CN102212573B - 酵母展示脂肪酶催化合成l-抗坏血酸dha酯的方法 - Google Patents
酵母展示脂肪酶催化合成l-抗坏血酸dha酯的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种酵母展示脂肪酶催化合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯的方法,包括:将L-抗坏血酸和DHA溶于有机溶剂中,加入酵母展示脂肪酶,无氧条件下于50~60℃反应4~8小时,分离、纯化制得L-抗坏血酸DHA酯;将经线性化处理的重组质粒转入毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115,将所得转化子接种于BMMY培养基中,诱导培养72~144小时后离心收集菌体,菌体经冲洗、生物印迹和冷冻干燥制得酵母展示脂肪酶;本发明通过将脂肪酶展示在细胞外,利用该酶制剂催化合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯,不仅提高了转化效率,而且缩短了反应时间,降低了生产成本。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及生物工程技术领域,尤其涉及一种酵母展示脂肪酶催化合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯的方法。
背景技术
BHA、BHT、PG、TBHQ等合成抗氧化剂广泛用于食品工业,但是由于存在致癌,体内消化后有毒性等安全隐患,其食用越来越受质疑,天然抗氧化剂也因此备受青睐。L-抗坏血酸(维生素C)是目前使用最多的天然抗氧化剂之一,随着两步发酵法生产维生素C技术的不断成熟,我国生产维生素C产量已居世界之首,生产成本也相对较低。然而,维生素C是水溶性的天然抗氧化剂,只能在水相体系发挥作用,但食品体系往往是油相或者是多相的,这就大大局限了维生素C的使用范围。将合适的亲油性基团“嫁接”到维生素C上合成脂溶性衍生物,从而改变其亲水性及溶解性可有效解决这一问题。L-抗坏血酸DHA酯是维生素C上“嫁接”DHA的衍生物,DHA(二十二碳六烯酸)属于ε-3系列多不饱和脂肪酸,具有增强免疫、抗癌、抗炎、降血脂、降血压、抗动脉粥样硬化及健脑益智、提高视力等生理功效,但是DHA自身不稳定,容易被氧化或发生自动氧化,从而降低其营养保健价值。通过与维生素C酯化不仅可以提高DHA的稳定性,还可获得集抗氧化、营养性、保健性、乳化性等多种特性为一体,具有很大的市场潜力的新型产品。
目前实现这一“嫁接”有化学法和生物酶法,由于化学法存在转化条件苛刻(强酸、碱催化、高温高压)、无特异性、产物复杂、副产物多、分离难、安全性差等弊端,生物酶法越来越受青睐。脂肪酶是目前维生素酯合成中使用最广泛的酶,但是生产成本高、固定化过程繁杂费时大大局限了其商业化应用。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种酵母展示脂肪酶催化合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯的方法,可显著降低L-抗坏血酸DHA酯生产成本,同时达到较高的酯化反应效率和产率。
一种酵母展示脂肪酶催化合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯的方法,包括:
将L-抗坏血酸和DHA溶于有机溶剂中,加入酵母展示脂肪酶,无氧条件下于50~60℃反应4~8小时,分离、纯化制得L-抗坏血酸DHA酯。
优选的,所述的有机溶剂为正己烷和四氢呋喃的混合物,体积比优选为1∶1。
优选的,每升有机溶剂中L-抗坏血酸、DHA和酵母展示脂肪酶的加入量分别为15~35g、150~350g、50~100g。
搅拌速率为150~250转/分钟。
优选的,在分离纯化前加入分子筛,继续搅拌反应10~12h,锁住水分,促进酯化反应进一步进行。
所述的分离、纯化为:离心取上清液,旋转蒸发除去有机溶剂,水洗后溶于正己烷,重结晶。
所述的酵母展示脂肪酶通过如下方法制备:
将经线性化处理的重组质粒转入毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115,将所得转化子接种于BMMY培养基中,诱导培养72~144小时后离心收集菌体,菌体经冲洗、生物印迹和冷冻干燥制得酵母展示脂肪酶;
所述的重组质粒由原始载体pPIC9K和依次插入原始载体pPIC9K中MFα1信号肽下游的脂肪酶基因和毕赤酵母GS115的细胞壁α凝集素基因组成。
所述的脂肪酶基因可选用Genbank号为AF229435的序列,毕赤酵母(Pichia pastoris)GS115为商业化产品,可从Invitrogen公司购得。它的细胞壁α凝集素基因序列的Genbank号为M28164。
载体pPIC9K为商业化产品(如Invitrogen公司),它存在MFα1信号肽序列(Genbank号:M17301),同时该载体内信号肽序列上游存在AOX1启动子(Genbank号:Z46233)。重组质粒线性化处理的目的是为了与胞内基因组发生同源重组,提高表达稳定性。
优选的,所述生物印迹所用配体为油酸,它可以诱导酶结构改变,提高转化率。
本发明通过将脂肪酶基因和细胞壁α凝集素基因导入毕赤酵母细胞GS115,毕赤酵母细胞诱导培养后,脂肪酶表达并分泌到胞外,同时利用细胞壁α凝集素将该脂肪酶固定在细胞表面。利用该酵母展现脂肪酶对酯化反应进行催化,不仅提高了操作稳定性、耐热性以及重复性,而且反应产物单一(为L-抗坏血酸DHA酯),转化率(以L-抗坏血酸计)在60%以上,产率高达58-60%。
具体实施方式
实施例1制备酵母展示脂肪酶
通过人工合成的方法,合成米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)的脂肪酶基因(Genbank号:AF229435)和毕赤酵母GS115的细胞壁α凝集素基因(Genbank号为M28164),同时在脂肪酶基因C端加上连接肽序列GSSGGSGGSGGSGGSGS(linker),连接后得到核苷酸序列pro-ROL-linker-α-agglutinin,同时在序列两端添加EcoR I和Not I酶切位点,其中pro-ROL为脂肪酶基因,α-agglutinin为细胞壁α凝集素基因。
以上述人工合成序列为模板,利用下述引物对,进行PCR扩增,
上游引物:5’-AAGGAAAAAAGAATTCGTTCCAGTTTCTGG-3’;
下游引物:5’-TTTTCCTTTTGCGGCCGCTAATGAAACG-3’
PCR反应体系为:模板DNA为1μl,高保真DNA聚合酶0.5μl,dNTP(50mM)0.4μl,上下游引物各0.5μl,10×PCR缓冲液5μl,加水至50μl。
PCR运行条件为:94℃3分钟,35个循环(94℃30秒,60℃1分钟,72℃30秒),72℃10分钟。
用EocR I和Not I同时酶切PCR产物和pPIC9K质粒,并在T4连接酶的作用下过夜连接形成pPIC9K-ROL质粒,通过电泳检验并回收质粒。为使目的基因与毕赤酵母GS115发生His 4单位点置换重组,用Sal I对pPIC9K-ROL质粒进行酶切线性化处理。将酶切线性化处理好的目的基因约15μl加入到事先准备好的毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞中,转入电转杯中,冰浴15min,然后在1500V,400Ω,25uF条件下电击10ms,并加入约1ml预冷的山梨醇。将上述混匀的电转产物约400μl涂于MD平板上,筛选阳性转化子,然后将阳性转化子涂于不同浓度的G418平板上,根据阳性转化子对G418的抗性筛选出Mut表型的多拷贝阳性重组菌株。
将多拷贝阳性重组菌株接种在BMGY培养基中发酵培养30h,离心收集细胞;再将细胞置于含有0.5%(体积百分比)甲醇的BMMY培养基中诱导培养144h,离心收集细胞,用水冲洗后,接种至YGC培养基中30℃培养120h,然后3000g离心分钟收集菌体,蒸馏水洗涤后再用50mM pH7.0磷酸缓冲液洗涤,然后与2倍体积油酸混合,-80℃下预冻后再经德国Christ真空冷冻干燥机干燥24h,用己烷洗涤除去油酸,再进行再真空干燥去除己烷,即得到经生物印迹处理的酵母展示脂肪酶。
实施例2酵母展示脂肪酶催化合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯
实例1取L-抗坏血酸0.176g、DHA 1.64g,加入含有5mL正己烷和5mL四氢呋喃的磨口三角瓶,混合、预热10min,然后加入酵母展示脂肪酶0.5g,充N2密封,置于85-1型磁力搅拌器中搅拌开始反应,转速为250转/分钟,反应温度保持在45℃,反应6h后加入0.5g分子筛(孔径小于2nm),继续反应12h后停止搅拌,离心沉淀除去酵母展示脂肪酶及分子筛,取上清液进行旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,水洗3次后加入正己烷于4℃结晶得L-抗坏血酸DHA酯产品,烘干、粉碎即可。
实例2取L-抗坏血酸0.352g、DHA 3.28g加入含有5mL正己烷和5mL四氢呋喃的磨口三角瓶,混合、预热10min,然后加入酵母展示脂肪酶1g,充N2密封,置于85-1型磁力搅拌器中搅拌开始反应,转速为200转/分钟,反应温度保持在50℃,反应6h后加入1.5g分子筛(孔径小于2nm),继续反应12h后停止搅拌,离心沉淀除去酵母展示脂肪酶及分子筛,取上清液进行旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,水洗3次后加入正己烷于4℃结晶得L-抗坏血酸DHA酯产品,烘干、粉碎即可。
实施例3采用传统化学法合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯
取L-抗坏血酸0.176g、DHA 1.64g,加入含有5mL正己烷和5mL四氢呋喃的磨口三角瓶,混合、预热10min,充N2密封,置于85-1型磁力搅拌器中搅拌开始反应,转速为250转/分钟,反应温度保持在45℃,反应6h后加入1.5g分子筛(孔径小于2nm),继续反应12h后停止搅拌,离心沉淀除去分子筛,取上清液进行旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,水洗3次后加入正己烷于4℃结晶得L-抗坏血酸DHA酯产品,烘干、粉碎即可。
实施例4测定转化产率和转化率
取1mL未分离的反应产物,离心去除催化剂和分子筛,旋转蒸发溶剂,用100%甲醇准确定容至10mL,该溶液经0.22μm有机滤膜过滤后用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定溶液各组分浓度。HPLC条件如下:AgilentTechnologies 1200系列高效液相色谱液,色谱柱:Grace Prevail Organic Acid5u 150mm×4.6mm,柱温:40℃,流动相:甲醇/水/磷酸(85/15/0.1),流速:1mL/min,进样量:10μL,检测波长:254nm。
产率计算公式如下:
产率=C ester/(C L-ascorbic acid+C ester),
式中:C ester为HPLC测定样品中L-抗坏血酸DHA酯浓度,CL-ascorbic acid为样品中L-抗坏血酸的浓度。
酯化反应效率:转化率=C L-ascorbic acid(反应后)/C L-ascorbic acid(反应前)×100%。
通过上述方法检测计算,实施例2中,实例1合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯的产率和反应效率分别为58%和60%,实例2合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯的产率和反应效率分别为60%和64%。而实施例3采用传统化学法合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯获得的产率和转化效率分别仅为27%和30%。
Claims (1)
1.一种酵母展示脂肪酶催化合成L-抗坏血酸DHA酯的方法,包括:
人工合成米根霉(Rhizopus oryzae)的脂肪酶基因和毕赤酵母GS115的细胞壁α凝集素基因,接着在脂肪酶基因C端加上编码连接肽序列GSSGGSGGSGGSGGSGS的基因片段,连接得到核苷酸序列pro-ROL-linker-α-agglutinin,pro-ROL代表脂肪酶基因,Genbank号为:AF229435,α-agglutinin代表细胞壁α凝集素基因,Genbank号为:M28164,linker代表编码连接肽的基因片段;
以人工合成序列为模板,利用以下引物对,进行PCR扩增;
上游引物:5’-AAGGAAAAAAGAATTCGTTCCAGTTTCTGG-3’;
下游引物:5’-TTTTCCTTTTGCGGCCGCTAATGAAACG-3’;
PCR反应体系为:模板DNA为1μl,高保真DNA聚合酶0.5μl,50mM的dNTP0.4μl,上下游引物各0.5μl,10×PCR缓冲液5μl,加水至50μl;
PCR运行条件为:94℃3分钟;35个循环,每个循环为:94℃30秒,60℃1分钟,72℃30秒;72℃10分钟;
用EocR I和Not I同时酶切PCR产物和pPIC9K质粒,并在T4连接酶的作用下过夜连接形成pPIC9K-ROL质粒,用Sal I对pPIC9K-ROL质粒进行酶切线性化处理,将酶切线性化处理好的目的基因15μl加入到毕赤酵母GS115感受态细胞中,转入电转杯中,冰浴15min,然后在1500V,400Ω,25uF条件下电击10ms,并加入1mL预冷的山梨醇;
将混匀的电转产物400μl涂于MD平板上,筛选阳性转化子,然后将阳性转化子涂于不同浓度的G418平板上,根据阳性转化子对G418的抗性筛选出Mut表型的多拷贝阳性重组菌株;
将多拷贝阳性重组菌株接种在BMGY培养基中发酵培养30h,离心收集细胞;再将细胞置于含有体积百分比0.5%甲醇的BMMY培养基中诱导培养144h,离心收集细胞,用水冲洗后,接种至YGC培养基中30℃培养120h,然后3000g离心分钟收集菌体,蒸馏水洗涤后再用50mM pH7.0磷酸缓冲液洗涤,然后与2倍体积油酸混合,-80℃下预冻后再经冷冻干燥机干燥24h,用己烷洗涤除去油酸,再进行再真空干燥去除己烷,即得到经生物印迹处理的酵母展示脂肪酶;
取L-抗坏血酸0.352g、DHA3.28g,加入含有5mL正己烷和5mL四氢呋喃的磨口三角瓶,混合、预热10min,然后加入酵母展示脂肪酶1g,充N2密封,置于85-1型磁力搅拌器中搅拌开始反应,转速为200转/分钟,反应温度保持在50℃,反应6h后加入1.5g分子筛,分子筛的孔径小于2nm,继续反应12h后停止搅拌,离心沉淀除去酵母展示脂肪酶及分子筛,取上清液进行旋转蒸发除去四氢呋喃,水洗3次后加入正己烷于4℃结晶得L-抗坏血酸DHA酯产品,烘干、粉碎。
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