CN102188998B - 含钌水氧化催化剂、制法及其应用 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种含钌水氧化催化剂、制法及其应用,所述含钌水氧化催化剂,具有通式I的结构。通式I中,R1和R2各自独立地选自H、烷基、卤素、硝基、氨基或氰基。本发明的上述化合物作为水氧化催化剂,有着很好的TON和TOF值,TOF最高达到18.5,远远超过同类催化剂,接近与自然界水平的TOF=25,显示了很高的催化效率。并且该类催化剂原料价格便宜,操作性强,反应产率高。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一类新的水氧化催化剂,属于含钌金属配合物。
背景技术
模拟光系统II,实现催化水氧化放出氧气,是解决能源短缺和环境污染的有效途径。
目前催化剂的设计主要采用了一些金属配位化合物,包括锰、铱、钴、钌、铁等,在均相体系中钌金属配位化合物的催化活性最好,例如一系列以6,6’-二甲酸-2,2’联吡啶和取代吡啶为配体的钌金属配合物获得了较好的催化效果。然而,目前报道的均相催化剂中,单核的金属钌的配合物的催化转换数(TON)和转换效率(TOF)仍然不高,最高催化转换数(TON)约1700(Yunhua Xu等Inorg.Chem.2009,48,2717-2719),最优转换频率(TOF)仅仅0.034(Yagi,M.;Kaneko,M.Chemical Reviews 2001,101,21-35.)。所以设计合成活性更高的水氧化催化剂,是一项十分紧迫的任务。
发明内容
本发明旨在提供一类活性更高的水氧化催化剂。
本发明一方面提供一种含钌水氧化催化剂,具有下述通式I的结构:
上述通式I中,R1和R2各自独立地选自H、烷基、卤素、硝基、氨基或氰基。优选技术方案中,R1和R2各自独立地选自H、烷基或卤素。最为优选的,R1为H或烷基;R2为H或卤素。
上述技术方案中,所述及的烷基优选C1~4直链或支链烷基,包括甲基、乙基、丙基、正丁基及异丁基等。更为优选地,R1为H或甲基;R2为H或Br。由此得到本发明的最优选技术方案,即化合物1、化合物2和化合物3,分别是:
化合物1:(6,6’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶)(N-甲基-2-溴咪唑)2二甲基亚砜Ru(II);
化合物2:(6,6’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶)(咪唑)2二甲基亚砜Ru(II);
化合物3:(6,6’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶)(N-甲基咪唑)2二甲基亚砜Ru(II)。
本发明另一方面提供上述化合物的制备方法,该方法包括如下步骤:
将6,6’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶和Ru(DMSO)4Cl2按照摩尔当量1∶1加入甲醇中,再加入8摩尔当量的Et3N,加热回流4h,加入4~5摩尔当量的通式II的化合物(N1-R1-C4-R2)咪唑,加热回流8h,产物经柱分离提纯;
其中R1和R2各自独立地选自H、烷基、卤素、硝基、氨基或氰基。
其中取代基的优选技术方案与前文的描述一致。
再一方面,本发明还提供上文所述的催化剂在水氧化制氧中的应用。
发明人根据释氧活性中心(OEC)的最新结构,设计合成了以2,2-联吡啶-4,4-二甲酸及及其衍生物为横向配体,(取代)咪唑和二甲级亚砜为轴向配体的金属钌配合物,作为氧化水得催化剂,能够在较低的电压下实现催化水氧化而放出氧气,并得到循环伏安和氧电极的验证(图17)。这为进一步模拟光系统II的工作原理,设计合成Mn/Ca簇催化剂,实现化学氧化水放氧奠定了良好的基础。在本发明所述的催化剂中,咪唑和二甲基亚砜可以不同的方式相联接。经过相关放氧活性测试证明,本发明的化合物作为水氧化催化剂,有着很好的TON和TOF值,TOF最高达到18.5,远远超过同类催化剂,接近与自然界水平的TOF=25,显示了很高的催化效率。并且该类催化剂原料价格便宜,操作性强,反应产率高。
附图说明
本发明附图6幅,其中:
图1是化合物1的核磁图谱;
图2是化合物1的质谱图谱;
图3是化合物2的核磁图谱;
图4是化合物2的质谱图谱;
图5是化合物3的核磁图谱;
图6是化合物3的质谱图谱。
具体实施方式
下面的非限制性实施例用于进一步说明本发明的内容,但不以任何形式限制本发明。无特殊说明,本发明采用核磁和质谱对产物进行结构鉴定,参考文献A New Dinuclear Ruthenium Complex as an Efficient Water OxidationCatalyst一文中的方法(Yunhua Xu等Inorg.Chem.2009,48,2717-2719)检测产物TON、TOF值。并按照下述公式计算产率。
产率=(得到的目标产品化合物的摩尔数)/(原料中Ru(DMSO)4Cl2的摩尔数)×100%
制备实施例1
化合物1的制备
6,6’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶,Ru(DMSO)4Cl2,1∶1当量(1mmol)加入甲醇溶剂(20ml)中,加入8当量的Et3N,加热回流4h,加入4~5当量的N-甲基-4-溴咪唑,加热回流8h,产品通过硅胶柱分离提纯,以甲醇做展开剂和淋洗液,得到纯品后氮气保护。产率39%。
化合物1核磁数据:1H NMR(400MHz,D2O):8.25(t,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.12(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.09(s,1H),7.86~7.95(m,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.36(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.19(s,1H),6.89(s,1H),6.24(s,1H),3.51(s,3H),3.20(s,3H),2.58(s,6H);TOFHR MS-ES+:m/z+=742.1730(M+H+).
分析得化合物1为(6,6’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶)(N-甲基-2-溴咪唑)2二甲基亚砜Ru(II)。
制备实施例2
化合物2的制备
6,6’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶,Ru(DMSO)4Cl2,1∶1当量(1mmol)加入甲醇溶剂(20ml)中,加入8当量的Et3N,加热回流4h,加入4~5当量的咪唑,加热回流8h,产品通过硅胶柱分离提纯,以甲醇做展开剂和淋洗液,得到纯品后氮气保护。产率35%。
化合物2核磁数据:1H NMR(400MHz,D2O):δ=8.27(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.14(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.04(s,1H),7.87~7.96(m,J=8.0Hz,3H),7.37(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.13(s,1H),7.01(s,1H),6.92(s,1H),6.76(s,1H),6.21(s,1H),2.60(d,J=8.0Hz,6H);API-ES:m/z+=559.2(M+H+).
分析得化合物2为:(6,6’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶)(咪唑)2二甲基亚砜Ru(II)。
制备实施例3
化合物3的制备
6,6’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶,Ru(DMSO)4Cl2,1∶1当量(1mmol)加入甲醇溶剂(20ml)中,加入8当量的Et3N,加热回流4h,加入4~5当量的N-甲基咪唑,加热回流8h,产品通过硅胶柱分离提纯,以甲醇做展开剂和淋洗液,得到纯品后氮气保护。产率36%。
化合物3核磁数据:1H NMR(400MHz,D2O):δ=8.28(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),8.16(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),7.87~7.96(m,J=8.0Hz,4H),7.05(d,J=8.0Hz,1H),6.96(s,1H),6.90(s,1H),6.75(s,1H),6.71(s,1H),6.20(s,1H),3.62(s,3H),3.32(s,3H),2.65(d,J=8.0Hz,6H);API-ES:m/z+=587.0(M+H+).
分析得化合物3为:(6,6’-二羧酸-2,2’-联吡啶)(N-甲基咪唑)2二甲基亚砜Ru(II)。
对比实施例4
化合物TON/TOF值测定
在真空无氧的条件下,利用美国Ocean Optics公司的氧传感器H320来检测放氧的过程,由实施例1~分别制得的化合物1,2,3具体实验条件如下:
在两口瓶中,采用pH=1的三氟甲磺酸CF3SO3H溶液3毫升作为反应溶剂,加入1.4g硝酸铈铵(Ce(NH4)2(NO3)6),氩气环境下加入按照制备实例制得的催化剂水溶液(除氧,浓度2mmol/L,催化剂的量为200nmol)100uL,加入催化剂后,马上产生氧气,氧传感器H320监测放氧得到放氧曲线,再用气相色谱(TECHCOMP的GC7890T)检测得到氧气的量。检测结果及与对现有技术的对比结果如表1:
表1
通过比较可以看出,与现有技术相比,本发明的催化剂的催化水氧化效果很好,远远优于同类其他的催化剂,为以后通过光解水制氢的工业化提供了一个很好的半反应催化剂。
Claims (6)
2.权利要求1所述的催化剂,其中R1和R2各自独立地选自H、C1~4烷基或卤素。
3.权利要求2所述的催化剂,其中R1为H或C1~4烷基;R2为H或卤素。
4.权利要求3所述的催化剂,其中R1为H或甲基;R2为H或Br。
6.权利要求1所述的催化剂在水氧化制氧中的应用。
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WO2010107919A1 (en) * | 2009-03-17 | 2010-09-23 | Emory University | Polyoxometalate water oxidation catalysts and methods of use thereof |
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