CN102186981A - 醇的生产工艺 - Google Patents
醇的生产工艺 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102186981A CN102186981A CN2009801409450A CN200980140945A CN102186981A CN 102186981 A CN102186981 A CN 102186981A CN 2009801409450 A CN2009801409450 A CN 2009801409450A CN 200980140945 A CN200980140945 A CN 200980140945A CN 102186981 A CN102186981 A CN 102186981A
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- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/065—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage with microorganisms other than yeasts
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- C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
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- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
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- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
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Abstract
本发明提供一种生产醇的工艺，其包括在水性介质中以至少45℃的温度使用耐热性微生物在纤维素材料中裂解多糖以产生可发酵的糖类，以至少45℃的温度利用耐热性微生物使所述糖类水溶液发酵以产生醇或者链烷酸酯，如果需要的话则减少所述链烷酸酯以产生醇，并从所述水溶液中除去所述醇。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及从纤维素材料生产醇的工艺改进或者与该工艺相关的改进，其可以在提高的温度下进行。
背景技术
醇类，或更精确的说是C1-6一羟基链烯醇类，特别是乙醇和丁醇，在用作燃料方面越来越重要，其或者作为燃料，或者作为传统碳氢燃料如汽油的添加剂。醇类可以通过来自植物材料的糖类如戊糖和己糖的发酵生产。而现在已经更强调植物种子例如玉蜀黍作为原始植物材料的应用，这样是相对不期望的，因为所述种子材料也可以作为人类或者动物消耗的食物。因此，期望使用不适于人类消耗的替代纤维素材料，例如木浆、林木碎片、纸、草、稻草、玉蜀黍的包皮等等。对于所述原料，纤维素和半纤维素多糖(为方便下文中统称为纤维素)必须首先被分解为可发酵的糖类，通常为己糖和戊糖，随后这些糖类可以通过微生物进行发酵(代谢)以产生醇类。很早前人们就已经知道酵母菌，例如布鲁尔酵母，能够将可发酵的糖类转化为如甲醇和乙醇的醇类，而且很早以前也已经知道，细菌如梭菌等能够将可发酵的糖类转化为如乙醇、丙醇和丁醇的醇类。所产生的醇类可以从发酵混合物(例如通过蒸馏)中分离出来并被使用，例如用作燃料。
用作燃料的乙醇以这种方式的生产最近已经受到很多关注；然而丁醇，更具体而言正丁醇，可能是更吸引人的用作燃料的选择，因为它更容易同传统液体碳氢燃料混合，并且因为它的燃烧产热高于乙醇的产热。
典型地，通过使用稀释或者浓缩的无机酸例如硫酸或者盐酸的水解，可完成纤维素向可发酵糖类的降解。虽然酸水解是非常高效的，但在可进行随后的发酵步骤前，水解液必须被中和，例如通过碳酸钙，而且酸并且中和碱显著地促进从纤维素原料生产醇类的消耗。
可发酵的糖类，多糖(纤维素)降解的产物，即使不是大部分，也当然也是许多微生物的饲料，包括那些不产生醇类作为代谢产物的微生物。因此为了使利用生产醇类微生物例如布鲁尔酵母进行的醇类生产最大化，它代表性地需要利用传统技术来对糖类进行灭菌。
我们已经发现可以通过在至少45℃、尤其至少50℃、特别至少60℃、例如60至80℃的温度下使用耐热性微生物用于纤维素向可发酵糖的降解和可发酵糖向醇类的降解，从而更有效地制得生产自纤维素原料的醇类。通过这种方式，灭菌的需求被减少或者避免，并且酸水解的需求也被避免。此外，特别是在乙醇或者甲醇正被生产的工艺中，醇类可以在发酵过程中从发酵混合物中分离出来因而驱使发酵反应有更高的醇类收率。
发明内容
因此从一个方面来看本发明提供了醇类的生产工艺，其包括在水性介质中以至少45℃的温度使用耐热性微生物在纤维素材料中裂解多糖以产生可发酵的糖类，以至少45℃的温度利用耐热性微生物使所述糖类水溶液发酵以产生醇或者链烷酸酯，如果需要的话则减少所述链烷酸酯以产生醇类，并从所述水溶液中除去所述醇类。
利用微生物对可发酵糖类进行的转化可以产生醇。然而可选择地，尤其在将要制备丁醇的工艺中，可以使用产生链烷酸酯(例如丁酸酯或者乙酸酯)而不是醇或者除醇之外产生链烷酸酯(例如丁酸酯或者乙酸酯)的微生物。链烷酸酯可以被分解例如氢化，以形成相应的醇类，同时首先从或者不从发酵混合物中分离出来。大体上，然而，发明工艺将优选包括发酵以产生醇，并将不包括链烷酸酯分解。
“耐热性”此处意味着微生物必须能够在至少45℃温度的水溶液中增殖例如至少10个小时的相当长一段时间，优选至少50℃的温度，更优选至少60℃，尤其60至80℃。
发明工艺中的发酵和纤维素分解步骤优选在至少50℃、更优选至少60℃、尤其60至80℃的温度下完成。
在本发明工艺一个特别优选的实施方案中，在单个步骤中使用耐热性微生物组合完成多糖至可发酵糖的分解和可发酵糖至醇类(或者至链烷酸酯)的转化。在这一实施方案中，可以同时地或者连续地和在单个步骤中或者重复地将不同微生物加入到纤维素材料中。
可以照常规完成从发酵介质中移除醇(或者链烷酸酯)，例如通过在发酵已经发生时从发酵介质中蒸馏，或者更优选通过从发酵混合物上面抽出气体和从抽出的气体中浓缩醇(或者链烷酸酯)。当将要制备的醇为甲醇或者，尤其是乙醇时该工艺是尤其优选的。在这一实施方案中，尤其优选从发酵混合物上面循环气体，通过冷凝器并回到发酵混合物中或者上面。进行所述醇移除操作的装置本身是新颖的并形成发明的另一个方面。因此从这一方面来看本发明提供醇类收集装置包括：有加热器的发酵容器、凝结器、和从所述容器至所述凝结器并回到所述容器的气体管道。优选提供的装置配有泵以利于气体从发酵容器流至冷凝器，配有冷却器(例如冷却罩)用于凝结器，和在凝结器中有出气口用于在此凝结液体的移除。
从另一个方面来看本发明提供一种醇(例如乙醇、甲醇或者丁醇)的生产工艺，该工艺包括以60至80℃的温度在气体氛围下利用能够将所述糖类转化为醇的微生物使可发酵糖类(例如己糖和/或戊糖)的水溶液在发酵容器中发酵，并且在发酵过程中从所述气体氛围抽气体进入冷凝器中从而使所抽出的醇类凝结出来。
在这一工艺中，优选使用惰性气体，例如氮气、氢气或者二氧化碳通过发酵混合物，从而增加从发酵容器移除出来的气体氛围中的醇含量。该气体可以代表性地为在它从凝结器通过后从发酵容器中抽出的气体。此外气体的抽出移动醇类生产反应平衡从而增加醇类生产。类似地，为了催化该反应以产生更高收益的醇类，可以通过选择性膜或者渗透汽化技术从发酵介质中移除醇类。
纤维素分解为可发酵的糖类和可发酵糖类向醇类的转化，根据本发明所述，可以在单个生物反应器或者两步反应系统中完成，并且用于完成纤维素向糖类和糖类向醇类转化的微生物或者微生物混合物可以相同或者不同。
用于多糖分解的微生物可以是任何能够完成这一任务的耐热性微生物。适合的微生物可以在任意堆肥堆的热中心找到。高耐热性微生物可以通过培养一个样品以持续高温从所述环境中分离得到，例如以5℃的增量将温度从35℃升至所希望的操作温度。可选地，并且通常更优选，所属有机体可以通过在所希望的、提高的操作温度下进行培养，从原始材料中分离得到。可用微生物种类的例子包括热纤梭菌、粪堆梭菌(C.stercorarum)、产气荚膜梭菌和嗜热解淀粉梭菌，尤其热纤维素梭菌DSM1237/粪堆梭菌(C.stercorarum)DSM8532、产气荚膜梭菌DSM16021和嗜热解淀粉梭菌DSM2335(也参见Ozkan等，J.Ind.Micribiol.& Biotech.27：275-280(2001))。
适合的纤维素分解促进微生物包括那些产生纤维素酶、水解酶、漆酶和/或过氧化物酶的微生物。具有纤维素降解酶的梭菌菌株是已知的(参见例如Sakka等，Agricultural and Biological Chemistry 53：905-910(1989)，和Kato等Int.J.Syst.Evol.Microbiol.54：2043-2047(2004))，并可以被方便地用于本发明。
如果希望，用于纤维素分解的微生物可以包括能够降解木素的有机体。或者木素可以从工艺中移除，并用作燃料以提供全部工艺所需的部分能量。
用于可发酵糖向醇类转化的微生物也可以是能够完成这一转化的任意耐热性微生物。可以通过培养候选物来鉴别用于醇类生产的耐热性微生物，例如在本发明工艺所希望操作温度下的酵母菌或者梭菌菌株，或者可选择但是较少优选在从较低温但升温至所希望操作温度的持续高温下的菌株，例如以5℃的增量将温度从40℃升至所希望的操作温度。耐热性梭菌菌株是已知的，例如热纤维梭菌、发光梭菌、热产硫磺梭菌、热硫化氢梭菌、C.caminithermale、粪堆梭菌、嗜热乳酸梭菌、热粪梭菌、产气荚膜梭菌、C.thermopapyroliticum、热丁酸梭菌、帕姆酒耐热梭菌和热解糖梭菌(参见例如Mendez等，Int.J.Syst.Bacterid.41：281-283(1991)，Jin等，Int.J.Syst.Bacteriol.38：279-281(1998)，Le Ruyet等，Syst.Appl.Microbiol.6：196-202(1985)，Madden，Int.J.Syst.Bacteriol.33：837-840(1983)，Hyun等，J.Bacteriol.156：1332-1337(1983)，Ng等，Arch.Microbiol.114：1-7(1977)，Wigel等，J.Ind.Microbiol.and Biotech.24：7-13(2000)，Lawson等，Syst.Appl.Microbiol.14：135-139(1991)，Hollaus等，Arch.Micriobiol.86：129-146(1972)和McClung，J.Bacteriol.29：189-202(1935))。如UBA 305一种所述的菌株被储存于South American Biotechnology and Applied Microbiology Culture Collection。能够使至少一些糖类发酵形成尤其为乙醇和丁醇的有用链烯醇的其它微生物种类包括可利市嗜热产氢菌(参见Zacharova等，Arch.Microbiol.160：492-497(1993))、乙酸乙基嗜热拟杆菌(参见Ben-Basset等，Arch.Microbiol.128：365-370(1981))、Thermoanaerobium lactoethylicum(参见Kondratieva等，Arch.Microbiol.151：117-122(1989))、食甲基丁酸杆菌(参见Wordet等，Fuel 70(1990))，和，较少优选，Pyrodictium abyssi(参见Pley等，Syst.Appl.Microbiol.14：245-253(1991))和丁醇栖高温菌(参见Zillig等，J.Bacteriol.172：3959-3965(1990))。
在本发明的一个优选实施方案中，用于醇类生产的微生物为能够从链烯醇生物前体产生链烷酸酯的微生物的基因转变形式，基因转变为敲除(即使失去能力)或者删除一种负责链烯醇生物前体向链烷酸酯转化的基因。例如如果是梭菌，这可能包括敲除或者删除负责将乙酰辅酶A转化为乙酸酯和/或将丁酰辅酶A转化为丁酸酯的基因，或者通过强化或者增强负责将乙酰辅酶A转化为乙醇或者将丁酰辅酶A转化为丁醇的基因。这可以通过传统技术轻易完成，如基因破坏、敲除诱变或者消极的酶进化。类似地，微生物可以转染能够产生反义mRNA以阻止不希望酶(例如当丁醇生产为所希望的时促进乙醇生产的酶，等等)生产的质粒。它也特别优选使用乙醇和丁醇均能生产的微生物的基因转变形式，基因转变为敲除(即使失去能力)或者删除一种负责乙醇或者丁醇生产的基因。例如关于梭菌这可能包括敲除或者删除负责将乙酰辅酶A转化为乙醇或者将丁酰辅酶A转化为丁醇或者将乙酰辅酶A转化为丁酰辅酶A的基因，或者增强负责将乙酰辅酶A转化为乙醇或者将丁酰辅酶A转化为丁醇的基因。这也可以通过传统技术简单完成。
因此，有代表性地，乙醛脱氢酶或者乙醇脱氢酶这些酶基因的补充可以使乙醇生产提高，同时可以伴随着磷酸乙酸转移酶、乙酸酯激酶、硫解酶、乙酰乙酰辅酶A：乙酸酯/丁酸酯辅酶-A转移酶、乙酰乙酸脱羧酶、3-羟基丁酰辅酶A脱氢酶、巴豆酸酶、丁酰辅酶A脱氢酶、磷酸丁酰转移酶、丁酸酯激酶、丁醛脱氢酶、醛/醇类脱氢酶E和丁醇脱氢酶这些酶基因的删除、失效或者抑制或者这些酶的失效或者为此使用反义RNA的RNA编码的失效。类似地，丁醛脱氢酶、醛/醇类脱氢酶E、或者丁醇脱氢酶和任选的硫解酶、3-羟基丁酰辅酶A脱氢酶、巴豆酸酶和丁酰辅酶A脱氢酶这些酶基因的补充可以使丁醇生产提高同时可以伴随着乙醛脱氢酶、乙醇脱氢酶、磷酸乙酸转移酶、乙酸酯激酶、乙酰乙酰辅酶A：乙酸酯/丁酸酯辅酶-A转移酶、乙酰乙酸脱羧酶、磷酸丁酰转移酶和丁酸酯激酶这些酶基因的删除、失效或者抑制或者这些酶的失效或者为此使用反义RNA的RNA编码的失效。
用于提高丁醇生产的所述操作的适合起始物种包括热丁酸梭菌、帕姆酒耐热梭菌、热粪梭菌、热解糖梭菌、淤泥真杆菌、可利市嗜热产氢菌，非乳解假支杆菌(Pseudoamibacter alactolyticus)、乙酸乙基嗜热拟杆菌、Thermoanaerobium lactyloethylicum、Thermoproteus uzoniensis、Pyrodictium abyssi、丁醇栖高温菌、斯梯特高温球菌和食甲基丁酸杆菌。
因此，例如，丁醇生产可以通过利用带有基因aad的质粒pCAAD或者pTHAAD进行的改造在梭菌中得到提高(参见Nair等，J.Bacterid.176：871-885(1994)和J.Bacteriol.176：5843-5846(1994)和Green等，Biotech.and Bioeng.58：215-221(1998))。在诱导基因进入一系列梭菌种类中适合使用的其它质粒例如被Blaschek等在FEMS Microbiology Reviews 17：349-356(1995)中所讨论。反义RNA可以被类似地用于抑制远离所希望链烯醇类直接生产的基因的作用(参见Tummala等，在J.Bacteriol.185：1923-1934(2003)中)。当然也可以使用经典的诱变-作者如Annous等，在Appl.Env.Microbiol.57：2544-2548(1991)中已经报道了在利用梭菌的增压丁醇生产中经典诱变的成功应用。
耐热性醇类/链烷酸酯生产微生物的所述基因转变形式是新颖的并形成了本发明的另一个方面。从该方面来看本发明提供一种耐热性微生物，例如能够在超过45℃的温度下增殖，尤其是超过50℃，特别是超过60℃，优选梭菌种类，其能够代谢己糖和/或戊糖以产生乙醇和/或丁醇，其中编码将乙酰辅酶A转化为乙酸酯、丁酰辅酶A或者乙醇的酶的基因或者编码将丁酰辅酶A转化为丁酸酯的酶的基因失效或者被删除。特别优选，至少两个所述基因，尤其两个或者三个所述基因，失效或者被删除。在该文中的失效或者删除包括转化以产生减少或者预防基因成功表达的反义RNA。
如上所述，在产生醇类或者链烷酸酯的发明工艺中有用的用于分解生物质以生产醇类或者链烷酸酯生成用或者作为修饰原料的底物的微生物例子包括：丙酮丁醇梭菌(于37℃生长)；拜氏梭菌(于35CC生长)；约氏梭菌(分解纤维素二醣、七叶苷和木糖，生长于45℃、pH 7.0)；C.thermocopriae(分解纤维素和各种糖类，生长于60℃、pH 6.5-7.3)；热解糖梭菌(分解蔗糖、糊精和果胶，生长于55-62℃)；热硫化氢梭菌(分解淀粉、纤维素二醣、葡萄糖、木糖和可溶性糖类，生长于68℃、pH 6.9-7.5)；热丁酸梭菌(分解可溶性糖类，生长于55℃，pH 6.8-7.1)；帕姆酒耐热梭菌(分解糖类，生长于55℃、pH 6.6)；嗜羧酸梭菌(C.carboxidivorans)(分解葡糖糖、淀粉、纤维素、纤维素二醣和果胶，生长于38℃、pH 6.2)；乙酸乙基嗜热拟杆菌(分解淀粉、葡萄糖和其它可溶性糖类，生长于65℃，pH 5.5-8.5)；Thermoanaerobium lactoethylicum(分解淀粉、葡萄糖和其它糖类，生长于65℃、pH 7.0)；Pyrodictium abyssi(分解淀粉和明胶，生长于97℃、pH 5.5)；斯梯特高温球菌(分解蛋白胨、淀粉和果胶(peptin)，生长于73-77℃、pH 6.5)；普氏产醋杆菌(Oxobacter pfennigii)(生长于36-38℃、pH 7.3)；食甲基丁酸杆菌(生长于37℃、pH 6.0)；和Burkholderia xenovorans。
如上所述，在产生丁醇或者丁酸酯的发明工艺中有用的用于分解生物质以生产丁醇或者丁酸酯生成用或者作为修饰原料的底物的进一步微生物例子包括：热解糖梭菌ATCC 7956(产生丁醇，生长于45℃)；帕姆酒耐热梭菌DSM 5974(产生丁酸酯，生长于55℃)；嗜羧酸梭菌(C.carboxidivorans)ATCC BAA-624(产生丁醇，生长于至多40℃)；乙酰乙基热厌氧杆菌ATCC 33265(产生丁酸酯，生长于60℃)；斯梯特高温球菌DSM 5262(产生异丁酸酯，生长于75℃)；和普氏产醋杆菌(Oxobacter pfennigii)DSM 3222(产生丁酸酯，生长于37℃)。所有这些都有一个酸产生阶段随后是(丁醇)产生阶段，-然而最初的丁酸酯生成对嗜羧酸梭菌(C.carboxidivorans)、乙酸乙基嗜热拟杆菌和尤其O.pfennigii特别有效。
在本发明一个尤其优选的实施方案中，用于多糖向糖分解和糖向醇转化的微生物是同类，例如梭菌属。
其中所使用的微生物是缺氧的，相关工艺步骤优选在无氧或者氧耗尽的氛围(例如含有0至10摩尔％氧气，优选0至5摩尔％，尤其0至2摩尔％)下进行。以这种方式来限制需氧微生物对营养资源的竞争。特别优选处理过的组合物，例如通过在减压下暴露或者通过利用如氮气、二氧化碳或者惰性气体的非氧气体冲洗，对水性纤维素材料或者水性糖溶液进行处理以减少氧气含量。
如上所述，当甲醇或者乙醇正在被生产时可以在发酵过程中将其从发酵混合物上的气体中移除。可选地，无论正被生产的醇的性质如何，醇类产物可以通过蒸馏从发酵混合物中移除。在另一个优选的实施方案中，可以在发酵过程中或者在发酵后通过将水性发酵混合物同与水不混溶的有机液体例如液烃接触来移除醇类，优选在发酵过程中。可以通过蒸馏从有机液体中移除醇类或者液体与所产生的醇类可以直接用作燃料。再一次地，如果在发酵过程中以这种方式提取醇类，可以驱使发酵反应以增加全部的醇类生成。
用于发明工艺的粗原料可以是任意方便的纤维素材料。优选包括木材(例如木浆)、纸、林木、草、麦秆、玉蜀黍的包皮或类似物的材料。当种子或者坚果像这样不是特别希望的原料时，可以方便地使用来自压榨植物油所得到的种子或者坚果废料。
有利地，原料接受化学和/或物理上的预处理，例如浸离法或者蒸汽处理，以加速其后的纤维素分解。
现在将参考下列非限制性的实施例和附图对本发明作进一步说明：
附图说明
图1为根据发明所述装置的示意图。
关于图1，那里展示了用于如乙醇的醇类生产的装置1。含有通过纤维素降解所产生的在水溶液3中的可发酵糖类的发酵容器2拥有加热夹套4以保持70±5℃的溶液温度。管道5从容器2至凝结器单元6进行导联，凝结器单元有水冷却夹套7以保持温度接近于外温并由此引起醇类8的凝结。返回管道9通过泵10从凝结器单元6导联回发酵容器2。在返回管道9中提供阀门11，从而像所希望或者所需要的那样在装置中引入空气或者氮气或者使超压复原。
实施例
实施例1
多糖分解
纤维素材料，在这一例子中是木浆，被通过水蒸汽爆炸进行预处理以促进随后的微生物降解。往预处理的木浆中加入来自堆肥堆的水性接种。.混合物于60℃下保持三天。
实施例2
醇生产
对实施例1的产物接种产生丁醇的梭菌菌株并在氮气氛围下于60℃培养两天随后通过蒸馏复原产生的丁醇。
Claims (7)
1.一种生产醇的工艺，其包括在水性介质中以至少45℃的温度使用耐热性微生物在纤维素材料中裂解多糖以产生可发酵的糖类，以至少45℃的温度利用耐热性微生物使所述糖类水溶液发酵以产生醇或者链烷酸酯，如果需要的话则减少所述链烷酸酯以产生醇，并从所述水溶液中除去所述醇。
2.如权利要求1所述的工艺，其中裂解和发酵在至少60℃的温度下完成。
3.一种生产醇的工艺，其工艺包括以60至80℃的温度在气体氛围下利用能够将所述糖类转化为醇的微生物使可发酵糖类的水溶液在发酵容器中发酵，并且在发酵过程中从所述气体氛围抽出气体进入冷凝器中从而使所抽出的醇类凝结出来。
4.一种生产醇的工艺，其工艺包括以60至80℃的温度利用能够将所述糖类转化为醇的微生物使可发酵糖类的水溶液在发酵容器中发酵，并且在发酵过程中从所述溶液抽出醇。
5.如权利要求1至4任一项所述的工艺，包括利用能够将所述糖类转化为丁醇的微生物使所述可发酵糖类水溶液发酵。
6.一种能够代谢己糖和/或戊糖以产生乙醇和/或丁醇的耐热性微生物，其中编码将乙酰辅酶A转化为乙酸酯、丁酰辅酶A或者乙醇的酶的基因或者编码将丁酰辅酶A转化为丁酸酯的酶的基因失效或者被删除。
7.收集醇的装置包括：具有加热器的发酵容器；一个冷凝器；和一个从所述容器至所述凝结器并回到所述容器的气体导管。
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| EP2635711A1 (en) * | 2010-11-01 | 2013-09-11 | Technical University of Denmark | Dsmz 24726 for second generation bioethanol production |
| WO2013033604A2 (en) * | 2011-08-31 | 2013-03-07 | The Trustees Of Dartmouth College | Production of butanols in thermophilic organisms |
| US9850512B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2017-12-26 | The Research Foundation For The State University Of New York | Hydrolysis of cellulosic fines in primary clarified sludge of paper mills and the addition of a surfactant to increase the yield |
| US9951363B2 (en) | 2014-03-14 | 2018-04-24 | The Research Foundation for the State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry | Enzymatic hydrolysis of old corrugated cardboard (OCC) fines from recycled linerboard mill waste rejects |
| JPWO2019230861A1 (ja) * | 2018-05-31 | 2021-04-22 | 東レ株式会社 | 揮発性の化学品の製造方法および発酵装置 |
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| JPS5836392A (ja) * | 1981-08-25 | 1983-03-03 | Idemitsu Kosan Co Ltd | エタノ−ルの製造法 |
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| BLUMER-SCHUETTE ET AL: "Extremely thermophilic microorganisms for biomass conversion: status and prospects", 《CURRENT OPINION IN BIOTECHNOLOGY》 * |
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| CN105722988A (zh) * | 2013-09-02 | 2016-06-29 | 马勒金属立夫有限公司 | 用于含糖基质的微生物发酵的工艺以及在该工艺中使用呈原子、离子或者气态的氢 |
| CN105722988B (zh) * | 2013-09-02 | 2019-12-06 | 马勒金属立夫有限公司 | 用于含糖基质的微生物发酵的工艺以及在该工艺中使用呈原子、离子或者气态的氢 |
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| BRPI0916898A2 (pt) | 2015-08-18 |
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| GB2462642A (en) | 2010-02-17 |
| EP2321420A2 (en) | 2011-05-18 |
| GB0814912D0 (en) | 2008-09-24 |
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