CN102186894A - 用于涂布、胶合和连接矿物表面的方法 - Google Patents
用于涂布、胶合和连接矿物表面的方法 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102186894A CN102186894A CN2009801414139A CN200980141413A CN102186894A CN 102186894 A CN102186894 A CN 102186894A CN 2009801414139 A CN2009801414139 A CN 2009801414139A CN 200980141413 A CN200980141413 A CN 200980141413A CN 102186894 A CN102186894 A CN 102186894A
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- plastic resin
- resin
- amino silane
- urethane
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- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本发明涉及一种用塑料树脂——优选用2-组分塑料树脂——涂布、胶合(adhesive bonding)或连接(binding)矿物材料表面的方法。
堤岸——特别是岸坡——的加固对于调节流动水体而言经常是必要的。在新建筑的情况下,以及特别是在水道和堤坝翻修的情况下,堤岸区域一般也必须加固。
迄今,为了所述翻修的目的,将包含碎石和高品质混凝土的复合材料体预先制造并放在使用的位置。然而,在该方法中,现场修理堤岸中的已破坏区域是不可能的。而且,组成部分一般具有非常高的重量。混凝土的另一个缺点是其缺乏弹性和多孔性。结果,混凝土无法经受住应力并且这些复合物容易松散。
现场修理堤岸破坏区域的一种可能方案包括使用那些施用于岸坡的碎石渣上的硬化焦油制剂或液体混凝土或液体砂浆,所述碎石是待加固的。用该方法,岸坡的加固可在一定时间内实现。然而,特别存在的生态学缺点是酚或其他环境有害的化合物可最终自焦油中释放。
聚氨酯用于用矿物成分制备模制品和用于加固岩层的用途,特别是在采矿中的用途,同样是已知的。在本方法的一个实施方案中,模制品通过将岩石(优选碎石)加入模具中并将聚氨酯的起始组分的液体反应混合物施用于其上而生成。固化后形成的模制品可放置于岸坡上。
WO 2006/134136描述了这样一种方法,其中:在第一步中,将2-组分塑料的液体起始组分与石料在混合装置中混合;并且在第二步中,将该混合物施用于待加固的堤岸部分或至少部分存在于流动水体中的建筑(如支承和建筑构件),或将该混合物引入用于塑料固化的模具中。使用的塑料是这样一种致密的疏水聚氨酯,其可通过将多异氰酸酯与多元醇组分反应获得,其中多元醇组分包含已知于脂肪化学的多元醇和经苯酚改性的芳香烃树脂,优选经苯酚改性的茚-香豆酮树脂。
该方法的一个缺点是只有具有低表面张力和低吸水率的某些类型的石料可胶合。实例有碎石或石灰岩。具有高表面张力和高吸水率的类型的石料(如花岗岩)不能胶合。
WO 2006/134137描述了这样一种方法,其中堤岸、山坡、斜坡或建筑是通过包含环氧树脂和疏松矿物颗粒的复合物加固和固定的。例如,在第一步中,可将环氧树脂的液体起始组分与矿物颗粒在混合装置中混合;并且在第二步中,将该混合物施用于待加固的堤岸部分或至少部分存在于流动水体中的建筑,如支承和建筑构件。此外,该申请教导了将环氧树脂与矿物颗粒的混合物引入到模具中并使该环氧树脂固化。然后将获得的模制品装至待加固的堤岸部分上或至少部分存在于流动水体中的建筑(如支承和建筑构件)上。未描述包含树脂和矿物颗粒的混合物在水下的固化。
建筑的外墙最后会老化。由于环境影响,还由于破坏(如涂鸦),建筑最终变得破旧。因此,在敏感基底上的污垢通常必须在外墙清洗、遗址保护和天然石料的修复区域内移除。至于大的面积,通常是以喷水的方式实现,但优选通过喷砂法实现。为了防止表面的进一步受到快速污染,在喷射之后可将该表面密封。
WO 2007/104659描述了这样一种方法,其中:首先将表面清除污垢,优选通过喷水或特别地为喷砂法,然后将基于脂族多异氰酸酯的致密的疏水聚氨酯施用于表面。使用的聚氨酯的疏水性由向聚氨酯体系的多元醇组分中加入脂肪化学中已知的羟基官能组分而带来。优选地,所述组分还包含经苯酚改性的芳香烃树脂,特别为茚-香豆酮树脂。此外,聚氨酯体系需要用于固化的催化剂,例如胺催化剂或金属催化剂(如基于锡、锌或铋的)。
该方法的一个缺点是基于脂族多异氰酸酯的聚氨酯树脂具有低的强度和机械稳定性。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种用塑料树脂——优选用2-组分塑料树脂——对矿物材料表面涂布、胶合或连接的方法,其通过将该塑料树脂施用于该表面或用该塑料树脂连接该矿物材料的表面并使得该塑料树脂固化(其中该塑料树脂的完全固化也可在水下实现)进行,所述2-组分树脂选自疏水聚氨酯树脂和疏水环氧树脂。具体地,一个目的是提供一种适合用于所有类型矿物的方法,即也可用于具有高的表面张力和吸水率的那些(如花岗岩)。
该目的通过一种用选自疏水聚氨酯树脂和疏水环氧树脂的2-组分塑料树脂对矿物材料表面涂布、胶合或连接的方法实现,其通过将该塑料树脂施用于该表面或用该塑料树脂连接该矿物材料的表面并使得该塑料树脂固化,其中该塑料树脂包含0.01至10重量%的一种或多种通式(I)的羟基-或烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物
其中:
X彼此独立地为OH、CH3、O[CH2]pCH3;
Y为[CH2]t、[CH2]rNH[CH2]s;
R、R’为H、[CH2]tCH3;
t为0-10;
n为1-3;
p为0-5;
m为4-n;
r、s彼此独立地为1-10,
一般而言,烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物(I)为三羟基-、二烷氧基-或三烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物。优选的烷氧基X为甲氧基和乙氧基。氨基基团应当是与异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的氨基基团,即伯氨基基团或仲氨基基团。优选的烷基R为氢、甲基和乙基。
烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物(I)优选为三羟基氨基硅烷化合物或三烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物,在式(I)中X=OH或O[CH2]pCH3且p为0或1。
此外,烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物(I)优选为烷氧基二氨基硅烷化合物,在式(I)中,Y为[CH2]rNH[CH2]s且r、s相同或不同并且为1或2。实例有[CH2]3NH[CH2]2、[CH2]2NH[CH2]2、[CH2]NH[CH2]、[CH2]3NH[CH2]3、[CH2CH(CH3)CH2]NH[CH2]2和[CH2]2NH[CH2]3。
特别地,烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物(I)为三烷氧基二氨基硅烷化合物,在式(I)中,X=O[CH2]pCH3(其中p为0或1)且Y为[CH2]rNH[CH2]s且r、s相同或不同并且为1或2。
特别优选的烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物(I)为3-三乙氧基甲硅烷基丙胺、N-(3-三羟基甲硅烷基丙基)乙二胺、N-(3-三甲氧基甲硅烷基丙基)乙二胺和N-(3-甲基二甲氧基甲基甲硅烷基-2-甲基丙基)乙二胺。
2-组分塑料是由液体起始组分制备并固化得到固体塑料。优选地,该塑料是致密的,即它们实际上不包含气孔。与泡沫塑料相比,致密的塑料因较大的机械稳定性而著称。该塑料内可存在气泡并且一般不严重。然而,它们应该尽可能地被最小化。
此外,该塑料是疏水的。结果,该塑料由水而造成的降解被抑制。
在本发明的一个实施方案中,2-组分塑料树脂是聚氨酯树脂,其可通过将多异氰酸酯组分(i)与多元醇组分(ii)混合获得。一般而言,烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物存在于多元醇组分(ii)中。
烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物(I)在聚氨酯树脂中的含量为0.05至80重量%,优选0.075至10重量%,特别是0.01至0.2重量%。
一般而言,烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物(I)使得疏水树脂连接于矿物的疏水表面。连接于矿物表面是由硅烷醇基团造成的,其通过烷氧基氨基硅烷的水解而形成。连接于树脂是由烷氧基氨基硅烷的反应活性氨基基团造成的。
聚氨酯的合成组分是含有游离的异氰酸酯基团的化合物(多异氰酸酯组分(i))和含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的化合物。含有对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团的化合物以下还称作多元醇组分(ii)。对异氰酸酯基团有反应活性的基团特别是羟基基团或氨基基团。
羟基基团是优选的,因为氨基基团反应活性较高并且因此该反应混合物必须快速处理。
可使用的多异氰酸酯(i)为含有至少两个异氰酸酯基团的在室温下为液态的所有那些多异氰酸酯、混合物和预聚物。在本发明的一个实施方案中,使用芳香族多异氰酸酯,特别优选甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)的异构体和二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的异构体,特别是MDI和聚亚苯基聚亚甲基聚异氰酸酯的混合物(粗品MDI)。多异氰酸酯也可改性,例如通过结合异氰脲酸酯基团、特别是通过结合氨基甲酸酯基团实现。最后提及的化合物是通过将多异氰酸酯与低于化学计算量的含有至少两个活性氢原子的化合物反应而制备的,并且通常称作NCO预聚物。它们的NCO含量一般是在2至29重量%的范围内。
在另一个实施方案中,使用脂族多异氰酸酯。优选的脂族多异氰酸酯有六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)和异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)。由于脂族多异氰酸酯具有高挥发性,它们一般以其反应产物的形式使用,特别是以缩二脲、脲基甲酸酯或异氰脲酸酯形式使用。
多元醇组分(ii)包含含有至少两个可与异氰酸酯基团反应的氢原子的非常宽泛的化合物。它们是多官能醇(多元醇)或——较不优选地——多官能胺。
在本发明的方法中,所使用的致密聚氨酯是含有疏水末端(finish)的那些。疏水性可特别通过多元醇组分(ii)中已知于脂肪化学的羟基官能团组分实现。
在一个优选的实施方案中,聚氨酯的多元醇组分(ii)因而包含一种或多种已知于脂肪化学的多元醇。所述已知于脂肪化学的多元醇可由动物或植物脂肪和油获得。
存在大量已知于脂肪化学并且可以已知于脂肪化学的多元醇形式使用的已知羟基官能团组分。实例有:蓖麻油;经羟基基团改性的油如,葡萄籽油、黑種草油(black cummin oil)、南瓜籽油、琉璃苣籽油、大豆油、小麦胚芽油、油菜籽油、向日葵油、花生油、杏仁油(apricot seed oil)、阿月浑子果油(pistachio nut oil)、扁桃仁油、橄榄油、澳洲坚果油(macadamia nut oil)、鳄梨油、沙枣油、芝麻油、榛果油、月见草油、野玫瑰油(wild rose oil)、大麻油、红花油、核桃油;经羟基基团改性并基于以下酸的脂肪酸酯:肉豆蔻脑酸、棕榈油酸、油酸、11-十八碳烯酸、岩芹酸、顺9-二十碳烯酸、芥酸、神经酸、亚油酸、亚麻酸、十八碳四烯酸(stearidonic acid)、花生四烯酸、二十碳五烯酸、鰶油酸和二十二碳六烯酸(cervonic acid)。本文优选使用蓖麻油及其与环氧烷或酮-甲醛树脂的反应产物。最后提及的化合物是例如以名称Desmophen1150由Bayer AG出售。
其他优选使用的已知于脂肪化学的多元醇可通过以下方式获得:环氧化的脂肪酸酯开环同时与醇反应,并且如果合适随后另外发生酯交换反应。羟基基团结合入油和脂肪基本上是通过存在于这些产物中的烯双键的环氧化、接着通过生成的环氧基团与一元醇或多元醇反应而实现。因此,环氧环转化为羟基基团或——对于多官能醇——转化为具有大量OH基团的结构。由于油和脂肪一般为甘油酯,平行的酯交换反应也发生在上述反应过程中。如此获得的化合物优选具有500至1500g/mol范围内的分子量。所述产物是可得的,例如购自Henkel。
多元醇组分优选包含至少50重量%、特别至少75重量%的已知于脂肪化学的多元醇。
在一个特别优选的实施方案中,多元醇组分(ii)还包含——除已知于脂肪化学的多元醇之外——至少一种经苯酚改性的芳香烃树脂,特别为茚-香豆酮树脂。这些聚氨酯及其合成组分具有非常高的疏水性。
优选使用的具有末端苯酚基团的经苯酚改性的芳香烃树脂是经苯酚改性的茚-香豆酮树脂,特别优选芳香烃树脂的工业混合物,特别为包含通式(II)的化合物作为实质成分的那些
经苯酚改性的芳香烃树脂,特别是经苯酚改性的茚-香豆酮树脂,一般具有0.5至5.0重量%的OH含量。
已知于脂肪化学的多元醇和经苯酚改性的芳香烃树脂,特别是茚-香豆酮树脂,优选以100∶1至100∶50的重量比使用。
多元醇组分(ii)优选总共包含至少55重量%、特别是至少80重量%的已知于脂肪化学的多元醇和经苯酚改性的芳香烃树脂。
与所述化合物一起,多元醇组分(ii)可包含具有至少两个活性氢原子的其他化合物。由于其具有高度水解稳定性,优选聚醚醇。它们通过常规的已知方法制备,一般通过环氧烷与H-官能的引发剂的加成反应。相伴使用的聚醚醇优选具有至少为3的官能度,并且至少400mgKOH/g、优选至少600mg KOH/g、特别是在400至1000mg KOH/g范围内的羟基数目。它们的制备是通过一种常规路线由至少三官能的引发剂与环氧烷反应实现。分子中具有至少三个羟基基团的醇可优选用作引发剂,例如甘油、三羟甲基丙烷、季戊四醇、山梨醇或蔗糖。使用的环氧烷优选为环氧丙烷。
聚异氰酸酯组分(i)和多元醇组分(ii)可包含其他常规组分,例如催化剂以及常规助剂和添加剂。特别是,干燥剂(例如沸石)应该加入到反应混合物中以避免组分中水的富集并因此避免聚氨酯的发泡。优选将这些物质加入多元醇组分(ii)。为改进该复合物的长期稳定性,加入组合物用于防止微生物的侵袭是进一步有利的。而且,UV稳定剂或颜料的加入对于避免模制品的脆化是有利的。
使用的聚氨酯可基本上在无催化剂的存在下制备。催化剂可相伴使用用于改进固化。选择的催化剂应该优选导致反应时间尽可能长的那些。结果,反应混合物可能长时间维持液体。如上所述,也可能基本上在完全无催化剂时反应。
聚异氰酸酯组分(i)是与多元醇组分(ii)大体上以这样一种比例反应,从而使得异氰酸酯基团相对于可与异氰酸酯基团反应的多元醇组分的那些基团的化学计算量过量为至少5%、优选5至60%。
疏水聚氨酯因特别好的加工性能而著称。例如,这些聚氨酯表现出特别好的粘附性,特别是对于潮湿的基底,如湿润的岩石(特别是花岗岩碎石)。尽管存在水,聚氨酯仍固化以实际上得到致密的产物。使用的致密聚氨酯甚至在薄层中表现出完全致密固化。
因此,聚氨酯——优选基于上述芳香族多异氰酸酯的聚氨酯——是明显适合用于加固岸坡,特别为水坝和堤坝。岩石和聚氨酯之间的连接是非常强的。此外,尤其是使用极具疏水性的聚氨酯时,几乎不存在聚氨酯的水解降解并且因此通过本发明的方法加固的岸坡具有非常长的耐久性。
用于涂布表面的聚氨酯优选为致密且透明的,以避免表面的可见损伤,特别对于建筑物的正面。为了相同原因,基于脂族多异氰酸酯的聚氨酯优选用于此目的,因为相对于基于芳香族聚异氰酸酯的聚氨酯它们最终不变黄。
在本发明的另一个实施方案中,2-组分塑料树脂是可通过将包含环氧基团的疏水组分(i)和固化组分(ii)混合而获得的环氧树脂。一般而言,烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物存在于固化组分(ii)中。
烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物(I)在环氧树脂中的含量为0.05至10重量%,优选0.075至1重量%并且特别是0.1至0.5重量%。
优选使用的包含环氧基团的化合物是具有至少两个环氧基团并且在室温下为液态的化合物。也可能使用包含环氧基团的不同化合物的混合物。优选地,这些化合物是疏水的或者所述包含至少一种疏水的含环氧基团的化合物。所述疏水化合物例如通过双酚A或双酚F与氯甲基代氧丙环的缩合反应而获得。这些化合物可单独或以混合物形式使用。
在一个实施方案中,使用含环氧基团的上述疏水化合物与含环氧基团的可自乳化的亲水化合物的混合物。这些亲水化合物是通过将亲水基团引入含环氧基团的化合物的主链中而获得的。所述化合物及其制备方法公开于例如JP-A-7-206982和JP-A-7-304853。
催化含环氧基团的化合物的均聚反应或者经历与环氧基团或仲醇羟基基团的共价反应的化合物,如聚胺、聚氨基酰胺、酮亚胺、羧酸酐和蜜胺-甲醛、脲-甲醛和苯酚-甲醛加合物,作为固化剂起作用。优选使用酮亚胺,其是可通过将含有伯氨基基团或仲氨基基团的化合物(如二亚乙基三胺、三亚乙基四胺、亚丙基二胺或苯二甲胺)与羰基化合物(如丙酮、甲基乙基酮或异丁基甲基酮)、脂族、脂环族和芳香族聚胺化合物和聚酰胺化合物反应而获得的。酮亚胺或含酮亚胺的相容混合物特别优选用作固化剂。
在固化剂中反应活性基团与环氧基团的比例优选为0.7∶1至1.5∶1,特别优选1.1∶1至1.4∶1。
而且,除了使用的含环氧基团的化合物和固化剂之外,甚至其他的添加剂(如溶剂、活性稀释剂、填充剂和颜料)可在环氧树脂的制备过程中加入。所述添加剂是本领域技术人员已知的。
以下描述使用本发明方法的一些优选领域。
用本发明的方法,疏松矿物颗粒(如石料)可结合得到复合物。可将2-组分塑料的液态塑料或液态起始组分与石料混合;并在第二步中,可将该混合物施用于待加固的堤岸部分或至少部分存在于流动水体中的建筑(如支承和建筑构件),或可将该混合物引入模具中并然后使塑料固化。
含塑料和疏松石料的复合物可通过以下方法生成:
a)将疏松的石料与塑料的液态起始组分在混合器中混合,
b)将该混合物自混合器中排出,
c)将塑料固化。
疏松的石料优选为碎石,特别优选花岗岩碎石。石料具有的尺寸为1至50cm,优选为1至20cm,特别优选为2至15cm,特别是2.5至6.5cm。
可用于将疏松石料与塑料的起始组分混合的混合器原则上是所有类型的混合器,可借助于所述混合器用塑料的液态起始组分将石料基本完全润湿。包括敞口容器(如圆筒)的混合器(优选具有内件)已经被证明是特别合适的。为了进行混合,可使圆筒旋转或可移去内件。
所述混合器是已知的并且例如用于生产混凝土混合物的建筑工业。
在本发明方法的一个实施方案中,石料与塑料的液态起始组分的混合是连续实现的。为此目的,将石料和塑料的液态起始组分连续引入到混合器中并连续排出润湿的石料。在此操作中,必须确保起始材料保持在混合器中直至可发生石料的充分润湿。方便地,所述混合装置可沿着待加固的部分以一定的速度移动,从而使被塑料的液态起始组分润湿的石料以加固所需的量自混合器排出。也可以固定的方式操作连续混合装置,并将自该混合器排出的润湿的石料运送至需要的位置。
在本发明方法的连续配置的另一个实施方案中,混合器可为其中连续加入石料的旋转的圆筒。该圆筒装有将塑料的起始组分连续分布在石料上的喷嘴。本文中,圆筒的旋转确保塑料和石料的充分混合。然后,塑料/石料复合物通过圆筒末端的开口连续排出。旋转圆筒可为水平的或以不同角度倾斜的以便运送排出物。
在连续法的另一个实施方案中,将石料在一个驱动通过通道的传送带上连续运送。传送带具有开口,经此开口使得塑料的起始材料连续排出至石料上。在传送带的末端,石料随后落入开口的混合圆筒中,所述圆筒将复合物以可调节的运送速度排出。
含该复合物的层的厚度优选至少为10cm,这是因为在较小的厚度下机械稳定性经常不足。最大厚度取决于当地的环境并且可为例如最高达5米。
在模制品的生产中,混合后,将疏松石料与塑料的液态起始组分的混合物引入模具中,所述模具优选在顶部开口并且其中塑料发生固化。可将由此所形成的复合材料体施用于堤岸。
用于混合的时间应该为至少使石料用液态混合物尽可能完全润湿并且最长是塑料仍未固化。
也可使用在其表面已经松散附着杂质的石料。由于混合过程中的机械应力,这些杂质自石料的表面移除,并因此可不再不利地影响石料彼此的粘附。
在本发明方法的一个优选的实施方案中,可将砂施用于模制品的表面。为了使砂粘着于表面,砂的施用应该在塑料完全固化之前进行。可使用任何想要的砂。所述砂可为天然砂或合成砂(如粒状熔渣或碎熔渣砂)。在一个优选的实施方案中,使用石英砂。
由砂造成的粗糙表面促进生命形式(如植物和苔藓)在经施用的模制品上的居留。例如当该模制品在自然保护区中施用时,这可能是有利的。
塑料与石料的比例至少选择成能够确保该复合物具有足够的强度。确切的量还取决于,例如,矿物材料的尺寸以及在各自堤岸部分中模制品的厚度和模制品上的应力。
本发明方法的另一个潜在用途是保护至少部分存在于流动水中的建筑免受所谓的地下冲蚀。这理解为意指流动水体的局部加深,特别是河床,一般存在于有强水流的窄河段中,经常也在桥梁支承物处,其中地基由于积滞和由涡流(所谓的对流)而致的随后的尖锐梯度而受到侵袭。在例如对于支承物或桥墩的桥梁支承物、水桥和/或浮桥、海港设施(如浮动码头、固定码头、栈桥或干船坞)、对于码头设施、船屋、岸墙、钻井平台、离岸设施(如风能设施、船舶导航辅助、灯塔或观测台)、水电站、隧道或桩体系中存在相同的效果。
由于复合体的开口缝隙系统可吸收流体动力学能、从而破坏波能或流动能并因此大大地减少地下冲蚀,可避免对建筑的破坏并且可增加支承物和建筑构件的负荷能力。
矿物材料可为在第一步中表面被清洁并在第二步中用2-组分塑料涂布的建筑墙体。
表面优选首先通过喷水或特别是喷砂法除去污垢,然后将本发明的疏水聚氨酯或环氧树脂施用于该表面。
优选使用基于脂族多异氰酸酯的透明致密的疏水聚氨酯。
聚氨酯对表面的施用可以常规的已知方式实现,优选通过在其上喷涂实现。聚氨酯层的厚度优选为0.5mm至1cm,特别是0.5mm至3mm。
本发明的树脂因对矿物表面更好的润湿和更好的粘附而著称。特别是,具有高表面张力的材料(如花岗岩)的表面也被润湿。树脂对矿物表面的水分是不敏感的。此外,附加的催化剂的存在对于固化而言不是绝对必要的。
矿物材料可为建筑、水坝和堤坝的部分,并且这些部分中所存在的裂缝和空洞可用2-组分塑料树脂填充。
例如,本发明的方法可用于稳定水坝和堤坝,水坝和堤坝中存在的裂缝或空洞用疏水聚氨酯填充。
疏水聚氨酯可优选为致密聚氨酯。然而,也可使用密度在200至1000kg/m3范围内的疏水聚氨酯泡沫。在较高密度的情况下,泡沫的机械稳定性经常不再确保。
脂族异氰酸酯,例如六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)或其与自身的反应产物(例如其中结合脲二酮或异氰脲酸酯基团),可用作多异氰酸酯组分(i)。然而,优选使用芳香族多异氰酸酯,特别优选甲苯二异氰酸酯(TDI)的异构体和二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯(MDI)的异构体,特别是MDI和聚亚苯基聚亚甲基聚异氰酸酯的混合物(粗品MDI)。多异氰酸酯也可改性,例如通过结合异氰脲酸酯基团以及特别是通过结合氨基甲酸酯基团改性。最后提及的化合物通过将多异氰酸酯和少于化学计算量的含有至少两个活性氢原子的化合物反应而制备,并且通常称作NCO预聚物。它们的NCO含量一般是在2至29重量%的范围内。
为了翻修破坏的水坝和堤坝,将聚氨酯的液态起始组分(即多异氰酸酯组分(i)和多元醇组分(ii))施用于存在受破坏区域的地方,并在此处固化得到聚氨酯。
在表面破坏的情况下,将聚氨酯的液态起始组分手工施用,经混合头或用喷枪,这取决于所需的量。对于水坝或堤坝内部的空洞填充,可将聚氨酯的液态起始组分引入堤坝的内部,例如用混合头和喷枪。
本发明通过下列实施例更加详细说明。
实施例
多元醇: 已知于脂肪化学并基于蓖麻油的羟基官能团组分,
蓖麻油与酮-甲醛树脂的反应产物,OH数目为
170
异氰酸酯: 聚合的二异氰酸基二苯基甲烷(PMDI)
添加剂1: 硅酮消泡剂
添加剂2: N-(3-(三甲氧基甲硅烷基)丙基)乙二胺
对比实施例
将93重量份的多元醇、6.95重量份的沸石干燥剂、50%浓度的蓖麻油和0.05重量份的添加剂1混合得到多元醇组分。将83.7重量份的异氰酸酯加入到该制备的多元醇组分中,并将组分充分混合。由组分的混合物制得2mm的片,以分析Shore-D、断裂延伸率、抗拉强度和玻璃转化温度Tg。而且,复合体是由聚氨酯树脂与玄武岩碎石生成的。为此目的,将玄武岩碎石加入到尺寸规格为15cm×15cm×15cm的开口模具中。组分的液态混合物经洒水壶均匀分布在玄武岩碎石上。具有非常长的反应时间的液态反应混合物润湿岩石并渗入整个碎石部位。致密聚氨酯无气泡固化并且与花岗岩碎石产生强的连接。测量的结果总结在表中。
实施例(本发明)
将93重量份的多元醇、6.85重量份的沸石干燥剂、50%浓度的蓖麻油和0.05重量份的添加剂1混合得到多元醇组分。将0.1重量份的添加剂2加入到该混合物中并因此完成多元醇组分。将83.7重量份的异氰酸酯加入到该制备的多元醇组分中,并将组分充分混合。由组分的混合物制得2mm的片,以分析Shore-D、断裂延伸率、抗拉强度和玻璃转化温度Tg。而且,复合体是由聚氨酯树脂与玄武岩碎石生成的。为此目的,将玄武岩碎石加入到尺寸规格为15cm×15cm×15cm的开口模具中。组分的液态混合物经洒水壶均匀分布在玄武岩碎石上。具有非常长的反应时间的液态反应混合物润湿岩石并渗入整个碎石部位。致密聚氨酯无气泡固化并且与花岗岩碎石产生强的连接。测量的结果总结在表中。
1于25℃的温度下达到20000mPas的粘度,用带有根据MV DINB的测量杯和根据MV DIN 53019/ISO 3219的转子的Haake VT 500粘度计测量的
2用于压力特征实验的实验条件:预加重5N,测试速度50mm/分,断流临界负荷(load cut-out threshold)1000N
Claims (11)
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物(Ⅰ)为三羟基氨基硅烷化合物或三烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物,式(I)中X=OH或O[CH2]pCH3且p为0或1。
3.权利要求1或2的方法,其中所述烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物(Ⅰ)为烷氧基二氨基硅烷化合物,式(I)中Y为[CH2]rNH[CH2]s且r、s相同或不同并且为1或2。
4.权利要求1至3中任一项的方法,其中所述2-组分塑料树脂是可通过将多异氰酸酯组分(i)与多元醇组分(ii)混合获得的聚氨酯树脂,烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物存在于多元醇组分(ii)中。
5.权利要求4的方法,其中所述多元醇组分(ii)包含一种或多种已知于脂肪化学并且可自动物或植物脂肪和油获得的多元醇。
6.权利要求5的方法,其中所述多元醇组分(ii)包含经苯酚改性的芳香烃树脂。
7.权利要求1至3中任一项的方法,其中所述2-组分塑料树脂是可通过将包含环氧基团的疏水组分(i)和固化组分(ii)混合而获得的环氧树脂,其中所述烷氧基氨基硅烷化合物存在于固化组分(ii)中。
8.权利要求1至7中任一项的方法,其中所述塑料树脂在水下固化。
9.权利要求1至8中任一项的方法,其中所述矿物材料是疏松的石料,其胶合得到一种复合物。
10.权利要求1至8中任一项的方法,其中所述矿物材料是在第一步中表面被清洁并在第二步中用所述2-组分塑料涂布的建筑墙体。
11.权利要求1至8中任一项的方法,其中所述矿物材料是建筑、水坝和堤坝的部分,并且这些部分中所存在的裂缝和空洞用所述2-组分塑料树脂填充。
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MY156289A (en) | 2016-01-29 |
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US8617346B2 (en) | 2013-12-31 |
WO2010043644A1 (de) | 2010-04-22 |
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