CN102183418A - Device for testing micro-torsion mechanical property of low-dimension material - Google Patents
Device for testing micro-torsion mechanical property of low-dimension material Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a device for testing the micro-torsion mechanical property of a low-dimension material. The device comprises a stander, a force sensor, a micro-torsion sensor, a torsion wire rotation angle measurement component, an upper chuck, a lower chuck, a stepping motor, a three-dimensional translation table, a screw and nut component, a servo controller, an analog-to-digital collection card and a computer system, wherein both ends of a tension wire of the micro-torsion sensor are tensioned and fixed on a bracket and have high rigidity and stability; by replacement of the torsion wire, a measurement range can be adjusted; moreover, the force sensor is arranged at the upper end of the micro-torsion sensor, so that an axial force during torsion test can be detected in real time. In the device, a rotation angle of the torsion wire is measured in a manner of combining a light target and a photoelectric displacement sensor; and compared with a conventional light lever method, the device has a compact structure, high automation degree and high stability. By regulation of the three-dimensional translation table, an upper chucking point and a lower chucking point can be aligned. The computer system can obtain a torque-rotation-angle curve of a test sample in real time. The device is applicable to micro-torsion mechanical property of the low-dimension material.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind ofly, belong to microscale material mechanical performance precision measurement field the little device that reverses Mechanics Performance Testing of low-dimensional materials such as fiber, film.
Background technology
Microelectromechanical systems (Micro-electromechanical Systems, MEMS) be collection sensing, information processing and the integrated micro-system that is executed in one, be widely used in acceleration transducer, inertia, pressure transducer, microjet, mass data storage system and miniature biochemical analysis equipment etc., application is also in continuous expansion.The low-dimensional materials such as silicon fiml, metallic film and various fibers of geometric feature sizes in micron or sub-micrometer scale are adopted in the design of MEMS system and selection in a large number.Therefore, the mechanical behavior of this class material is tested accurately and reliably, not only security and the reliability for MEMS is most important, and for the research of micro nanometer mechanics and material science important science and using value is arranged also.Particularly a large amount of experiments in recent years show, when the characteristic length of the non-homogeneous plastic yield of metal material during in micron or sub-micrometer scale, show strong scale effect.In order to test the mechanical property of micro Nano material, the researchist has designed various little stretchings, micro-indentations and microbend experimental provision.But for little torsion test of low-dimensional materials, owing to face the clamping of measurement such as the sensitivity of torque sensor and stability, corner, sample and to medium problem, the work of this respect stagnates always, corresponding experimental provision also rarely has report.
Little mechanics performance measurement that reverses of low-dimensional materials is as a new problem, at present also perfect without comparison measuring method.(M.T.A Saif and N.C MacDonald such as Sail, Journal of MaterialsResearch 13,3353 (1998) .) utilize micro-processing technology that torsional specimen, actuator and calibration rod etc. are coupling in the MEMS system, the square-section single crystal silicon material that is of a size of 1 μ m * 1 μ m and 1.5 μ m * 1.5 μ m has been carried out little Mechanics Performance Testing of reversing.The problem that this method exists is the demarcation difficulty of driving force, and the small size of sample influences test result, and the range of this device is less.(G.Schiltges such as Schiltges, D.Gsell, and J.Dual, Microsystem technologies 5,22 (1998) .) development torsion device in sample be bonded on the anchor clamps, and be consistent with the axis of torque sensor, the optical lever principle is adopted in the measurement of windup-degree, and the tension of sample is measured by precision balance.Find that by little torsion test the defective that this device exists mainly contains to silicon and nickel sample: the clamping of sample and centering inconvenience, structural stability is poor, torsion wire outer corner measurement assembly complexity, measuring result error is bigger.(N.A.Fleck et al. such as Fleck, Acta Metallurgica et Materialia 42,475 (1994) .) in order to study the scale effect in the little twist process of thin copper wire, built a little torsion test device of filament, this device adopts glass fiber as elasticity of torsion element, the two ends of glass fiber are connected with drive unit with sample respectively, and the torsion angle of sample obtains by two pointers and bevel protractor.Still there be the clamping and the centering inconvenience of sample in this device, and structural stability is poor, and the angle-data reading efficiency hangs down inferior shortcoming.
In sum, little torsion test is as observation low-dimensional materials scale effect and reverse the effective means of mechanical property, and its method of testing is still far from perfect.Therefore, the little mechanics performance testing device that reverses of development low-dimensional materials has important scientific meaning and practical value, also will make bigger contribution for the development that promotes micro nanometer mechanics and MEMS (micro electro mechanical system).
Summary of the invention
The object of the present invention is to provide the little device that reverses Mechanics Performance Testing of a kind of low-dimensional materials, automatically, in real time, accurately measure the torsion curves of low-dimensional materials sample when little reversing such as fiber, film, thereby obtain to characterize the parameter value that low-dimensional materials reverse mechanical property; This device has applied widely, and is highly sensitive, Stability Analysis of Structures, the reliable advantage of measurement result.
The little mechanics performance testing device that reverses of a kind of low-dimensional materials provided by the invention, it is characterized in that this device comprises frame, force transducer, little torque sensor, torsion wire outer corner measurement assembly, upper grip, lower chuck, stepper motor, D translation platform, feed screw nut assembly, servo controller, A/D capture card and computer system; Little torque sensor comprises torsion wire, support, rectangle frame, goes up torsion wire fixed block and following torsion wire fixed block; The torsion wire tensioning is fixed on the support, and the torsion wire fixed block is used at two ends respectively and following torsion wire fixed block compresses, and rectangle frame hangs the middle part of being fixed in torsion wire.
The support of little torque sensor hangs the upper end that is fixed on frame by force transducer, upper grip adopts the mode of fastener to be connected the lower end of rectangle frame, lower chuck is installed on the main shaft of stepper motor, upper grip and lower chuck are used for the clamping sample, stepper motor is placed on the D translation platform, the D translation platform is installed on the feed screw nut assembly, and the feed screw nut assembly is fixed on the bottom of frame.
Described servo controller is electrically connected with stepper motor; The A/D capture card is used for the data acquisition to torsion wire corner and axial tension, and servo controller and A/D capture card all are electrically connected with computer system.
The present invention compared with prior art, have the following advantages and the high-lighting effect: (1) adopts torsion wire as elasticity of torsion element, the torsion wire tensioning is fixed on the support, the rigidity and the stability of system have been improved widely, for robotization, the intelligent measuring of realizing the little moment of torsion of low-dimensional materials are laid a good foundation; The moment of torsion that acts on the sample is directly passed to torsion wire by upper grip and rectangle frame, and no frictional resistance moment is disturbed, and test result is stable more, accurate; By changing the torsion wire of different size, can produce little torque sensor of different ranges, thereby realize the little wide-range of reversing mechanical property of low-dimensional materials is measured.(2) the present invention adopts the displacement δ of non-contact type photoelectricity displacement sensor target surface luminous point, then displacement is converted into the corner of torsion wire, and resolution can be up to 10
-6Rad.Measure corner with traditional optical lever principle and compare, structure is compact more, and automaticity is higher, and stability is better.(3) chuck component all adopts special four-head rope to chew the cylindrical chuck of formula, by regulate the D translation platform with guarantee upper and lower chuck to neutrality.(4) upper grip adopts fastener type to be connected the sample convenient mounting and clamping with rectangle frame.(5) upper end of little torque sensor is fixed with force transducer, and the pre-tension of test samples and the Z in little twist process are to the tension force size in real time.Whole measurement has the characteristics of robotization, real time implementation, intellectuality, high precision, high sensitivity and wide-range, and the apparatus structure compactness, stable performance, and easy and simple to handle, measurement result is reliable, and what be applicable to various low-dimensional materials littlely reverses Mechanics Performance Testing.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is a structural representation of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is a torsion wire outer corner measurement assembly synoptic diagram.
Fig. 3 is the torsion curve figure of copper wire (38 μ m).
Among the figure: the 1-frame; 2-D translation platform; 3-feed screw nut assembly; The 4-stepper motor; The 5-lower chuck; The 6-sample; The 7-upper grip; The 8-support; Torsion wire fixed block under the 9-; The 10-rectangle frame; 11-one dimension translation stage; The 12-photoelectric displacement sensor; The 13-light target; The 14-torsion wire; The last torsion wire fixed block of 15-; The 16-force transducer; The 17-servo controller; The 18-A/D capture card; The 19-computer system; The A-laser beam; B-light target initial position; B '-light target current location; The C-luminous point.
Embodiment
Now in conjunction with the accompanying drawings embodiments of the present invention are described in further detail.
The present invention is based on the quiescent operation principle of torsion balance, but improves in form, has improved the rigidity of structure, has guaranteed good stable.
As shown in Figure 1, apparatus of the present invention comprise frame 1, force transducer 16, little torque sensor, torsion wire outer corner measurement assembly, upper grip 7, lower chuck 5, stepper motor 4, D translation platform 2, feed screw nut assembly 3, servo controller 17, A/D capture card 18 and computer system 19.
Little torque sensor is made up of torsion wire 14, support 8, rectangle frame 10 and upper and lower torsion wire fixed block 15,9; Torsion wire 14 tensionings are fixed on the support 8, and two ends are compressed by torsion wire fixed block 15,9 respectively, and rectangle frame 10 hangs the middle part of being fixed in torsion wire 14.
Torsion wire outer corner measurement assembly is made up of one dimension translation stage 11, photoelectric displacement sensor 12 and light target 13.One dimension translation stage 11 is installed on the side support plate of frame 1, photoelectric displacement sensor 12 is placed on the one dimension translation stage 11, light target 13 is fixed on the junction of rectangle frame 10 and torsion wire 14, and and torsion wire 14 remain on same plane, and light target 13 is facing to the light-emitting window of photoelectric displacement sensor 12, and the emission light beam A of photoelectric displacement sensor 12 is beaten on light target 13.
The support 8 of little torque sensor hangs the upper end that is fixed on frame 1 by force transducer 16, upper grip 7 is connected the lower end of rectangle frame 10, lower chuck 5 is installed on the main shaft of stepper motor 4, clamping sample 6 between the upper and lower chuck 7,5, stepper motor 4 is placed on the D translation platform 2, D translation platform 2 is installed on the feed screw nut assembly 3, and feed screw nut assembly 3 is fixed on the bottom of frame 1.
Described little torque sensor, it is characterized in that the 14 two ends tensionings of flexible member torsion wire are fixed on the support 8, improved the rigidity of system greatly, the moment of torsion that acts on the sample 6 is directly passed to torsion wire 14 by upper grip 7 and rectangle frame 10, no frictional resistance moment is disturbed, and test result is stable, accurate; Described torsion wire outer corner measurement assembly is characterized in that adopting the non-contacting method of optics to measure the corner of torsion wire, and is simple in structure, the resolution height, and wherein the distance between luminous point C and the torsion wire 14 obtains by regulating one dimension translation stage 11 on the target surface 13; Described upper and lower chuck 7,5 is characterized in that all adopting the four-head rope to chew the cylindrical chuck of formula, and is good to neutrality, and wherein upper grip 7 adopts fastener type to be connected the sample convenient mounting and clamping with rectangle frame 10; Described servo controller 17 is used for the motion control to stepper motor 4; A/D capture card 18 is used for the data acquisition to torsion wire 14 corners and axial tension; Computer system 19 is used to finish parameter setting, data analysis and the processing of test macro and the real-time demonstration of torsion curve.
Its step:
(1) according to measurement requirement, the undamaged material sample of intercepting certain-length is done the two ends that liner is pasted sample with soft sill, finishes the making of sample 6.With tweezers with sample holder between upper grip 7 and lower chuck 5, and make it to be in relaxed state.Then, regulate X, the Y direction of D translation platform 2, make upper and lower bite and torsion wire 14 remain on same axis.
(2) sample is applied certain pre-tension, make sample 6 keep stretching.At first coarse adjustment feed screw nut assembly 3 then along Z direction accurate adjustment D translation platform 2, drives stepper motor 4 and lower chuck 5 and moves down, and applies a pre-tension for sample 6, and the size of pre-tension is detected by force transducer 16.
(3) sample 6 is reversed loading, when sample 6 reverses certain angle, torque T in the sample 6, pass to little torque sensor by upper grip 7, the equilibrium position of little torque sensor will deflect under the effect of T, at this moment, will provide a counter torque Tw as the torsion wire 14 of elasticity of torsion element, the system that makes reaches balance again.Go out torsion wire 14 corresponding rotational angle theta with torsion wire outer corner measurement component detection, get the moment of torsion of sample according to equalising torque
T＝T
w＝Kθ ①
In the formula, K is the elasticity of torsion coefficient of torsion wire 14, and θ is the torsion angle of torsion wire 14.Because rectangle frame 10 is divided into l to torsion wire 14
1, l
2Two sections, have according to mechanics of materials knowledge
In the formula, G is the shear modulus of torsion wire 14, and d is the diameter of torsion wire 14.
Described torsion wire outer corner measurement assembly as shown in Figure 2, the initial position B (reference field) of light target 13 is vertical with the laser beam A of photoelectric displacement sensor 12, when driving light target 13, torsion wire 14 turns to B ' time, photoelectric displacement sensor 12 is measured its displacement δ that departs from reference field B, and then the corner of torsion wire 14 is
In the formula, L is that luminous point C on the light target 13 is apart from the distance of torsion wire.
At this moment, the torsion angle of sample 6 is
In the formula,
The corner that applies for 4 pairs of samples 6 of stepper motor.
(4) corner that applies of 4 pairs of samples 6 of the rotational angle theta of torsion wire 14 and stepper motor
Pass to computer system 19 by A/D capture card 18 and servo controller 17 respectively, more 1.～4. according to formula, the torsion curve when computer system 19 just can obtain in real time that sample is little to be reversed.After test finishes, preserve related data, as shown in Figure 3.
Example:
The torsion wire of little torque sensor employing diameter is the pure tungsten silk of 80 μ m in the device, and the length of upper and lower two sections torsion wires is all got 20cm, and its resolution is 0.5 μ Ncm, and range is ± 6000 μ Ncm.The resolution of force transducer is 0.1mN, and measurement range is ± 5N.The resolution of the photoelectric displacement sensor of selecting for use is 1 μ m, and range is ± 15mm to adopt the rotation distance of triangulation target surface.The minimum step angle of the stepper motor of selecting for use is 0.0072 °.The stroke of feed screw nut assembly is 200mm, and the stroke of one dimension translation stage is 20mm, and the stroke of D translation platform X, Y, three directions of Z is all 10mm.
The present invention not only is confined to above-mentioned embodiment; persons skilled in the art are according to content disclosed by the invention; can adopt other multiple embodiment to implement the present invention; therefore; every employing project organization of the present invention and thinking; do some simple designs that change or change, all fall into the scope of protection of the invention.
Claims (2)
1. little mechanics performance testing device that reverses of low-dimensional materials, it is characterized in that this device comprises frame (1), force transducer (16), little torque sensor, torsion wire outer corner measurement assembly, upper grip (7), lower chuck (5), stepper motor (4), D translation platform (2), feed screw nut assembly (3), servo controller (17), A/D capture card (18) and computer system (19); Little torque sensor comprises torsion wire (14), support (8), rectangle frame (10), goes up torsion wire fixed block (15) and following torsion wire fixed block (9); Torsion wire (14) tensioning is fixed on the support (8), and torsion wire fixed block (15) is used at two ends respectively and following torsion wire fixed block (9) compresses, and rectangle frame (10) hangs the middle part of being fixed in torsion wire (14);
The support of little torque sensor (8) hangs the upper end that is fixed on frame (1) by force transducer (16), upper grip (7) adopts the mode of fastener to be connected the lower end of rectangle frame (10), lower chuck (5) is installed on the main shaft of stepper motor (4), upper grip (7) is used for clamping sample (6) with lower chuck (5), stepper motor (4) is placed on the D translation platform (2), D translation platform (2) is installed on the feed screw nut assembly (3), and feed screw nut assembly (3) is fixed on the bottom of frame (1);
Described servo controller (17) is electrically connected with stepper motor (4); A/D capture card (18) is used for the data acquisition to torsion wire (14) corner and axial tension, and servo controller (17) and A/D capture card (18) all are electrically connected with computer system (19).
2. device according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, torsion wire outer corner measurement assembly is by one dimension translation stage (11), photoelectric displacement sensor (12) and light target (13) are formed, one dimension translation stage (11) is installed on the side support plate of frame (1), photoelectric displacement sensor (12) is placed on the one dimension translation stage (11), light target (13) is fixed on the junction of rectangle frame (10) and torsion wire (14), and and torsion wire (14) remain on same plane, and light target (13) is facing to the light-emitting window of photoelectric displacement sensor (12), and the emission light beam A of photoelectric displacement sensor (12) is beaten on light target (13).
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Cited By (11)
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| CN103217342A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-07-24 | 吉林大学 | Micro-torsion testing platform |
| CN103557975A (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2014-02-05 | 上海宝宜威电子有限公司 | Floating torque sensor installing structure |
| CN104729933A (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2015-06-24 | 中国科学院力学研究所 | High-resolution electromagnetic type micro-scale torsion testing machine and testing method thereof |
| CN105067434A (en) * | 2015-08-07 | 2015-11-18 | 江苏通光光缆有限公司 | Device for detecting torsion of single-strand intertwisted armored cable under tension |
| CN105241621A (en) * | 2015-11-13 | 2016-01-13 | 西北工业大学 | Device and method of rigidity measurement of flapping wing ribs |
| CN105716966A (en) * | 2016-02-03 | 2016-06-29 | 南京信息工程大学 | Device for measuring elastic shear modulus of material |
| CN106198254A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-12-07 | 高田（长兴）汽车安全装置有限公司 | Gas generator shell stud detecting tool |
| CN109490101A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-19 | 中国航空综合技术研究所 | Bolt driver slot twisting performance test apparatus and its test method |
| CN113176145A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-27 | 宁波东方电缆股份有限公司 | Cable tension-torsion characteristic testing method based on bending fatigue testing machine |
| CN113203639A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-03 | 华中科技大学 | Torsion testing device for microscale material |
| CN113740180A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Torsion test method for representing multi-stage interface performance between carbon fiber and resin of surface-grown carbon nanomaterial |
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| CN103217342A (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2013-07-24 | 吉林大学 | Micro-torsion testing platform |
| CN103557975A (en) * | 2013-11-05 | 2014-02-05 | 上海宝宜威电子有限公司 | Floating torque sensor installing structure |
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| CN106198254A (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2016-12-07 | 高田（长兴）汽车安全装置有限公司 | Gas generator shell stud detecting tool |
| CN106198254B (en) * | 2016-08-02 | 2019-01-29 | 均胜汽车安全系统（长兴）有限公司 | Gas generator shell stud detecting tool |
| CN109490101A (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2019-03-19 | 中国航空综合技术研究所 | Bolt driver slot twisting performance test apparatus and its test method |
| CN109490101B (en) * | 2018-12-20 | 2023-09-08 | 中国航空综合技术研究所 | Bolt screwing tool groove turning and screwing performance test device and test method thereof |
| CN113203639A (en) * | 2021-04-21 | 2021-08-03 | 华中科技大学 | Torsion testing device for microscale material |
| CN113176145A (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2021-07-27 | 宁波东方电缆股份有限公司 | Cable tension-torsion characteristic testing method based on bending fatigue testing machine |
| CN113740180A (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2021-12-03 | 北京航空航天大学 | Torsion test method for representing multi-stage interface performance between carbon fiber and resin of surface-grown carbon nanomaterial |
| CN113740180B (en) * | 2021-10-18 | 2022-08-02 | 北京航空航天大学 | Torsion test method for representing multi-stage interface performance between carbon fiber and resin of surface-grown carbon nanomaterial |
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