CN102182499B - Hydrofracturing-based method and equipment for diminishing dust and eliminating outburst of coal bed - Google Patents
Hydrofracturing-based method and equipment for diminishing dust and eliminating outburst of coal bed Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a hydrofracturing-based method and hydrofracturing-based equipment for diminishing dust and eliminating outburst of a coal bed. The method comprises the following steps of: firstly, drilling a long hole towards a working surface in a return airway of the coal-excavating working surface, sealing the hole with a hole sealer for hydrofracturing and forming a hydrofractured seam in the coal rock body; secondly, adding sand into a sand mixer and conveying the mixed fluid of water and sand into the hydrofractured seam by using a mud sand pump, wherein thin sand is added first and then thick sand is added; thirdly, connecting a mash gas extracting pipeline to the hydrofractured hole, draining water through negative pressure and extracting mash gas; and finally, removing the mash gas extracting pipeline from the hole sealer, and connecting a static-pressure water-injecting pipeline for performing static-pressure water injection into the coal bed after the hydrofracturing and the mash gas extraction and stopping water injection till the water flows to the position 3 to 5m ahead of the coal wall of the working surface. By employing the expansion of the main hydrofractured seam of the coal bed, the expansion of wing-shaped branched seams and the soaking effect of the absorbed water, the structure of the coal bed is changed, the strength of the coal bed is weakened and the permeability of the coal bed is improved, so the aims of weakening the strength of the coal bed, increasing the permeability of the coal bed, eliminating the outburst and diminishing the dust are achieved.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the method and apparatus of a kind of colliery extinction, especially a kind ofly make coal seam weakening strength, anti-reflection, extinction, subtract causing of dirt and split the method and apparatus that the coal seam subtracts the dirt extinction based on waterpower.
Background technology
Control, the reduction of hard top coal are pressed in the coal mine impact ore deposit, the coal containing methane gas layer is anti-reflection, coal and gas outburst prevention treatment and subtract the major issue that dirt is progress of coal mining always.For overcoming the above problems, existing method action effect is single, can not accomplish impulsion pressure control, the reduction of hard top coal, the coal containing methane gas layer is anti-reflection, coal and gas outburst prevention treatment and subtract the integrated control of dirt.For example traditional gas pumping method is just beaten intensive long drilled holes in coal rock layer, just direct then mash gas extraction, and it is dark and very close to hole, and causes construction loaded down with trivial details, and the extraction effect is very undesirable, effectively integrated control.Also had for example and adopt coal-bed flooding to prevent and treat the method that press in the coal mine impact ore deposit, the water injection pressure effect and not obvious that causes less than normal, it is poorer to subtract the dirt effect.
Summary of the invention
Technical problem: the objective of the invention is to the problem that exists in the prior art; Provide a kind of method simple, easy to operate, controlled good; Safe and reliable, control is pressed in effective coal mine impact ore deposit, the coal containing methane gas layer is anti-reflection, coal and gas outburst prevention treatment and subtract incorporate method and apparatus such as dirt.
Technical scheme: of the present invention causing based on waterpower split the method that the coal seam subtracts the dirt extinction, comprises the steps:
A. according to the required time of punching pressure break, mash gas extraction, the moistening softening process of coal body and the actual fltting speed of work plane, confirm to cause the distance of leading rib when splitting drilling construction;
B. the hole of in coal mining tailentry road, in the work plane coal body, drilling successively, the degree of depth of boring is no less than 1/2 of coal-getter's face length degree, in boring, places high-pressure rubber pipe then, and the installation hole packer carries out sealing of hole apart from hell 8～10 m places;
C. utilize high-pressure pump in boring, to carry out the pulsed high pressure water injection, coal body is carried out waterpower cause and split, make and produce a large amount of hydraulic fracture in the coal body through high-pressure rubber pipe;
D. after waterpower causes and splits completion, in puddle mixer, add fine sand earlier, after add coarse sand, utilize the water sand pump that sand water fluid-mixing is transported in the hydraulic fracture through sand delivering pipeline;
E. after annotating the sand completion, with after the aperture direction moves 2～3m, carrying out sealing of hole once more after the hole packer release, avoid waterpower to cause the influence in crack, the place connects the gas drainage under suction pipeline in the aperture, carries out draining and gas pumping;
F. after gas pumping is accomplished; Pull down the gas pumping pipeline from hole packer; Connect the static pressure water injecting pipeline to waterpower cause split with gas pumping after coal body carry out the static pressure water filling, the aperture water pressure that requires the static pressure water filling is more than or equal to critical pore water pressure and waterpower pad value sum;
G. when coal-face is advanced into distance first boring 3～5m place, stop water filling, accomplishes a waterpower and cause and split the coal seam and subtract the dirt extinction and circulate, repeating step b, c, d, e, f are until the exploitation of the whole coal-face of completion.
The pressure of said pulsed high pressure water injection is 20～30 MPa; Described static pressure water injection pressure is 2～3 MPa.
Cause the equipment that the coal seam subtracts the dirt extinction that splits based on waterpower; Comprise hole packer; Also comprise the high-pressure pump, water sand pump and the puddle mixer that are laid in the return aircourse, be connected with the high-pressure rubber pipe that inserts in the boring on the high-pressure pump, be connected to real-time display monitoring appearance of flow/pressure and pressure-relief valve on the high-pressure rubber pipe; Puddle mixer is provided with water inlet pipe and sand inlet, and puddle mixer is connected with the water sand pump through sand delivering pipeline, is connected to flow detector and pressure-relief valve on the sand delivering pipeline.
Beneficial effect: the present invention can effectively prevent and treat the coal mine impact ore deposit pressure accident in the fracturing scope; Through carrying out gas pumping after the pulsed high pressure water injection pressure break again; And then cause through waterpower and to carry out the static pressure water filling after splitting, compared with present technology, it is effective that coal-bed flooding subtracts dirt; Can remove numerous hidden danger of safety of coal mines in advance, the spontaneous combustion of prevention coal is got angry also has good effect in addition.For the ore deposit press control, the reduction of hard top coal, the coal containing methane gas layer is anti-reflection, aspects such as dirt are given prominence to, subtracted to control coal and gas, result of use is good, the gas pumping amount is remarkable, has the benefit of achieving many things at one stroke.Its technology is simple, and is controlled good, and easy construction is safe and reliable, effective, has practicality widely.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is that of the present invention causing based on waterpower split the coal seam and subtracted dirt extinction method sketch map.
Fig. 2 is that of the present invention causing based on waterpower split the device structure sketch map that the coal seam subtracts the dirt extinction.
Fig. 3 is that of the present invention causing based on waterpower split the principle schematic that the coal seam subtracts dirt extinction method.
Fig. 4 is a coal and rock pore water pressure curve map of the present invention.
Among the figure: the 1-hole packer; The 2-pressure-relief valve; The real-time display monitoring appearance of 3-flow/pressure; The 4-high-pressure rubber pipe; The 5-pressure meter; 6-water sand pump; The 7-flow detector; The 8-puddle mixer; The 8-1-agitator; The 8-2-sand inlet; 9-boring; The 10-coal body; The 11-water inlet pipe; 12-puddle mixer motor; The 13-high-pressure pump; The 14-sand delivering pipeline; 15-water sand pump motor; A-air intake lane; The b-return aircourse; C-tunnel relaxation zone radius; Sealed borehole length when d-gas pumping or static pressure water filling; E-hole packer displacement; The f-sealed borehole length; The g-hydraulic fracture; The h-drilling depth; P-critical pore water pressure; X-causes the distance of leading rib when splitting drilling construction; W-waterpower causes splits hole sealing depth; The v-spacing of wells.
The specific embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the average thickness of certain pit coal layer is 15m, and the hardness in coal seam is 3, and seam inclination is 11 °, and the coal seam buried depth is 550m, and active length is 168m, adopts the top coal caving method to mine, and taking and placing are than 1:2.5, and top board is a sandstone, and the hardness of sandstone is 6.According to the required time of the moistening operation such as softening of punching pressure break, mash gas extraction, coal body and the actual fltting speed of work plane, what confirm to cause leading rib when splitting drilling construction is 20m apart from x; In the tailentry road b apart from base plate 1.5m place along coal body 10 tendencies play the boring 9 that length is 130m; The degree of depth of boring 9 is no less than 1/2 of coal-getter's face length degree; Bore diameter is 75mm; Spacing of wells v is 16m, and the place couples together high-pressure rubber pipe 4 and the real-time display monitoring appearance 3 of flow/pressure in the aperture, carries out flow/pressure and shows monitoring in real time; Waterpower causes that sealing of hole segment length d+ hole packer displacement e+ waterpower causes the sealing of hole degree f when splitting water filling when splitting hole sealing depth=roadway surrounding rock relaxation zone radius c+ mash gas extraction or static pressure water filling; Drawing the hole sealing depth that waterpower causes when splitting is 8～10m; Put into high-pressure rubber pipe 4 in 9 approximately to 1/2 place of hole depth to boring then; And apart from hell 8～10 m places hole packer 1 is installed and is carried out conventional sealing of hole; Inject water under high pressure with high-pressure pump 13 through high-pressure rubber pipe 4 pulsed in boring 9 afterwards, the pressure of pulsed high pressure water injection is 20～30 MPa, when the real-time display monitoring appearance 3 demonstration flows of flow/pressure increase considerably, when pressure reduces significantly; The real-time display monitoring appearance 3 of flow/pressure can feed back to high-pressure pump 13 to order according to the parameter of flow, pressure setting, and high-pressure pump 13 stops water filling.Through high pressure water injection coal and rock 10 is carried out waterpower and cause and split, make and produce a large amount of hydraulic fracture g in the coal and rock 10; After waterpower causes and splits completion; Remove high-pressure rubber pipe 4 from hole packer 1, in boring 9, put into sand delivering pipeline 14 then, through adding fine sand in the puddle mixer 8 earlier; After add coarse sand; Utilize water sand pump 6 that sand water fluid-mixing is transported among the hydraulic fracture g through sand delivering pipeline 14, when the pressure value of pressure meter 5 demonstrations rises sharply, stop to annotate sand.Accomplish and annotate after the sand; Hole packer 1 release, the aperture direction is carried out sealing of hole once more after moving 2～3m; The sealing of hole segment length f of hole packer 1 should be greater than the extension length (extension length universal experience value be 1.5m) of hydraulic fracture in the sealing of hole section, avoids waterpower to cause the influence in crack, and is as shown in Figure 3.The place connects the gas drainage under suction pipeline in the aperture, carries out draining and gas pumping; After gas pumping is accomplished; Pull down the gas pumping pipeline from hole packer 1; Connect the static pressure water injecting pipeline to waterpower cause split with gas pumping after coal body 10 carry out the static pressure water filling, as shown in Figure 4, confirm critical pore water pressure p according to the peak value flex point of coal and rock pore water pressure force curve; Owing in boring, there is the water pressure decay; So need satisfy the static pressure water filling in the water pressure in aperture more than or equal to critical pore water pressure p and waterpower pad value sum, thereby when confirming the static pressure water filling in the water pressure value in aperture, the water pressure value in the aperture during static pressure water filling is generally 2～3 MPa.When coal-face is advanced into the distance boring 3～5m of 9 places, stop water filling, accomplishes a waterpower and cause and split the coal seam and subtract the dirt extinction and circulate.Next boring 9 is played in continuation in work plane coal body 10; Repeat said process, accomplish next waterpower and cause and split the coal seam and subtract dirt extinction circulation, along with the continuous propelling of work plane; The waterpower of accomplishing whole coal-face causes to be split the coal seam and subtracts dirt extinction circulation, finishes until the coal mining of coal-face.Water sand pump 6 is connected with sand delivering pipeline 14 passes hole packer 1 and deliver to boring and annotate sand in 9; After accomplishing notes sand hole packer 1 release is carried out sealing of hole once more after the aperture direction moves 2～3m, connection gas drainage under suction pipeline carries out draining and draws out methane; After gas pumping is accomplished, pull down the gas pumping pipeline from hole packer 1, connect the static pressure water injecting pipeline to waterpower cause split with gas pumping after coal body 10 carry out the static pressure water filling and when coal-face is advanced into the distance boring 3～5m of 9 places, stop water filling.
As shown in Figure 2; The present invention is based on waterpower and cause the equipment that the coal seam subtracts the dirt extinction that splits; Mainly constitute by hole packer 1, the high-pressure pump 13, water sand pump 6 and the puddle mixer 8 that are laid in the b of return aircourse; Be connected with the high-pressure rubber pipe 4 that inserts in the boring 9 on the high-pressure pump 13, be connected to real-time display monitoring appearance 3 of flow/pressure and pressure-relief valve 2 on the high-pressure rubber pipe 4; Puddle mixer 8 mainly is made up of the puddle mixer motor 12 of agitator 8-1, control agitator 8-1, and puddle mixer 8 is provided with water inlet pipe 11 and sand inlet 8-2, on the water inlet pipe 11 by-pass valve control is arranged.Puddle mixer 8 is connected with water sand pump 6 through sand delivering pipeline 14, is connected to flow detector 7 and pressure-relief valve on the sand delivering pipeline 14.Be furnished with water sand pump motor 15 and water sand pump pressure table 5 on the water sand pump 6.
Claims (1)
1. one kind causes based on waterpower and to split the method that the coal seam subtracts the dirt extinction, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:
A. according to the required time of punching pressure break, mash gas extraction, the moistening softening process of coal body and the actual fltting speed of work plane, confirm to cause the distance (x) of leading rib when splitting drilling construction;
B. the hole (9) of in coal mining tailentry road (b), in work plane coal body (10), drilling successively; The degree of depth of boring is no less than 1/2 of coal-face length; In boring, place high-pressure rubber pipe (4) then, and apart from hell 8～10 m places hole packer (1) is installed and is carried out sealing of hole;
C. utilize high-pressure pump (13) to carry out the pulsed high pressure water injection to boring in (9), coal body (10) is carried out waterpower cause and split, make and produce a large amount of hydraulic fracture in the coal body (10) through high-pressure rubber pipe (4);
D. after waterpower causes and splits completion, in puddle mixer (8), add fine sand earlier, after add coarse sand, utilize water sand pump (6) that sand water fluid-mixing is transported in the hydraulic fracture (g) through sand delivering pipeline (14);
E. after annotating the sand completion, with after the aperture direction moves 2～3m, carrying out sealing of hole once more after hole packer (1) release, avoid waterpower to cause the influence in crack, the place connects the gas drainage under suction pipeline in the aperture, carries out draining and gas pumping;
F. after gas pumping is accomplished; Pull down the gas pumping pipeline from hole packer (1); Connect the static pressure water injecting pipeline to waterpower cause split with gas pumping after coal body (10) carry out the static pressure water filling, the aperture water pressure that requires the static pressure water filling is more than or equal to critical pore water pressure (p) and waterpower pad value sum;
G. when coal-face is advanced into distance first boring (9) 3～5m places, stop water filling, accomplishes a waterpower and cause and split the coal seam and subtract the dirt extinction and circulate, repeating step b, c, d, e, f are until the exploitation of the whole coal-face of completion.
2. according to claim 1 causing based on waterpower split the method that the coal seam subtracts the dirt extinction, and it is characterized in that: the pressure of said pulsed high pressure water injection is 20～30 MPa.
3. according to claim 1 causing based on waterpower split the method that the coal seam subtracts the dirt extinction, and it is characterized in that: described static pressure water injection pressure is 2～3 MPa.
One kind realize claim 1,2 or 3 said methods cause the equipment that the coal seam subtracts the dirt extinction that splits based on waterpower; Comprise hole packer (1); It is characterized in that: also comprise the high-pressure pump (13), water sand pump (6) and the puddle mixer (8) that are laid in the return aircourse (b); Be connected with the high-pressure rubber pipe (4) that inserts in the boring (9) on the high-pressure pump (13), be connected to real-time display monitoring appearance of flow/pressure (3) and pressure-relief valve (2) on the high-pressure rubber pipe (4); Puddle mixer (8) is provided with water inlet pipe (11) and sand inlet (8-2), and puddle mixer (8) is connected with water sand pump (6) through sand delivering pipeline (14), is connected to flow detector (7) and pressure-relief valve (2) on the sand delivering pipeline (14).
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