CN101575983A - Directional fracturing permeability improvement outburst elimination method in coal mine and device thereof. - Google Patents
Directional fracturing permeability improvement outburst elimination method in coal mine and device thereof. Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention relates to a directional fracturing method in the coal mine and a fracturing permeability improvement outburst elimination device to ensure the coal-bed gas to release rapidly and continually in the coal mine. The method comprises the following steps: fracturing and drilling a bore on a preparing working face along the dip direction and strike direction of a coal bed, fixing a fracturing hole packer with an outer diameter matching with the pore diameter of a fracturing drilling bore into the fracturing drilling bore; connecting a fluid reservoir with a sand mixing machine, connecting the sand mixing machine with a fracturing pump package, and then connecting the fracturing pump package with the fracturing drilling bore; pumping formation fracturing fluid and proppant into the fracturing drilling bore to fracture the formation and sealing the fracturing drilling at above formation fracturing pressure, and completing directional fracturing permeability improvement outburst elimination in the coal mine, thus ensuring that the coal-bed gas discharges rapidly and continually relatively and solving the problems that drainage in low air permeability coal bed can only influence a limited range and the drainage attenuation period is short, improving the drainage rate by over 50% on primary base, decreasing the coal body dynamic phenomenon after fracturing and reginal stress influenced by fracturing, and having a significant effect for eliminating outburst.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of under coal mine, guarantee coal bed gas (coal mine gas) can be rapidly and the coal mine that continues to discharge under directional fracturing method and the anti-reflection extinction device of pressure break.
Technical background
The coal mine gas disaster is the key factor of the safe and efficient production of restriction coal enterprise always for a long time.From the current situation of the high gas of China and projecting mine gas drainage under suction and coal bed gas (coal mine gas) exploitation, improving pre-pumping rate and shortening the phase of taking out in advance is a difficult problem that needs to be resolved hurrily always.The coal-bearing strata of China has generally all experienced the strong tectonic movement behind the coal-forming, and the cleat system often suffers very havoc, becomes the high ductility structure of hypotonicity, and very big difference is arranged abroad, and gas permeability will be hanged down 2～3 orders of magnitude.Therefore, the major technique obstacle of most regional protrusion-dispelling extractions of restriction China and coal bed gas (coal mine gas) exploitation is the low-permeable in coal seam.
The coal scientific research personnel has carried out extensive studies at the problems referred to above both at home and abroad, successively tested multinomial protrusion-dispelling extraction technical measures, mainly comprised: advance borehole, longhole infusion, hydraulic flushing in hole, hydraulic slotted liner technique, deep hole loosening blasting and Deep-hole Controlled Blasting, stope split boring extraction etc. along lamination.These technical measures are that cost is carried out extraction with intensive cloth hole, high engineering input often, and ubiquity that whole release is abundant inadequately, and the extraction blank tape is bigger, problems such as working procedure complexity.During the pre-gas pumping of coal bed drilling, the fissure zone scope that forms around boring is approximately 2～3 times of boring radius, maximum extraction radius is 3～5m, higher extraction amount still can appear at the extraction initial stage, but very fast decay, free gas is at a distance conciliate gassing because the permeability in original coal seam does not improve, and can not in time add in the boring, cause the very fast sharply decline of extraction amount, the extraction rate is less.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome the deficiencies in the prior art and a kind of gas permeability of coal seam that can strengthen is provided, increase the gas drainage under suction amount, prevent that effectively face gas concentration from transfiniting, directional fracturing method and the anti-reflection extinction device of pressure break under the coal mine of raising driving face extinction effect and driving speed.
For achieving the above object, technical solution of the present invention is achieved in that
The anti-reflection extinction method of directional fracturing under a kind of coal mine is characterized in that:
The first step: in nearest tunnel, distance pressure break target area, along the incline direction in coal seam or move towards the direction pressure break boring of on the preparation face, constructing, the degree of depth in hole is between 50～100m, and the pressure break hole packer instrument that external diameter and pressure break boring aperture are complementary is installed in this pressure break boring;
Second step, protrusion-dispelling air door nearest in tunnel, distance pressure break target area is put fluid reservoir, mulling device and fracturing pump group in addition, fluid reservoir is connected by fluid reservoir liquid outlet and mulling device, the delivery outlet and the fracturing pump group of mulling device are connected, again the output pipe of fracturing pump group are connected to the aperture of pressure break boring; Store fracturing fluid in the fluid reservoir, the mulling device also is connected with the proppant holding vessel, and fracturing fluid and proppant mix in the mulling device after the delivery outlet of mulling device and fracturing pump group are connected;
In the 3rd step, open the fracturing pump group and drain the interior raffinate of pipeline, and the pipeline pressure test leak-detecting is carried out in pressurize;
The 4th step, with the formation fracture pressure that is higher than, in the aperture of pressure break boring, pump into formation breakdown liquid and proppant, with formation breakdown, increase its gas permeability, and around pressure break boring, form stress relaxed area, improve desorption of mash gas speed, carry out sealing of hole by pressure break is holed at last, finish the anti-reflection extinction of directional fracturing under the coal mine.
The bore position of colliery underground fracture and orientation should be determined according to the concrete condition of the existing roadway engineering specifications of target coal seam coal body structure and colliery, complete relatively or developmental phase is to complete layering when the coal body structure, in the time of can in the coal seam, forming complete boring, adopt along the coal bed drilling pressure break, perhaps adopt and from base plate extraction lane or top board extraction lane, face upward or the angle of depression is worn a layer the pressure of the drill and split boring, rock section sealing of hole, pressure break coal seam and rock stratum respectively.
Serious when the coal body structural deterioration, when being difficult to pore-forming, employing is constructed from base plate extraction lane or top board extraction lane and is faced upward or the angle of depression is worn a layer the pressure of the drill and split boring, rock section sealing of hole, pressure break coal seam and rock stratum respectively, perhaps select to split boring, the pressure break roof and floor along lamination along the construction of coal seam roof and floor.
When the target area is that multiple seam is grown the district, the coal body structural deterioration is serious, the coal seam spacing within 20m, construct in base plate extraction lane or the top board extraction lane face upward/angle of depression wears a layer the pressure of the drill and splits boring, and this interlayer is implemented pressure break, the elevation angle of holing is not limit.
In nearest tunnel, distance pressure break target area, be meant driving face and on the group.
Formation breakdown liquid consumption is at 40～80m
3Between and the proppant consumption at 5-10m
3Between.
The anti-reflection extinction device of directional fracturing under a kind of coal mine, comprise and hold of the fracturing fluid fluid reservoir, it is characterized in that: fluid reservoir and mulling device are connected, the mulling device is connected by pipeline and proppant holding vessel, is connected with the fracturing pump group that is connected with the pressure break drilling orifice on the fluid pipeline of mulling device.
The fracturing pump group is connected by pressure duct and pressure break drilling orifice.
The pressure break drilling orifice be provided with keep away the calamity commander compartment in the pressure sensor that is connected of real time data monitoring and recording system.
The present invention is a principle of utilizing the liquid pressure transmission, with the infusion amount 1～2m greater than stratum liquid filter loss
3/ min injects the target area, the inner high pressure that produces in the target area, fracture pressure 18～the 60Mpa that surpasses coal and rock, break coal and rock, produce numerous and extend far man-made fracture, increased the gas current by pass, man-made fracture is linked up the inner numerous primary microfissures in coal seam, increase coal body desorption of mash gas specific area, can increase substantially the gas permeability in coal seam.After the pressure break, the gas that the coal seam parses can waltz through the gas channel migration of pressure break formation to boring, guaranteed that coal bed gas (coal mine gas) rapidly and release relatively enduringly, can solve the short problem of low air permeability coal seam boring extraction influence basin finite sum extraction damped cycle, make the extraction radius increase several times, tens of times, the extraction amount can increase tens of times before than pressure break, the extraction rate improves more than 50% on the original basis, the coal body dynamic phenomenon weakens after the pressure break simultaneously, pressure break influence area stress reduces, and the extinction effect is comparatively remarkable.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is this coal seam pressure break drill holes schematic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 2 splits the drill holes schematic diagram for wearing lamination among the present invention;
Fig. 3 is interlayer pressure break drill holes schematic diagram among the present invention;
Fig. 4 is pressing crack construction view among the present invention;
Fig. 5 is the anti-reflection extinction apparatus structure of directional fracturing schematic diagram under the coal mine among the present invention.
The specific embodiment
As shown in the figure, technical solution of the present invention is carried out as follows:
The first step, in nearest tunnel, distance pressure break target area, promptly pressure break target coal seam air intake lane 11 driving faces and on the group, respectively along coal seam tendency with move towards direction this coal seam of constructing and split boring 1,2 along lamination, the degree of depth is 60m, the pressure break hole packer instrument that external diameter and pressure break boring aperture are complementary is installed in this pressure break boring, promptly is lowered to special-purpose hole packer 9 instruments such as grade of pressure break;
In second step, as shown in Figure 1, protrusion-dispelling air door 8 nearest in tunnel, distance pressure break target area is put fracturing unit 7 in addition, and fracturing unit 7 is connected to the aperture by pressure duct 10; Fracturing unit 7 comprises fluid reservoir 12, mulling device 13 and fracturing pump group 14, fluid reservoir 12 is connected by fluid reservoir liquid outlet and mulling device 13, the delivery outlet and the fracturing pump group 14 of mulling device 13 are connected, again the output pipe of fracturing pump group 14 are connected to the aperture of pressure break boring; Store fracturing fluid in the fluid reservoir 12, mulling device 13 also is connected with proppant holding vessel 16, and fracturing fluid and proppant mix in mulling device 13 after the delivery outlet of mulling device and fracturing pump group 14 are connected;
The 3rd step, open the fracturing pump group and drain the interior raffinate of pipeline, boost to 1.5 times of pipeline voltage withstand class, pressurize 5min carries out the pipeline pressure test leak-detecting;
The 4th step, concrete condition according to the pressure break target area, in the pressing crack construction according to designing program, (the general 16～28Mpa in coal seam, the construction pump pressure of rock stratum general 30～70Mpa) pump into the fracturing fluid and the proppant of stratum some to be higher than formation fracture pressure, with formation breakdown, increase its gas permeability, and around pressure break boring, form stress relaxed area, improve desorption of mash gas speed.
Fracturing fluid and proppant consumption are decided according to stratum and structure actual conditions, general fracturing fluid consumption 50m
3About, proppant consumption 5～10m
3, the both is mixed by the mulling device and at the uniform velocity supplies with the fracturing pump group, reaches when setting consumption, closes pump, surveys instantaneous termination of pumping pressure, by keeping away the real time data monitoring and recording system record pressure changing in the calamity commander compartment 17, waits closing up of cracks; Carry out sand washing, hole flushing, discharge opeing as required; By sealing of hole is carried out in boring to pressure break, construction finishes up, finish the anti-reflection extinction of directional fracturing under the coal mine at last.
When the boring of first step construction pressure break, should determine according to the concrete condition of the existing roadway engineering specifications of target coal seam coal body structure and colliery.Complete relatively or developmental phase is to complete layering when the coal body structure, in the time of can forming complete boring in the coal seam, can also adopt from base plate extraction lane 6 (or top board extraction lane) and face upward/angle of depression layer-through drilling 5 and 4, rock section sealing of hole, pressure break coal seam and rock stratum respectively; Serious when the coal body structural deterioration, when being difficult to pore-forming, can adopt constructs from base plate extraction lane 6 (or top board extraction lane) faces upward/angle of depression layer-through drilling 5 and 4, rock section sealing of hole, pressure break coal seam and rock stratum respectively, can also select to split boring 3, pressure break roof and floor along lamination along the construction of coal seam roof and floor; When the target area is that multiple seam is grown the district, the coal body structural deterioration is serious, the coal seam spacing within 20m, can be from base plate extraction lane 6 in (or top board extraction lane) construction face upward/angle of depression layer-through drilling 4, this interlayer is implemented pressure break, the boring elevation angle is not limit.15 is return airway, and 18 is the coal seam.
The anti-reflection extinction device of directional fracturing under a kind of coal mine, comprise and hold of the fracturing fluid fluid reservoir 12, it is characterized in that: fluid reservoir 12 is connected with mulling device 13, mulling device 13 is connected with storing proppant part 16 by pipeline, is connected with the fracturing pump group 14 that is connected with the pressure break drilling orifice on the fluid pipeline of mulling device 13.
The pressure break drilling orifice be provided with keep away calamity commander compartment 17 in the pressure sensor that is connected of real time data monitoring and recording system.
Claims (9)
1, the anti-reflection extinction method of directional fracturing under a kind of coal mine is characterized in that:
The first step: in nearest tunnel, distance pressure break target area, along the incline direction in coal seam or move towards the direction pressure break boring of on the preparation face, constructing, the degree of depth in hole is between 50～100m, and the pressure break hole packer instrument that external diameter and pressure break boring aperture are complementary is installed in this pressure break boring;
Second step, protrusion-dispelling air door nearest in tunnel, distance pressure break target area is put fluid reservoir, mulling device and fracturing pump group in addition, fluid reservoir is connected by fluid reservoir liquid outlet and mulling device, the delivery outlet and the fracturing pump group of mulling device are connected, again the output pipe of fracturing pump group are connected to the aperture of pressure break boring; Store fracturing fluid in the fluid reservoir, the mulling device also is connected with the proppant holding vessel, and fracturing fluid and proppant mix in the mulling device after the delivery outlet of mulling device and fracturing pump group are connected;
In the 3rd step, open the fracturing pump group and drain the interior raffinate of pipeline, and the pipeline pressure test leak-detecting is carried out in pressurize;
The 4th step, with the formation fracture pressure that is higher than, in the aperture of pressure break boring, pump into formation breakdown liquid and proppant, with formation breakdown, increase its gas permeability, and around pressure break boring, form stress relaxed area, improve desorption of mash gas speed, carry out sealing of hole by pressure break is holed at last, finish the anti-reflection extinction of directional fracturing under the coal mine.
2, the anti-reflection extinction method of directional fracturing under the coal mine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the bore position of colliery underground fracture and orientation should be determined according to the concrete condition of the existing roadway engineering specifications of target coal seam coal body structure and colliery, complete relatively or developmental phase is to complete layering when the coal body structure, in the time of can in the coal seam, forming complete boring, adopt along the coal bed drilling pressure break, perhaps adopt and from base plate extraction lane or top board extraction lane, face upward or the angle of depression is worn a layer the pressure of the drill and split boring, rock section sealing of hole, pressure break coal seam and rock stratum respectively.
3, the anti-reflection extinction method of directional fracturing under the coal mine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: serious when the coal body structural deterioration, when being difficult to pore-forming, employing is constructed from base plate extraction lane or top board extraction lane and is faced upward or the angle of depression is worn a layer the pressure of the drill and split boring, rock section sealing of hole, difference pressure break coal seam and rock stratum, perhaps select to split boring, the pressure break roof and floor along lamination along the construction of coal seam roof and floor.
4, the anti-reflection extinction method of directional fracturing under the coal mine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: when the target area is that multiple seam is grown the district, the coal body structural deterioration is serious, the coal seam spacing is within 20m, construct in base plate extraction lane or the top board extraction lane face upward/angle of depression wears a layer the pressure of the drill and splits boring, this interlayer is implemented pressure break, and the boring elevation angle is not limit.
5, the anti-reflection extinction method of directional fracturing under the coal mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in nearest tunnel, distance pressure break target area, be meant driving face and on the group.
6, the anti-reflection extinction method of directional fracturing under the coal mine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: formation breakdown liquid consumption is at 40～80m
3Between and the proppant consumption at 5-10m
3Between.
7, the anti-reflection extinction device of directional fracturing under a kind of coal mine, comprise and hold of the fracturing fluid fluid reservoir, it is characterized in that: fluid reservoir and mulling device are connected, the mulling device is connected by pipeline and proppant holding vessel, is connected with the fracturing pump group that is connected with the pressure break drilling orifice on the fluid pipeline of mulling device.
8, the anti-reflection extinction device of directional fracturing under the coal mine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the fracturing pump group is connected by pressure duct and pressure break drilling orifice.
9, the anti-reflection extinction device of directional fracturing under the coal mine according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the pressure break drilling orifice be provided with keep away the calamity commander compartment in the pressure sensor that is connected of real time data monitoring and recording system.
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