CN102180991B - Comprehensive utilization method of pumpkin - Google Patents
Comprehensive utilization method of pumpkin Download PDFInfo
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- CN102180991B CN102180991B CN2011100843390A CN201110084339A CN102180991B CN 102180991 B CN102180991 B CN 102180991B CN 2011100843390 A CN2011100843390 A CN 2011100843390A CN 201110084339 A CN201110084339 A CN 201110084339A CN 102180991 B CN102180991 B CN 102180991B
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Abstract
The invention relates to a comprehensive utilization method of a pumpkin. In the method, added amount of substances is based on weight of the pumpkin; and the pumpkin is taken as a raw material for step-by-step extraction to respectively obtain pumpkin polysaccharide, pectin and pumpkin powder by utilizing a biotechnology and a membrane separation technology. The method comprises the following steps: firstly washing and cutting the pumpkin into blocks, removing seeds, pulping, carrying out water extraction at moderate temperature and centrifugal separation, carrying out acid precipitation on the obtained water extract, concentrating the obtained supernate through a nanofiltration membrane, and spray-drying to obtain the polysaccharide; extracting residues after water extraction by utilizing acid water, carrying out centrifugal separation, removing impurities from the obtained supernate through a microfiltration membrane, concentrating the supernate through a nanofiltration membrane, carrying out acid precipitation on the obtained concentrated solution, carrying out centrifugal separation, and freeze-drying the obtained precipitate to obtain the pectin; spray-drying the supernate to obtain the polysaccharide; and mixing the remaining residues and filtered liquor, grinding by a colloid mill and spray-drying to obtain the pumpkin powder. The comprehensive utilization method has the advantages that effective substances of the pumpkin are fully utilized, and process is simple and feasible, thus being applicable to industrialized production.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to utilize biotechnology to the working method that pumpkin carries out intensive processing, relate generally to a kind of method of from pumpkin, extracting squash polyoses, pectin and preparing pumpkin powder.
Background technology
Pumpkin is the plant of Curcurbitaceae Cucurbita, wide, wide in variety, the aboundresources of cultivated area in China, and annual China pumpkin ultimate production accounts for about 30% of Gross World Product up to 2,300,000 tons.Pumpkin contains polysaccharide, pectin, starch, protein, Serlabo, vitamins B, vitamins C and compositions such as calcium, phosphorus, and it is nutritious, and higher edibleness is not only arranged, and very important dietary function is arranged.In recent years; Medical expert, scholar's research experiment both at home and abroad shows; The food pumpkin is treated prostatomegaly in addition, prevents prostate cancer, is prevented and treated arteriosclerosis and stomach mucous membrane ulcer, effect such as the inducing decomposition of calculi, is a kind of ideal natural health care resource of demanding urgently developing.
Polysaccharide is one of the abundantest material of nature content, and its source is very extensive, is present in a large number in plant, animal and the mikrobe (bacterium and fungi).Squash polyoses has abundant active function; Show that according to research squash polyoses has important regulatory role to immunity system; Can not only activating macrophage (among the M), cytotoxic T cell (CTL), T lymphocyte, bone-marrow-derived lymphocyte, nk cell N (K), lymphokine activated killer cell immunocytes such as (ALK); Can also promote cytokine to generate; Complement activation, thus unique effect in the control of antitumor, antiviral (anti-infective) etc., had, also have the effect of reduce fat, lowering blood glucose, removing radical.Therefore, squash polyoses can be widely used in medicine, healthcare products and functional food, has vast market prospect.
Be rich in pectin in the pumpkin, it can reduce the secretion of " stomach presses down many skins " of enteron aisle hormone, and postprandial blood sugar and serum insulin level are descended; Obvious to reducing the plasma cholesterol effect, it significantly descends three phthalidyl glycerine of liver, and the blood fatty acid content obviously reduces; The specific absorption of lipid is descended, also impel the accelerate decompsn of lipid material simultaneously; Also have extremely strong adsorptivity, can bond and eliminate bacterium toxicity and other toxic substance in the body,, therefore have the effect of anti-environmental poisonous substance like heavy metal Pb, Hg and radioelement.
Chinese patent: CN 1624001A " preparation method of squash polyoses " its with pumpkin be prepared into pumpkin powder, again hot water extraction, ethanol sedimentation, washing with alcohol, again add Tricholroacetic Acid, leave standstill, dialysing obtains product; The amount of alcohol that this method needs is bigger, and pectin influences bigger when the alcohol precipitation polysaccharide.CN 101314621A " a kind of squash polyoses and preparation method thereof ", it utilizes hot water extraction, centrifugal, resin column chromatography, concentrates, alcohol precipitation, Tricholroacetic Acid deproteinated, drying, obtain product; When this method was used hot water extraction, solution composition was many, and also relatively thickness can cause very big load to chromatography.
Summary of the invention
The problem and the defective that exist in the above-mentioned document to occur in order overcoming, pumpkin to be utilized more fully, the present invention provides a kind of substep extraction method to extract and utilize the membrane separation technique spissated method that removes the gred.Present method is raw material with the pumpkin, and each useful matter in the comprehensive utilization pumpkin is produced pectin, squash polyoses and pumpkin powder, can not produce secondary pollution and great amount of wastewater in the technological process.
The object of the invention can be realized through following technical proposals:
A kind of method that fully utilizes pumpkin,
A, fresh pumpkin is clean, Semen Cucurbitae is removed in stripping and slicing, pulls an oar with clarifixator again;
B, the crushed pumpkin in a step is added 3～3.5 times of water accounting for pumpkin weight, stirs 0.5～1h down at 35～40 ℃, spinning, with slag repeat again that water is carried, spinning once, merge supernatant twice, it is for use that slag is kept;
C, the supernatant that obtains in the b step is regulated its pH to 3～4, leave standstill 1h, spinning separates into supernatant and slag again;
D, the supernatant in the c step is concentrated through nf membrane, obtain nf membrane liquid concentrator and filtrating;
E, the slag in the b step is added 3～3.5 times of water accounting for pumpkin weight, be 1.5～2 at pH, temperature is under 85～90 ℃ the condition, to stir 1.5～2h, spinning obtains supernatant and slag;
F, with the supernatant that obtains in the e step through the microfiltration membrane removal of impurities, obtain microfiltration membrane liquid concentrator and filtrating;
G, the filtrating that obtains in the f step is concentrated through nf membrane again, obtain nf membrane liquid concentrator and filtrating;
H, the nf membrane liquid concentrator that obtains in the g step is added 40%～50% ethanolic soln carry out alcohol precipitation, leave standstill 1h, centrifugal, obtain freezing shape thing and clear liquid;
I, the shape thing that freezes that obtains in the h step is carried out lyophilize, obtain pectin;
J, again the nf membrane liquid concentrator in clear liquid that obtains in the h step and the d step is merged spraying drying, obtain squash polyoses;
K, with the microfiltration membrane liquid concentrator that obtains in slag that obtains in the nf membrane that obtains in the slag that obtains in the c step, d step filtrating, the e step and the f step; And the nf membrane that obtains in g step filtrating merges; Grind through colloidal mill, spraying drying obtains pumpkin powder again.
Clarifixator among the said step a is in order to break cell walls, is the stripping as much as possible of polysaccharide and pectin.
Regulate pH among the said step c and be for the macromolecular particle thing formation flockss such as Mierocrystalline cellulose and pigment in the solution are come out.
The operational condition of the nf membrane among said steps d and the g is: P=2.5～3MPa, T=40～45 ℃, Q=18～20L/min.
The operational condition of the microfiltration membrane among the said step f is: P=0.2～0.3MPa, T=50～60 ℃, Q=80～90L/min.
Used ethanol is absolute ethyl alcohol among the said step h.
The present invention compares with existing technology, has the following advantages:
The present invention utilizes substep to extract, and has reduced impurity a large amount of in problem that a step extracts the separation difficulty of bringing and the solution to the burden that back facial mask processing brings, and can better isolate pectin and polysaccharide.
The present invention uses membrane separation technique that extracting solution is carried out removal of impurities and concentrates, and its working conditions is gentle, and process does not have chemical reaction, no phase change; And do not bring other impurity into; Guaranteed product gas purity and activity, and its spissated multiple is suitable, can have well practiced thrift the alcoholic acid usage quantity.
The present invention is that raw material is carried out intensive processing with the pumpkin, produces to have high value-added product, makes pumpkin obtain comprehensive utilization, and technology is simple, can not produce secondary pollution and great amount of wastewater, is suitable for suitability for industrialized production.
Embodiment
Below in conjunction with embodiment the present invention is carried out detailed explanation:
Embodiment 1:
With the fresh pumpkin of 50kg, to clean, Semen Cucurbitae is removed in stripping and slicing, making beating; Add entry 150kg, under 35 ℃, stir 0.5h, spinning obtains supernatant and slag, again with slag repeat that water is carried, spinning one time, obtain twice supernatant and slag A; Merge supernatant twice, and its pH value is transferred to 3, leave standstill 1h, recentrifuge separates can obtain supernatant and slag again; The supernatant that this spinning is obtained is at P=2.5MPa, and T=40 ℃, concentrate through nf membrane under the Q=18L/min condition, the liquid concentrator that obtains carries out spraying drying, obtains polysaccharide 0.439kg; Slag A is added 150kg water, be 2 at pH, temperature is under 85 ℃, stirs 1.5h, spinning obtains supernatant and slag; Supernatant at=0.2MPa, T=50 ℃, through the microfiltration membrane removal of impurities, is obtained filtrating under the Q=80L/min condition; To filtrate through P=2.5MPa, T=40 ℃, the nf membrane under the Q=18L/min condition concentrates, and obtains liquid concentrator again; Then liquid concentrator is added 40% ethanolic soln and carries out alcohol precipitation, leave standstill 1h after, spinning obtains freezing shape thing and clear liquid; Freeze the shape thing and adopt lyophilize, obtain pectin 0.625kg; And carrying out spraying drying, supernatant obtains polysaccharide 0.198kg; Other remaining slags grind through colloidal mill with filtrating, carry out spraying drying again, obtain pumpkin powder 6.3kg.
Embodiment 2:
With the fresh pumpkin of 50kg, to clean, Semen Cucurbitae is removed in stripping and slicing, making beating; Add entry 175kg, under 40 ℃, stir 1h, spinning obtains supernatant and slag, again with slag repeat that water is carried, spinning one time, obtain twice supernatant and slag A; Merge supernatant twice, and its pH value is transferred to 4, leave standstill 1h, recentrifuge separates can obtain supernatant and slag again; The supernatant that this spinning is obtained is at P=3MPa, and T=45 ℃, concentrate through nf membrane under the Q=20L/min condition, the liquid concentrator that obtains carries out spraying drying, obtains polysaccharide 0.45kg; Slag A is added 175kg water, be 1.5 at pH, temperature is under 90 ℃, stirs 2h, spinning obtains supernatant and slag; Supernatant at=0.3MPa, T=60 ℃, through the microfiltration membrane removal of impurities, is obtained filtrating under the Q=90L/min condition; To filtrate through P=3MPa, T=45 ℃, the nf membrane under the Q=20L/min condition concentrates, and obtains liquid concentrator again; Then liquid concentrator is added 50% ethanolic soln and carries out alcohol precipitation, leave standstill 1h after, spinning obtains freezing shape thing and clear liquid; Freeze the shape thing and adopt lyophilize, obtain pectin 0.65kg; And carrying out spraying drying, supernatant obtains polysaccharide 0.175kg; Other remaining slags grind through colloidal mill with filtrating, carry out spraying drying again, obtain pumpkin powder 6.225kg.
Claims (3)
1. method that fully utilizes pumpkin is characterized in that carrying out according to the following steps:
A, fresh pumpkin is clean, Semen Cucurbitae is removed in stripping and slicing, pulls an oar with clarifixator again;
B, the crushed pumpkin in a step is added 3～3.5 times of water accounting for pumpkin weight, stirs 0.5～1h down at 35～40 ℃, spinning, with slag repeat again that water is carried, spinning once, merge supernatant twice, it is for use that slag is kept;
C, the supernatant that obtains in the b step is regulated its pH to 3～4, leave standstill 1h, spinning separates into supernatant and slag again;
D, the supernatant in the c step is concentrated through nf membrane, obtain nf membrane liquid concentrator and filtrating;
E, the slag in the b step is added 3～3.5 times of water accounting for pumpkin weight, be 1.5～2 at pH, temperature is under 85～90 ℃ the condition, to stir 1.5～2h, spinning obtains supernatant and slag;
F, with the supernatant that obtains in the e step through the microfiltration membrane removal of impurities, obtain microfiltration membrane liquid concentrator and filtrating;
G, the filtrating that obtains in the f step is concentrated through nf membrane again, obtain nf membrane liquid concentrator and filtrating;
H, the nf membrane liquid concentrator that obtains in the g step is added 40%～50% ethanolic soln carry out alcohol precipitation, leave standstill 1h, centrifugal, obtain freezing shape thing and clear liquid;
I, the shape thing that freezes that obtains in the h step is carried out lyophilize, obtain pectin;
J, again the nf membrane liquid concentrator in clear liquid and the d step is merged spraying drying, obtain squash polyoses;
K, with the microfiltration membrane liquid concentrator that obtains in slag that obtains in the nf membrane that obtains in the slag that obtains in the c step, d step filtrating, the e step and the f step; And the nf membrane that obtains in g step filtrating merges; Grind through colloidal mill, spraying drying obtains pumpkin powder again.
2. the method for comprehensive utilization pumpkin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the molecular weight cut-off of the nf membrane among said steps d and the g is 800Dal.
3. the method for comprehensive utilization pumpkin according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the aperture of the microfiltration membrane among the said step f is 0.1 micron.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011100843390A CN102180991B (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2011-04-06 | Comprehensive utilization method of pumpkin |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN2011100843390A CN102180991B (en) | 2011-04-06 | 2011-04-06 | Comprehensive utilization method of pumpkin |
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| CN102180991A CN102180991A (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| CN102180991B true CN102180991B (en) | 2012-11-07 |
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Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102875641B (en) * | 2012-10-29 | 2013-12-04 | 东北农业大学 | Method for continuously preparing pumpkin protein, ethanol fuel and dietary fiber |
| CN103980372B (en) * | 2014-04-28 | 2016-04-06 | 南昌大学 | A kind of method simultaneously preparing low viscosity and high viscosity plantago asiatica linne polyoses |
| CN106832050B (en) * | 2017-02-20 | 2019-08-09 | 湖南华诚生物资源股份有限公司 | The method of pectin is separated from Siraitia grosvenorii production waste residue |
| CN111019990B (en) * | 2018-10-09 | 2023-09-29 | 杏辉天力（杭州）药业有限公司 | Pumpkin seed peptide powder and preparation method and application thereof |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101074269A (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-21 | 徐华民 | Process for separating and extracting cucurbic active polysaccharide |
| CN101220100A (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-16 | 兰州大学 | Separation and purification method for squash polyoses and use of obtained component |
| CN101314621A (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2008-12-03 | 卢照凯 | Squash polysaccharide and preparation method thereof |
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Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101074269A (en) * | 2006-05-18 | 2007-11-21 | 徐华民 | Process for separating and extracting cucurbic active polysaccharide |
| CN101220100A (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-16 | 兰州大学 | Separation and purification method for squash polyoses and use of obtained component |
| CN101314621A (en) * | 2008-07-23 | 2008-12-03 | 卢照凯 | Squash polysaccharide and preparation method thereof |
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Granted publication date: 20121107 Termination date: 20180406 |