CN102180711B - Fertilizer and preparation method thereof - Google Patents
Fertilizer and preparation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102180711B CN102180711B CN 201110107679 CN201110107679A CN102180711B CN 102180711 B CN102180711 B CN 102180711B CN 201110107679 CN201110107679 CN 201110107679 CN 201110107679 A CN201110107679 A CN 201110107679A CN 102180711 B CN102180711 B CN 102180711B
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Abstract
The invention discloses a fertilizer consisting of water hyacinth hay slices and human and livestock urea and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps of: selecting water hyacinth plants, drying in the sun, cutting leaf stalk parts to obtain water hyacinth hay slices, spraying human and livestock urea into the water hyacinth hay slices, fully adsorbing and drying in the sun or drying in the air; repeating the steps until the water hyacinth hay does not have adsorption capacity; and soaking the water hyacinth hay which adsorbs human and livestock urea with water to obtain leachate, diluting the leachate to obtain a fertilizer which can serve as a foliage fertilizer and a soil organic fertilizer and adding remaining water hyacinth hay residues into soil to increase the soil moisture value. By adopting the preparation method, human and livestock urea and water hyacinth which put pressure on the environment are subjected to resource utilization, so that waste is changed into valuable. The obtained fertilizer contains a plurality of rich nutritional ingredients such as natural nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like, is suitable for crop growth, and can be used for enhancing the food health quality and preventing the problems of soil hardening caused by the use of a chemical fertilizer and the like.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of fertilizer and preparation method thereof, be specifically related to fertilizer of a kind of Herba Eichhorniae hay and people and animals' urine composition and preparation method thereof.
Background technology
The Herba Eichhorniae breeding can consume a large amount of dissolved oxygens during growth rapidly, causes water quality deterioration, influences the growth of benthos.The situation that Herba Eichhorniae overflows all appearred in famous water bodys such as Dian Chi, Taihu Lake, Huangpu River and Wuhan East Lake, expended huge fund and also can't effect a radical cure.Because Herba Eichhorniae only at the eutrophic water bulk-growth, therefore is mistaken as elements such as containing abundant nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, can directly prepares fertilizer and be made for the thing growth.In fact, directly doing fertilizer nutrition branch with Herba Eichhorniae, to account for the matrix ratio very little, so fertilizer property is very low.Herba Eichhorniae hay nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium content are approximately 3%, 0.4% and 4%, can not satisfy recommended rate of fertilizer application far away.
Yet drying in the sun Herba Eichhorniae petiole can store a large amount of nutritive ingredients through special processing, such as, total phosphorous reaches as high as 22%, is equivalent to common Rock Phosphate (72Min BPL).Exsiccant Herba Eichhorniae petiole section water-intake rate is 470-700% (state of saturation), and after drying only needs about 6 hours (summer, Exposure to Sunlight), therefore is well suited for preparing efficient organic fertilizer through the nutritive ingredient in the multiple absorption solution.Nitrogen phosphoris and potassium fertilizer ratio meets the plant growth requirement most in people and animals' urine, is thought the fertilizer source that farm crop are best by international fertilizer industry.With fertile sexual element in the exsiccant Herba Eichhorniae petiole section multiple absorption people and animals urine, process spissated solid urine, not only effective constituent good water solubility, fertilizer efficiency height, and convenient transportation and storage.The water hyacinth petiole section that has discharged fertile property is stayed in the soil and can carbon source be provided for the friendly microorganism of soil; Promote to produce sticky matter; Increase the adsorption by soil surface; Improve soil water-retaining, protected fertile and ventilative performance; And the ability of regulating the soil moisture, and prevent problems such as soil compaction because of using chemical fertilizer to produce.
Summary of the invention
The present invention provides fertilizer of a kind of Herba Eichhorniae hay and people and animals' urine composition and preparation method thereof.Not only can the Herba Eichhorniae resource be changed harmful to treasure, and contain elements such as profuse nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, especially be fit to the growth of crop.
To achieve these goals, solution of the present invention is following:
A kind of preparation method of fertilizer comprises the steps:
The first step is selected the Herba Eichhorniae plant, dries back intercepting petiole part, cuts into slices, and obtains the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay;
Second step, go up toward the section of above-mentioned Herba Eichhorniae hay and to spray people and animals' urine, wet through to hay;
In the 3rd step, the Herba Eichhorniae hay section of having adsorbed people and animals' urines is dried or air-dry;
The 4th step, to above-mentioned dry or air-dry after Herba Eichhorniae hay section spray people and animals' urine once more, dry once more after drenched or air-dry; Continue the above spray of repetition urine-drying step, cutting into slices to the Herba Eichhorniae hay no longer possesses adsorptive power;
The 5th goes on foot, and stores for future use after the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay is dried.
Crush storage is subsequent use after also can the Herba Eichhorniae hay section of having adsorbed urine being dried.
In the first step, said tableted mode is for laterally being cut into the long segment of 1～4cm or vertically being cut into the thick thin slice of 1～5mm.
In second step, said Herba Eichhorniae hay section absorption 3～4mL people and animals urine of every 1g initial weight.
In the 4th step, the total co-adsorption 3～180mL people and animals urine of said Herba Eichhorniae hay section of every 1g initial weight.
The present invention also comprises the fertilizer that obtains according to above-mentioned ownership system Preparation Method.
Adopt the fertilizer of the inventive method preparation that elements such as the nitrogen in people and animals' urine, phosphorus, potassium are all had highly significant absorption and fixed action.The gentle atmospheric moisture influence of being bullied of concrete absorption quantity; The grass final weight (dry weight) approximately be initial weight 101%～220% (method of calculation: final weight ÷ initial weight * 100%). initial weight is that the hay of 1 g can obtain total nitrogen 0.02～0.6g from urine; Total phosphorus 0.01～0.4g, potassium 0.00～0.1g.
Herba Eichhorniae petiole inside contains in a large number by the separated air chamber of parenchyma cell.After getting into people and animals' urine moisture evaporation of air chamber, nutritive ingredient just is housed in the air chamber with solid form.Water-intake rate according to the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay calculates that the storage capacity of air chamber can reach 4～8 times of hay own wt.Therefore, with Herba Eichhorniae hay section concentrated urine, can realize enrichment fully to elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the urine.
Spraying in the urine-drying process repeatedly,, but then can can't adsorb the waste that causes urine fully because of hay when being higher than 4ml if people and animals' urine of average every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay section absorption is lower than 3ml then can't covers the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay comprehensively.When the TV of every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay section absorption people and animals urine reaches 180mL, urinated the get damp influence of characteristics of salt, the ability of hay absorption urine is tending towards saturated.
The hay of absorption urine soaked 24 hours through clear water, and the n-p-k element solubility rate on average surpasses 95%.Leach liquor is as liquid fertilizer, and remaining Herba Eichhorniae hay relic is admixed and can be increased soil moisture in the soil value in the soil, can also carbon source be provided for the friendly mikrobe of soil.Foliage fertilizer can be made after the leach liquor dilution, also soil fertilizer can be made.The hay of absorption urine is admixed in the soil by the fertilizer method of use, not only can be increase soil fertility, and help the native entropy of raising, keep soil moisture.Especially be fit to the growth of crop.
Embodiment
Fertilizer that a kind of Herba Eichhorniae hay and people and animals' urine are formed and preparation method thereof.Comprise the steps:
The first step is selected the Herba Eichhorniae plant, dries back intercepting petiole part, laterally be cut into the long segment of 1～4cm or or vertically be cut into the thick thin slice of 1～5mm, obtain the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay;
In second step, sprinkling people and animals urine on the above-mentioned Herba Eichhorniae hay is wet through to hay; At this moment, every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay adsorbable about 3～4mL people and animals urine of cutting into slices;
In the 3rd step, the Herba Eichhorniae petiole section of having adsorbed people and animals' urines is dried or air-dry;
The 4th step, to above-mentioned dry or air-dry after Herba Eichhorniae hay section spray people and animals' urine once more, dry once more after drenched or air-dry; Continue the above spray of repetition urine-drying step, cutting into slices to the Herba Eichhorniae grass no longer possesses adsorptive power;
The 5th step stopped to spray urine, stored for future use after grass is dried; At this moment, initial weight is the 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay adsorbable about 180mL people and animals urine of cutting into slices; The gentle atmospheric moisture influence of being bullied of concrete absorption quantity; The final weight (dry weight) of grass approximately is 101%～220% of an initial weight, from urine, obtains total nitrogen 0.02～0.6g, total phosphorus 0.01～0.4g, potassium 0.00～0.1g.
Crush storage is subsequent use after also can the Herba Eichhorniae hay section of having adsorbed urine being dried.
Adopt aforesaid method to process spissated solid urine, not only effective constituent good water solubility, fertilizer efficiency height, and convenient transportation and storage.The water hyacinth petiole section that has discharged fertile property is stayed in the soil and can carbon source be provided for the friendly microorganism of soil; Promote to produce sticky matter; Increase the adsorption by soil surface; Improve soil water-retaining, protected fertile and ventilative performance; And the ability of regulating the soil moisture, and prevent problems such as soil compaction because of using chemical fertilizer to produce.
Embodiment 1
The method for preparing fertilizer step of being made up of Herba Eichhorniae hay and people and animals' urine is following:
The first step is selected the Herba Eichhorniae plant, dries back intercepting petiole part, laterally be cut into the long segment of 1～4cm or or vertically be cut into the thick thin slice of 1～5mm, obtain the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay;
In second step, sprinkling people and animals urine on the above-mentioned Herba Eichhorniae hay is wet through to hay; At this moment, every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay adsorbable about 3～4mL people and animals urine of cutting into slices; After this a urine is shone in the spray in 4 hours of every interval; Hay is approximately 400%～700% [method of calculation: (saturated weight in wet base-hay initial weight) ÷ hay initial weight * 100%] to the specific absorption of urine when reaching capacity; That is: use the method for spraying continuously, every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay section is adsorbable 4～7mL urine (seeing table one) at most; The time that reaches capacity approximately needs 12 hours;
The weight change of grass when showing the section of a pair of Herba Eichhorniae hay and spraying Freshman urine
*(measure unit: gram):
*More than be three multiple MVs;
*Solution absorption rate (%)=[! Shi Chong – hay initial weight) ÷ hay initial weight] * 100;
* *The saturated absorption rate;
In the 3rd step, the Herba Eichhorniae petiole section of having adsorbed people and animals' urines is dried or air-dry;
The 4th step, to above-mentioned dry or air-dry after Herba Eichhorniae hay section spray people and animals' urine once more, dry once more after drenched or air-dry; Continue the above spray of repetition urine-drying step, cutting into slices to the Herba Eichhorniae grass no longer possesses adsorptive power;
The 5th step stopped to spray urine, stored for future use after grass is dried; At this moment, initial weight is the Herba Eichhorniae hay of 1g maximum adsorbable 180mL people and animals urines of cutting into slices; The time that whole process the needs gentle atmospheric moisture influence of being bullied; The final weight of grass approximately is 220% of an initial weight, can contain total nitrogen 30% at most, total phosphorus 22%, potassium 5%.Thereby can obtain very good fertilizer.
The hay that has adsorbed urine can be used as base manure, is fit to deep placement, row replacement, spreads manuer in holes and wheel is executed.Its advantage is that fertilizer is more concentrated, and soil fixing is few, and at the root zone of crop, the absorbing of favourable crop is so fertilizer efficiency is than higher.Can also increase soil fertility simultaneously, improve native entropy, keep soil moisture, for the friendly mikrobe of soil provides carbon source.
Embodiment 2
The method for preparing fertilizer step of being made up of Herba Eichhorniae hay and people and animals' urine is following:
The first step is selected the Herba Eichhorniae plant, dries back intercepting petiole part, laterally be cut into the long segment of 1～4cm or or vertically be cut into the thick thin slice of 1～5mm, obtain the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay;
In second step, sprinkling people and animals urine on the above-mentioned Herba Eichhorniae hay is wet through to hay; At this moment, every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay adsorbable about 3～4mL people and animals urine of cutting into slices;
In the 3rd step, the Herba Eichhorniae petiole section of having adsorbed people and animals' urines is dried or air-dry;
The 4th step, to above-mentioned dry or air-dry after Herba Eichhorniae hay section spray people and animals' urine once more, dry once more after drenched or air-dry; Continue the above spray of repetition urine-drying step, cutting into slices to the Herba Eichhorniae grass no longer possesses adsorptive power;
The 5th step stopped to spray urine, stored for future use after grass is dried; At this moment, initial weight is the 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay adsorbable about 30～180mL people and animals urine of cutting into slices; The gentle atmospheric moisture influence of being bullied of concrete absorption quantity; The final weight of hay approximately is 140%～220% of an initial weight after the absorption urine; Contain total nitrogen 0.140～0.63g (wherein background total nitrogen 0.028g); Total phosphorus 0.072～0.4g (wherein background total phosphorus 0.0046g), potassium 0.062～0.14g (wherein background potassium 0.039g).
Herba Eichhorniae petiole inside contains in a large number by the separated air chamber of parenchyma cell.After getting into people and animals' urine moisture evaporation of air chamber, nutritive ingredient just is housed in the air chamber with solid form.Saturated water absorption (seeing table two) according to the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay calculates that the absorption of air chamber and storage capacity maximum can reach 6-8 times of hay own wt.Therefore, with Herba Eichhorniae hay section concentrated urine, can realize enrichment fully to elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium in the urine.
The weight change of table two Herba Eichhorniae hay section grass behind distilled water immersion
*(measure unit: gram):
*More than be three multiple MVs;
*Saturated absorption rate (%)=[(saturated Shi Chong – dry weight)/dry weight] * 100.
In repeating sprinkling-drying process,, but then can can't adsorb the waste that causes urine fully because of hay when being higher than 4ml if people and animals' urine of the each absorption of every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay section is lower than 3ml then can't covers the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay comprehensively.When lower the and humidity of temperature is big, when the saturation ratio of every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay section absorption people and animals urine is approximately 30mL; When higher the and humidity of temperature was low, the saturation ratio of every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay section absorption people and animals urine was approximately 180mL; It is the highest that the fertilizer of preparation this moment contains nutrition part.
Because the Herba Eichhorniae hay is high to rate of water absorption, water retention property is good, therefore, the fertilizer that makes is imbedded half dry farm land and not only can be increase soil fertility through ploughing deeply earthing, can also improve the water retention property of soil.
Embodiment 3
The method for preparing fertilizer step of being made up of Herba Eichhorniae hay and people and animals' urine is following:
The first step is selected the Herba Eichhorniae plant, dries back intercepting petiole part, laterally be cut into the long segment of 1～4cm or or vertically be cut into the thick thin slice of 1～5mm, obtain the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay;
In second step, sprinkling people and animals urine on the above-mentioned Herba Eichhorniae hay is wet through to hay; At this moment, every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay adsorbable about 3～4mL people and animals urine of cutting into slices;
In the 3rd step, the Herba Eichhorniae petiole section of having adsorbed people and animals' urines is dried or air-dry;
The 4th step, to above-mentioned dry or air-dry after Herba Eichhorniae hay section spray people and animals' urine once more, dry once more after drenched or air-dry; Continue the above spray of repetition urine-drying step, cutting into slices to the Herba Eichhorniae grass no longer possesses adsorptive power;
The 5th step stopped to spray urine, stored for future use after grass is dried; At this moment, initial weight is the 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay adsorbable about 30～180mL people and animals urine of cutting into slices; The gentle atmospheric moisture influence of being bullied of concrete absorption quantity; The final weight of hay approximately is 140%～220% of an initial weight after the absorption urine; Contain total nitrogen 0.140～0.63g (wherein background total nitrogen 0.028g); Total phosphorus 0.072～0.4g (wherein background total phosphorus 0.0046g), potassium 0.062～0.14g (wherein background potassium 0.039g);
The 6th goes on foot, and crush storage was subsequent use after the Herba Eichhorniae hay section of having adsorbed urine was dried.
The hay of absorption urine soaked 24 hours through clear water, and the n-p-k element solubility rate on average surpasses 95%.Can execute, spray through pouring after the leach liquor dilution, make soil table fertilizer, foliage top dressing and foliage fertilizer and use, remaining Herba Eichhorniae hay relic be admixed and can be increased soil moisture in the soil value in the soil, can also carbon source be provided for the friendly mikrobe of soil.
Embodiment 4
The method for preparing fertilizer step of being made up of Herba Eichhorniae hay and people and animals' urine is following:
The first step is selected the Herba Eichhorniae plant, dries back intercepting petiole part, laterally be cut into the long segment of 1～4cm or or vertically be cut into the thick thin slice of 1～5mm, obtain the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay;
In second step, sprinkling people and animals urine on the above-mentioned Herba Eichhorniae hay is wet through to hay; At this moment, every 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay adsorbable about 3～4mL people and animals urine of cutting into slices;
In the 3rd step, the Herba Eichhorniae petiole section of having adsorbed people and animals' urines is dried or air-dry;
The 4th step, to above-mentioned dry or air-dry after Herba Eichhorniae hay section spray people and animals' urine once more, dry once more after drenched or air-dry; Continue the above spray of repetition urine-drying step, cutting into slices to the Herba Eichhorniae grass no longer possesses adsorptive power;
The 5th step stopped to spray urine, stored for future use after grass is dried; At this moment, initial weight is the 1g Herba Eichhorniae hay adsorbable about 30～180mL people and animals urine of cutting into slices; The gentle atmospheric moisture influence of being bullied of concrete absorption quantity; The final weight of hay approximately is 140%～220% of an initial weight after the absorption urine; Contain total nitrogen 0.140～0.63g (wherein background total nitrogen 0.028g); Total phosphorus 0.072～0.4g (wherein background total phosphorus 0.0046g), potassium 0.062～0.14g (wherein background potassium 0.039g).
Fertilizer clean appearance does not after crushed have obvious peculiar smell, is well suited for gardening, public place greening and family potted plant.The fertilizer that makes was as stated above soaked 24 hours with clear water, and the leach liquor that obtains is as liquid fertilizer, and remaining Herba Eichhorniae hay relic directly is dispersed in treats on the table soil that its natural corruption buries.
The variation that is appreciated that a lot of details is possible, but therefore this do not run counter to scope of the present invention and spirit, and the those of ordinary skill of any affiliated technical field all should be regarded as not breaking away from the category of patent of the present invention to its suitable variation of doing.
Claims (5)
1. the preparation method of a fertilizer is characterized in that, comprises the steps:
The first step is selected the Herba Eichhorniae plant, dries back intercepting petiole part, cuts into slices, and obtains the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay;
Second step, go up toward the section of above-mentioned Herba Eichhorniae hay and to spray people and animals' urine, wet through to hay;
In the 3rd step, the Herba Eichhorniae hay section of having adsorbed people and animals' urines is dried or air-dry;
The 4th step, to above-mentioned dry or air-dry after Herba Eichhorniae hay section spray people and animals' urine once more, dry once more after drenched or air-dry; Continue the above spray of repetition urine-drying step, cutting into slices to the Herba Eichhorniae hay no longer possesses adsorptive power;
The 5th goes on foot, and stores for future use after the section of Herba Eichhorniae hay is dried.
2. the preparation method of a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the first step, said tableted mode is for laterally being cut into the long segment of 1～4cm or vertically being cut into the thick thin slice of 1～5mm.
3. the preparation method of a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in second step, and said Herba Eichhorniae hay section absorption 3～4mL people and animals urine of every 1g initial weight.
4. the preparation method of a kind of fertilizer according to claim 1 is characterized in that: in the 4th step, and the total co-adsorption 3～180mL people and animals urine of said Herba Eichhorniae hay section of every 1g initial weight.
5. fertilizer that obtains according to the described preparation method of one of claim 1～4.
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| CN 201110107679 CN102180711B (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2011-04-28 | Fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN 201110107679 CN102180711B (en) | 2011-04-28 | 2011-04-28 | Fertilizer and preparation method thereof |
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| CN102180711A CN102180711A (en) | 2011-09-14 |
| CN102180711B true CN102180711B (en) | 2012-12-12 |
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| CN103539488B (en) * | 2013-09-29 | 2015-08-05 | 吴岳民 | Bean sprout growth element and manufacture method thereof |
| CN114684974B (en) * | 2022-04-22 | 2023-08-11 | 北京交通大学 | Source separation urine treatment system and method |
Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1218627A (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 1999-06-09 | 杜毓辉 | Method for preparing dry powder of water hyacinth |
| CN1583679A (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2005-02-23 | 尚韬 | Water hyacinth biological manure |
| CN101928159A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2010-12-29 | 浙江大学 | Method for producing organic fertilizer by using water hyacinth |
| CN101928157A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2010-12-29 | 浙江大学 | Process for producing organic liquid fertilizer by degrading water hyacinth by hydrothermal treatment process |
-
2011
- 2011-04-28 CN CN 201110107679 patent/CN102180711B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN1218627A (en) * | 1997-11-27 | 1999-06-09 | 杜毓辉 | Method for preparing dry powder of water hyacinth |
| CN1583679A (en) * | 2004-06-14 | 2005-02-23 | 尚韬 | Water hyacinth biological manure |
| CN101928159A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2010-12-29 | 浙江大学 | Method for producing organic fertilizer by using water hyacinth |
| CN101928157A (en) * | 2010-05-10 | 2010-12-29 | 浙江大学 | Process for producing organic liquid fertilizer by degrading water hyacinth by hydrothermal treatment process |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 根外追肥;苏彦英;《山西农业》;19941231(第7期);全文 * |
| 苏彦英.根外追肥.《山西农业》.1994,(第7期),10-11. |
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