CN102179915A - 用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置 - Google Patents

用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置 Download PDF

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CN102179915A
CN102179915A CN2011100871102A CN201110087110A CN102179915A CN 102179915 A CN102179915 A CN 102179915A CN 2011100871102 A CN2011100871102 A CN 2011100871102A CN 201110087110 A CN201110087110 A CN 201110087110A CN 102179915 A CN102179915 A CN 102179915A
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screw extruder
waste heat
fiber
blanking
order screw
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蒋鼎丰
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Fujian Haiyuan Automatic Machinery Co Ltd
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蒋鼎丰
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Priority to PCT/CN2012/073559 priority patent/WO2012136142A1/zh
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/34—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/38—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/46—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/82—Heating or cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/80—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
    • B29B7/90—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres
    • B29B7/905—Fillers or reinforcements, e.g. fibres with means for pretreatment of the charges or fibres
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/09—Articles with cross-sections having partially or fully enclosed cavities, e.g. pipes or channels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/275—Recovery or reuse of energy or materials
    • B29C48/276—Recovery or reuse of energy or materials of energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/287—Raw material pre-treatment while feeding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/285—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder
    • B29C48/288—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules
    • B29C48/2886—Feeding the extrusion material to the extruder in solid form, e.g. powder or granules of fibrous, filamentary or filling materials, e.g. thin fibrous reinforcements or fillers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/385—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using two or more serially arranged screws in separate barrels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/78—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling
    • B29C48/793—Thermal treatment of the extrusion moulding material or of preformed parts or layers, e.g. by heating or cooling upstream of the plasticising zone, e.g. heating in the hopper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
    • B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
    • B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
    • B29K2105/12—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts of short lengths, e.g. chopped filaments, staple fibres or bristles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置，用于直接在线长纤维增强热塑性复合材料的挤出成型，自第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模挤出的熔体及连续纤维经短切辊切割形成的短切纤维均进入二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口，其特征在于：所述的下料装置为拔风整流预热下料管道，设在所述纤维短切辊的下方，该下料管道通入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口处，且所述的第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模与下料管道相通，二阶螺杆挤出机的余热排入该下料管道内。优点是：不需电预热辊装置减少投资；充分利用余热节省能源；热空气与纤维对流热接触，纤维水分蒸发快；简化工艺；不易产生“架桥”现象；纤维更容易与熔体混合在一起，提高制品强度和质量。

Description

用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置
技术领域
本发明涉及复合材料加工领域，为纤维增强型的热塑性复合材料的挤出成型，尤其涉及一种用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置。
背景技术
LFT（Long Fiber reinforced Thermoplastics），即长纤维增强热塑性材料，所谓的长纤维是与普通纤维增强热塑性材料中所用的纤维相比较而言的。通常情况下，纤维增强热塑性材料中的纤维长度为小于1毫米，而在LFT中，纤维的长度一般大于2毫米，甚至于能够将LFT中的纤维长度保持在5毫米以上。
LFT-D-ILC称为长纤维增强热塑性材料直接在线混配工艺技术（Long Fiber reinforced Thermoplastics－Direct processing－In Line Compounding）。LFT在汽车中的应用呈迅速增长的趋势，除了经济上的吸引力，它们的主要优势是材料可以在其中配混的灵活性。连续可变的纤维含量、不同类型的纤维，再加上工程塑料，打开了潜在的应用领域。
这种直接在线纤维配混系统集成在成型工艺中，常见是采用二阶螺杆挤出机，即由两台螺杆挤出机协同运行完成挤出成型工艺。
热塑性塑料粒料或粉料及其他助剂先从第一阶螺杆挤出机的料斗加入，通过螺杆进行塑化，塑化后的熔融聚合物从第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模处挤出，进入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口。
纤维在进入第二阶螺杆挤出机进料口进行混配之前，通常需对纤维进行加热，一般需将加捻的连续纤维用拨叉铺展开来，经过加热设备的连续几道热辊升温，然后被卷入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口。
经第二阶挤出机剪切、混配挤出的模塑料被输送到压制（或注射）成型设备中，由此设备完成LFT-D-ECM或者LFT-D-IM工艺的成型工作。
对纤维的加热是整个混配成型工艺中关键的步骤之一，尽管采用加热设备会增加投资成本，但若不加热则将带来更加明显的负面影响。
首先，加热能将纤维中水分带走，从而避免其进入熔体而影响制品质量；其次，大量未被预热的冷纤维混入熔体会使熔体温度突然下降，造成粘度增大，不仅会使塑化效果差，而且还不利于混配均匀和浸润充分；再次，由于熔体变冷变稠在螺杆旋转挤出剪切作用下使纤维易于折断，影响制品的最终机械强度和质量。但不可避免的是，传统的热辊加热设备体积大、能耗大、成本高，却又因不能免除这一必备工序给业内人士造成了困扰。
发明内容
本发明所要解决的技术问题在于提供一种用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置，免除或减少了传统加热设备的使用，使能耗成本大大降低。
本发明解决上述技术问题所采取的技术方案是：一种用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置，用于直接在线长纤维增强热塑性复合材料的挤出成型，自第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模挤出的熔体及连续纤维经短切辊切断形成的短切纤维均进入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口，其中，所述的下料装置为拔风整流预热下料管道，设在所述纤维短切辊的下方，该下料管道通入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口处，且所述的第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模与下料管道相通，二阶螺杆挤出机的余热，包括第一阶螺杆挤出机挤出熔体的散发余热和第二阶螺杆挤出机进料口筒体的散发余热，均排入该下料管道内。
本发明充分且集中利用第一阶螺杆挤出机挤出熔体散发的余热和第二阶螺杆挤出机进料口散发的余热，通过定制的拨风整流下料管道产生向上的热空气流与切断下落的纤维流进行对流热接触，这不但可以迅速蒸发纤维的水分，而且能在极短的时间内使纤维温度接近熔体温度达到预热的目的。
在上述方案的基础上，所述的第一阶、第二阶螺杆挤出机可以为单螺杆挤出机也可以为双螺杆挤出机。但采用双螺杆挤出机，混合物各部分性能的均匀程度上要优于单螺杆挤出机。
本发明的有益效果是：
1、不需复杂特殊的电预热辊装置，从而减少投资；
2、充分利用余热，不需要专门的加热源，节省了能源；
3、热空气与纤维对流热接触，热交换充分，纤维水分蒸发快，预热充分；
4、减少了生产工序，简化了生产工艺；
5、由于热空气流对冲纤维使纤维不易产生“架桥”现象；
6、由于预热充分，纤维更容易与熔体混合在一起，分散性、抗折断性和浸润性均大为提高，也提高了制品的强度和质量。
附图说明
图1为本发明的结构示意图。
附图中标号说明
1－第一阶螺杆挤出机        11－挤出口模
2－熔体
3－第二阶螺杆挤出机        31－进料口         32－双螺杆
4－连续纤维　　　　　　  　5－短切纤维
6－下料管道            　　7－纤维短切辊。
具体实施方式
请参阅图1为本发明的结构示意图所示，一种用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置，用于直接在线长纤维增强热塑性复合材料的挤出成型，自第一阶螺杆挤出机1的挤出口模11挤出的熔体2及连续纤维4由纤维短切辊7切断后形成的短切纤维5均进入第二阶螺杆挤出机3的进料口31，在第二阶螺杆挤出机3内经双螺杆31挤出成型，其中，所述的下料装置为拔风整流预热下料管道6，设在所述纤维短切辊7的下方，该下料管道6通入第二阶螺杆挤出机3的进料口31处，且所述的第一阶螺杆挤出机1的挤出口模11与下料管道6相通，第一阶螺杆挤出机挤出熔体2的散发余热和第二阶螺杆挤出机进料口31筒体的散发余热排入该下料管道6内，对短切纤维5进行预热。

Claims (2)

1.一种用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置，用于直接在线长纤维增强热塑性复合材料的挤出成型，自第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模挤出的熔体及连续纤维经短切辊切断形成的短切纤维均进入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口，其特征在于：所述的下料装置为拔风整流预热下料管道，设在所述纤维短切辊的下方，该下料管道通入第二阶螺杆挤出机的进料口处，且所述的第一阶螺杆挤出机的挤出口模与下料管道相通，二阶螺杆挤出机的余热排入该下料管道内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置，其特征在于：所述的第一阶、第二阶螺杆挤出机为单螺杆挤出机或双螺杆挤出机。
CN2011100871102A 2011-04-08 2011-04-08 用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置 Pending CN102179915A (zh)

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CN2011100871102A CN102179915A (zh) 2011-04-08 2011-04-08 用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置
PCT/CN2012/073559 WO2012136142A1 (zh) 2011-04-08 2012-04-06 用二阶螺杆挤出机进出料口余热预热进料纤维的下料装置

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