CN102177106B - 具有改善的抗熔渣性质的耐火材料 - Google Patents
具有改善的抗熔渣性质的耐火材料 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102177106B CN102177106B CN200980141326.3A CN200980141326A CN102177106B CN 102177106 B CN102177106 B CN 102177106B CN 200980141326 A CN200980141326 A CN 200980141326A CN 102177106 B CN102177106 B CN 102177106B
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- Prior art keywords
- protectiveness
- refractory material
- fireproof glass
- refractory
- gasification furnace
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
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- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 92
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011451 fired brick Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052634 enstatite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- BBCCCLINBSELLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Mg+2].O[Si](O)=O BBCCCLINBSELLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- YOEJRTXFELTLAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Zr+4].[O-2].[Cr+3] Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[O-2].[Cr+3] YOEJRTXFELTLAP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007499 fusion processing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 abstract description 8
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- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 15
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 9
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- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000019580 granularity Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000008595 infiltration Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000001764 infiltration Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 description 6
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N tantalum atom Chemical compound [Ta] GUVRBAGPIYLISA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910001507 metal halide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000005309 metal halides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- -1 rare earth silicate Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
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- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
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- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000013032 Hydrocarbon resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052773 Promethium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052775 Thulium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Inorganic materials [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);lanthanum(3+);neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-);phosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[La+3].[Ce+3].[Nd+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000423 chromium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OVKVYXUECKSHEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium(3+) oxygen(2-) zirconium(4+) Chemical compound [O-2].[Zr+4].[Cr+3] OVKVYXUECKSHEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052593 corundum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006270 hydrocarbon resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052809 inorganic oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052590 monazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002105 nanoparticle Substances 0.000 description 1
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
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- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009715 pressure infiltration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 description 1
- VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N promethium atom Chemical compound [Pm] VQMWBBYLQSCNPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011435 rock Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003797 solvolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052596 spinel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
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- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004347 surface barrier Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000019587 texture Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001845 yogo sapphire Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/80—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone of only ceramics
- C04B41/81—Coating or impregnation
- C04B41/85—Coating or impregnation with inorganic materials
- C04B41/86—Glazes; Cold glazes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/009—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone characterised by the material treated
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B41/00—After-treatment of mortars, concrete, artificial stone or ceramics; Treatment of natural stone
- C04B41/45—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements
- C04B41/4505—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application
- C04B41/4535—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied as a solution, emulsion, dispersion or suspension
- C04B41/4539—Coating or impregnating, e.g. injection in masonry, partial coating of green or fired ceramics, organic coating compositions for adhering together two concrete elements characterised by the method of application applied as a solution, emulsion, dispersion or suspension as a emulsion, dispersion or suspension
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
- C10J3/72—Other features
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
- C10J2200/00—Details of gasification apparatus
- C10J2200/09—Mechanical details of gasifiers not otherwise provided for, e.g. sealing means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249954—With chemically effective material or specified gas other than air, N, or carbon dioxide in void-containing component
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249986—Void-containing component contains also a solid fiber or solid particle
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249953—Composite having voids in a component [e.g., porous, cellular, etc.]
- Y10T428/249987—With nonvoid component of specified composition
- Y10T428/24999—Inorganic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249994—Composite having a component wherein a constituent is liquid or is contained within preformed walls [e.g., impregnant-filled, previously void containing component, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/249921—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component
- Y10T428/249994—Composite having a component wherein a constituent is liquid or is contained within preformed walls [e.g., impregnant-filled, previously void containing component, etc.]
- Y10T428/249995—Constituent is in liquid form
- Y10T428/249997—Encapsulated liquid
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
- Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
- Porous Artificial Stone Or Porous Ceramic Products (AREA)
Abstract
一种经处理耐火材料包括多孔耐火材料，所述多孔耐火材料具有一种或多种置于耐火材料的孔内的保护性材料。本发明也提供制备经处理耐火材料的方法。经处理的耐火材料提供炉渣渗透保护，并延长耐火材料的使用寿命。
Description
背景
本发明主要涉及耐火材料，更特别是，涉及具有减小炉渣渗透(slagpenetration)的耐火材料。
煤和其他烃可经过部分燃烧，产生可用作燃料和化学合成所用原料的气体。此气化一般在大炉中进行，这种炉使烃原料经过高温，产生气态反应产物。除了所需的产物外，反应副产物还可能包含废产物，如炉渣。炉渣为无机氧化物的低粘度掺混物，这种掺混物在煤或焦炭部分氧化时在成渣煤气化炉作为副产物产生。炉渣可例如包含二氧化硅、氧化铝、氧化钙和氧化铁。
为了经受反应热，气化炉壁可用能够经受高温的耐火材料衬里。耐火材料一般有很多孔。例如，普通耐火材料为具有高度连通孔结构的烧结砖。这些材料易受气化反应损害。在炉渣副产物沿着气化炉壁流动时，它渗入耐火材料的孔中。此渗入可通过溶解(dissolution)和/或破裂导致耐火材料降解。
由于炉渣渗入，为气化炉衬里的耐火材料可能相对快速地破裂，并且可能需要在气化炉使用寿命期间更换数次。可由体力劳动者进入气化炉并去除损坏的砖，或者在某些情况下去除整个衬里，来更换耐火材料。由于气化炉在很高温度操作，这可能涉及关闭气化炉，并使其冷却数天，直至劳动者可安全进入。就涉及的材料和劳动力而言，耐火材料如此更换一般费用大，并且工作时间损失，因为在更换过程中气化炉数天不能运行。
发明概述
本发明提供一种材料，所述材料包含含结晶相的耐火材料和含非晶相的保护性材料，其中所述保护性材料包括具有大于700℃熔融温度的耐火玻璃。
本发明还提供一种处理耐火材料的方法，所述方法包括将一种或多种保护性材料施加到耐火材料的孔，其中所述保护性材料包括具有大于700℃熔融温度的耐火玻璃。
本发明还提供一种材料，所述材料包含含结晶相的耐火材料和含一种或多种金属化合物的保护性材料，所述金属化合物包含钼、铌、钽或钨。
本发明还提供一种处理耐火材料的方法，所述方法包括将一种或多种保护性材料施加到耐火材料的孔，其中所述保护性材料包括一种或多种含钼、铌、钽或钨的金属化合物。
本发明还提供一种材料，所述材料包含含结晶相的耐火材料和保护性材料，所述保护性材料含一种或多种纯金属、金属卤化物、金属硅化物或金属碳化物。
本发明还提供一种处理耐火材料的方法，所述方法包括将一种或多种保护性材料施加到耐火材料的孔，其中所述保护性材料包括一种或多种纯金属、金属卤化物、金属硅化物或金属碳化物。
附图说明
当参考附图阅读以下详述时，本发明的这些和其他特征、方面和优点将变得更好理解，其中在全部附图中相似的字符代表相似的部件，其中：
图1为根据一个实施方案的示例性煤气化炉的框图；
图2为根据一个实施方案的耐火材料的横截面图；并且
图3为根据一个实施方案的制备耐火材料的方法的流程图。
发明详述
本发明的技术提供经处理材料和制备和使用这些经处理材料的方法。经处理材料适合与气化炉、加热炉或其他高温容器结合使用。在一个实施方案中，可用经处理材料将烃气化炉的反应容器加衬。经处理材料包含保护性材料，所述保护性材料至少部分填充耐火材料中的孔，以防止炉渣渗透，并防止与高温反应相关的其他损害。
经处理的耐火材料使液体炉渣渗透进入气化炉衬里减少到最低限度。在一个实施方案中，在炉渣开始渗透耐火材料的表面孔时，液体炉渣遇到置于孔内的保护性材料。所述液体炉渣与保护性材料反应，产生一个或多个高熔点相或高粘度液体。无论哪种情况，液体炉渣的进一步渗透均受到抑制。产生一个或多个高熔点相减少液相体积，并使炉渣渗入耐火材料减少到最低限度。增加炉渣粘度也抑制更深地渗入耐火材料。在渗透的炉渣使较高熔点相沉淀时，这减少可用于渗入耐火材料的液相炉渣的体积。
在另一个实施方案中，在细的保护性材料颗粒置于耐火材料的孔内时，炉渣可能变得富集于这些材料中，这又会增加液体炉渣的粘度。如此增加的粘度阻止炉渣渗透进入耐火材料。
在另一个实施方案中，通过物理阻止炉渣进入孔内，所述保护性材料使炉渣渗透进入耐火材料减少到最低限度。例如，某些金属及其化合物在炉渣中抗溶解，并通过用占据空间的相对惰性材料填充孔和通道，来降低耐火材料的渗透性，所述空间否则可能被液体炉渣填充。
在另一个实施方案中，经处理耐火材料至少部分自修复。由于耐火材料的孔和通道可能相互高度连通，因此，保护性材料可分散在全部耐火材料。如果去除经处理耐火材料的表面层，就可使孔中的保护性材料暴露，所述孔恰好位于那些表面的下面。因此，此保护性材料就可用于重新形成更新的边界，对抗炉渣的进一步渗透。
在图1所示的示例性实施方案中，经处理材料可与烃气化炉结合使用，如煤气化炉12。煤气化炉12包括围绕反应空间15的经处理材料14的衬里。煤可通过管线16引入气化炉12。通过管线16引入的煤进入气化炉12，并且可以为颗粒或浆料形式。例如，在一个实施方案中，煤管线16也可包括水管线18，用于将煤混入浆料。另外，煤管线16可包括任何合适的混合结构(未显示)，用于将浆料混合到适合技术要求。可分别通过管线20和22将空气、氧气和/或蒸汽引入反应空间15，以提供煤的气化。反应产物，可包含一氧化碳和氢气(即，合成气)，可从气化炉12通过管线24排出。煤的无机成分一般作为熔融炉渣从气化炉12通过管线26排出，所述熔融炉渣随后冷却并固化。
气化炉12可以为任何适合气化炉，包括逆流固定床气化炉、并流固定床气化炉、流化床反应器或气流床气化炉。另外，气化炉可在反应中使用任何适合的碳源，包括煤、石油、生物质和/或木。
在一个实施方案中，图2横截面中所示的经处理材料14包括耐火材料28，所述耐火材料28具有一种或多种置于孔32内的保护性材料30。耐火材料28可包括任何适合的复合材料，所述复合材料可形成适合为气化炉12加衬所需的形状。在一个实施方案中，使耐火材料28形成砖或块。在另一个实施方案中，耐火材料28为烧结砖或原制砖。通过烧制或热处理所述材料到至少约1000℃温度，可烧结耐火材料28。在一个实施方案中，可在约1000℃至约1800℃温度烧制耐火材料28。在一个实施方案中，烧制耐火材料28至少约1小时。在另一个实施方案中，烧制耐火材料28约1小时至约24小时。在另一个实施方案中，烧制耐火材料28约1小时至约5小时。可在空气或在氮气或氩气环境烧结耐火材料28。
耐火材料28可包括氧化铬-氧化铝烧结砖、氧化铬-氧化铝-磷酸盐烧结砖、氧化铬-氧化锆烧结砖或氧化铬-氧化镁烧结砖。例如，适合的耐火砖可以为Aurex90或Aurex95P(Harbison-Walker Refractories Limited，Wirral，UK)。其他适合的耐火砖可包括Zirchrom-90/Zirchrom-900(Saint-Gobain，Savoie Refractaires，Vénissieux Cedex，France)或铬-镁氧尖晶石颗粒。
保护性材料30为与耐火材料28相容的化学物质或化学掺混物，此物质在最高约80atm的典型气化炉操作气压和最高约1300℃至约1600℃的典型气化炉操作温度基本上不分解。保护性材料30可以为阻止炉渣渗透进入耐火材料28的任何类型的材料。
保护性材料30可以粉末形式填充耐火材料28的孔和通道32。粉末可包括微米尺寸的颗粒或纳米尺寸的颗粒。在一个实施方案中，保护性材料30的粒度为约5nm至约200μm。在另一个实施方案中，粒度为约5nm至约100μm。在另一个实施方案中，粉末包括约1μm至约10μm粒度的颗粒。在另一个实施方案中，粒度为约1μm至约2μm。在一个实施方案中，保护性材料30包括纳米尺寸的颗粒。在一个实施方案中，保护性材料30包括约5nm至约100nm粒度的颗粒。在另一个实施方案中，保护性材料30包括约5nm至约10nm粒度的材料。纳米尺寸的粉末可作为胶体溶液施加到耐火材料28，所述胶体溶液的一般固体载量为约10至约50％重量。所述胶体溶液可以为含水悬浮液，并且可包含表面活性剂，以帮助颗粒分散。应认识到，在典型的气化炉条件下，粉末的结构形态可由于烧结改变，一般导致颗粒变粗糙，特别是对于纳米尺寸的粉末。
在一个实施方案中，保护性材料30的量为基于耐火材料28总体积约2至约15％体积。例如，保护性材料30可渗入耐火材料28，以部分填充耐火材料28的孔32。在一个实施方案中，保护性材料30填充约3％至约60％孔体积。在另一个实施方案中，保护性材料30渗入耐火材料28，以填充约20％至约50％孔体积。在一个实施方案中，保护性材料30至少部分涂覆孔32的内表面，并在孔内形成表面阻挡层，以阻止液体炉渣渗入耐火材料。
保护性材料30可包括适合化合物的任何组合。在一个实施方案中，保护性材料30可以为耐火玻璃，该耐火玻璃具有大于气化炉12操作温度的熔融温度，例如，大于700℃。在具体实施方案中，耐火玻璃可具有至少1200℃，至少1300℃，至少1500℃或至少1600℃的熔融温度。适合的耐火玻璃可包括具有顽辉石的耐火玻璃陶瓷，如美国专利号4,687,749所公开，这种玻璃陶瓷能够经受至少1500℃的操作温度。在一个实施方案中，所述耐火玻璃可以为合成炉渣，即，具有相对高熔融温度的化学组成的炉渣。一般在现有技术中，为了促进从气化炉去除，需要炉渣具有尽可能低的熔融温度。根据本发明的技术，合成炉渣可由以下的材料组成：所述材料的特征在于在气化炉的操作温度，在耐火材料上形成结晶结构或尖晶石层。这些材料可包括氧化铬或氧化铝。在一个实施方案中，合成炉渣可包括超过85％的Al2O3，以提供高于2000℃的熔融温度，如美国专利号4,795,491所公开。在另一个实施方案中，合成炉渣可包括稀土硅酸盐。
在另一个实施方案中，保护性材料30可包括一种或多种金属化合物，此类金属化合物包含钼、铌、钽或钨。这些金属化合物可包括钼、铌、钽或钨的一种或多种氧化物或纯金属。以一个氧化态提及任何元素的氧化物包括此元素在所有存在氧化态的氧化物。例如，氧化钨包括W2O3、WO2和WO3。另外，钼、铌、钽或钨化合物可包括纯金属、碳化物、卤化物或硅化物。
在另一个实施方案中，保护性材料30可包括一种或多种纯金属、金属卤化物、金属硅化物或金属碳化物，其中所述金属可以为铝、铬、钛、锆、钇、镁或稀土金属中的一种或多种。稀土金属可包括镧、铈、镨、钕、钷、钐、铕、钆、铽、镝、钬、铒、铥、镱、镥及其混合物。
保护性材料30可通过任何合适的方法施加到耐火材料28。保护性材料30可通过涂漆、喷、浸、涂覆或真空渗透渗入耐火材料28。保护性材料30可以为分散于溶剂，如水、醇或其他类型溶剂中的前体化合物，如盐。在一个实施方案中，保护性材料30可作为前体材料施加到耐火材料28，如硝酸盐或乙酸盐，其可通过处理或加工转化成保护性材料30。在一个实施方案中，保护性材料30作为前体材料的悬浮液、浆料或液体溶液渗入耐火材料28。悬浮液、浆料或液体溶液渗入耐火材料28，从而遍布多孔耐火材料28的孔沉积前体材料。对耐火材料28进行热处理，以使溶剂蒸发或使溶剂分解，留下遍布在耐火材料28的开孔内的保护性材料30。例如，可使稀土硝酸盐渗入耐火材料28，并热处理，以留下位于耐火材料28的孔中的稀土氧化物。在另一个实例中，使稀土碘化物渗入耐火材料28，然后在空气中热处理，以留下位于耐火材料28的孔中的稀土氧化物。热处理使溶剂蒸发或分解可在约100℃至约1800℃温度进行约1小时至约10小时。在另一个实施方案中，热处理在约500℃至约700℃温度进行约1小时至约2小时。在另一个实施方案中，热处理在真空下进行，以帮助溶剂蒸发。
在另一个实施方案中，通过真空渗透使保护性材料30分散进入孔。在一个实施方案中，在真空下放置预成形耐火材料28，如烧结砖或原制砖。使保护性材料30的溶液或悬浮液透入耐火材料28的孔中，并释放真空。在一个备用实施方案中，可首先将耐火材料28浸入悬浮液或溶液，并施加真空。溶液或悬浮液在施加真空时渗入耐火材料28。在释放真空后，不再得到渗透。在另一个实施方案中，通过在大气压渗透使溶液或悬浮液渗入材料中。在一个实施方案中，在金属卤化物渗入耐火材料28时，金属卤化物可在氮气气氛中渗透。或者，金属可作为烃树脂的部分渗透。
可在耐火材料28已安装成气化炉12之前或之后，用保护性材料30处理耐火材料28。在图3所示的一种方法36中，保护性材料30作为最终涂层施加到为气化炉壁衬里的耐火材料28。在一个实施方案中，在步骤38，合成炉渣可作为气化炉12的煤管线20中的输入加入。合成炉渣可以为固态，或者，可以为浆料形式。然后，在步骤40，在超过合成炉渣熔融温度的温度操作气化炉12。例如，气化炉可在超过1300℃温度操作。在此步骤期间，合成炉渣熔融，并渗入耐火材料的孔。一旦合成炉渣涂层施加到耐火材料28，就可在步骤42在煤气化的正常操作温度操作气化炉12。在气化炉12使用寿命期间的某些点，可重复方法36，以在其被磨损时重新施加保护性材料30。在另一个实施方案中，包含某些改性元素的化合物可加入到气化炉进料中，以使所得炉渣组合物改性，并产生耐火炉渣。例如，独居石或氟碳铈镧矿可加入到煤气化炉原料，以原位产生耐火稀土硅酸盐炉渣，而不是加入合成炉渣。
在另一个实施方案中，制备经处理耐火材料的一种方法包括将耐火材料和一种或多种保护性材料30掺混，并烧结掺混物，其中在此实施方案中，所述保护性材料30可包括钼、铌、钽或钨化合物，如氧化物、纯金属、碳化物、卤化物或硅化物。可使耐火材料28和保护性材料30的掺混物形成任何所需形状。在一个实施方案中，使耐火材料28形成砖或块。因此，经处理耐火材料28可以为复合材料形式，该复合材料以非晶相(例如，耐火玻璃)或以结晶第二相(例如，稀土氧化物)含保护性材料30，和以主结晶相含耐火材料28。通过烧制或热处理所述材料到至少约1000℃温度，可烧结耐火材料28和保护性材料30的掺混物。在一个实施方案中，材料在约1000℃至约1800℃温度烧制至少约1小时或约1小时至约24小时。可在空气或在氮气或氩气环境中烧结耐火材料28。
虽然本文只举例说明和描述了本发明的某些特征，但本领域的技术人员会想到很多修改和变化。因此，应理解，所附的权利要求将覆盖落在本发明真实精神内的所有这些修改和变化。
Claims (9)
1.一种材料，所述材料包含：
含结晶相的耐火材料；和
含非晶相的保护性材料，
其中所述保护性材料包括耐火玻璃，该耐火玻璃具有大于700℃的熔融温度，所述保护性材料与液体炉渣反应，产生一个或多个高熔点相或高粘度液体，且其中所述保护性材料置于所述耐火材料的孔内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述耐火玻璃的熔融温度大于1300℃。
3.根据权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述耐火玻璃包括顽辉石。
4.根据权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述耐火材料包括氧化铬-氧化铝烧结砖、氧化铬-氧化铝-磷酸盐烧结砖、氧化铬-氧化锆烧结砖或氧化铬-氧化镁烧结砖。
5.根据权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述保护性材料填充所述耐火材料中3％至60％的孔体积。
6.根据权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述保护性材料包括粉末。
7.根据权利要求1所述的材料，其中所述保护性材料占所述耐火材料2％至15％体积。
8.一种处理耐火材料的方法，所述方法包括：
将一种或多种保护性材料施加到耐火材料的孔，其中所述保护性材料包括耐火玻璃，该耐火玻璃具有大于700℃的熔融温度，所述保护性材料与液体炉渣反应，产生一个或多个高熔点相或高粘度液体，
其中施加所述一种或多种保护性材料包括：
以输入流将所述耐火玻璃或一种或多种耐火玻璃前体化合物提供到气化炉，其中所述耐火材料包括气化炉的衬里；和
在高于所述耐火玻璃熔融温度的温度操作所述气化炉；和
使所述耐火材料和熔融的耐火玻璃冷却到低于耐火玻璃熔点的温度。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述保护性材料作为浆料内的粉末加到输入流。
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US12/191863 | 2008-08-14 | ||
| US12/191,863 US8481152B2 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2008-08-14 | Refractory material with improved resistance to molten slag |
| PCT/US2009/049192 WO2010019323A2 (en) | 2008-08-14 | 2009-06-30 | Refractory material with improved resistance to molten slag |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| CN102177106A CN102177106A (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
| CN102177106B true CN102177106B (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
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| US (1) | US8481152B2 (zh) |
| EP (1) | EP2318327A2 (zh) |
| JP (1) | JP2011530482A (zh) |
| CN (1) | CN102177106B (zh) |
| AU (1) | AU2009282338A1 (zh) |
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| US20090188347A1 (en) * | 2007-03-07 | 2009-07-30 | General Electric Company | Treated refractory material and methods of making |
| US20110033613A1 (en) * | 2009-08-04 | 2011-02-10 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Method and Composition for Protection of Refractory Materials in Aggressive Environments |
| CN102206516A (zh) * | 2010-03-29 | 2011-10-05 | 通用电气公司 | 耐火墙及气化装置和方法 |
| US9598318B1 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2017-03-21 | U.S. Department Of Energy | Chromia refractory brick with carbon treatment |
| DE102013010854A1 (de) * | 2013-06-28 | 2014-12-31 | Refratechnik Holding Gmbh | Feuerfester Versatz und seine Verwendung |
| CN105036715B (zh) * | 2015-07-09 | 2017-12-12 | 山东大东联石油设备有限公司 | 一种铝铬质耐火材料及其制备方法 |
| DE102016220246A1 (de) * | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Keramische Hitzeschilde mit Infiltrationscoating |
| WO2018075680A1 (en) * | 2016-10-18 | 2018-04-26 | Saint-Gobain Ceramics & Plastics, Inc. | Ceramic liner and method of forming |
| FR3075786B1 (fr) * | 2017-12-22 | 2024-04-19 | Saint Gobain Ct Recherches | Produit contenant de l’oxyde de chrome 3 |
| WO2019122196A1 (fr) * | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Saint-Gobain Centre De Recherches Et D'etudes Europeen | Four de verrerie comportant un produit contenant de l'oxyde de chrome 3 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2010019323A3 (en) | 2010-07-22 |
| CN102177106A (zh) | 2011-09-07 |
| CA2733728A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
| US8481152B2 (en) | 2013-07-09 |
| WO2010019323A8 (en) | 2010-09-10 |
| US20100040778A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
| JP2011530482A (ja) | 2011-12-22 |
| AU2009282338A1 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
| EP2318327A2 (en) | 2011-05-11 |
| WO2010019323A2 (en) | 2010-02-18 |
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