CN102164589A - 耐受乙醇影响的非阿片类药物的pH依赖性受控释放的药物组合物 - Google Patents
耐受乙醇影响的非阿片类药物的pH依赖性受控释放的药物组合物 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102164589A CN102164589A CN2008801312249A CN200880131224A CN102164589A CN 102164589 A CN102164589 A CN 102164589A CN 2008801312249 A CN2008801312249 A CN 2008801312249A CN 200880131224 A CN200880131224 A CN 200880131224A CN 102164589 A CN102164589 A CN 102164589A
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Abstract
本发明涉及pH依赖性受控释放的药物组合物,其包含至少一种非阿片类药物的药物活性成分,其中核芯被至少一个控制药物组合物释放的包衣层包衣,其中包衣层包含以下物质的聚合物混合物:i)以聚合物混合物的干重计,40-95重量%的至少一种水不溶性的、实质上中性的烯类聚合物或共聚物,和ii)以聚合物混合物的干重计,5-60重量%的至少一种阴离子聚合物或共聚物,其在低于pH 4.0的缓冲介质中不溶并且至少在pH 7.0到pH 8.0的范围内可溶,特征在于,该包衣层另外含有110-250重量%的非多孔惰性润滑剂、1-35重量%的至少一种中性的纤维素化合物,和1-25重量%的至少一种乳化剂,都是以聚合物混合物的干重计。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及非阿片类药物的pH依赖性受控释放的药物组合物,所述药物具有针对乙醇对活性化合物释放的影响的降低的敏感性。
背景技术
US 2003/0118641A1描述了降低含有可提取的阿片类药物的口服药物形式的滥用可能性的过程。在该过程中,特别地提供了对抗由常用的家用溶剂诸如异丙醇、伏特加酒、白酒醋、热水或过氧化物、在稀醇中的0.01HCl导致的活性化合物提取。建议使用形成基质的聚合物和离子交换材料例如苯乙烯-二乙烯基苯聚合物配制微粉化形式的活性化合物。离子交换材料对于增加对抗活性化合物提取的作用是决定性的。形成基质的聚合物显然充当药物核芯的结构赋予剂。具体说明了用于形成基质的聚合物的可能物质的长名单,该名单中尤其包括聚甲基丙烯酸酯。优选的基质形成剂是C1-C6-羟烷基-纤维素。
US 2004/0052731A1描述了特别适合阿片类活性化合物的药物形式,其将有助于降低由不当给药所带来的滥用可能性。建议将亲脂性活性化合物变体与水不溶性添加剂诸如例如脂肪酸或交联的水溶性多糖组合。
US 2005/0163856A1描述了使用含有羟考酮的药物形式治疗疼痛患者的治疗过程,所述药物形式具有降低由在溶剂中溶出和随后的不当给药所带来的滥用可能性。为此目的,活性化合物应使用选自羟丙基纤维素、羟丙甲基纤维素或羟乙基纤维素的形成基质的聚合物进行配制。
WO 2006/002884A1描述了谨防滥用的口服给药形式,其含有抗断裂性为至少500N的聚合物,特别是聚氧化烯烃。
WO 2006/094083A1描述了具有受控的文拉法辛释放特征的药物形式。为了降低由于添加乙醇所带来的滥用可能性,将活性化合物结合到胶凝交联聚合物例如黄原胶的基质中。可加入另外的疏水性聚合物,尤其是聚甲基丙烯酸酯,作为添加剂。
WO 2006/125483描述了聚合物混合物用于制备有包衣的药物制剂的应用和具有混合聚合物包衣的药物制剂。该聚合物混合物意欲提供改变的释放模式,专用于不同药物成分的特定治疗要求,这些要求不能通过使用标准聚合物得以实现。没有关于乙醇耐受药物形式的指示。在实施例中,描述了用NE与FS以5到50重量%的FS的比率的混合物进行包衣的药物形式。然而在实施例中未使用或者在说明书中没有推荐使用如本发明所用的大量的滑石。包衣的合适的厚度为核芯重量的2-20重量%,比本发明所要求的包衣厚度低得多。
WO 1994/0022431A1描述了含有用于给药的治疗有效量的吗啡的口服药物制剂。其含有至少50个颗粒大小为0.7到1.4毫米的单个颗粒。每个颗粒具有用屏障层包衣的含有吗啡盐的核芯。屏障层含有至少一种选自乙基纤维素、由丙烯酸酯或甲基丙烯酸酯合成的共聚物和天然蜡的水不溶性组分以及增塑剂,用于提供通过包衣屏障层的药物释放,其实质上不依赖于范围为1.0到7.0的pH。在给予单剂所述制剂后的至少12小时期间获得的吗啡的血清浓度是最大血清浓度的至少50%。
US 2007/053698公开了阿片类(包括但不限于氢吗啡酮和羟考酮)的持续释放给药的方法,该方法在与含水的醇的共摄取方面表现出改善的性质。
定义
pH依赖性受控释放的药物组合物
pH依赖性受控释放的药物组合物是指包含药物成分的药物组合物,所述药物成分用药学可接受的成膜聚合物和任选的其它的药学可接受的赋形剂进行配制,其中药物组合物表现出药物成分的pH依赖性受控释放。
除阿片类药物之外的药物活性成分
pH依赖性受控释放的药物组合物包括核芯,包括除阿片类药物之外的至少一种药物活性成分。包含一种或多种阿片类药物(阿片类激动剂)的药物组合物明确地地被排除在本发明之外。
优选的是通常配制为控制释放剂型或持续释放剂型的药物活性成分。
适合的药物活性成分是例如美托洛尔。
使用的医药物质可以在工具书中找到,诸如例如,the Rote Liste或the Merck Index。
用于本发明目的的活性组分或医药物质是为了以下目的而用于人体或动物体:
1.医治、缓和、预防或诊断病症、病况、身体损伤或病理学症状;
2.揭示身体的状况、状态或功能,或精神状态;
3.替代由人体或动物体产生的活性物质或体液;
4.避免或消除病原体、寄生虫或外源物质,或使其无害;或
5.影响身体的状况、状态或功能,或精神状态。
这些药物活性物质可属于一个或多个活性成分类别,诸如ACE抑制剂、肾上腺素能药物、肾上腺皮质类固醇类、痤疮治疗剂、醛糖还原酶抑制剂、醛甾酮拮抗剂、α-葡糖苷酶抑制剂、α1拮抗剂、酒精滥用药物、氨基酸、杀变形虫剂、同化激素类药物、回苏药、麻醉添加剂、麻醉药(非吸入性)、麻醉药(局部)、镇痛药(除阿片类药物之外)、雄激素、绞痛治疗剂、拮抗剂、抗过敏药、抗过敏药诸如PDE抑制剂、用于哮喘治疗的抗过敏药、其它抗过敏药(例如白三烯拮抗药、抗贫血药、抗雄激素药、抗焦虑药、抗关节炎药、抗心律失常药、抗动脉粥样硬化药、抗生素类、抗胆碱能药、抗惊厥药、抗抑郁药、抗糖尿病药、止泻药、抗利尿药、解毒药、止吐药、抗癫痫药、抗纤维蛋白溶解药、抗癫痫药、驱蠕虫药(antihelmintics)、抗组胺药、抗低血压药、抗高血压药、抗高血压药、抗低血压药、抗凝药、抗真菌药、抗雌激素药、抗雌激素药(非甾族)、抗帕金森药、抗炎药剂、抗增殖活性成分、抗原生动物活性成分、抗风湿药、抗血吸虫药、抗痉挛药、抗血栓药、止咳药、食欲抑制剂、动脉硬化药物、抑菌药、β-阻断剂、β-受体阻断剂、支气管扩张药、碳酸酐酶抑制剂、化疗药剂、利胆药、胆碱能药物、胆碱能激动剂、胆碱酯酶抑制剂、治疗溃疡性结肠炎的药剂、环氧化酶抑制剂利尿药、杀外寄生虫药、催吐药、酶、酶抑制剂、酶抑制剂、对抗呕吐的活性成分、纤溶剂、制霉剂、痛风药物、青光眼治疗剂、糖皮质激素类、糖皮质类固醇类、止血剂、强心苷、组胺H2拮抗剂、激素类及其抑制剂、免疫治疗药、强心药、抗球虫剂、轻泻药、降脂药、胃肠治疗剂、疟疾治疗剂、偏头痛药物、杀微生物剂、克罗恩病、癌转移抑制剂、偏头痛药物、矿物质制剂、增加运动性的活性成分、肌肉松弛药、神经松弛药、用于雌激素治疗的活性成分、骨质疏松症、耳科用药、抗帕金森药、植物药、质子泵抑制剂、前列腺素、用于治疗良性前列腺增生的活性成分、用于治疗瘙痒的活性成分、银屑病活性成分、精神活性药物、自由基清除剂、肾素拮抗剂、甲状腺治疗剂、用于治疗皮脂溢的活性成分、对抗晕船的活性成分、解痉药、α-和β-拟交感神经药、血小板聚集抑制剂、镇静剂、溃疡治疗剂、其它溃疡治疗剂、用于治疗尿石病的药剂、抑病毒药、维生素类、细胞因子、与细胞生长抑制剂一起用于联合治疗的活性成分。
适合的除阿片类药物之外的活性组分的实例是例如阿卡波糖、阿司匹林、阿巴卡韦、醋氯芬酸、阿柔比星、阿昔洛韦、放线菌素、阿达木单抗、阿德福韦、阿德福韦二匹伏酯、腺苷甲硫氨酸、肾上腺素和肾上腺素衍生物、α-半乳糖苷酶、β-阿加西酶、阿仑珠单抗、阿莫曲坦、alphacept、别嘌醇、阿莫曲坦、阿洛司琼、前列地尔、金刚烷胺、氨溴索、氨磺必利、氨氯地平、阿莫西林、5对氨水杨酸、阿米替林、氨氯地平、阿莫西林、氨普那韦、阿那白滞素、阿那曲唑、雄激素和雄激素衍生物、阿扑吗啡、阿立哌唑、三氧化二砷、蒿甲醚、阿替洛尔、阿托伐他汀、阿托西班、硫唑嘌呤、壬二酸、巴比土酸衍生物、巴柳氮、巴利昔单抗、beclapermin、倍氯米松、bemiparin、苯二氮卓类、倍他司汀、贝沙罗汀(bexaroten)、苯扎贝特、比卡鲁胺、比马前列素、波生坦、botulinus toxim、溴莫尼定、布林唑胺、布地奈德、布地品、丁苯羟酸、布美他尼、安非他酮、butizine、降钙素、钙拮抗剂、钙盐类、坎地沙坦、卡培他滨、卡托普利、卡马西平、carifenacin、卡维地洛、卡泊芬净、头孢克洛、头孢羟氨苄、头孢氨苄cefalosporins、头孢托仑、头孢丙烯、塞来考昔、cepecitabine、cerivastatim、西替利嗪、西曲瑞克、西妥昔单抗、鹅去氧胆酸、绒促性素、环孢素、西多福韦、西咪替丁、环丙沙星、顺铂、克拉屈滨、克拉霉素、克拉维酸、克林霉素、氯丁替诺、可乐定、氯吡格雷、咖啡因、考来烯胺、色甘酸、复方新诺明、香豆素和香豆素衍生物、达贝泊汀、半胱胺、半胱氨酸、阿糖胞苷、环磷酰胺、环丙孕酮、阿糖胞苷、达克珠单抗、达福普汀、达那肝素、达哌唑、达贝泊汀、defepripone、地昔帕明、地西卢定、desloaratadine、去氨加压素、去氧孕烯、地奈德、右布洛芬、右酮洛芬、disoproxil、地西泮和地西泮衍生物、双肼屈嗪、地尔硫茶苯海明、二甲亚砜、dimeticon、特戊酰氧甲基、dipyridarnoi、多拉司琼、多潘立酮和多潘立酮(domperidane)衍生物、donepzil、多巴胺、多沙唑嗪、doxorubizin、多西拉敏、双氯芬酸、divalproex、屈大麻酚、屈螺酮、屈曲克凝α、度他雄胺、依巴斯汀、益康唑、依法韦仑、eletripan、emidastine、恩曲他滨、依那普利、encepur、恩他卡朋、enfurvirtide、麻黄碱、肾上腺素、依普利酮、依泊汀和依泊汀衍生物、依普洛沙坦、依替巴肽、厄他培南、艾美拉唑、雌激素和雌激素衍生物、依那西普、乙水杨胺、ethinestradiol、依托芬那酯、依托贝特、乙羟茶碱、依托孕烯、依托泊苷、依西美坦、exetimib、泛昔洛韦、法莫替丁、faropenan daloxate、非洛地平、非诺贝特、芬替康唑、非索非那定、非那雄胺、氟康唑、氟达拉滨、氟桂利嗪、氟尿嘧啶、氟西汀、氟比洛芬、氟吡汀、氟他胺、氟伐他汀、促滤泡素、福米韦生、fondaparinux、福莫特罗、fosfomicin、夫罗曲坦、呋塞米、夫西地酸、钆贝酸盐、加兰他敏、戈洛帕米、更昔洛韦、加尼瑞克、加替沙星、吉非替尼、吉非贝齐、庆大霉素、吉哌隆、孕激素和孕激素衍生物、银杏、格拉默、格列本脲、格列吡嗪、高血糖素、山梨糖醇和山梨糖醇衍生物、氨基葡萄糖和氨基葡萄糖衍生物、糖苷抗生素类、谷胱甘肽、甘油和甘油衍生物、下丘脑激素类、戈舍瑞林、格帕沙星、促旋酶抑制剂、胍乙啶、促旋酶抑制剂、氯化高铁血红素、卤泛群、氟哌啶醇、作为口服抗糖尿病药的尿素衍生物、肝素和肝素衍生物、强心苷、透明质酸、肼屈嗪、氢氯噻嗪和氢氯噻嗪衍生物、hydroxyomeprazole、羟嗪、ibritumomab、布洛芬、伊达比星、ifliximab、异环磷酰胺、伊洛前列素、伊马替尼、咪达普利、伊米苷酶、丙米嗪、咪喹莫特、咪达普利、吲哚美辛、吲哚拉明、英利昔单抗、胰岛素、甘精胰岛素制剂、干扰素类、厄贝沙坦、伊立替康、异康唑、异丙肾上腺素、伊曲康唑、伊伐布雷定、碘和碘衍生物、小连翘属植物、钾盐类、酮康唑、酮洛芬、酮替芬、拉西地平、兰索拉唑、拉罗尼酶、拉坦前列素、来氟米特、来匹卢定、乐卡地平、来普立宁、来曲唑、左醋美沙朵、左乙拉西坦、左西替利嗪、左旋多巴、利考非隆、利奈唑胺、lipinavir、硫辛酸和硫辛酸衍生物、赖诺普利、利舒脲、洛非帕明、洛度沙胺、洛美沙星、洛莫司汀、洛哌丁胺、洛匹那韦、氯雷他定、氯诺昔康、氯沙坦、本芴醇、促黄体素、镁盐类、大环内酯抗生素类、锰福地吡、马普替林、甲苯达唑、美贝维林、美克洛嗪、甲芬那酸、甲氟喹、美洛昔康、美金刚、甲吲洛尔、甲丙氨酯、美罗培南、美沙拉秦、甲琥胺、安乃近、二甲双胍、甲氨喋呤、5-氨基-4-氧代戊酸甲酯、methylnaloxone、methylnaloxone、甲基纳曲酮、哌甲酯、甲泼尼龙、美噻吨(metixen)、甲氧氯普胺、美托洛尔、甲硝唑、米安色林、米贝拉地尔、咪康唑、米非司酮、米格列醇、miglustad、米诺环素、米诺地尔、米索前列醇、丝裂霉素、咪唑斯汀、莫达非尼、莫昔普利、孟鲁司特、moroctocog、莫西沙星、麦角生物碱类、纳洛酮、萘普生、那拉曲坦、那可丁、那他霉素、那格列奈、奈必洛尔、奈法唑酮、奈非那韦、新斯的明、neramexan、奈韦拉平、尼麦角林、尼可刹米、硝苯地平、尼氟酸、尼莫地平、尼莫唑、尼莫司汀、奈西立肽、尼索地平、诺氟沙星、novamine sulphone、那可丁、制霉菌素、氧氟沙星、oktotride、奥氮平、奥美沙坦、奥沙拉秦、奥塞米韦、奥美拉唑、奥莫康唑、昂丹司琼、奥利司他、奥塞米韦、奥沙西罗、苯唑西林、奥沙利铂、奥沙普秦、oxcarbacepin、奥昔康唑、羟甲唑啉、帕利珠单抗、palanosetron、泮托拉唑、对乙酰氨基酚、帕瑞考昔、帕罗西汀、培门冬酶、聚乙二醇化干扰素、pegfilgrastrim、喷昔洛韦、口服青霉素类、喷替茶碱、己酮可可碱、肽抗生素类、培哚普利、奋乃静、哌替啶、植物提取物、安替比林、非尼拉敏、苯基丁酸、苯妥英、吩噻嗪、芬赛林、保泰松、苯妥英、吡美莫司、匹莫齐特、吲哚洛尔、吡格列酮、哌嗪、吡拉西坦、哌仑西平、吡贝地尔、吡吲哚(pirlindol)、吡罗昔康、普拉克索(pramipexol)、普兰林肽、普伐他汀、哌唑嗪、普鲁卡因、丙嗪、丙哌维林、普萘洛尔、丙酸衍生物、异丙安替比林、前列腺素、丙硫异烟胺、丙羟茶碱、喹硫平、喹那普利、喹普利拉、奎奴普丁(quinupristine)、雷米普利、雷尼替丁、雷贝拉唑、雷洛昔芬(raloxifen)、雷诺嗪、拉布立酶、瑞波西汀(reboxetin)、repaclinides、瑞普特罗、利舍平、revofloxacin、利巴韦林、利福平、利鲁唑、利美索龙、利塞膦酸盐、利培酮、利托那韦、利妥昔单抗、rivastimen、risatriptan、罗非考昔、罗匹尼罗(ropinirol)、罗哌卡因、罗格列酮、罗沙替丁、罗红霉素、螺可吉宁(ruscogenin)、罗苏伐他汀、芦丁和芦丁衍生物、沙巴草、沙丁胺醇、水杨酸盐类、沙美特罗、沙康唑、甲状腺激素类、东莨菪碱、司来吉兰、舍他康唑、舍吲哚、舍曲林、司维拉姆、西布曲明、sildenafil、硅酸盐类、辛伐他汀、西罗莫司、谷甾醇、索他洛尔、司谷氨酸、司氟沙星、大观霉素、螺旋霉素、螺普利、螺内酯、司他夫定、链霉素、硫糖铝、舒巴坦、磺酰胺、柳氮磺胺吡啶、舒必利、舒他西林、舒噻美(sultiam)、舒马普坦、氯琥珀胆碱、他克林、他克莫司、他达拉非、taliolol、他沙利定、他莫昔芬、他索纳明、他扎罗汀、替加氟、替加色罗、泰利霉素、替米沙坦、替莫泊芬、替莫唑胺、替那拉唑、替奈普酶、替尼泊苷、替诺福韦、替诺昔康、特立帕肽、特拉唑嗪、特比萘芬、特布他林、特非那定、特立帕肽、特利加压素、特他洛尔、睾酮和睾酮衍生物、四环素类、四氢唑林、替唑生坦、可可碱、茶碱、茶碱衍生物、甲巯咪唑、塞替派、thr.生长因子类、噻加宾、硫必利、替勃龙、噻氯匹定、噻吗洛尔、替硝唑、噻康唑、硫鸟嘌呤、tiotropium、噻克索酮、tirazetam、替罗拉胺、替罗非班、替扎尼定、妥拉唑林、甲苯磺丁脲、托卡朋、托萘酯、托哌酮、托特罗定、托吡酯、托泊替康、托拉塞米、群多普利、反苯环丙胺、曲匹地尔、曲妥珠单抗、曲伏前列素、曲唑酮、trepostinil、曲安西龙和曲安西龙衍生物、氨苯喋啶、三氟哌多、曲氟尿苷、曲美他嗪、甲氧苄啶、曲米帕明、曲吡那敏、曲普利啶、trifosfamide、曲金刚胺、氨丁三醇、tropalpine、曲伐沙星、曲克芦丁、妥洛特罗、胰蛋白酶类、酪胺、短杆菌素、乌拉地尔、熊去氧胆酸、茶碱熊去氧胆酸、伐昔洛韦、伐地考昔、缬更昔洛韦、丙戊酸、缬沙坦、万古霉素、伐地那非、维库氯铵、文拉法辛、维拉帕米、维替泊芬、阿糖腺苷、氨己烯酸、维洛沙秦、长春碱、长春胺、长春新碱、长春地辛、长春瑞滨、长春西丁、维喹地尔、维生素D和维生素D衍生物、伏立康唑、华法林、尼克占替诺、希美加群、希帕胺、扎鲁司特、扎西他滨、扎来普隆、扎那米韦、齐多夫定、齐拉西酮、唑来膦酸、佐米曲、唑吡坦、zoplicone、佐替平。
如果需要,活性组分也可以以它们的药学可接受的盐或衍生物的形式使用,并且在手性活性成分的情况中,有可能使用旋光异构体和非对映体的外消旋物或混合物。如果需要,本发明的组合物还可以包括两种或更多种活性药物成分。
pH依赖性受控释放
药物成分的pH依赖性受控释放的是指当药物组合物在体外溶出试验中暴露于具有不同pH值的经缓冲的USP介质中时,所述pH值位于约pH 1到约pH 7的范围内并以约1个pH间隔改变,药物成分在一定的时间间隔在介质中释放或溶出的量在具有不同pH值的介质中显著不同。
具有不同pH值的经缓冲的USP介质是本领域技术人员已知的。具有不同pH值的USP介质可具有例如pH 1.2、pH 2.0、pH 5.8、pH 6.8和pH 7.4的pH值。体外溶出试验可在USP溶出装置例如I I号装置中(桨法),37℃,溶出搅拌速率100rpm下进行,一定的时间间隔可为例如1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10小时或甚至更长的小时数。
当在具有不同的pH值pH 1.2、2.0、4.5、6.8和7.4的介质中试验时,在具有不同pH值的介质中的溶解速率显著不同。
例如,与本发明的pH依赖性受控释放的行为相对比,典型的pH非依赖性受控释放的行为例如在WO1994/022431A1中所述(特别参见第13页,表5)。
特别地,本发明的药物组合物的pH释放行为因为其耐胃酸性而是pH依赖性的,这是指在pH 1.2的USP介质中,在2小时内只有10%的药物成分被释放,而在更高pH值的USP介质中,例如在pH 7.4的USP介质中,在2小时内显著超过10%的药物成分被释放。相比之下,WO1994/022431A1的pH非依赖性受控释放的形式(参见,第13页,表5)在pH 1.2或pH 7.4的缓冲介质中在2小时后显示相同的15%的释放速率。
聚合物混合物
术语聚合物混合物在本发明的意义上是指以下成分的混合物:
i)以聚合物混合物的干重计,为40-95重量%的至少一种水不溶性的基本中性的烯类聚合物或共聚物,和
ii)以聚合物混合物的干重计,为5-60重量%的至少一种阴离子聚合物或共聚物,其在pH低于4.0的缓冲介质中不溶,并且至少在pH7.0到pH8.0的范围可溶。
也是存在于包衣层中的中性的纤维素化合物没有被计算为这种聚合物混合物的一部分,而是相对于这种聚合物混合物的干重单独计算计算的。存在于包衣层中的乳化剂也是基于不含中性纤维素聚合物在内的化合物i)和和ii)的聚合物混合物的干重来计算的。
惰性非多孔润滑剂
以聚合物混合物的干重计,包衣层可另外含有110-250重量%、优选140-220重量%的非多孔惰性润滑剂。
润滑剂(有时也被称作助流剂)是帮助防止聚合物在包衣过程期间发生聚结的药学可接受的物质。
多孔润滑剂如二氧化硅粉末不适于本发明的目的。多孔结构可能引起毛细管效应,该效应促进含有含水醇(乙醇)的介质(特别是含有含水乙醇的介质)对包衣的渗透的增强。
惰性是指润滑剂通常不与其它物质发生化学反应并且在水和/或乙醇中不溶或仅微溶。
不溶或仅微溶是指每1重量份的溶质要求超过10重量份的溶剂。另外,惰性非多孔润滑剂实质上不影响包衣的聚合物混合物的玻璃化转变温度。
润滑剂如甘油单硬脂酸酯(GMS)(其不能以足够的量被施用于包衣层以赋予对含有乙醇的水性介质的耐受性)本身在本发明的意义上是不适合的。因此,甘油单硬脂酸酯(GMS)在本发明的意义上不是惰性的。
非多孔惰性润滑剂可以是层状(layered)的二氧化硅组分、颜料或硬脂酸盐化合物。
惰性润滑剂可为硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸镁。惰性润滑剂可为TiO2。
惰性非多孔润滑剂最优选是滑石。
乙醇耐受药物制剂
乙醇耐受药物制剂是具有在乙醇存在下不受显著影响的释放动力学的制剂。乙醇耐受性在不久的将来可能是重要的注册要求。常规的药物包衣,特别是小丸上的包衣,不具有足够的醇耐受性。令人惊讶地,发现了将不溶性成膜剂与可溶性成膜剂相组合的包衣提供了更大的醇耐受性。
乙醇耐受(或者有时被称作稳定的)制剂通过对比得自以下试验的体外释放数据进行定义,所述试验在不含醇的介质中和在含有40%乙醇的相应介质中在6.8pH下进行(细节参见附件)并且如果在不含醇的介质中的释放低于总剂量的20%则保持释放曲线差异低于15%以及如果总剂量的所述释放在20%到80%之间则保持释放曲线差异低于30%。
目的和成果
本发明的出发点在于用于口服给药的受控释放药物形式。这种类型的药物形式意欲通常在通过肠的期间用于更多地或更长效地释放活性化合物。其企图借助于药物形式的合适制剂来实现活性化合物的血液水平浓度在最初升高后该血液水平将尽可能长时间地保持在治疗最佳范围内。特别应当避免过高的活性化合物血液水平浓度,其可能具有毒性效果。
在口服药物形式的延迟释放制剂的情况下,胃液和肠液的影响、特别是离子强度和环境pH的影响,以本领域本身已知的方式被实质上考虑到。问题在于此处假定的用于活性化合物释放的理想比率可以由于患者的一般生活方式、粗心大意或对使用乙醇或含乙醇的饮料的上瘾行为而被改变。在这些情况下,实际上被设计用于完全是含水介质的药物形式额外地暴露于含有更大或更小强度的乙醇的介质下。
由于口服延迟释放药物形式在醇类饮料中的溶出、或口服延迟释放药物形式与醇类饮料的同时或重叠摄取,可发生不希望的或甚至是严重的活性化合物释放的加速或减慢。在大部分情况下,乙醇的存在导致所述成分释放被加速。这种加速是主要问题,而减慢通常不太关键。必须考虑到,相对于在不存在40%乙醇的条件下的释放%,药物活性成分的释放加速或增加的绝对值超过30%是严重的。
因为并非所有的患者都知道同时摄取受控释放药物形式和含有乙醇的饮料的风险、或者不遵守或不能够遵守适当的警示、提示或建议,因此目的是设计口服延迟释放药物形式,使得它们的作用方式尽可能少地受到乙醇存在的影响。
本发明的目的明确地不是刺激、促进或使得有可能与延迟释放的药物形式一起摄取含有乙醇的饮料,而是减少或避免由有意或无意的误用或滥用而带来的可能致命的后果。
本发明的目的
因为体内效应的不可预测性,所以本发明基于作为能被客观理解的测量基础的体外条件。作为苛刻的测试条件,可以选择根据USP方法1(篮法),100rpm,在pH 6.8经缓冲(欧洲药典(EP)),在加入和不加入40%(v/v)乙醇的介质中的体外条件下。
本发明的一个目的在受控释放的药物组合物满足以下条件下时得以实现:
·在根据USP方法1(篮法),100rpm,在前2小时缓冲在pH1.2、其余时间缓冲在pH 6.8(欧洲药典(EP))的条件下,当药物活性成分在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下释放达到低于20%的程度时,在加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的释放速率的差异不应大于在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的相应释放值的±15%。例如,在其中药物活性成分在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下释放达到18%的程度的条件下,在加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的释放速率的差异不应大于在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的释放值的±15%,这意味着在加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的释放程度可在3到33%的范围内。
·在根据USP方法1(篮法),100rpm,在前2小时缓冲在pH1.2、其余时间在pH 6.8(欧洲药典(EP))的条件下,当药物活性成分在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下释放达到20-80%的程度时,在加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的释放速率的差异不应大于在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的相应释放值的±30%。例如,在其中药物活性成分在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下释放达到50%的程度的条件下,在加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的释放速率的差异不应大于在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的释放值的±30%,这意味着在加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的释放程度可在20到80%的范围内。
满足这一条件的受控释放的药物组合物被认为耐受由于患者与乙醇或含有乙醇的饮料的使用相关的粗心大意或上瘾行为而带来的活性化合物的严重加速释放。
这一情形实质上涉及与受控释放形式的摄取一起同时或随后摄取醇性饮料,从而使得所述药物形式暴露于胃或肠内的含有乙醇的强介质下。
本发明的一个目的是提供耐受乙醇的影响的用于非阿片类药物的药物组合物。
这是通过本发明的受控释放的药物组合物实现的,其特征在于在有或者没有添加40%乙醇(v/v)的情况下在2小时内在模拟胃液pH1.2中活性成分的释放程度为10%或更低。
另一个目的是药物组合物的贮存稳定性,应该将其进一步改善到以f2-值表示的60-100的范围内(贮存稳定性=良好)。
测量方法
活性化合物的百分释放量的测量可以通过例如在适于相应的活性化合物的波长下的在线紫外光谱学来进行。还有可能采用HPLC测定。所述方法学是本领域技术人员熟知的。
活性化合物的释放可以根据USP测定,特别是USP 28-NF23,总章<711>,溶出,装置2(桨法),方式<724>“延迟释放(肠溶包衣)制品-一般药物释放标准”,需要正确引用!方法B(100rpm,37℃),I型篮,发生以下改变:将药物形式在前2小时用0.1N HCl缓冲在pH1.2、其余时间用磷酸盐缓冲液缓冲在pH 6.8(欧洲药典(EP),其相当于人工肠介质)进行试验。使用在介质中合适量的30%或优选40%(v/v)的乙醇进行含有乙醇的水性介质的测量。
贮存稳定性
通常,药物物质应该在储存条件下(允许适当的公差)进行评价,检验热稳定性和,如果适用,对湿气的敏感性(ICH Guideline Q1A(R2),6 February 2003)。
药物物质的加速条件:40℃±2℃,75%RH(相对湿度)±5%RH,密闭容器,历时6个月。贮存稳定性可以通过所谓的相似系数f2或f2-值来表示。相似系数f2与储存前后的两个释放特征之间平均的平方距离成反比。在过去的十年,f2计算已经变成在几个FDA工业手册中的推荐方法。计算方法是本领域技术人员已知的。f2值为100意味着在储存前后的两个释放特征之间平均的平方距离没有偏差。
在储存前后的释放特征的偏差以f2值表示为50以上但是小于60的相似性时,认为贮存稳定性是可接受的。在储存前后的释放特征的偏差以f2值表示为60到100时,认为贮存稳定性是良好。耐贮性试验是本领域技术人员熟知的。
本发明详述
本发明涉及:
pH依赖性受控释放的药物组合物,包含:
核芯,其包含至少一种非阿片类药物的药物活性成分,其中该核芯被至少一个控制药物组合物释放的包衣层包衣,
其中包衣层包含以下物质的聚合物混合物:
i)以聚合物混合物的干重计,40-95重量%、优选60-95重量%、最优选70-90重量%的至少一种水不溶性的、实质上中性的烯类聚合物或共聚物,和
ii)以聚合物混合物的干重计,5-60重量%、优选5-40重量%,最优选10-30重量%的至少一种阴离子聚合物或共聚物,其在低于pH4.0的缓冲介质中不溶并且至少在pH 7.0到pH 8.0的范围内可溶,
特征在于,
该包衣层另外包括、实质上含有或含有110-250重量%、优选140-220重量%的非多孔惰性润滑剂,1-35重量%、优选2-30重量%、最优选5-25重量%的至少一种中性的纤维素化合物,和1-25重量%、优选5-20重量%、最优选5-15重量%的至少一种乳化剂,都是以聚合物混合物的干重计。
核芯
以本领域本身已知的方式,含有活性成分的核芯或小丸核芯构成了烯类(共)聚合物的包衣的基础。制粒可以在不含活性成分的球(空白丸芯)或不含核芯的小丸上进行,可以制备小丸核芯。首先,制备有或者没有核芯的含有活性成分的圆形基体。借助于流化床法,可将液体施用于安慰剂小丸或其它合适的载体材料上,将溶剂或助悬剂蒸发。根据制备方法,可以附加干燥步骤。喷涂步骤和随后的干燥可重复进行若干次,直到完全施用了预定量的药物活性成分。
按照惯例,将活性成分加入到有机溶剂或水中并混合。为了保证混合物的令人满意的喷涂性,通常有必要配制具有相对低粘度的混合物。浓度为0.1到20重量%、优选0.5到10重量%的清洁剂例如Tween的加入,有利于降低表面张力。
除了活性成分,它们可含有另外的药物赋形剂:粘合剂,诸如纤维素及其衍生物,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、保湿剂、崩解助剂、崩解剂、(甲基)丙烯酸酯、淀粉及其衍生物、糖增溶剂或其它物质。合适的施用方法是已知的,例如,参见Bauer,Lehmann,Osterwald,Rothgang″Arzneiformen″[Coated Pharmaceutical Forms]Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH Stuttgart,第7章,第165-196页。
细节可由本领域技术人员从教科书中进一步得知。例如,参见:
-Voigt,R.(1984):Lehrbuch der pharmazeutischen Technologie[Textbook of Pharmaceutical Technology];Verlag Chemie Weinheim-Beerfield Beach/Florida-Basle。
-Sucker,H.,Fuchs,P.,Speiser,P.:Pharmazeutische Technologie[Pharmaceutical Technology],George Thieme Verlag Stuttgart(1991),特别是第15和16章,第626-642页。
-Gennaro,A.,R.(Edi tor),Remington′s Pharmaceutical Sciences,Mack Publishing Co.,Easton Pennsylvania(1985),第88章,第页1567-1573。
-List,P.H.(1982):Arzneiformenlehre[Pharmaceutical Form Theory],Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft mbH,Stuttgart。
小丸核芯可以通过诸如转子聚结(rotor agglomeration)、沉淀或喷涂过程整圆,特别通过超声涡流喷涂过程,得到具有给定大小例如50到2500微米的、仍是无包衣的核芯或小丸核芯。这具有的优点是整个核芯体积可用于活性成分负载。从而,活性成分负载相对于具有惰性核芯的实施方案又被增加。
可使用直接压实(direct compaction)方法来制备微型片剂的核芯。
除了药物活性成分以外,核芯可包含另外的药物赋形剂:粘合剂,诸如纤维素及其衍生物,聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、湿润剂、崩解助剂、崩解剂、淀粉及其衍生物、糖增溶剂或其它物质。
控制药物组合物释放的包衣层
核芯至少被一个、优选被一个或多个、优选仅被一个包衣层所包衣,控制药物组合物的释放。包衣层赋予释放模式对含有乙醇的水性介质的耐受效果。控制药物组合物释放的包衣层还可被称作外包衣层,因为该包衣层包围核芯。
(外)包衣层控制药物组合物的释放。包衣层赋予释放模式对含有乙醇的水性介质的耐受效果。
在核芯成分与包衣成分不相容的情况下,可在核芯和(外)包衣层之间施用隔离底包衣。
控制药物组合物释放的包衣层可另外被非功能性、优选水溶性的表包衣所覆盖,该表包衣对释放特征实质上没有影响。
在制备含有活性成分的核芯或小丸核芯后,将它们供应到包衣层的喷涂过程中,从而分别获得包衣核芯或包衣小丸。包衣借助于由有机溶液或优选由水分散体喷涂来制备。为了实施目的,在此获得均匀的、无孔的包衣是重要的。按照惯例,在喷涂过程之后且在调理过程开始之前将包衣小丸另外依序干燥几分钟。按照惯例,聚合物包衣含有药学惯用的赋形剂,诸如,例如,脱模剂或增塑剂。
以核芯重量计,控制药物组合物释放的包衣层以至少10重量%的量存在。以核芯重量计,包衣优选以20-200重量%、优选30-100重量%、更优选40-80重量%的量存在。
包衣的量可相当于包衣层的平均厚度为在约20-200微米、优选50-150微米范围内。
包衣小丸
受控释放的药物组合物可优选以具有100到5000微米、优选100到2000微米、最优选300-1000微米的总平均直径的包衣小丸、微型片剂或片剂的形式存在。
本发明的受控释放的药物组合物可以总平均直径为100到700微米、优选超过200微米或超过500微米、或250-400微米的包衣小丸的形式存在。
本发明的受控释放的药物组合物可以总平均直径为1400到5000微米、优选1500到4000微米、最优选1800到3500微米的包衣小丸、微型片剂或片剂的形式存在。
在包衣小丸的总平均直径为100到700微米、优选超过200微米或超过500微米、或为250到400微米时,包衣层应该以核芯重量计为至少100重量%的量存在。
在包衣小丸的总平均直径为1400到5000微米、优选超过2000微米或超过2500微米、或为2500到3500微米时,包衣层应该以核芯重量计为至少30重量%的量存在。
微型片剂
受控释放的药物组合物可优选以包衣的微型片剂的形式存在,其中微型片剂具有1到5毫米的平均直径。
片剂
借助本发明的完成,有可能提供具有胃酸性耐受性和乙醇耐受性的包衣的片剂,例如从1mm到最大50mm的大小。这对于以片剂形式提供的对胃粘膜有害或在胃液中不稳定的活性成分来说是有利的。
水不溶性的、实质上中性的烯类聚合物或共聚物
水不溶性的、实质上中性的烯类聚合物或共聚物被理解是指在整个1到14的pH范围内不溶于水并且在水中只可溶胀的那些聚合物或共聚物。
烯类聚合物来源于具有烯类基团的单体诸如(甲基)丙烯酸系单体的聚合。
“实质上中性”在一定意义上是指聚合物即使有的话也只可含有少量的离子基团。即使存在少量的离子基团,但是此类聚合物的物理-化学性质与不含任何离子基团的聚合物的物理-化学性质几乎相同。“实质上中性”在一定意义上尤其是指聚合物含有低于5、低于4、低于3、低于2或低于1重量%的具有阴离子或阳离子侧基的单体残基。优选地,水不溶性的中性烯类聚合物或共聚物不含任何的阳离子基团。最优选地,水不溶性的、实质上中性的烯类聚合物或共聚物根本不含任何的离子基团,并因此是中性的水不溶性烯类聚合物(100%中性)。
通常,只有一种或一种类型的水不溶性的、实质上中性的烯类聚合物或共聚物存在于药物组合物中。然而,如果合适的话,还可能有两种或更多种水不溶性的聚合物或共聚物或两种或更多种类型的这些聚合物或共聚物彼此同时存在或存在于混合物中。
聚乙酸乙烯酯类型的水不溶性聚合物
合适的水不溶性聚合物有聚乙酸乙烯酯类型的聚合物或由其衍生的共聚物。
水不溶性的(甲基)丙烯酸系共聚物
在水不溶性的(甲基)丙烯酸系共聚物中,中性的或实质上中性的甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物适用于本发明的目的。
中性的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物(NE类型)
中性的或实质上中性的甲基丙烯酸酯共聚物含有至少超过95重量%的程度、特别是至少98重量%的程度、优选至少99重量%的程度、特别是至少99重量%的程度、更优选100重量%程度的具有中性基团特别是C1-C4-烷基基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体。
合适的具有中性基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体是例如甲基丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸丁酯、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、丙烯酸丁酯。优选甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和丙烯酸甲酯。
具有阴离子基团例如丙烯酸和/或甲基丙烯酸的甲基丙烯酸酯单体可以低于5重量%、优选不超过2重量%、更优选不超过1重量%或0.05到1重量%的量而少量存在。
合适的实例是由20到40重量%的丙烯酸乙酯、60到80重量%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯和0到低于5重量%、优选0到2重量%或0.05到1重量%的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸组成的、中性的或实质上中性的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物(NE)。
合适的水不溶性聚合物是由超过95到高达100重量%的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C4-烷基酯和低于5重量%的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的自由基聚合单位组成的共聚物。
水溶性的阴离子聚合物
在本发明意义上的水溶性的阴离子聚合物是指这样的聚合物,该聚合物在合适的缓冲介质,优选在根据美国药典或欧洲药典标准的缓冲介质中,在低于pH 5.0下不溶,并且在pH 7.0到pH 8.0、优选在pH 6.0到8.0、最优选在pH 5.5到8.0的范围内可溶。在合适的经缓冲的水性介质中,在pH 7.0到pH 8.0的范围内可溶的聚合物的大部分不溶于纯水或去矿质水中。
水溶性的阴离子纤维素衍生物
阴离子纤维素衍生物基于天然纤维素链并用阴离子化合物进行化学改性。聚合物可经过部分地和完全地中和,优选使用碱离子进行。阴离子纤维素衍生物的实例是醋酞纤维素(CAP),羟丙基甲基纤维素邻苯二甲酸酯(HPMCP),羧甲基纤维素(CMC),乙酸琥珀酸羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMCAS)或醋酸琥珀酸纤维素(CAS)。
水溶性的阴离子(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物
合适的水溶性阴离子(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物由25到95重量%、优选40到95重量%、特别是60到40重量%的经自由基聚合的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C4-烷基酯和75到5重量%、优选60到5重量%、特别是40到60重量%的具有阴离子基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的自由基聚合单位组成。
所述比例一般合计达100重量%。然而,还可能另外存在少量的最多为10重量%、或为0到10重量%,例如1到5重量%的另外的能够进行烯类共聚反应的单体,诸如,例如甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯或丙烯酸羟乙酯,而不损害或改变本发明的根本性质。然而,优选不存在另外的能够进行烯类共聚反应的单体。一般优选的是,除了被明确说明的那些单体之外,在水溶性的阴离子(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物中不存在另外的单体。
丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C4-烷基酯特别是甲基丙烯酸甲酯,甲基丙烯酸乙酯,甲基丙烯酸丁酯,丙烯酸甲酯,丙烯酸乙酯和丙烯酸丁酯。
具有阴离子基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体是例如丙烯酸,优选甲基丙烯酸。
L 100-55是50重量%的丙烯酸乙酯和50重量%的甲基丙烯酸的共聚物。L 30D-55是含有30重量%的L 100-55的分散体。在肠液或人工肠液中所述具体活性成分开始释放的pH可以是pH 5.5。
合适的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物是由10到30重量%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、50到70重量%的丙烯酸甲酯和5到15重量%的甲基丙烯酸组成的那些(FS类型)。在肠液或人工肠液中所述具体活性成分起始释放的pH可以是pH 7.0。
具有以下组成的共聚物也是合适的:
20到34重量%的甲基丙烯酸和/或丙烯酸,
20到69重量%的丙烯酸甲酯,和
0到40重量%的丙烯酸乙酯,和/或,如果适当的话,
0到10重量%的另外的能够进行烯类共聚反应的单体,
条件是该共聚物根据ISO 11357-2,3.3.3小节的玻璃化转变温度不超过60℃。该(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物特别合适,因为对于压制小丸成片剂而言,其具有良好的断裂伸长性质。
具有以下组成的共聚物也是合适的:
20到33重量%的甲基丙烯酸和/或丙烯酸,
5到30重量%的丙烯酸甲酯,和
20到40重量%的丙烯酸乙酯,和
高于10到30重量%的甲基丙烯酸丁酯,和如果适当的话,
0到10重量%的另外的能够进行烯类共聚反应的单体,
其中单体的比例合计达100重量%,
条件是根据ISO 11357-2,3.3.3小节(中点温度Tmg)该共聚物的玻璃化转变温度是55-70℃。这种类型的共聚物特别合适,因为对于压制小丸成片剂而言,其具有良好的机械性质。
上述的共聚物特别由以下的自由基聚合单位组成:
20到33重量%、优选25到32重量%、特别优选28到31重量%的甲基丙烯酸或丙烯酸,优选甲基丙烯酸,
5到30重量%、优选10到28重量%、特别优选15到25重量%的丙烯酸甲酯,
20到40重量%、优选25到35重量%、特别优选18到22重量%的丙烯酸乙酯,和
高于10到30重量%、优选15到25重量%、特别优选18到22重量%的甲基丙烯酸丁酯,
其中该单体组合物经过选择,从而使得该共聚物的玻璃化转变温度是55-70℃、优选59-66℃、特别优选60-65℃。
关于这点,玻璃化转变温度是指根据ISO 11357-2,小节3.3.3的中点温度Tmg。在不添加增塑剂条件下,残余单体含量(REMO)低于100ppm,加热速率为10℃/分钟并在氮气气氛下,进行测量。
共聚物优选实质上到完全地包含90、95或99到100重量%的、处于上述量的范围内的甲基丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯和甲基丙烯酸丁酯单体。
然而,有可能另外存在少量的范围在0到10重量%、例如1到5重量%的另外的能够进行烯类共聚反应的单体,诸如,例如,甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丁酯、甲基丙烯酸羟乙酯、乙烯基吡咯烷酮、乙烯基丙二酸、苯乙烯、乙烯醇、乙酸乙烯酯和/或其衍生物,而不必然损害根本性质。
阴离子(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的制备
阴离子(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物可以本领域本身已知的方式通过单体的自由基聚合被制备(例如,参见EP 0704207A2和EP 0704208A2)。本发明的共聚物可以本领域本身已知的方式通过在水相中优选在阴离子乳化剂的存在下的自由基乳液聚合反应被制备,例如,通过DE-C 2135073所述方法进行。
可以通过在自由基形成引发剂和如果适当还有用于调节未经稀释的分子量的调节剂的条件下的连续式或非连续式(间歇法)的自由基聚合法的常规方法以溶液聚合法、通过珠状聚合法或以乳液聚合法制备共聚物。平均分子量Mw(重均,例如通过测量溶液粘度来确定)可在例如80000到1000000(g/mol)的范围内。优选在水相中、在水溶性引发剂和(优选阴离子)乳化剂的存在下进行的乳液聚合。
在本体聚合的情况下,可以通过碾压、挤出、造粒或热切割来获得固体形式的聚合物。
(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物根据本领域本身已知的方式通过自由基的本体聚合、溶液聚合、珠状聚合或乳液聚合被获得。它们必须通过适当的研磨、干燥或喷雾过程被加工达到本发明的粒度范围。这可通过简单碾压被挤出和冷却的小丸或进行热切割来进行。
使用粉末可为有利的,特别是关于与其它粉末或液体的混合物方面。用于制造粉末的合适的装置是本领域技术人员熟知的,例如空气喷射磨,销钉式圆盘磨(pinned disc mills)、多室磨。如果合适的话,还可能包括合适的过筛步骤。用于工业大批量的合适的磨是例如以约6巴的表压工作的对向喷射磨(opposed jet mill)(Multi No.4200)。
部分中和
阴离子聚合物可用碱进行部分地或完全地中和。合适的碱是在EP 0088951A2或WO 2004/096185中清楚提到的那些,或者是由其衍生的那些。具体是:氢氧化钠溶液,氢氧化钾溶液(KOH),氢氧化铵,或者有机碱诸如例如三乙醇胺,碳酸钠,碳酸钾,碳酸氢钠,磷酸三钠,柠檬酸三钠或氨,或生理学耐受的胺诸如三乙醇胺或三(羟甲基)氨基甲烷。另外的合适的阳离子有机碱是碱性氨基酸组氨酸、精氨酸和/或赖氨酸。
多颗粒药物形式
本发明的受控释放的药物组合物可具有小丸形式,其被包含在多颗粒药物形式例如压制片剂、胶囊、小袋、泡腾片剂或可重构粉末的形式中。
表包衣和底包衣
本发明的受控释放的药物组合物可进一步用底包衣和/或表包衣进行包衣。
底包衣可位于核芯和控制药物活性物质释放的包衣层(控制层)之间。底包衣可具有使彼此可能不相容的核芯的物质与控制层的物质分离的作用。底包衣对释放特征实质上没有影响。底包衣优选实质上是水溶性,例如,其可包含诸如羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)的物质作为成膜剂。底包衣的平均厚度非常薄,例如,不超过15微米,优选不超过10微米。
表包衣也优选是实质上水溶性的。表包衣可具有使药物形式带颜色或保护药物形式免受环境影响例如储存期间防潮的作用。表包衣可包含粘合剂,例如水溶性聚合物如多糖或HPMC或糖化合物如蔗糖。表包衣可另外含有少量的药物赋形剂如颜料或润滑剂。表包衣对释放特征实质上没有影响。
术语底包衣和表包衣是本领域技术人员公知的。
制备本发明的药物形式的方法
本发明的受控释放的药物组合物可以本领域本身已知的方式通过诸如以下的药学惯用方法被制备:直接压制,干、湿或结块颗粒的压制和随后的整圆,湿法造粒或干法造粒或直接制丸或将粉末粘合(粉末成层)到不含活性成分的小珠或中性核芯(空白核芯)或含有活性成分的颗粒上和通过喷涂过程或通过流化床造粒施涂聚合物包衣。
赋形剂/惯用添加剂
核芯除了药物活性成分之外还以本领域技术人员已知的方式另外分别含有赋形剂或惯用添加剂。另外的赋性剂对于本发明来说不是关键。
包衣层除了聚合物混合物、非多孔惰性润滑剂、中性的纤维素化合物和乳化剂作为基本成分之外还可以分别以本领域技术人员已知的方式另外含有赋形剂或惯用添加剂。然而如果赋形剂被包含在包衣层中,它们总是不同于必要的成分,必要的成分是聚合物混合物、非多孔惰性润滑剂、中性的纤维素化合物和乳化剂。与必要的成分(也就是聚合物混合物、非多孔惰性润滑剂、中性的纤维素化合物和乳化剂)相比,另外的赋形剂对于本发明来说不是关键。另外的赋形剂对有利的发明效果没有贡献。优选地,以总的包衣层的干重计,包衣层中另外的赋形剂的量低于5重量%,更优选低于2重量%。最优选在包衣层没有另外的赋形剂。
药学惯用的赋形剂,偶而也被称为惯用添加剂,被加入到本发明的制剂中,优选在颗粒或粉末的生产期间被加入。使用的所有的赋形剂或惯用添加剂当然始终必需是毒理学可接受的并可特别地对患者无风险地用于药物。
药学惯用的赋形剂用于药物包衣或涂层的使用量和应用是本领域技术人员熟知的。药学中可能的惯用的赋形剂或添加剂的实例是释放剂、颜料、稳定剂、抗氧化剂、成孔剂、渗透助剂、光泽剂、芳香物质和调味剂。它们用作加工助剂并意欲确保可靠的和可重现的生产过程以及良好的长期保存稳定性,或者它们在药物形式中实现另外的有利的性质。它们在加工前被加入到聚合物制剂中并且可影响包衣的渗透性,当适当时有可能利用这一点作为另外的控制参数。
颜料:
如前所述,可以在包衣层中使用颜料,起到非多孔惰性润滑剂的作用,以促进耐受乙醇的影响。如果另外加入颜料作为对本发明没有贡献的赋形剂,可以将它们加入到包衣层上面的表包衣以提供某种颜色。在包衣层中起到非多孔惰性润滑剂的作用或作为对本发明没有贡献的赋形剂的颜料通常当然是无毒的并适合于药学目的。关于这一点,还请参见,例如:Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,Farbstoffe für Lebensmittel,Harald,Boldt Verlag KG,Boppard(1978);Deutsche Lebensmittelrundschau 74,No.4,第156页(1978);Arzneimittelfarbstoffverordnung AmFarbV of 25.08.1980。
颜料的实例是橙黄,胭脂红色淀,基于氧化铝或偶氮染料的有色颜料,磺酸染料,橙黄S(E110,C.I.15985,FD&C Yellow 6),靛胭脂(E132,C.I.73015,FD&C Blue 2),酒石黄(E 102,C.I.19140,FD&C Yellow 5),丽春红4R(E 125,C.I.16255,FD&C Cochineal Red A),喹啉黄(E 104,C.I.47005,FD&C Yellow 10),赤藓红(E127,C.I.45430,FD&C Red 3),偶氮玉红(E 122,C.I.14720,FD&C Carmoisine),苋菜红(E 123,C.I.16185,FD&C Red 2),酸性亮绿(E 142,C.I.44090,FD&C Green S)。
E数字表示与EU编号有关的颜料。关于这一点,还请参见:“Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft,Farbstoffe für Lebensmittel,Harald Boldt Verlag KG,Boppard(1978);Deutsche Lebensmittelrundschau 74,No.4,第156页(1978);Arzneimittelfarbstoffverordnung AmFarbV of 25.08.1980。FD&C数字涉及在以下中所描述的、被美国食品与药物管理局(FDA)批准用于食品、药物和化妆品中的批准号:U.S.Food and Drug Administration,Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition,Office of Cosmetics and Colors:Code of Federal Regulations-Title 21 Color Additive Regulations Part 82,Listing of Certified Provisionally Listed Colors and Specifications(CFR 21 Part 82)。
增塑剂
另外的添加剂还可是增塑剂。增塑剂可有利地被加入到包衣层中。常用量是基于例如包衣层的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物的重量的0到50重量%、优选5到20重量%。优选不向包衣层添加增塑剂。
增塑剂可影响聚合物层的功能,根据类型(亲脂性或亲水性)和加入量的不同而异。增塑剂通过与聚合物进行物理相互作用而降低玻璃化转变温度和促进成膜,根据加入量的不同而异。合适的物质通常具有100到20000之间的分子量并且在分子内含有一个或多个亲水性基团例如羟基、酯基或氨基。
合适的增塑剂的实例是柠檬酸烷基酯,甘油酯,邻苯二甲酸烷基酯,癸二酸烷基酯,蔗糖酯,脱水山梨醇酯,癸二酸二乙酯,癸二酸二丁酯和聚乙二醇200到12000。优选的增塑剂是柠檬酸三乙酯(TEC),乙酰柠檬酸三乙酯(ATEC)和癸二酸二丁酯(DBS)。另外将提到的是在室温下通常是液体的酯类,诸如柠檬酸酯,邻苯二甲酸酯,癸二酸酯或蓖麻油。优选使用柠檬酸和癸二酸的酯。
向制剂中加入增塑剂可以已知的方式进行,即直接加入到水性溶液中或在混合物的热预处理之后加入。还可能使用增塑剂的混合物。
在包衣中添加中性的纤维素化合物
以聚合物混合物(化合物i)和ii))的干重计,包衣层另外包含1到35重量%、优选2-30重量%、最优选5-25重量%的至少一种中性的纤维素化合物。中性的纤维素化合物是一种中性的纤维素衍生物并且可以优选是纤维素的乙基醚或甲基醚。最优选的是,中性的纤维素化合物是羟乙基纤维素或羟丙基甲基纤维素(HPMC)。
在包衣中添加乳化剂
本发明人发现,在包衣中添加一种或多种乳化剂似乎间接地改善药物组合物的耐受性。推测去污剂在喷涂悬浮液中的存在促进了成膜过程变得更完全。更完全的膜似乎是比在包衣中不含一定量乳化剂所形成的膜更耐受乙醇的影响。在包衣中不含一定量乳化剂所形成的膜被认为是比在乳化剂的存在下所形成的膜稍微更多孔。因此,乳化剂在成膜过程中的作用,尽管尚未真正了解,可能是类似于但不同于对包衣小丸进行固化过程的作用。更加令人惊讶的是,介质中是否包含乙醇都似乎是对释放特征本身没有消极的影响或变化。
因此,以聚合物混合物(化合物i)和ii))的干重计,本发明的受控释放的药物组合物可以另外包含2到20重量%、优选5-15重量%的至少一种乳化剂,优选非离子乳化剂。
优选乳化剂是脱水山梨醇酯的聚氧乙烯衍生物。
最优选地,去污剂是聚氧化乙烯脱水山梨醇单油酸酯(聚乙二醇脱水山梨醇单油酸酯,CAS登记号9005-65-6,例如80)。
改善的贮存稳定性
令人惊讶的是,在将纤维素化合物或乳化剂单独用于药物组合物中时对于贮存稳定性没有影响。在这种情况中,贮存稳定性仍是可接受的,这意味着仍有改进的余地。然而,在将纤维素化合物和乳化剂一起使用时,贮存稳定性变得好得多,并且可以称之为优异。
应用
本发明的pH依赖性受控释放的药物组合物可用于降低在口服之后由于同时或随后摄取含有乙醇的饮料(误用)所带来的所包含的药物活性成分的增强释放的风险。
实施例
方法
模型药物
使用美托洛尔作为模型药物来进行研究。
溶出研究
根据USP 28-NF23,总章<711>,溶出,来进行试验,前2小时在pH 1.2的模拟胃液、然后在pH 6.8的缓冲介质中。
溶出参数:
装置:USP I型(篮法)
RPM:100/min
温度:37.5±0.5℃
溶出体积:500ml.
取出体积:使用移液管人工取出5ml,不补充介质
检测方式:HPLC
溶出介质1:
模拟胃液pH 1.2(欧洲药典=EP)
溶出介质2:
模拟胃液pH 1.2(欧洲药典=EP),含40%(v/v)乙醇
溶出介质3:
磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 6.8(欧洲药典=EP)
溶出介质4:
含有40%v/v的醇的磷酸盐缓冲盐水pH 6.8,EP-0.9g的KH2PO4,1.8g的K2HPO4,7.65g的NaCl,使用540ml去矿质水和360ml的醇。
共聚物
NE是由30重量%的丙烯酸乙酯和70重量%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯的自由基聚合单位组成的共聚物。
制剂配制细节
在使用底部喷雾的流化床加工装置中,将1700-2000微米的核芯(糖球,空白丸芯)加载美托洛尔。聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(K25)用作粘合剂。将900g空白丸芯的核芯用粘合在80g粘合剂(K25)中的270g美托洛尔包衣。
包衣悬浮液制备:
包衣过程:
在流化床设备中,在合适的条件下,即在约10-20g包衣悬浮液/分钟/千克核芯的喷涂速率和约25-28℃的床温下,将具有药物层的小丸用不同的包衣悬浮液进行包衣。在包衣后,将小丸在流化床加工装置中在50℃流化1小时。微粉化的滑石用作赋形剂。包衣小丸具有大约3000微米的平均直径。
储存稳定性
在储存前后的释放特征的偏差以f2值表示为50以上但是小于60的相似性时,认为贮存稳定性是可接受的。在储存前后的释放特征的偏差以f2值表示为60到100时,认为贮存稳定性是良好的。
Claims (23)
1.pH依赖性受控释放的药物组合物,包含:
核芯,其包含至少一种非阿片类药物的药物活性成分,其中核芯被至少一个控制药物组合物释放的包衣层包衣,
其中包衣层包含以下物质的聚合物混合物:
i)以聚合物混合物的干重计,40-95重量%的至少一种水不溶性的、实质上中性的烯类聚合物或共聚物,和
ii)以聚合物混合物的干重计,5-60重量%的至少一种阴离子聚合物或共聚物,其在低于pH 4.0的缓冲介质中不溶并且至少在pH7.0到pH 8.0的范围内可溶,
特征在于,
该包衣层另外含有110-250重量%的非多孔惰性润滑剂、1-35重量%的至少一种中性的纤维素化合物,和1-25重量%的至少一种乳化剂,都是以聚合物混合物的干重计。
2.权利要求1的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,非多孔惰性润滑剂是层状的二氧化硅组分、颜料或硬脂酸盐化合物。
3.权利要求2的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,惰性润滑剂是滑石。
4.权利要求2的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,惰性润滑剂是硬脂酸钙或硬脂酸镁。
5.权利要求1-4中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,水不溶性的、实质上中性的烯类聚合物或共聚物是由超过95到高达100重量%的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C4-烷基酯和低于5重量%的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的自由基聚合单位组成的共聚物。
6.权利要求1-4中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,水不溶性的、实质上中性的聚合物是聚乙酸乙烯酯类型的聚合物或共聚物。
7.权利要求1-6中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,水溶性阴离子聚合物是由25到95重量%的丙烯酸或甲基丙烯酸的C1-C4-烷基酯和5到75重量%的具有阴离子基团的(甲基)丙烯酸酯单体的自由基聚合单位组成的(甲基)丙烯酸酯共聚物。
8.权利要求7的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,水溶性的阴离子聚合物是由10到30重量%的甲基丙烯酸甲酯、50到70重量%的丙烯酸甲酯和5到15重量%甲基丙烯酸的自由基聚合单位组成的。
9.权利要求1-8中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,中性的纤维素化合物是羟丙基甲基纤维素。
10.权利要求1-9中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,乳化剂是非离子乳化剂。
11.权利要求10的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,去污剂是脱水山梨醇酯的聚氧乙烯衍生物。
12.权利要求10或11的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,去污剂是聚乙氧基脱水山梨醇单油酸酯。
13.权利要求1-12中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,在根据USP桨法,100rpm,在pH 6.8经缓冲的体外条件下,在加入和不加入40%(v/v)乙醇的介质中,其具有以下性质:
·当药物活性成分在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下释放达到低于20%的程度时,在加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的释放速率的差异不超过在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的相应释放值的±15%,
·当药物活性成分在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下释放达到20-80%的程度时,在加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的释放速率的差异不超过在不加入40%(v/v)乙醇条件下的相应释放值的±30%。
14.权利要求1-13中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,药物活性成分是美托洛尔或美托洛尔的药学可接受的盐。
15.权利要求1-14中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,其是被包含在多颗粒药物形式例如压制片剂、胶囊、小袋、泡腾片剂或可重构粉末形式中的小丸的形式。
16.权利要求1-15中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,其具有底包衣和/或表包衣。
17.权利要求1-16中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,其以总平均直径为100到5000微米的包衣小丸的形式存在。
18.权利要求17的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,包衣小丸的总平均直径为100到700微米。
19.权利要求17的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,包衣小丸的总平均直径为1400到5000微米。
20.权利要求19的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,以核芯的重量计,包衣层以至少30重量%的量存在。
21.权利要求1到20中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物,特征在于,在有或者没有添加40%乙醇(v/v)的情况下在2小时内在模拟胃液pH 1.2中活性成分的释放程度为10%或更低。
22.制备权利要求1-14中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物的方法,所述方法以已知方式通过直接压制,干、湿或结块颗粒的压制和随后的整圆,湿法造粒或干法造粒或直接制丸或者通过使粉末结合(粉末成层)到不含活性成分的小珠或中性核芯(空白丸芯)或含有活性成分的颗粒上和通过喷涂过程或通过流化床造粒施涂聚合物包衣。
23.权利要求1-14中一项或多项的受控释放的药物组合物用于降低在口服摄取之后由于同时或随后摄取含有乙醇的饮料所带来的所包含的药物活性成分的增强或减少释放的风险的用途。
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IL211305A (en) | 2015-01-29 |
PL2326313T3 (pl) | 2015-08-31 |
US10933024B2 (en) | 2021-03-02 |
EP2326313B1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
KR20110058836A (ko) | 2011-06-01 |
IL211305A0 (en) | 2011-04-28 |
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