CN102159306B - 进行机械、化学和/或热过程的装置 - Google Patents

进行机械、化学和/或热过程的装置 Download PDF

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CN102159306B
CN102159306B CN200980137239.0A CN200980137239A CN102159306B CN 102159306 B CN102159306 B CN 102159306B CN 200980137239 A CN200980137239 A CN 200980137239A CN 102159306 B CN102159306 B CN 102159306B
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CN102159306A (zh
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丹尼尔·阿诺德
阿尔弗雷德·昆兹
皮埃尔·阿岚·弗勒里
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Lister technology joint-stock company
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    • B29B7/481—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws provided with paddles, gears or discs
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种在轴(1，2)上具有混合-清理元件(5)的壳体(3)中进行机械、化学和/或热过程的装置，其中轴(1，2)上的混合-清理元件(5)绕轴心转动时彼此啮合，并且相对于轴(1，2)的轴心(A)以180度旋转对称的方式在轴向上将两个混合-清理元件(5)连续设置在至少一个轴(1，2)上。每个混合-清理元件(5)包括一个盘件(6)，该盘件(6)的外边棱(7)以半径(r)绕轴(1，2)的轴心(A)延伸成约90度或略大的扇形段并且与两侧朝轴(1，2)延伸的侧棱(8.1，8.2)连接，其中每个边棱(7)上安装一个或多个杆(9.1，9.2)。

Description

进行机械、化学和/或热过程的装置
技术领域
本发明涉及一种在轴上具有混合-清理元件的壳体中进行机械、化学和/或热过程的装置，其中轴上的混合-清理元件绕轴心转动时彼此啮合，并且相对于轴的轴心以180度旋转对称的方式在轴向上将两个混合-清理元件连续设置在至少一个轴上。
背景技术
这种装置也被称为混合式捏和机。其具有多种用途。首先要提到的是间歇或连续地蒸发溶剂回收，通常在真空下进行该过程。例如用于处理蒸馏残余物，特别是甲苯二异氰酸酯，也用于处理化学和制药生产中的有毒或高沸点溶剂的生产残留物、洗涤液和涂料渣滓、聚合物溶液、聚合溶剂中弹性体溶液、粘合剂以及密封胶。
此外，该设备也用于间歇或连续地接触干燥水和/或溶剂型湿润产品，通常也在真空下进行。该应用主要用于颜料、染料、精细化学品、添加剂(例如盐、氧化物、氢氧化物、抗氧化剂)、温度敏感型药物和维生素类产品、高效物质、聚合物、合成橡胶、聚合物悬浮液、乳胶、水凝胶、蜂蜡、农药以及化学或药品生产中的残留物(例如盐、催化剂、炉渣、废液)。该方法还可用于食品加工，例如生产和/或处理乳块、代糖、淀粉衍生物和藻酸盐，用于处理工业废渣、油泥、生物污泥、造纸淤渣和涂料渣滓，而且常用于处理粘稠的硬皮凝胶状膏体产品、废品和纤维素衍生品。
在混合式捏和机中可能会发生去气和/或抑制挥发。这适用于聚酯或聚酰胺熔体冷凝后的聚合物熔体，用于合成纤维的纺丝溶液以及固态聚合物或弹性体颗粒/粉末。
在混合式捏和机中通常可能在熔炼中连续发生缩聚反应，其主要用于处理聚酰胺、聚酯、聚乙酸盐、聚酰亚胺、热塑塑料、弹性体、硅树脂、尿素树脂、酚醛树脂、洗涤剂以及肥料。
还可能是通常也是连续发生的聚合反应。这适用于聚丙烯酸酯、水凝胶、多元醇、热塑性聚合物、弹性体、间规聚苯乙烯和聚丙烯酰胺。
更一般来说，在混合式捏和机中可能发生固态、液态以及多相反应。这特别适合逆反应，用于处理氢氟酸、硬脂酸盐、氰酸盐、聚磷酸盐、氰脲酸、纤维素衍生物、纤维素脂、纤维素醚、聚缩醛树脂、对氨基苯磺酸、铜酞菁、淀粉衍生物、聚磷酸铵、磺酸盐、农药以及肥料。
此外，还可能发生固态-气态反应(如羧化作用)或者液态-气态反应。这用于处理醋酸盐、酸、科尔贝-施密特反应(如BON)、水杨酸钠、对羟苯甲酸以及医药制品。
在中和反应和酯交换反应中随之发生液态-液态反应。
在这种混合式捏和机中，在合成纤维、聚酰胺、聚酯和纤维素的纺丝溶液中进行溶解和/或去气。
在处理或制造颜料过程中进行所谓的清洗。
在制造或处理聚酯和聚酰胺的过程中进行固态-后凝，例如纤维处理中的连续染色(如使用溶剂的纤维素纤维)，处理盐、精制化学药品、多元醇、乙醇化物中熔融物或溶剂的结晶，聚合物混合物、有机硅化合物、密封化合物、粉煤灰的连续和/或间歇的化合、混合，聚合物悬浮液处理中(尤其是连续的)的凝结。
在一台混合式捏和机中也可能结合多功能过程，例如加热、干燥、熔解、结晶、混合、去气及反应——这些都是连续或间歇的。由此制造或处理聚合物、弹性体、无机产品、残渣、医药产品、食品以及印刷油墨。
在混合式捏和机中还可能进行真空升华/反升华作用，从而提纯化学预产物，例如蒽醌、金属氯化物以及有机金属化合物等等。此外，可以生产医药中间产物。
例如，在有机中间体中，如蒽醌和精细化学品，连续进行载气-去升华作用。
举例来说，专利EP0517068公开了上述类型的混合式捏合机。其两个轴向平行的传感轴在混合壳体内同方向或反方向旋转。从而安装在盘件上的搅拌杆彼此相互作用。除了混合功能，该搅拌杆的作用还有尽可能地清理产品接触的混合壳体表面、轴和盘件，从而避免形成未混合区。特别是非常易于压紧、硬化和壳化的产品，搅拌杆的壁作用增大了搅拌棒和轴的局部机械应力。力的峰值尤其表现在搅拌棒咬合时产物闪避较差的区域。这些区域包括盘件置于轴的地方。
此外，专利DE19940521A1也公开了上述类型混合式捏和机，其中承载元件在捏合杆作用范围内形成凹口，从而使捏合杆具有尽可能大的轴向长度。这种混合式捏合机自我清理产品接触的壳体表面及轴的性能良好，但是由于捏合杆的作用轨道，捏合杆的承载元件的另一特征是必须形成凹口，导致承载原件的结构复杂。因此，这首先会导致生产工艺成本过高，其次会使机械应力在轴和承载原件产生局部应力峰值。这些应力峰值主要发生在锐边凹口和厚度变化的地方，特别是承载元件与轴芯的焊合处，促使轴和承载元件由于材料疲劳发生断裂。
基本上，混合式捏合机可分为单轴式和双轴式。专利CH-A506322描述了多轴混合-捏合机。其中，在轴上具有径向盘件，在盘之间设置轴向型捏合杆。框形混合和捏合元件在盘之间与其它轴啮合。这些混合和捏合元件清理第一个轴的盘和捏合杆。两个轴上的捏合杆再清理壳体内壁。
这种已知的双轴混合式捏合机的缺点在于，由于壳体截面的八字形状，两个轴套的连接区域具有缺陷。粘性产品加工和/或压力下进行的高压过程中仅能通过复杂的结构措施控制这些区域。
双轴机的其它问题如下：
-轴的抗压密封或极度真空密封
-壳体的防暴安全性
-壳内的同心精度，以及
-壳体密封
发明内容
任务
本发明的目的在于显著改善上述类型的装置，下面将其称为混合式捏合机，也就是要考虑产品加工以及净化产品接触的表面和产品卸料。
任务的解决方案
为了达到该目的，首先，每个混合-清理元件由一个盘件构成，该盘件的外边棱以半径绕轴的轴心延伸成约90度或略大的扇形段并且与两侧朝轴延伸的侧棱连接，其中每个边棱上安装一个或多个杆。
在这种配置中，不再存在现有技术中仍然普遍的清洗和搅拌器的区别。两个轴上的混合-清理原件即有混合作用也有清洗作用。这些元件可以最大范围地彻底清洁所有与产品接触的表面和元件。这不仅包括壳体的内壁，还包括混合-清洁元件本身以及轴套。
优选地，两个轴上的混合-清理元件的结构相同。这不仅简化了生产和维修，也使各工作元件的负载均衡，例如该混合-清理元件的杆部件。
本发明的主要特征还涉及该混合-清理元件的设计。这些元件分别配有一个盘件和至少一个安装在该盘件上轴向延伸的杆。该盘件的优选配置为在轴线上180度旋转对称偏置，仅限制部分捏合室，并且总是仅限制捏合室的一侧。这使产品流如同在迷宫中通过其进料到出料的推动下来回径向移动。从而具有先前并未已知的最佳径向混合。
此外，通过在混合-清理元件上安排盘件，还可以形成一个连续气室，使挥发性溶剂或类似的卸料得到显著改善。
在一个特别优选的实施例中，该盘件的外边棱沿半径延伸至轴的轴心。因此该盘件差不多覆盖了90度的扇形段或更大的范围。
此外，最好在盘件边棱的两端设置一个杆。即使在两个杆之间具有中间杆，也可以由此改善清理。
通过这样安排该混合-清理元件，将两个轴优选设计为按1∶1的比率同向旋转。其同向性不会造成所谓的辊研磨效应从而使产品受阻，特别是处理高粘性产品。
此外在实践中发现，两个轴以及其上设置的混合-清理元件的相同几何结构使产品流更加均匀地流动。此外，所选的设置可实现高度自我清洗，从而再次改善停留时间分布(更窄)并同时增强混合和捏合效果。
另外，如果使用相应的传送元件，特别是杆，所选择的混合-清理元件可能具有很好的回混。相应地，所选择的设置还适用于批处理机。
另一点要考虑的是，也是出于自我保护的要求，轴的横截面不再是圆形而是多边形，特别是四边或六边形状。而四边形的角之间的侧面形成弯曲使其形状缓和。此外，盘件上的杆可以实现更好的清洁。这种轴的多边形结构特别适用于非常昂贵并且严重壳化或极度高粘性的产品。此外，还可以通过多边形轴选择每个处理角。
本发明的另一种元件位于卸料装置，这也是出于独立保护的要求。卸料出口应该配有相应的卸料元件，该卸料元件伴随轴共同旋转。这些卸料元件可能配有例如具有锯齿和切割刃的卸料艉，从而通过切割齿切断连续的产品并且将其压至卸料出口。此外，导流装置也可以促进该卸料艉的运作。
这种专门的动态卸料艉与静态可调导流装置相结合，确保常规的产品输出。此外，不依赖于轴的几何结构，可以通过切割齿的数量选择轴每转的输出频率。这比双-或单螺杆卸料元件更加优化。这个选定的输出处置还促进了持续和返混过程的适宜液位控制。该输出处置特别适用于高粘性产品，被称为轴卷绕器。
还可能设置叠片组替代卸料艉，其中一张椭圆形的薄片位于轴上。还可以使其略微绕轴旋转，从而形成扇形的叠片组。
此外，不仅在一个轴下设置一个卸料出口，最好还在两轴之间设置一个或两个卸料出口。在此情况下，最好在两轴上都设置卸料元件，从而轴旋转一周时可以在卸料出口排出更多产品。
在本发明的考虑范围内，该卸料出口可能位于壳体的前壁。同样，该卸料出口也有可能置于筒状壳体内壁。此外，只要可以在操作中轴向和/或径向调节，该卸料出口还有可能是其中一个其他设置。
为了将产品调至最佳水平，可以在卸料出口配备一个折流板。
此外，该卸料出口可能配有一个单轴或多轴卸料螺旋。可以将其横置在下面或者也可以横跨主轴，而这种设置只是一种可能性。这种卸料螺旋也可以用于壳体残渣排空。此外，为了壳体的残渣排空，在底部具有可开关的折流板。另一种基本的可能性是，在壳体壁设置一个或多个用于残渣排空的可关闭的开口。优选地，该残渣排空与产品排放通向同一炉体内。
另一个发明构思涉及确定壳体含量/滞留的装置或配有称重单元的壳体。在本发明的首选体现中，该含量/滞留可以根据卸料螺旋的转速调节，也就是说，如果卸料螺旋减速，则应该增加壳体的含量，如果加速则情况相反。
反之，通过称重单元的信号控制卸料螺旋的转速，该装置的填充度当然也可以保持恒定。为了减缓逼近填充度，则转速减慢。为了加快逼近填充度，则转速增加，从而加速排放。
此外，通过壳体上的单轴或多轴入料螺旋采集固体材料。优选地，该入料螺旋准确通至壳体壁，例如也可以在侧面或通过一个端板。
排放同时产生的任何蒸汽应该连同产品通过壳体壁的出口一同排出。然后这些蒸汽在随后的落水管中回流至产品。
总之，本发明为一个混合式捏合机，其中由于其显著的自我清洗而不会发生团块。这使得该混合式捏合机的操作只需要部分填料，从而添加的固体材料具有充足的可用空间。因此，该混合式捏合机中不会产生难以承受的局部压力。
附图说明
本发明的其他优势、特征及详细说明将在随后的优选实施例的描述中参照附图加以阐述；
图1表示根据本发明用于实施机械、化学和/或热过程(混合式捏合机)的装置的正视图，该装置具有可拆卸的前盘件；
图2表示与图1类似的混合式捏合机的部分纵剖面图；
图3表示具有可拆卸前盘件的混合式捏合机的另一种实施例的正视示意图；
图4表示与图3类似的混合式捏合机的部分纵剖面图；
图5表示混合式捏合机中互动轴的其它两种实施例的示意正视图；
图6表示混合式捏合机中的两个互动轴的另一种实施例；
图7表示根据图1和图2的混合捏合机的一个解决方案的部分示意图。
根据图1和图2，在一个混合式捏合机P1中，两个轴1和2位于壳体3中，同时轴1和2以及壳体3中还可能填入温控介质。为此该壳体3形成双壁壳体。该壳体3的正面通过端板4封闭。
在轴1和2上设有结构基本相同的混合-清理元件5。该元件由一个盘件6构成，该盘件的外边棱7以半径r绕轴1或2的轴心A环绕成约90度的扇形段。然后弧形侧棱8.1和8.2从外边棱7延伸至轴1或2。这种盘件以180度旋转对称的方式依次设置在轴1或2上。
此外，该外边棱7显然设有两个大致与轴心A平行的杆9.1和9.2，而如图7所示，将其调整设置为倾斜。因此，可以为处理产品影响传输活动。
具体实施方式
待处理的产品通过入口10进入壳体3的内部并且在此处由轴1和2上旋转的混合-清理元件5控制。然后通过该混合-清理元件5对产品进行彻底地捏合及剪切，从而使其可以与其他产品、添加剂、溶剂、催化剂及引发剂等充分混合。相对于已知的混合式捏合机，本发明不再将具有搅拌元件的搅拌器与具有清洗元件的清洗器区分开来。根据本发明，具有混合-清理元件的轴1和2以同等程度混合产品并且清理另一轴或壳体内壁或另一轴上的混合-清理元件。
通过该盘件的所述设置及其设计可以实现最佳径向混合，特别是促进所谓的迷宫效应，如箭头11.1和11.2所示产品。同时，假设两个轴以1∶1的速率同向旋转，当前情况为顺时针旋转。
一旦产品到达端板4的方向，即虚线所示的出口12，根据本发明应将其引至该出口12。这是通过一个导流装置13与一个卸料艉14的共同作用。当该导流装置13静态固定在壳体内，该卸料艉14随轴1旋转，其中卸料艉配有多个切割齿，待排放的产品被压入卸料出口12。该切割齿在旋转方向上具有切割刃17。因此总有一部分产品流被切割并压至卸料出口12。
图3和图4表示另一种排放的可能性。在该卸料出口12的旁边还在两个轴1和2之间设有另外两个同样也可以排放产品的卸料出口12.1和12.2。而轴1和2上设置的叠片组15.1和15.2可以替代卸料艉，图3的对应俯视图示出一个椭圆形状的配置。这种配置可以确保排放部分产品。仅通过叠片组15.1控制出口12，这意味着每转只产生两个冲量。反之，卸料出口12.1和12.2经由叠片组15.1以及15.2，从而可能每转总是产生四个冲量。通过这种配置也可能控制产品排放，特别是排放量。
根据图5，在两个杆9.1和9.2之间应该还有一个第三杆9.3。因此可以再次改善相对盘件以及特别是相对轴的清理，如阴影区域所示。
图6表示轴1.1或2.1的截面还可以是多变形状。这当然主要是再次改善了利用杆9.1和9.2清理轴1.1或2.1的侧面，如相对于圆形轴的格影所示。
参考符号列表
  1   轴   34   67
  2   轴   35   68
  3   壳体   36   69
  4   端板   37   70
  5   混合-清理元件   38   71
  6   盘件   39   72
  7   边棱   40   73
  8   侧棱   41   74
  9   杆   42   75
  10   入口   43   76
  11   箭头(产品)   44   77
  12   卸料出口   45   78
  13   导流装置   46   79
  14   卸料艉   47
  15   叠片组   48   A   轴心
  16   锯齿   49
  17   切割刃   50
  18   51
  19   52
  20   53
  21   54
  22   55
  23   56
  24   57
  25   58
  26   59
  27   60
  28   61   P   混合式捏合机
  29   62
  30   63   r   半径
  31   64
  32   65
  33   66

Claims (8)

1.一种在轴(1，2)上具有混合-清理元件(5)的壳体(3)中进行机械、化学和/或热过程的装置，其中两个混合-清理元件(5)在至少一个轴(1，2)上相对于轴(1，2)的轴心(A)以180度旋转对称的方式在轴向上连续设置，并且轴(1，2)上的混合-清理元件(5)绕轴心转动时彼此啮合，
其特征在于，
该每个混合-清理元件(5)由一个盘件(6)构成，该盘件(6)的外边棱(7)以半径(r)绕轴(1，2)的轴心(A)延伸成约90度的扇形段并且与两侧朝轴(1，2)延伸的侧棱(8.1，8.2)连接，其中每个边棱(7)上安装一个或多个杆(9.1，9.2)。
2.根据权利要求1所述的装置，其特征在于，轴(1，2)上的混合-清理元件(5)的构造相同。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，边棱(7)上装有两个杆(9.1，9.2)，并且在此两个杆(9.1，9.2)之间具有一个中间杆(9.3)。
4.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，为了壳体(3)的残渣排空，在底部具有一个可开关的折流板。
5.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，壳体壁上具有一个或多个用于残渣排空的可关闭的开口。
6.根据权利要求5所述的装置，其特征在于，该用于残渣排空的壳体壁上的开口与产品排放通向同一炉体内。
7.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置具有单轴或多轴入料螺旋以将固体材料输入至壳体(3)。
8.根据权利要求1或2所述的装置，其特征在于，该装置由于良好的自我清洗而不会发生团块，因此该装置的操作可以只进行部分填料，从而添加的固体材料具有充足的可用空间，在该装置中不会产生难以承受的局部压力。
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US9126158B2 (en) 2015-09-08
WO2010034446A3 (de) 2010-07-15
DE102008048580A1 (de) 2010-04-22
JP2012502787A (ja) 2012-02-02
CN102159306A (zh) 2011-08-17
EP2328677A2 (de) 2011-06-08
US20110211420A1 (en) 2011-09-01
CA2737497A1 (en) 2010-04-01
WO2010034446A2 (de) 2010-04-01
EP2328677B1 (de) 2013-08-14
DE102008048580B4 (de) 2014-08-21

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