CN102153845B - 一种硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料及其制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102153845B
CN102153845B CN2011101322140A CN201110132214A CN102153845B CN 102153845 B CN102153845 B CN 102153845B CN 2011101322140 A CN2011101322140 A CN 2011101322140A CN 201110132214 A CN201110132214 A CN 201110132214A CN 102153845 B CN102153845 B CN 102153845B
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刘珍如
刘立文
付桃梅
杨志强
宁勇
鲁纪鸣
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Hunan Fu Xiang New Type Building Material Co Ltd
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/40Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using two or more parallel screws or at least two parallel non-intermeshing screws, e.g. twin screw extruders
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
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    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/92876Feeding, melting, plasticising or pumping zones, e.g. the melt itself
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    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C2948/00Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
    • B29C2948/92Measuring, controlling or regulating
    • B29C2948/92819Location or phase of control
    • B29C2948/92857Extrusion unit
    • B29C2948/92904Die; Nozzle zone

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Abstract

一种硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料及其制备方法,该硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料由以下重量份数的原料制成:聚乳酸65~85份、硫酸钙5~20份、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5~30份。本发明还包括硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料之制备方法。本发明之硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料,冲击强度高,耐水性好,尺寸稳定性好,特别适于制作生物医学产品、包装产品、生活用品、电子电器外壳、汽车仪表盘等。

Description

一种硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料及其制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种聚乳酸材料及其制备方法,尤其是涉及一种硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料及其制备方法。
背景技术
聚乳酸是一种新型生物降解材料,使用后在自然环境的作用下可以进行完全生物降解, 最终分解为CO2和H2O,对环境无污染;并且聚乳酸材料有良好的透气性、透氧性、热稳定性、抗溶剂性和生物相容性,广泛应用于生物医学、包装、电子电器、汽车等重要领域,但是,聚乳酸材料耐水性差,冲击强度不够高,这限制了其应用范围。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是,克服现有聚乳酸材料的不足,提供一种冲击强度高,耐水性好,尺寸稳定性好的硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料及其制备方法。
本发明解决所述技术问题所采用的技术方案是:
本发明之硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料由以下重量份数的原料制成:聚乳酸(PLA) 65~85份、硫酸钙5~20份、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5~30份。
改进冲击强度优选的重量配比为:聚乳酸(PLA)85份、硫酸钙5份、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷10份。
改进吸水率优选的重量配比为:聚乳酸(PLA) 75份、硫酸钙20份、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5份。
改进综合性能优选的重量配比为:聚乳酸(PLA)70份、硫酸钙15份、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷15份。
本发明之硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)硫酸钙的表面改性:将偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷溶于200~300ml(优选250ml)无水乙醇中,于30~50℃(优选45℃)下搅拌4~7小时(优选5小时),反复清洗、抽滤4-6次(优选5次)直至杂质除去;再加入300-500ml(优选500ml)无水乙醇得悬浮液;然后加入硫酸钙,并搅拌20~35分钟(优选25分钟),超声8-12分钟(优选10分钟),再搅拌20~35分钟(优选25分钟);用无水乙醇抽滤,清洗4-6次(优选5次),再于真空箱中于45~55℃(优选50℃)下干燥23~25小时(优选24小时),得到干燥的改性无水硫酸钙;
(2)将聚乳酸和步骤(1)得到的改性无水硫酸钙放入高速搅拌器中,于常温下搅拌20~35min(优选30min),得改性无水硫酸钙与聚乳酸的混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)所得混合物通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,控制机头温度140~175℃(优选165℃),螺杆转速100~120r/min(优选110 r/min)。
硫酸钙晶须,又称石膏晶须,是一种硫酸钙的纤维状单晶体。由于硫酸钙是无机填料,而聚乳酸是高聚物,两者界面相容性差,加入乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷,其分子链上有亲聚乳酸的乙烯基,还有亲硫酸钙的乙氧基。所以乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷能够很好的改善聚乳酸和无水硫酸钙之间的界面相容性,从而保证材料的整体力学强度。研究表明,本发明使用之改性硫酸钙晶须具有均匀的横截面,完整的内部结构,这一特征赋予其接近晶体理论值-原子间价键的强度,且化学性质不活泼,具有耐化学药品性和电绝缘性。由于其具有极高的强度,细微的尺寸,易与聚乳酸粘合,提高与基体的相容性和界面黏结力,当受外力强迫取向时,聚乳酸中的残余应力能很好地传递给硫酸钙晶须,从而提高材料的强度,同时提高材料的耐水性和外观白度,并大大地降低成本。由于硫酸钙晶须为无机物,在聚乳酸基质中分散均匀,不易团聚,使复合材料性能稳定。
本发明之硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料,冲击强度高,耐水性好,尺寸稳定性好,特别适于制作生物医学产品、包装产品、生活用品、电子电器外壳、汽车仪表盘等。
具体实施方式
以下结合实施例对本发明作进一步详细说明。
实施例1
本实施例的硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料的原料重量配比:聚乳酸(PLA) 15Kg、硫酸钙4 Kg、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷1 Kg。
制备方法:
(1)硫酸钙的表面改性:将偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷溶于250ml无水乙醇中,于45℃下搅拌5小时,反复清洗、抽滤5次直至杂质除去;再加500ml无水乙醇得悬浮液;然后加入硫酸钙,并搅拌25分钟,超声10分钟,再搅拌25分钟;用无水乙醇抽滤,清洗5次,再在真空箱中50℃干燥24小时得到干燥的改性无水硫酸钙;
(2)将聚乳酸和步骤(1)得到的改性无水硫酸钙放入高速搅拌器中,于常温下搅拌30min,得改性无水硫酸钙与聚乳酸的混合物;
(3)步骤(2)所得混合物通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,控制机头温度165℃,螺杆转速110r/min。
本实施例产品性能检测,冲击强度按照GB/T1043-1993,吸水率按GB1034-86规定方法进行,结果见表1。
实施例2
本实施例的硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料的原料重量配比:聚乳酸(PLA) 14Kg、硫酸钙3Kg、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷3 Kg。
制备方法:
(1)硫酸钙的表面改性:将偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷溶于250ml无水乙醇中,于45℃下搅拌5小时,反复清洗、抽滤5次直至杂质除去;再加入450ml无水乙醇得悬浮液;然后加入硫酸钙,并搅拌25分钟,超声10分钟,再搅拌25分钟;用无水乙醇抽滤,清洗5次,再在真空箱中50℃干燥24小时得到干燥的改性无水硫酸钙;
(2)将聚乳酸和步骤(1)得到的改性无水硫酸钙放入高速搅拌器中,于常温下搅拌30min,得改性无水硫酸钙与聚乳酸的混合物;
(3)步骤(2)所得混合物通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,控制机头温度150℃,螺杆转速110r/min。
本实施例产品性能检测,冲击强度按照GB/T1043-1993,吸水率按GB1034-86规定方法进行,结果见表1。
实施例3
本实施例的硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料的原料重量配比:聚乳酸(PLA) 17Kg、硫酸钙1Kg、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷2 Kg。
制备方法:
(1)硫酸钙的表面改性:将偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷溶于250ml无水乙醇中,于45℃下搅拌5小时,反复清洗、抽滤5次直至杂质除去;再加入500ml无水乙醇得悬浮液;然后加入硫酸钙,并搅拌25分钟,超声10分钟,再搅拌25分钟;用无水乙醇抽滤,清洗5次,再在真空箱中50℃干燥24小时得到干燥的改性无水硫酸钙;
(2)将聚乳酸和步骤(1)得到的改性无水硫酸钙放入高速搅拌器中,于常温下搅拌30min,得改性无水硫酸钙与聚乳酸的混合物;
(3)步骤(2)所得混合物通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,控制机头温度165℃,螺杆转速110r/min。
本实施例产品性能检测,冲击强度按GB/T1043-1993,吸水率按GB1034-86规定方法进行,结果见表1。
由表中检测结果可知,硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料与改性前聚乳酸材料相比,其冲击强度高,吸水率降低,耐水性好。
表1实施例1-3产品及聚乳酸的性能检测结果比较
  冲击强度KJ/m2 吸水率%
实施例1 79.4 15.2
实施例2 82.4 17.8
实施例3 84.4 19.8
聚乳酸 70.5 23.5

Claims (5)

1. 一种硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料制成:聚乳酸65~85份、硫酸钙5~20份、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5~30份;
所述硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料的制备方法,包括以下步骤:
(1)硫酸钙的表面改性:将偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷溶于200~300ml无水乙醇中,于30~50℃下搅拌4~7小时,反复清洗、抽滤4-6次直至杂质除去;再加入300~500ml无水乙醇,得悬浮液;然后加入硫酸钙,并搅拌20~35分钟,超声10分钟,再搅拌20~35分钟;用无水乙醇抽滤,清洗4-6次,再在真空箱中于45~55℃下干燥23~25小时,得到干燥的改性无水硫酸钙;
(2)将聚乳酸和步骤(1)得到的改性无水硫酸钙放入高速搅拌器中,于常温下搅拌20~35min,得改性无水硫酸钙与聚乳酸的混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)所得改性无水硫酸钙与聚乳酸的混合物通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,控制机头温度140~175℃,螺杆转速100~120r/min。
2.根据权利要求1所述的硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料制成:聚乳酸85份、硫酸钙5份、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷10份。
3.根据权利要求1所述的硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料制成:聚乳酸75份、硫酸钙20份、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷5份。
4.根据权利要求1所述的硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料,其特征在于,由以下重量份数的原料制成:聚乳酸70份、硫酸钙15份、偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷15份。
5.根据权利要求1-4之一所述的硫酸钙改性聚乳酸材料,其特征在于,所述制备方法包括以下步骤:
(1)硫酸钙的表面改性:将偶联剂乙烯基三乙氧基硅烷溶于250ml无水乙醇中,于45℃下搅拌5小时,反复清洗、抽滤5次直至杂质除去;再加入500ml无水乙醇得悬浮液;然后加入硫酸钙,并搅拌25分钟,超声10分钟,再搅拌25分钟;用无水乙醇抽滤,清洗5次,再在真空箱中50℃干燥24小时,得到干燥的改性无水硫酸钙;
(2)将聚乳酸和步骤(1)得到的改性无水硫酸钙放入高速搅拌器中,于常温下搅拌30min,得改性无水硫酸钙与聚乳酸的混合物;
(3)将步骤(2)所得混合物通过双螺杆挤出机挤出造粒,控制机头温度165℃,螺杆转速110r/min。
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CN101705022A (zh) * 2009-12-02 2010-05-12 华东交通大学 一种硬质聚氯乙烯塑料增韧增强剂的制备方法

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