CN102152464A - 一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机 - Google Patents

一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机 Download PDF

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CN102152464A
CN102152464A CN2010105496753A CN201010549675A CN102152464A CN 102152464 A CN102152464 A CN 102152464A CN 2010105496753 A CN2010105496753 A CN 2010105496753A CN 201010549675 A CN201010549675 A CN 201010549675A CN 102152464 A CN102152464 A CN 102152464A
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screw
groove
spiral shell
screw rod
edge
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唐广利
贾明印
薛平
潘龙
苗立荣
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Beijing University of Chemical Technology
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/685Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
    • B29C48/686Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having grooves or cavities
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/363Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using non-actuated dynamic mixing devices
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/395Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders
    • B29C48/397Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using screws surrounded by a cooperating barrel, e.g. single screw extruders using a single screw
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/501Extruder feed section
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/681Barrels or cylinders for single screws
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50Details of extruders
    • B29C48/68Barrels or cylinders
    • B29C48/685Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads
    • B29C48/688Barrels or cylinders characterised by their inner surfaces, e.g. having grooves, projections or threads having threads

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机,储料室(5)为半封闭的具有确定的几何形状,由沟槽螺棱推进面(1)、沟槽螺棱后缘面(2)、螺杆螺棱推进面(3)和螺杆螺棱后缘面(4)围成;当螺杆旋转时,在沟槽螺棱推进面(1)和螺杆螺棱推进面(3)的推动下,储料室(5)沿所述的机筒衬套沟槽(6)方向向前运动,进而推动储料室(5)内物料沿机筒衬套沟槽(6)方向向前输送,实现在沟槽螺棱推进面(1)和螺杆螺棱推进面(3)双螺棱推动作用下的物料输送。可有效解决传统单螺杆挤出机对聚合物性能要求苛刻、难以实现高粘度低摩擦系数物料的稳定挤出、固体输送段建压能力差、输送效率低、比能耗大等缺陷。

Description

一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机
技术领域
本发明是一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机,主要涉及对聚合物输送机理的演变及加料段机筒衬套和螺杆整体结构的匹配设计,可用于板材、管材、异型材等塑料制品的高产量挤出成型。
背景技术
传统的单螺杆挤出机固体输送机理为摩擦拖曳输送。在摩擦拖曳输送中,螺杆旋转时,固体塞可看做沿螺槽方向绕螺杆旋转的“螺母”,因此固体塞相对于螺杆运动模型可被视为“螺母模型”。在“螺母模型”中,机筒表面对“螺母”摩擦力为动力,螺杆表面对“螺母”摩擦力为阻力,为防止螺杆旋转时“螺母”在机筒表面打滑而停滞向前输送,必须使机筒表面摩擦力大于螺杆表面摩擦力,以确保物料有效向前输送,如专利CN201357555Y,CN201224168Y等。摩擦拖曳输送的缺点主要包括:(1)对物料性能要求苛刻,难以实现高粘度、低摩擦系数物料的稳定挤出;(2)固体输送段建压能力差,沿螺杆轴向为逆向压力系统,机筒与螺杆之间间隙导致较大漏流;(3)输送效率低,机筒和螺杆之间的磨损严重,比能耗较大。
已经有一些公开的针对提高单螺杆固体输送效率的改进方法或设备,如专利CN2546176Y,AT397941B,DE3443412A1等。这些改进方法的共同特点是在机筒加料段衬套内壁开设轴向直槽或螺旋沟槽来增大机筒表面的摩擦力。通过在机筒衬套内壁开槽将物料输送过程中的动力由物料与机筒间的外摩擦力转化为物料与物料间的内摩擦力,有效增大了固体塞输送的动力,提高了输送效率。但这种输送机理仍是摩擦拖曳输送机理,因此这些改进方法或设备还存在以下缺点:(1)因这些方法或结构均建立在摩擦拖曳输送机理之上,物料在输送过程中受到强烈的剪切作用,导致固体输送段产生大量的摩擦耗散热,固体输送段需要强制冷却,造成加大额外的能耗;(2)物料输送中,产生的高剪切、高摩擦热,导致对不同加工物料的适应性差;(3)因固体塞内部受到较大的周向剪切,导致机筒加料衬套磨损大,导致设备成本的增加,不适用于熔料挤出机和排气挤出机;(4)导致挤出机整体的比产量减小,比能耗加大。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于克服现有技术的不足,提供一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机,有效解决利用传统固体输送方式造成的单螺杆挤出机输送效率低、能耗大、对不同加工物料适应性差的技术缺陷。
为了实现上述目的,本发明采取了如下技术方案:
一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机,包括,储料室、机筒衬套沟槽、螺杆加料段;储料室为半封闭的具有确定几何形状,由沟槽螺棱推进面、沟槽螺棱后缘面、螺杆螺棱推进面和螺杆螺棱后缘面围成;当螺杆旋转时,在沟槽螺棱推进面和螺杆螺棱推进面的推动下,储料室沿所述的机筒衬套沟槽方向向前运动,进而推动储料室内物料沿机筒衬套沟槽方向向前输送,实现在沟槽螺棱推进面和螺杆螺棱推进面双螺棱推动作用下的物料输送。
前述的机筒衬套的沟槽头数为螺杆直径的10%-25%,沟槽深度为螺杆直径的5%-15%,沟槽宽为沟槽深的1.5-6倍,沟槽螺纹升角为30°-90°。
前述的螺杆加料段的螺纹头数为单头或双头,螺杆加料段螺槽深为螺杆直径的5%-15%,螺杆加料段螺距为0.5-1.5倍的螺杆直径,螺杆加料段螺纹升角为10°-25°,螺杆压缩比大于1,螺杆头部设置混炼元件。
前述的储料室的平面几何形状为近似平行四边形,平行四边形顶角为机筒衬套沟槽和螺杆螺槽间夹角。
本发明一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机与现有技术相比较,本发明具有以下优点:
(1)因这些方法或结构均建立在正位移输送机理之上,物料在沟槽螺棱和螺杆螺棱的共同推力作用下整体向前输送,可实现对高粘度、低摩擦系数物料的稳定输送挤出,挤出机的输送能力显著提高,产量大幅增加;
(2)物料在输送过程中,避免了固体塞受到强烈的层间剪切和内部滑移,同时机筒衬套内壁及螺杆表面均为光滑加工面,摩擦力大大减小,导致固体输送段的机筒加料套磨损小、比能耗减小;
(3)沿螺杆轴向为正向压力系统,挤出制品时压力波动小,挤出稳定,制品质量高;
(4)比产量大、比能耗小。
附图说明
图1:本发明机筒内衬套剖视图;
图2:本发明物料输送模型图。
图中:1为沟槽螺棱推进面;2为沟槽螺棱后缘面;3为螺杆螺棱推进面;4为螺杆螺棱后缘面;5为储料室;6为机筒衬套沟槽;7为机筒衬套;8为螺杆加料段;9为螺杆螺槽;
具体实施方式
以下结合说明书附图对本发明的具体实施例加以说明。
请参阅图1所示,为本发明机筒内衬套剖视图。从图中可以看出,6为机筒衬套沟槽;7为机筒衬套;8为螺杆加料段;9为螺杆螺槽。
请参阅图2所示,为本发明物料输送模型图。1为沟槽螺棱推进面;2为沟槽螺棱后缘面;3为螺杆螺棱推进面;4为螺杆螺棱后缘面;5为储料室。
第一实施例:本实例加工原料为高密度聚乙烯(牌号:5000S),螺杆直径90mm,长径比30,螺纹头数1,右旋,加料段螺槽深10mm,螺杆转速125r/min,驱动功率167KW,机筒衬套沟槽左旋,螺旋角50°,沟槽数12,沟槽深8mm,沟槽宽16mm。
本发明的物料输送工作原理如见图2,半封闭储料室5由沟槽螺棱推进面1、沟槽螺棱后缘面2、螺杆螺棱推进面3和螺杆螺棱后缘面4围成。储料室5俯视图为平行四边形,平行四边形顶角为机筒衬套沟槽6和螺杆螺槽9间夹角。储料室5高度等于沟槽深和螺槽深之和。当螺杆转动时,储料室5内的高密度聚乙烯物料在沟槽螺棱推进面1和螺杆螺棱推进面3的共同作用下,沿机筒衬套沟槽6螺旋角向前输送。由于避免了储料室5内的固体塞在机筒衬套7与螺杆加料段8分界面处发生层间剪切和内部滑移,可实现固体塞在机筒沟槽螺棱推进面1推力和螺杆螺棱推进面3推力的共同作用下的正位移输送。
按该固体输送方法和结构参数设计的单螺杆挤出机的固体输送最高产量为1200Kg/h,名义比功率为0.139KW/(Kg/h),比流量为9.6(Kg/h)/rpm。而同等参数下按传统摩擦拖曳输送机理设计的Battenfeld挤出机的最高产量为800Kg/h,名义比功率为0.300KW/(Kg/h),比流量为5.839(Kg/h)/rpm。
第二实施例:本实例加工原料为低密度聚乙烯(牌号:LD607),螺杆直径45mm,长径比26,螺纹头数2,右旋,加料段螺槽深4mm,螺杆转速120r/min,驱动功率17KW,机筒衬套沟槽左旋,螺旋角55°,沟槽数8,沟槽深5mm,沟槽宽9mm。
本发明的物料输送工作原理如见图2,半封闭储料室5由沟槽螺棱推进面1、沟槽螺棱后缘面2、螺杆螺棱推进面3和螺杆螺棱后缘面4围成。储料室5俯视图为平行四边形,平行四边形顶角为机筒衬套沟槽6和螺杆螺槽9间夹角。储料室5高度等于沟槽深和螺槽深之和。当螺杆转动时,储料室5内的低密度聚乙烯物料在沟槽螺棱推进面1和螺杆螺棱推进面3的共同作用下,沿机筒衬套沟槽6螺旋角向前输送。由于避免了储料室5内的固体塞在机筒衬套7与螺杆加料段8分界面处发生层间剪切和内部滑移,可实现固体塞在机筒沟槽螺棱推进面1推力和螺杆螺棱推进面3推力的共同作用下的正位移输送。挤出时最高产量为115Kg/h,名义比功率为0.148KW/(Kg/h),比流量为0.96(Kg/h)/rpm。
本发明中在机筒衬套内壁开设与螺杆螺槽旋向相反的多头螺旋沟槽,机筒衬套和螺杆为一个对物料协同输送的整体系统,通过机筒衬套与螺杆结构参数的匹配设计形成类似于双螺杆挤出机的双螺棱推动的正位移固体输送方式。而其相应的类比模型为“剪刀推力模型”。在“剪刀推力模型”中,沟槽螺棱推进面与螺杆螺棱推进面类似于剪刀的两个推力面,它们整体协同作用确保固体塞不被剪断而在沟槽螺棱推进面推力与螺杆螺棱推进面推力为动力的前提下向前输送,同时固体塞与机筒衬套和螺杆间的摩擦力则转变为阻力。
本发明可用其他的不违背本发明的精神或主要特征的具体形式来概述。因此,无论从哪一点来看,本发明的上述实施方案都只能认为是对本发明的说明而不能限制本发明,权利要求书指出了本发明的范围,因此,与本发明的权利要求书相当的含有和范围内的任何改变,都应认为是包括在权利要求书的范围内。

Claims (4)

1.一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机,包括,储料室(5)、机筒衬套沟槽(6)、螺杆加料段(8);其特征在于:所述的储料室(5)为半封闭的具有确定几何形状,由沟槽螺棱推进面(1)、沟槽螺棱后缘面(2)、螺杆螺棱推进面(3)和螺杆螺棱后缘面(4)围成;当螺杆旋转时,在沟槽螺棱推进面(1)和螺杆螺棱推进面(3)的推动下,储料室(5)沿所述的机筒衬套沟槽(6)方向向前运动,推动储料室(5)内物料沿机筒衬套沟槽(6)方向向前输送,实现在沟槽螺棱推进面(1)和螺杆螺棱推进面(3)双螺棱推动作用下的物料输送。
2.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机,其特征在于:机筒衬套(7)的沟槽头数为螺杆直径的10%-25%,沟槽深度为螺杆直径的5%-15%,沟槽宽为沟槽深的1.5-6倍,沟槽螺纹升角为30°-90°。
3.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机,其特征在于:螺杆加料段(8)的螺纹头数为单头或双头,螺杆加料段螺槽(9)深为螺杆直径的5%-15%,螺杆加料段螺距为0.5-1.5倍的螺杆直径,螺杆加料段螺纹升角为10°-25°,螺杆压缩比大于1,螺杆头部设置混炼元件。
4.根据权利要求1所述的一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机,其特征在于:所述的储料室的几何形状为近似平行四边形,平行四边形顶角为机筒衬套沟槽(6)和螺杆螺槽(9)间夹角。
CN2010105496753A 2010-11-19 2010-11-19 一种基于双螺棱推动输送的单螺杆挤出机 Pending CN102152464A (zh)

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CN103252885A (zh) * 2012-02-16 2013-08-21 北京化工大学 一种基于径向熔融的沟槽机筒挤出机
CN103252885B (zh) * 2012-02-16 2015-04-15 北京化工大学 一种基于径向熔融的沟槽机筒挤出机
CN102922616A (zh) * 2012-11-20 2013-02-13 施丽花 一种挡板式连续混炼机
CN103770310A (zh) * 2013-06-27 2014-05-07 北京化工大学 一种沟槽机筒挤出机
CN103770310B (zh) * 2013-06-27 2016-05-11 北京化工大学 一种沟槽机筒挤出机
CN103587100A (zh) * 2013-11-08 2014-02-19 江苏美电电工机械科技有限公司 一种强制推料型挤橡机螺杆
WO2015158282A1 (zh) * 2014-04-17 2015-10-22 奥卓海(上海)机械有限公司 超高分子量聚乙烯纯料挤出单螺杆挤出机
CN104999644A (zh) * 2014-04-17 2015-10-28 奥卓海(上海)机械有限公司 超高分子量聚乙烯纯料管材生产工艺及其铸造机
CN105014919A (zh) * 2014-04-17 2015-11-04 奥卓海(上海)机械有限公司 超高分子量聚乙烯纯料挤出单螺杆挤出机
CN103963260A (zh) * 2014-05-08 2014-08-06 谢娟 一种一体式螺纹塑胶绳挤出模具
CN104029411A (zh) * 2014-06-20 2014-09-10 辛勇 垃圾固液分离装置
CN104029411B (zh) * 2014-06-20 2017-03-22 北京沃尔夫斯科技有限公司 垃圾固液分离装置
CN106536154A (zh) * 2014-06-30 2017-03-22 米其林集团总公司 包括带有螺纹的筒的挤出机
CN109803806A (zh) * 2016-10-18 2019-05-24 克劳斯马菲技术有限公司 用于塑料加工机的圆筒和用于运行挤出机的方法

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