CN102152459A - 连续混合系统和设备 - Google Patents

连续混合系统和设备 Download PDF

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CN102152459A
CN102152459A CN2010106181835A CN201010618183A CN102152459A CN 102152459 A CN102152459 A CN 102152459A CN 2010106181835 A CN2010106181835 A CN 2010106181835A CN 201010618183 A CN201010618183 A CN 201010618183A CN 102152459 A CN102152459 A CN 102152459A
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mixture
extruder
gear pump
equipment
tire
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G·R·伯格
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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Goodyear Tire and Rubber Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/002—Methods
    • B29B7/007—Methods for continuous mixing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/50—Details of extruders
    • B29C48/505—Screws
    • B29C48/67—Screws having incorporated mixing devices not provided for in groups B29C48/52 - B29C48/66
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/32—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices with non-movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/325—Static mixers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29B7/60—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations for feeding, e.g. end guides for the incoming material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/30—Mixing; Kneading continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/58—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
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    • B29B7/726—Measuring properties of mixture, e.g. temperature or density
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29B7/7485—Systems, i.e. flow charts or diagrams; Plants with consecutive mixers, e.g. with premixing some of the components
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29B7/88—Adding charges, i.e. additives
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/03—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor characterised by the shape of the extruded material at extrusion
    • B29C48/07—Flat, e.g. panels
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/16—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers
    • B29C48/18—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers
    • B29C48/21—Articles comprising two or more components, e.g. co-extruded layers the components being layers the layers being joined at their surfaces
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/365—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using pumps, e.g. piston pumps
    • B29C48/37—Gear pumps
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/375—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages
    • B29C48/387—Plasticisers, homogenisers or feeders comprising two or more stages using a screw extruder and a gear pump
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/25—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B29C48/36—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die
    • B29C48/49—Means for plasticising or homogenising the moulding material or forcing it through the nozzle or die using two or more extruders to feed one die or nozzle
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29D—PRODUCING PARTICULAR ARTICLES FROM PLASTICS OR FROM SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE
    • B29D30/00—Producing pneumatic or solid tyres or parts thereof
    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/08—Building tyres
    • B29D30/10—Building tyres on round cores, i.e. the shape of the core is approximately identical with the shape of the completed tyre
    • B29D30/16—Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application
    • B29D30/1628—Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application by feeding a continuous band and winding it helically, i.e. the band is fed while being advanced along the core axis, to form an annular element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29D30/06—Pneumatic tyres or parts thereof (e.g. produced by casting, moulding, compression moulding, injection moulding, centrifugal casting)
    • B29D30/08—Building tyres
    • B29D30/20—Building tyres by the flat-tyre method, i.e. building on cylindrical drums
    • B29D30/30—Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application
    • B29D30/3028—Applying the layers; Guiding or stretching the layers during application by feeding a continuous band and winding it helically, i.e. the band is fed while being advanced along the drum axis, to form an annular element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29C2948/00—Indexing scheme relating to extrusion moulding
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B29K2021/00—Use of unspecified rubbers as moulding material
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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Heating, Cooling, Or Curing Plastics Or The Like In General (AREA)
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Abstract

一种连续混合系统和设备。一种用于施加第一混合物和第二混合物的混合物的设备，所述设备包括：用于第一混合物的第一挤出机和第一齿轮泵；用于第二混合物的第二挤出机和第二齿轮泵；用于促进剂混合物的第三挤出机和第三齿轮泵；和用于使所述第一混合物、所述第二混合物和所述促进剂混合物混合在一起的混合装置，其中所述混合装置位于所述第一、第二和第三挤出机和所述第一、第二和第三齿轮泵的下游。

Description

连续混合系统和设备
其它申请的交叉参考
本申请要求2009年12月23日提交的美国临时申请号61/289,630的权益，并通过引用该申请而将其结合到本文中。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及轮胎制造，更特别是，涉及连续制备定制橡胶混合物。
发明背景
由于技术的进步和高度竞争的工业环境，轮胎制造商已进行更复杂的设计。特别是，为了满足客户要求，轮胎设计者寻求在轮胎中使用多种橡胶混合物。每种轮胎使用多种橡胶混合物可造成需要大量混合物用于制造商的现有的不同轮胎线。由于成本和效率原因，轮胎制造商由于与各混合物相关的庞大成本寻求限制可利用的各混合物的数量。各混合物一般需要使用班伯里混合机，这涉及昂贵的资本支出。另外，班伯里混合机混合韧性或硬橡胶混合物困难。由班伯里混合机产出的混合物一般运输到轮胎成型设备，因此需要另外的运输费用。混合物的保存期是有限的，因而如果不在一定时期内使用，就要废弃。
因此，需要一种改进的方法和设备，这种方法和设备基本减少使用班伯里混合机的需要，同时，通过将两种或更多种混合物一起共混，并控制这些混合物和其它添加剂的比例，提供为在轮胎成型机定制混合作准备的设备和技术。非生产性混合物和/或生产性混合物两者可一起共混。还需要在轮胎成型机具有一种系统，此系统提供用固化促进剂制备可定制混合物的能力。要解决的另一个问题是在轮胎成型机连续产生混合物。
发明简述
在第一方面，本发明提供一种用于施加第一混合物和第二混合物的混合物的设备，所述设备包括：用于第一混合物的第一挤出机和第一齿轮泵；用于第二混合物的第二挤出机和第二齿轮泵；用于促进剂混合物的第三挤出机和第三齿轮泵；和用于使所述第一混合物、所述第二混合物和所述促进剂混合物混合在一起的混合装置，其中所述混合装置位于所述第一、第二和第三挤出机和所述第一、第二和第三齿轮泵的下游。
定义
“高宽比”是指轮胎的截面高度与其截面宽度之比。
“轴向的”和“轴向地”是指平行于轮胎旋转轴的线或方向。
“胎圈”或“胎圈芯”一般指包括环形承拉构件的轮胎的部分，径向内部胎圈与将轮胎保持到胎圈轮缘(rim)相关，胎圈轮缘由帘布包裹并用或不用其它增强元件(reinforcement elements)成形，所述增强元件有例如钢丝圈包布(flipper)、切片包布(chipper)、三角胶(apex)或填料、护脚(toe guard)和胎圈包布(chafer)。
“带结构”或“增强带”是指织造或非织造、位于胎面下面、未锚接到胎圈并且与轮胎的赤道平面具有17°至27°左右两个帘线角(cordangles)的平行帘线的至少两个环形层或层片。
“斜交帘布轮胎”是指胎体层片中的增强帘线跨轮胎从胎圈到胎圈与轮胎赤道平面成约25-65°角对角地延伸，帘布在交替层中成相反角度延伸。
“缓冲层”或“轮胎缓冲层”意指与带或带结构或增强带相同。
“胎体”是指轮胎层片材料和切成适用于接合或已接合成圆筒形或复曲面形状的长度的其它轮胎元件的层压材料。另外的元件可在其被硫化产生模塑轮胎之前加到胎体中。
“圆周”是指沿着垂直于轴向的环形胎面的表面的周边延伸的线或方向，它也可以指其半径限定胎面的轴向曲率的多组相邻圆曲线的方向，如在横截面中见到的那样。
“帘线”是指用于增强层片的一个包括纤维的增强股(reinforcement strand)。
“无内胎轮胎衬里”是指形成无内胎轮胎的内表面并且在轮胎内包含充入流体的一层或多层弹性体或其它材料。
“插入物”是指一般用于增强失压续跑型轮胎(runflat-type tires)的侧壁的加强筋(reinforcement)，它也指位于胎面下的弹性体插入物。
“层片”指弹性体涂覆的、径向散开或平行的帘线的帘线增强层。
“径向的”和“径向地”是指放射状地朝向或离开轮胎旋转轴的方向。
“子午线帘布层片结构(Radial Ply Structure)”是指一个或多个胎体层片或其至少一层具有与轮胎赤道平面成65°和90°之间角度取向的增强帘线。
“子午线帘布层片轮胎(Radial Ply Tire)”是指其中从胎圈延伸到胎圈的帘布与轮胎赤道平面成65°和90°之间帘线角度布置的带束或圆周限制充气轮胎。
“侧壁”指胎面和胎圈之间的轮胎部分。
“层压结构”是指由一个或多个轮胎或弹性体元件层(如衬里、侧壁和任选的层片)制成的未硫化结构。
“生产性混合物”是指包含促进剂、硫和使橡胶固化所需的其它材料的橡胶混合物。
“非生产性混合物”是指不具有一种或多种以下项目的橡胶混合物：1)促进剂、2)硫；或3)固化剂。
附图简述
现在将通过实施例并参考附图描述本发明，其中：
图1为本发明的混合系统的示意图；和
图2为本发明的第二实施方案的示意图。
本发明的具体实施方式
图1示例性说明适用于制备轮胎或轮胎元件的橡胶组合物的连续混合系统所用方法和设备10的第一实施方案。连续混合系统不限于轮胎应用，并且可用于例如制造不涉及轮胎的其它橡胶元件，如输送带、软管、带等。混合系统可直接在轮胎成型机提供，用于将橡胶组合物直接施加到轮胎成型鼓或其它轮胎成型设备。如图1所示，图1显示包括挤出机20的连续混合设备10。挤出机20具有用于接收第一混合物A的入口22，第一混合物A可以为生产性或非生产性橡胶组合物。挤出机可包括适用于处理橡胶或弹性体混合物的任何市售挤出机。挤出机可包括本领域的技术人员一般称为销钉型挤出机(pin typeextruder)、双螺杆挤出机、环型挤出机或单螺杆挤出机的市售可获得的挤出机。一种适用的市售可获得的挤出机为VMI-AZ GmbH，荷兰销售的多切转移混合(multicut transfermix，MCT)挤出机。优选挤出机的L/D为约8，但可以为约5至约25的范围。销钉型或MCT型挤出机或其组合是优选的，但不限于此。
挤出机工作将混合物A加热到范围约80℃至约150℃，优选约90℃至约120℃的温度，以根据需要塑炼(masticate)橡胶组合物。混合物A离开挤出机，并进料至任选的齿轮泵25。任选的齿轮泵25作为计量装置和泵起作用。齿轮泵可具有齿轮，如行星齿轮、伞形齿轮或其它齿轮。将来自齿轮泵25的输出物进料至混合或共混室30。混合室可以为任何市售的混合装置(如VMI销售的MCTD)或静态混合机。在混合物A进入混合室时，它与混合物B混合。
混合物B也可包括生产性或非生产性橡胶组合物。以下更详细地描述混合物B组合物的实例。在进入混合室30之前，首先通过挤出机40和齿轮泵42挤出混合物B。挤出机40可以为常规销钉型、环型、双螺杆或单螺杆型挤出机。齿轮泵42作为计量装置和泵起作用，并且可具有齿轮，如行星齿轮、伞形齿轮或其它齿轮。挤出机40和齿轮泵42也可以为组合装置。
可任选通过油泵60将油注入混合机。油控制混合室中复合混合物的粘度。设备可还包含一种或多种促进剂，促进剂可任选通过齿轮泵52加到混合室30(或其组合)。如果使用多于一种促进剂，它们可单独或一起加入到混合室30中。例如，可加入主促进剂和辅助促进剂两者。促进剂用于控制硫化所需的时间和/或温度，并改善橡胶的性质。促进剂可以为粉末形式，或者可以为进入树脂或橡胶基质的包囊的粉末。以下更详细地描述促进剂组合物的实例。
也可通过机械装置将固化剂或前体加到混合机，如齿轮泵或挤出机或泵或其组合。选择的机械装置取决于固化剂相。固化剂的一个实例为硫。硫可以液体或固体形式加入。
因此，本发明的设备制备第三混合物C，这种混合物为A和B混合物、任选的油和任选的促进剂和任选的固化剂或前体的精确混合物。混合物A的体积流速与混合物B的体积流速之比由混合物A的齿轮泵25的速度与混合物B的齿轮泵42的速度之比精确地控制。例如，来自系统混合机的混合物输出32可包括20％体积混合物A和80％体积混合物B的混合物。或者，从系统输出的混合物可包括20％体积混合物B和80％体积混合物A的混合物。混合物A与混合物B之比可以在0∶100％至100％∶0的范围内。通过计算机控制器100改变齿轮泵25和42的速度，可瞬时调节此比例。计算机控制器100可另外控制挤出机和齿轮泵操作参数，如操作压力、操作温度，泵或螺杆速度。
优选计算机控制器100为各挤出机的出口压力设定压力目标值。挤出机速度通过控制器控制并改变，直到满足压力目标。挤出机出口压力目标值通过引起挤出机中物质的回流影响混合品质。
A和B的复合混合物(compound mixture)离开混合机30，并进入齿轮泵70。设备10优选位于或邻近轮胎成型站。齿轮泵70优选将从混合机输出的混合物制剂输出物直接施加到轮胎成型机上。轮胎成型机可以为轮胎成型鼓或芯。任选的挤出机80可在齿轮泵70的上游或与其组合使用。
图2图示说明本发明的第二实施方案。混合物A在入口22进入挤出机20，然后进料至任选的齿轮泵25中。将混合物B进料至挤出机40，然后进料至齿轮泵42中。任选的混合物C可通过任选的挤出机35与混合物A和B一起加入第一混合机36中。然后将混合物A和混合物B和任选的混合物C进料至第一混合机36，在此使它们混合在一起。第一混合机36可以为静态或动态混合装置。A+B的复合混合物离开混合室，并通过任选的齿轮泵44泵送。然后将A、B和任选的C的复合混合物进料至第二混合机30，第二混合机30可以静态或动态混合装置。可通过泵60将油加到A+B的复合混合物中。可任选通过齿轮泵或其它机械装置将硫和一种或多种促进剂加到A+B混合物中。
促进剂可任选恰好在齿轮泵挤出机70，80的上游加入到最终混合物中。
最终混合物离开混合室，并进料至位于轮胎成型机的挤出机齿轮泵70，80。最终复合混合物可直接以一条或多条带的形式挤入轮胎成型机上，以根据需要形成轮胎元件。
I.促进剂组合物
在一个实施方案中，可使用单一促进剂系统，即主促进剂。主促进剂可以范围约0.5至约4或约0.8至约1.5phr的总量使用。在另一个实施方案中，可使用主促进剂和辅助促进剂的组合，辅助促进剂以较小量使用，例如约0.05至约3phr，以活化并改善硫化橡胶的性质。可预料这些促进剂的组合对最终性质产生协同作用，并且略好于使用单独的任何一种促进剂产生的作用。另外，可使用延迟作用的促进剂，这些促进剂不受一般处理温度影响，但在一般硫化温度产生令人满意的固化。也可使用硫化延迟剂。可用于本发明的促进剂的适合类型为胺、二硫化物、胍、硫脲、噻唑、秋兰姆、次磺酰胺、二硫代氨基甲酸盐和黄原酸盐。在一个实施方案中，主促进剂为次磺酰胺。如果使用辅助促进剂，则辅助促进剂可以为胍、二硫代氨基甲酸盐或秋兰姆化合物。适合的胍包括二苯胍等。适合的秋兰姆包括二硫化四甲基秋兰姆、二硫化四乙基秋兰姆和二硫化四苄基秋兰姆。
II.橡胶组合物
可用于橡胶混合物的代表性橡胶包括丙烯腈/二烯共聚物、天然橡胶、卤化丁基橡胶、丁基橡胶、顺-1，4-聚异戊二烯、苯乙烯-丁二烯共聚物、顺-1，4-聚丁二烯、苯乙烯-异戊二烯-丁二烯三元共聚物、乙烯-丙烯三元共聚物(也称为乙烯/丙烯/二烯单体(EPDM))，特别为乙烯/丙烯/二环戊二烯三元共聚物。可使用以上橡胶的混合物。各橡胶层可包含相同的橡胶组合物，或者交替层可具有不同的橡胶组合物。
橡胶混合物可包含扁平状填料(platy filler)。扁平状填料的代表性实例包括滑石、粘土、云母及其混合物。在使用时，扁平状填料的量的范围为约25至150份/100重量份橡胶(以后称为phr)。优选橡胶混合物中扁平状填料的量在约30至约75phr的范围内。
可将各种橡胶组合物与常规橡胶混合成分混合。一般使用的常规成分包括炭黑、二氧化硅、偶联剂、增粘剂树脂、加工助剂、抗氧化剂、抗臭氧剂、硬脂酸、活化剂、蜡、油、硫化剂和胶溶剂。本领域的技术人员已知，根据所需的抗磨度和其它性质，一般以常规量使用某些上述添加剂。炭黑的一般加入量占橡胶重量约10至150phr，优选50至100phr。二氧化硅的一般量为10至250重量份，优选30至80重量份，也包含二氧化硅和炭黑的共混物。增粘剂树脂的一般量占约2至10phr。加工助剂的一般量占1至5phr。抗氧化剂的一般量占1至10phr。抗臭氧剂的一般量占1至10phr。硬脂酸的一般量占0.50至约3phr。促进剂的一般量占1至5phr。蜡的一般量占1至5phr。油的一般量占2至30phr。硫化剂，如元素硫、二硫化胺、聚合性多硫化物、硫烯烃加合物及其混合物，以范围约0.2至8phr的量使用。胶溶剂的一般量占约0.1至1phr。
III.油
橡胶组合物也可包含最多70phr的加工油。加工油可作为一般用于使弹性体增量的增量油包含于橡胶组合物中。通过在橡胶混合期间直接加入油，也可使加工油包含于橡胶组合物中。所用加工油可包含存在于弹性体中的增量油和在混合期间加入的加工油两者。适合的加工油包括在本领域已知的各种油，包括芳族油、石蜡油、环烷油、植物油和低PCA油，如MES、TDAE、SRAE和重环烷油。适合的低PCA油包括具有通过IP346方法测定小于3％重量的多环芳族含量的那些油。IP346方法的步骤可发现于Standard Methods for Analysis&Testing of Petroleum and Related Products and British Standard 2000Parts，2003，62版，the Institute of Petroleum，United Kingdom出版。
本发明可根据本文提供的说明而变化。虽然已为了说明本发明展示了某些代表性实施方案和细节，但可在不脱离本发明的范围下对其中的内容进行各种变化和改进，这对本领域的技术人员而言将是显而易见的。因此，应了解，可在所述具体实施方案中作出变化，这些变化将在以下所附权利要求书限定的本发明的完全预定范围内。

Claims (6)

1.一种用于施加第一混合物和第二混合物的混合物的设备，所述设备的特征在于包括：
用于第一混合物的第一挤出机和第一齿轮泵；
用于第二混合物的第二挤出机和第二齿轮泵；
用于促进剂混合物的第三挤出机和第三齿轮泵；
用于使所述第一混合物、所述第二混合物和所述促进剂混合物混合在一起的混合装置，其中所述混合装置位于所述第一、第二和第三挤出机和所述第一、第二和第三齿轮泵的下游。
2.权利要求1的设备，所述设备还包括控制器，其特征在于所述控制器与所述第一、第二和第三齿轮泵和所述第一、第二和第三挤出机电连通。
3.权利要求1的设备，所述设备的进一步的特征在于包括用于泵送油进入所述混合装置的泵。
4.权利要求1的设备，其特征在于所述混合装置为静态混合机。
5.权利要求1的设备，所述设备的进一步的特征在于包括第四齿轮泵和第四挤出机。
6.一种使经共混的橡胶组合物直接施加到轮胎成型鼓或芯的方法，所述方法的特征在于包括以下步骤：
提供用于第一混合物的第一挤出机和第一齿轮泵；
提供用于第二混合物的第二挤出机和第二齿轮泵；
提供用于促进剂混合物的第三挤出机和第三齿轮泵；
使所述第一混合物、所述第二混合物和所述促进剂混合物混合在一起；
在混合的下游提供第三挤出机和第三齿轮泵；并且
将一条或多条经共混的橡胶组合物带直接施加到轮胎成型鼓或芯上。
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KR20110073358A (ko) 2011-06-29
EP2338655B1 (en) 2014-08-20
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EP2338655A2 (en) 2011-06-29
TWI455814B (zh) 2014-10-11

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