CN102149970A - Continuous steam generator - Google Patents
Continuous steam generator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102149970A CN102149970A CN2009801350724A CN200980135072A CN102149970A CN 102149970 A CN102149970 A CN 102149970A CN 2009801350724 A CN2009801350724 A CN 2009801350724A CN 200980135072 A CN200980135072 A CN 200980135072A CN 102149970 A CN102149970 A CN 102149970A
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- Prior art keywords
- steam generator
- tube
- superheater
- flow media
- downstream
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/26—Steam-separating arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B21/00—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically
- F22B21/34—Water-tube boilers of vertical or steeply-inclined type, i.e. the water-tube sets being arranged vertically or substantially vertically built-up from water tubes grouped in panel form surrounding the combustion chamber, i.e. radiation boilers
- F22B21/341—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part
- F22B21/343—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part the vertical radiation combustion chamber being connected at its upper part to a sidewards convection chamber
- F22B21/345—Vertical radiation boilers with combustion in the lower part the vertical radiation combustion chamber being connected at its upper part to a sidewards convection chamber with a tube bundle between an upper and a lower drum in the convection pass
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
- Control Of Steam Boilers And Waste-Gas Boilers (AREA)
- Air Supply (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to a continuous steam generator (1) comprising a number of burners for fossil fuels, the outside wall thereof being fully or partially formed from steam generator tubes welded together in a gas-tight manner. The burners are arranged in a combustion chamber, and a vertical gas slope (8) being mounted downstream of said combustion chamber, above a horizontal gas slope, on the hot gas side. A first part of the steam generating tubes forms a system of evaporation tubes mounted upstream of a water separator system (22), on the flow medium side, and a second part of the steam generating tubes forms a system of superheater tubes mounted downstream of the water separator system (22), on the flow medium side. According to the invention, said continuous steam generator has comparatively low repair costs and a comparatively long service life.; To this end, superheater tubes adjacent and parallel to evaporation tubes are mounted directly downstream of the water separator system (22), on the flow medium side.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of continuous steam generator, described continuous steam generator has a plurality of burners that are used for fossil fuel, the periphery wall of burner is completely or partially formed by the steam generator that welds airtightly mutually, wherein burner arrangement is in the combustion chamber, vertical gas pass is connected on described burner downstream by horizontal flue aspect combustion gas, wherein the first of steam generator forms the system that is connected on the evaporator tube of water separating system upstream aspect flow media, and the second portion of steam generator forms the system that is connected on the superheater tube in water separating system downstream aspect flow media.
Background technology
In the steam generator of combustion of fossil fuels, the energy of fossil fuel is used to generate superheated steam, and described superheated steam for example can supply to steam turbine then to be used for generating in the power plant.Especially, in power station environment under the common vapor (steam) temperature and steam pressure, steam generator is typically designed to water-tube boiler, promptly the water of being supplied with flows in a plurality of pipes, and described pipe receives the energy of the photothermal form with combustion flame and/or passes through the convection current received energy of the flue gas of formation in the burning.
In burner region, steam generator forms chamber wall by welding airtightly mutually usually.In addition, aspect flue gas, be connected in the zone in downstream, combustion chamber and also can be provided with the steam generator that is arranged in the exhaust duct.
The steam generator of combustion of fossil fuels can be according to a plurality of criteria classifications: based on the flow direction of gas stream, steam generator for example can be divided into vertical configuration type and horizontal tectonics type.In the steam generator of the combustion of fossil fuels of vertical configuration type, be divided into single-pass boiler and double-flue boiler usually.In single flue or tower boiler, the flue gas that generates by the burning in the combustion chamber always vertically flows from bottom to top.The heating surface that all is arranged in the exhaust gases passes is positioned at the top, combustion chamber.Tower boiler provides simple relatively structure and the simple control of stress that the thermal expansion by pipe is formed.In addition, all heating surface is horizontally disposed in exhaust gases passes, and therefore can fully dewater, and this may wish in having the environment of freezing risk.
In double-flue boiler, horizontal flue is connected on the downstream, combustion chamber aspect flue gas in upper area, and described horizontal flue opening is in vertical gas pass.In this second vertical gas pass, gas vertically flows usually from the top down.In double-flue boiler, therefore realized repeatedly turning to of flue gas.The advantage of this version for example is lower structure height and the lower manufacturing cost that causes thus.
Steam generator can be designed to natural circulation steam generator, forced-circulation steam generator or continuous steam generator in addition.In continuous steam generator, the heating of a plurality of evaporator tubes cause flow media in evaporator tube once by the time just evaporation fully.Flow media (being generally water) its evaporation after be fed into the superheater tube that is connected on the evaporator tube downstream, and at the superheater tube place by overheated.This describes the glassware for drinking water in steam generator only and have under the situation of sub-load of subcritical pressure (Pkri=221 crust) is strict establishment the-at this, water and steam are existed simultaneously, and so also can not occur being separated.For the purpose of directly perceived, this is set forth in the following description and uses continuously.
The position of evaporation terminal point, that is, the point that the water constituent in the stream is evaporated fully is variable and relevant with the operation type at this.When the full load operation of this type of continuous steam generator, the evaporation terminal point for example is positioned at the end region of evaporator tube, makes the overheated of flow media of evaporation begin in evaporator tube.
The essential distinction of continuous steam generator and Natural Circulation and forced-circulation steam generator is not exist pressure limit, makes described continuous steam generator can be configured to the initial steam pressure far above the critical pressure of water.
In weak load operation or when starting, this type of continuous steam generator is usually with the operation of the minimal flow rate-of flow in the evaporator tube, to guarantee the reliable cooling of evaporator tube.For this reason, under the underload that for example is lower than 40% design load, pure continuous mass flow by evaporimeter no longer is enough to cool off evaporator tube usually, makes flow media pass through the continuous-flow of evaporimeter with the mode of circulation and the throughput stack of the flow media that adds.By the therefore evaporation by halves in evaporator tube in startup or weak load operation of the minimum discharge of moving the flow media in evaporator tube that is determined, make in this type of operation type, still there are unevaporated flow media, particularly water-steam mixture in evaporator tube end.
Do not design because usually after flowing through chamber wall, just be connected on the superheater tube in the evaporator tube downstream of continuous steam generator, so even continuous steam generator is typically designed in startup and also avoid water to appear in the superheater tube reliably during at weak load operation at flowing through of unevaporated flow media.For this reason, evaporator tube is connected with the superheater tube that is connected on the evaporator tube downstream by water separating system usually.Separator causes being separated into water and steam at the water-steam mixture that starts or flow out evaporator tube during at weak load operation at this.Steam is fed into the superheater tube that is connected on the separator downstream, and isolated water for example can supply to evaporator tube once more by circulating pump, maybe can draw by pressure reducer.
Especially, in service in startup, above-described design causes the high temperature difference between evaporator tube and the superheater tube: when cold start-up, the still unevaporated flow media that is in saturation temperature flows in evaporator tube, and also has the steam of higher temperature in superheater tube.On the contrary, when thermal starting, evaporator tube is filled with cold water supply, and superheater tube still is in the running temperature level.This can cause the overload and the material damage that cause owing to different heat expansion.
Summary of the invention
Therefore, technical problem to be solved by this invention is to provide the continuous steam generator of more than one described types, and described continuous steam generator brings lower relatively maintenance cost and has high relatively service life.
This technical problem according to the present invention by parallel superheater tube in abutting connection with evaporator tube is solved directly being connected on the water separating system downstream aspect the flow media.
The present invention is based on following consideration, i.e. the reduction of the maintenance cost of continuous steam generator and the raising in service life can realize by minimizing owing to the caused damage of different thermal expansions of the steam generator that is welded to each other.Different expansions is caused by the high-temperature difference between the steam generator.At this, this temperature difference since cooling of the difference of steam generator and the different temperatures by the flow media that in steam generator, flows cause, therefore and the boundary position place between evaporator tube that is welded to each other and superheater tube occurs especially, because they are because the middle water separating system that connects and have the different flow of the different flow media of temperature especially in cold start-up during with thermal starting.
Especially, in the continuous steam generator in twin flue version, it is typical having the evaporator tube of parallel welding and the definite boundary position of structure of superheater tube.Low as far as possible for the temperature difference between evaporator tube and the superheater tube is remained, with the superheater tube of the parallel welding of evaporator tube in vapor (steam) temperature should minimize.This can realize in the following way, that is, make this superheater tube directly be connected on the water separating system downstream, thereby does not have to raise owing to the superheater tube in the middle of being connected in addition causes the temperature of the flow media that flows in the heating pipe.Therefore, the temperature difference as the source of damage on the boundary position is correspondingly minimized.
In favourable structure, the chamber wall of continuous steam generator is formed by evaporator tube, and the sidewall of horizontal flue forms by superheater tube, and wherein the superheater tube of abuts combustor directly is connected on the water separating system downstream aspect flow media.Therefore, the temperature difference at the vertical boundary position place between the superheater tube of the evaporator tube of combustion chamber and horizontal flue is minimized effectively in double-flue boiler.
Advantageously, the top board of continuous steam generator is by forming at the superheater tube that directly is connected on the water separating system downstream aspect the flow media.This means, the superheater tube of top board with additionally in abutting connection with the parallel connection of the superheater tube of evaporator tube.This type of connects owing to the parallel connection of heating surface is being favourable aspect the pressure loss of being expected.
In the vertically arranged continuous steam generator of the parallel therein superheater tube in abutting connection with evaporator tube, described superheater tube is designed to advantageously make that flow media flows through superheater tube from the top down.With this, be subjected at water separating system under the situation of glut-described glut causes with unevaporated flow media superheater tube being loaded, and described unevaporated flow media can be drawn out to the exit collector of superheater tube.Therefore, can finally prevent possible flow stagnation effectively.
The advantage that realizes with the present invention especially is, by with parallel superheater tube in abutting connection with evaporator tube directly being connected on the separator downstream aspect the flow media, the temperature difference between described evaporator tube and the superheater tube is correspondingly minimized.Therefore different thermal expansions is minimized, and prevented to damage and overload, this causes the lower maintenance incidence of continuous steam generator and the service life of Geng Gao.
Especially in the continuous steam generator that does not have circulating pump, this kind connection is to have advantage especially.Lack circulation and causes inlet temperature lower in the evaporimeter, cause lower steam mass flow, and the rising of desired combustion power when causing starting.Emulation shows, in particular for this equipment, if as present normal conditions superheater tube is connected on the boundary position in other superheater tube (for example superheater tube of top board) downstream, then unallowed temperature difference may appear in the boundary position place between evaporator tube and superheater tube.This superheater tube directly is connected on the water separating system downstream has avoided this high temperature difference effectively.
Description of drawings
The embodiment of this aspect explains hereinafter with reference to the accompanying drawings in detail.
With schematic diagram continuous steam generator in twin flue version has been shown among Fig. 1.
The specific embodiment
Continuous steam generator 1 according to Fig. 1 comprises the combustion chamber 2 that is designed to vertical gas pass, and horizontal flue 6 zone 4 up is connected on 2 downstreams, described combustion chamber.On horizontal flue 6, connected other vertical gas pass 8.
In the lower area 10 of combustion chamber 2, be provided with a plurality of burners that are not shown specifically, described burner with liquid or solid fuel in the combustion chamber internal combustion.Chamber wall 12 is formed by the evaporator tube that welds airtightly mutually, pumps into flow media (being generally water) by the pump that is not shown specifically in described evaporator tube, heats described flow media by the heat that is generated by burner.In the lower area 10 of combustion chamber 2, steam generator can be designed to spiral element or vertical tube.Require higher constructions cost relatively in helix shape, the combustion chamber 2 of the vertical stringing of heating diversity ratio between the formed for this reason parallel connected pipe is lower relatively.
Shown continuous steam generator 1 guides the base plate 16 that comprises that projection 14, described protruding 14 direct transition are horizontal flue 6 for improving flue gas in addition, and outstanding in combustion chamber 2.
The steam generator of combustion chamber 2 is configured to evaporator tube.Flow media at first is evaporated in described evaporator tube, and supplies to water separating system 22 by exit collector 20.In water separating system 22, collect still unevaporated water and it is drawn.If must pump into amount than the flow media that transpirable amount is bigger in evaporator tube continuous-flow for cooling off evaporator tube reliably, then this is necessary especially starting in service.The steam that is generated is incorporated in the inlet gatherer 24 of superheater tube in downstream, and described superheater tube forms the top board 26 of continuous steam generator 1 and the wall of horizontal flue 6.Boundary position 18 between the superheater tube in the wall of the evaporator tube of chamber wall 12 and horizontal flue 6 has formed from the transition to the sidewall of horizontal flue 6 of the sidewall of vertical gas pass.
Except that the double-flue boiler shown in the accompanying drawing, can certainly have the other structure that is used for the combustion of fossil fuels boiler.
Because the caused damage of different heat expansion that the limit positions 18 place's temperature differences between the superheater tube in the wall of the evaporator tube of chamber wall 12 and horizontal flue 6 cause, described superheater tube directly is connected on water separating system 22 downstreams by connecting pipe 28 in order to avoid.Therefore, this superheater tube only loads with saturated vapor and does not load with the superheated steam of higher temperature, thereby has reduced temperature.
At this, the superheater tube that the superheater tube in the wall of horizontal flue 6 is parallel to top board 26 connects, and flows through from the top down.Like this, under water separating system 22 is subjected to the situation of glut, just can be drawn out in the exit collector 30 of superheater tube by unevaporated flow media, and can not form flow stagnation.
By described connection, the limit positions 18 place's temperature differences between the superheater tube in the wall of the evaporator tube of chamber wall 12 and horizontal flue 6 are minimized, and therefore can prevent from effectively to damage.This causes the lower relatively maintenance incidence of continuous steam generator 1 and longer service life.
Claims (4)
1. a continuous steam generator (1), described continuous steam generator (1) has a plurality of burners that are used for fossil fuel, the periphery wall of burner is completely or partially formed by the steam generator that welds airtightly mutually, wherein, described burner arrangement is in the combustion chamber, vertical gas pass (8) is connected on described burner downstream by horizontal flue (6) aspect combustion gas, wherein the first of steam generator forms the system of the evaporator tube that is connected on water separating system (22) upstream aspect flow media, and the second portion of steam generator forms the system of the superheater tube that is connected on water separating system (22) downstream aspect flow media, and wherein parallel superheater tube in abutting connection with evaporator tube directly is being connected on described water separating system (22) downstream aspect the flow media.
2. continuous steam generator according to claim 1 (1), wherein, described chamber wall (12) is formed by evaporator tube and the sidewall of described horizontal flue (6) is formed by superheater tube, and wherein the superheater tube in abutting connection with described combustion chamber (2) directly is connected on described water separating system (22) downstream aspect flow media.
3. continuous steam generator according to claim 1 and 2 (1), wherein, the top board (26) of described continuous steam generator (1) is formed by some superheater tubes, and described superheater tube directly is connected on described water separating system (22) downstream aspect flow media.
4. according to a described continuous steam generator (1) in the claim 1 to 3, wherein, vertically arranged, parallel superheater tube in abutting connection with evaporator tube is designed to make flow media to flow through described superheater tube from the top down.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP08015871A EP2182278A1 (en) | 2008-09-09 | 2008-09-09 | Continuous-flow steam generator |
| EP08015871.0 | 2008-09-09 | ||
| PCT/EP2009/061468 WO2010029022A2 (en) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-04 | Continuous steam generator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN102149970A true CN102149970A (en) | 2011-08-10 |
| CN102149970B CN102149970B (en) | 2016-08-03 |
Family
ID=41820262
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN200980135072.4A Active CN102149970B (en) | 2008-09-09 | 2009-09-04 | Continuous steam generator |
Country Status (7)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20110162592A1 (en) |
| EP (2) | EP2182278A1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5345217B2 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN102149970B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2009290944B2 (en) |
| DK (1) | DK2324287T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2010029022A2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102667337A (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2012-09-12 | 西门子公司 | Continuous evaporator |
| CN105473939A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2016-04-06 | 西门子股份公司 | Continuous flow steam generator with a two-pass boiler design |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| EP2180250A1 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-04-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Continuous-flow steam generator |
| US9920924B2 (en) * | 2016-04-05 | 2018-03-20 | The Babcock & Wilcox Company | High temperature sub-critical boiler with steam cooled upper furnace and start-up methods |
| CN114576607B (en) * | 2022-03-09 | 2023-05-23 | 东方电气集团东方锅炉股份有限公司 | System and method for realizing steam-water flow of supercritical boiler ceiling wall-covering |
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| DE19914760C1 (en) * | 1999-03-31 | 2000-04-13 | Siemens Ag | Fossil-fuel through-flow steam generator for power plant |
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| EP2119880A1 (en) * | 2008-02-15 | 2009-11-18 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method for starting a steam producer |
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| EP2180251A1 (en) * | 2008-09-09 | 2010-04-28 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Continuous-flow steam generator |
| JP5050071B2 (en) * | 2010-03-29 | 2012-10-17 | 株式会社日立製作所 | Boiler equipment |
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2008
- 2008-09-09 EP EP08015871A patent/EP2182278A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2009
- 2009-09-04 DK DK09782619.2T patent/DK2324287T3/en active
- 2009-09-04 WO PCT/EP2009/061468 patent/WO2010029022A2/en active Application Filing
- 2009-09-04 EP EP09782619.2A patent/EP2324287B1/en active Active
- 2009-09-04 US US13/062,738 patent/US20110162592A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2009-09-04 CN CN200980135072.4A patent/CN102149970B/en active Active
- 2009-09-04 JP JP2011525559A patent/JP5345217B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2009-09-04 AU AU2009290944A patent/AU2009290944B2/en not_active Ceased
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| US4869210A (en) * | 1987-09-21 | 1989-09-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Method of operating a once-through steam generator |
| CN1249807A (en) * | 1997-04-23 | 2000-04-05 | 西门子公司 | Continuous-flow steam generator and method for starting same |
| CN101120206A (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2008-02-06 | 西门子公司 | Horizontally positioned steam generator |
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102667337A (en) * | 2009-06-10 | 2012-09-12 | 西门子公司 | Continuous evaporator |
| CN105473939A (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2016-04-06 | 西门子股份公司 | Continuous flow steam generator with a two-pass boiler design |
| US9671105B2 (en) | 2013-08-06 | 2017-06-06 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Continuous flow steam generator with a two-pass boiler design |
| CN105473939B (en) * | 2013-08-06 | 2017-07-28 | 西门子股份公司 | Continuous flowing steam generator with two pass boiler design |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20110162592A1 (en) | 2011-07-07 |
| EP2324287A2 (en) | 2011-05-25 |
| WO2010029022A2 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
| JP2012502250A (en) | 2012-01-26 |
| CN102149970B (en) | 2016-08-03 |
| JP5345217B2 (en) | 2013-11-20 |
| EP2182278A1 (en) | 2010-05-05 |
| AU2009290944A1 (en) | 2010-03-18 |
| EP2324287B1 (en) | 2016-11-02 |
| AU2009290944B2 (en) | 2014-04-17 |
| WO2010029022A3 (en) | 2010-05-27 |
| DK2324287T3 (en) | 2017-02-06 |
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