CN103052848A - Forced-flow steam generator - Google Patents
Forced-flow steam generator Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN103052848A CN103052848A CN2011800382975A CN201180038297A CN103052848A CN 103052848 A CN103052848 A CN 103052848A CN 2011800382975 A CN2011800382975 A CN 2011800382975A CN 201180038297 A CN201180038297 A CN 201180038297A CN 103052848 A CN103052848 A CN 103052848A
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- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- boiler
- boiler tube
- wall
- collector
- straight
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
- F22B29/061—Construction of tube walls
- F22B29/062—Construction of tube walls involving vertically-disposed water tubes
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B29/00—Steam boilers of forced-flow type
- F22B29/06—Steam boilers of forced-flow type of once-through type, i.e. built-up from tubes receiving water at one end and delivering superheated steam at the other end of the tubes
- F22B29/061—Construction of tube walls
- F22B29/065—Construction of tube walls involving upper vertically disposed water tubes and lower horizontally- or helically disposed water tubes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B37/00—Component parts or details of steam boilers
- F22B37/02—Component parts or details of steam boilers applicable to more than one kind or type of steam boiler
- F22B37/22—Drums; Headers; Accessories therefor
- F22B37/227—Drums and collectors for mixing
Abstract
A forced-flow steam generator (1) having a surrounding wall (4) formed from steam generator pipes (2) which are welded in a gas-tight fashion and traversable by flow in the vertical direction, in which within the surrounding wall (4) there is arranged a passage collector (14) by means of which the outlet side of a first multiplicity of steam generator pipes (2) in parallel configuration is connected at the flow medium side to the inlet side of a second multiplicity, in series configuration with and downstream of the first multiplicity, of steam generator pipes (2) in parallel configuration, should have a particularly long service life and particularly low susceptibility to faults, independently of the operating state. For this purpose, the design parameters of the steam generator pipes (2) downstream of the passage collector (14) are selected such that the mean mass flow density in the steam generator pipes (16), in parallel configuration, of the surrounding wall (4) at full load of the steam generator (1) does not lie below 1200 kg/m2s.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of forced once-through boiler, has one by airtight welding, the outer wall that can vertically through-flow boiler tube consists of, wherein, pars intramuralis is established straight-through collector outside, with regard to flow media, described straight-through collector couples together the outlet side of the first boiler tube of a plurality of parallel connections with the inlet side of the second boiler tube a plurality of in parallel that is connected on the first boiler tube downstream.The invention still further relates to a kind of power station plant, it has this forced once-through boiler.
Described boiler is a kind of equipment that is produced steam by flow media.In this equipment, the heating flow media, water typically, and be converted to steam.Then steam is used in driven machine or for generation of electric energy.Boiler generally includes evaporimeter and the superheater that produces steam, and steam is heated to the temperature of customer requirements in superheater.Often connect the preheater that is used for utilizing used heat in vaporizer upstream, it further improves the gross efficiency of equipment.
Nowadays Industrial Boiler is typically designed to watertube boiler, that is flow media flows in boiler tube.Boiler tube is airtight welding mutually, and consists of thus outer wall, and the high-temperature gas of supplying with heat flows at the cavity inside that this outer wall surrounds.The frame mode of boiler can or be designed to vertical or horizontal, that is high-temperature gas flows along horizontal or vertical direction.
In addition, boiler can be designed as forced once-through boiler, and wherein, feed pump forces to realize direct current or the through-flow of flow media.Here, feed pump is transported to flow media in the boiler, successively flows through preheater, evaporimeter and superheater.When direct current or perforation are flow through, feedwater by laser heating to saturated-steam temperature, vaporization and overheated, thereby, when oepration at full load, do not need independent water and the separator of steam at least.Direct current cooker also can move when supercritical pressure.Polarizing for this method of operation of preheater, evaporimeter and each heating surface of superheater no longer includes meaning, because continuous phase transformation occurs.
By a kind of scheme of vertical piping direct current cooker, the piping of outer wall is divided into hypomere and epimere, and wherein, hypomere comprises the first boiler tube of a plurality of parallel connections, and epimere comprises the second boiler tube of a plurality of parallel connections that are connected on the first boiler tube downstream.Hypomere and epimere are connected to each other by straight-through collector.Reach on the one hand thus pressure balance between the boiler tube in parallel, also reach on the other hand from least part of mixing of the flow media of different boiler tubes.
Now, this have boiler tube that can be vertically through-flow and have in the direct current cooker of straight-through collector find, each pipe of outer wall epimere may bear unallowed high temperature, this high temperature especially can cause destroying tube wall.Here, the appearance of this high temperature is relevant with some operational factor.
Therefore the objective of the invention is, a kind of forced once-through boiler of the above-mentioned type is provided, it and running status irrespectively have long especially life-span and low especially fault rate.
By the present invention for the Adopts measure that achieves the above object be, the design parameter that is connected to the boiler tube in straight-through collector downstream is chosen as, make when the boiler full load, the average quality current density in the boiler tube of outer wall parallel connection is not less than 1200kg/m2s.
The starting point that the present invention considers a problem is, the overheated heat owing to there not being fully derivation to import into by flow media of each boiler tube.When not having fully heat radiation to occur in related boiler tube too small mass flow is arranged.When natural circulation characteristic is outstanding, when very low inlet steam content and very little heating load, just the Hydrostatic pressure drop in these pipes be similar to as in the boiler tube import and the total pressure head between exporting so large or onesize with it.Therefore, remaining the conduct very little or complete obiteration of the pressure reduction of propulsive force of flowing, thus stagnate in the most serious situation current downflow.
Although straight-through collector should impel between the pipe that is connected to its downstream balance to a certain degree, to weaken above-mentioned effect.But people recognize, although straight-through collector causes completely pressure balance, yet this does not cause that the flow media that enters thoroughly mixes, and this mixing thoroughly can cause being connected to the interior water of boiler tube in its downstream and the balance of steam share.Therefore, however, based on from the low steam content of the weak hypomere boiler tube of heating and in collector additional part lack mixing phenomena or local detachment phenomenon, import department that still can be in entering each pipe of upper vertical piping goes to zero at some running status steam content.Should avoid described phenomenon by enough weakening the Natural Circulation feature thus.
This can realize especially simply by the design parameter that appropriate selection is connected to the boiler tube in straight-through collector downstream, need not each pipe is taked the additional structure measure.Yet because these design parameters can not adapt to some running status targetedly, but in the total load range of boiler, remain unchanged, so corresponding criterion in the time of should finding at full capacity for simplified design.As the inventor recognized, enough weakening the Natural Circulation feature can reach like this: design parameter is chosen as, makes at boiler at full capacity the time, the average quality current density in the boiler tube of the parallel connection of outer wall is not less than 1200kg/m2s.
By favourable separately design, when design outer wall density of mass flux, the quantity of boiler tube and/or internal diameter can be considered as design parameter, because these parameters significantly, and meanwhile can need not on boiler structure the flow performance of the outer pars intramuralis of impact in the situation of special cost.
The boiler casing of vertical structure can have different level cross-sectionns.If cross section is rectangle basically, it then can be a kind of simple especially structure.In this boiler, especially be located at a little less than the boiler tube heating especially in bight, because they are from the center of high temperature gas passage farthest, and meanwhile area of heat-supply service is especially little.Consequently, the steam content of vertical each bight pipe of piping hypomere goes to zero, thereby here the gas-vapor mix of uneven distribution enters in the interceptor(-ter).Because here interceptor(-ter) does not cause sufficient mixing yet, thus may cause being connected to mass flow in the bight pipe in downstream is stopped and thereby heat can not fully spread out of.Therefore, particularly advantageously in this boiler just be, the design parameter that is connected to the boiler tube in straight-through collector downstream is chosen as, so that boiler is at full capacity the time, the average quality current density in the boiler tube of the parallel connection of outer wall is not less than 1200kg/m2s.
Straight-through collector can level connects the ground annular and arranges, and that is to say, it is connected to each other the boiler tube that all of outer wall are located at bottom or top together.Although in all overpressure complete equipilibriums, but still can occuring, separates with vapor portion in water.Therefore, even in this forced once-through boiler, the boiler tube that advantageously will be connected to straight-through collector downstream is designed to, so that boiler is at full capacity the time, the average quality current density in the boiler tube of the parallel connection of outer wall is not less than 1200kg/m2s.
Piping below straight-through collector can spirality configure around ground.Therefore these circumferences of cannon bone extend around whole outer wall circular.Although this cause complicated structure and in lower region the boiler tube of negligible amounts, certainly can substantially compensate thus the difference of heating in the outer wall zones of different.However still recognize, even in this structure, also can cause irregular local detachment in straight-through collector, consequently bring the too small problem of mass flow in the above-mentioned pipe being connected to straight-through collector downstream.Therefore, even in this structure, the boiler tube that will be connected to straight-through collector downstream is designed to, so that boiler is at full capacity the time, the average quality current density in the boiler tube of the parallel connection of outer wall is not less than 1200kg/m2s.
In the boiler of burning mineral fuel, not only undertaken by convection current in the boiler tube of heat input combustion chamber, but most of heat is added in the boiler tube by heat radiation.Therefore especially in this boiler, the difference aspect each boiler tube heating is large especially.Therefore advantageously, comprise a boiler with combustion chamber of the fossil-fuel-fired device of some, the mass flow density of outer wall boiler tube has corresponding design when full load.
By favourable design, with regard to flow media, connect steam turbine in the forced once-through boiler downstream, for example be used for generating.In addition, power station plant advantageously has this forced once-through boiler.
The advantage that adopts the present invention to obtain especially is, by the design parameter that is connected to the boiler tube that leads directly to the collector downstream of suitable selection outer wall, guarantees fully heat output in each pipe, and the high temperature of avoiding thus unallowed meeting to cause tube wall to damage.Here, described measure is based on following understanding: even also there is the Natural Circulation feature of can not ignore in forced once-through boiler, this Natural Circulation feature weakens by the minimum quality current density of regulation when full load.Finally avoid limiting thus the operation of power station plant.
The below describes the present invention in detail by accompanying drawing.Wherein:
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the vertical piping forced once-through boiler with straight-through collector; And
Fig. 2 has the forced once-through boiler of different quality current density design to heat mass flow density and its fluid temperature (F.T.) curve map in the exit of weak bight pipe when being illustrated at full capacity.
Part identical in all figure adopts same Reference numeral.
Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the forced once-through boiler 1 by the vertical piping of burning mineral fuel of the present invention.Described forced once-through boiler 1 comprises the outer wall 4 that is made of airtight boiler tube 2.Here outer wall 4 has the level cross-sectionn 6 of substantial rectangular.Establish combustion chamber 8 in the lower region of forced once-through boiler 1, there are some burners that are used for burning mineral fuel that do not represent in detail this combustion chamber, and these burners provide heat for boiler tube 4.
The heat that produces by burner is absorbed by boiler tube 2 by heat radiation basically.Especially in the bight of hypomere 12 pipe 16, based on their position farthest distance is arranged from forced once-through boiler 1 center, and based on the especially little geometric layout of generating surface, so little the arriving of heat of input makes the flow media that enters the straight-through collector 14 from hypomere 12 bights pipe 16 that smaller steam content be arranged.
Now, although straight-through collector 14 is realized completely pressure balance, do not cause the flow media that enters and mix fully.Based on hypomere 12 bights manage the described low steam content in 16 exits and in straight-through collector 14 additional local detachment phenomenon, may be very little at the steam content of individual boilers pipe 2 import departments of epimere 10.According to the running status of forced once-through boiler 1, when adversely designing epimere 10 piping, this may cause the through-flow obvious interruption of individual boilers pipe 2, until stagnate.Its result can cause again and heat fully do not spread out of and cause unallowed high fluid temperature (F.T.), thereby finally makes tube wall bear unallowed high temperature and destroy.
For avoiding this damage, will be connected to the boiler tube 2 in straight-through collector 14 downstreams in the epimere 10, be every square metre and per second 1230 (kg/m2s) design for the average quality current density.Improve thus the total pressure loss of all parallel transistors.Consequently, in boiler tube 2 separately, especially in bight pipe 16, hydrostatic falling comparatively speaking reduced.Therefore remain and have the enough pressure reduction as flow impetus.By Fig. 2 this effect is described:
When Fig. 2 was shown at full capacity with curve, exactly, when smaller heat supply and boiler 1 operation at part load, the parameter of 16 interior flow medias was managed in epimere 10 bights of epimere 10 piping average quality current density different designs.Left scale represents that the bight manages 16 interior mass flow densities, presses kg/m2s, and right scale represents that the bight manages 16 exit fluid temperature (F.T.)s, by degree centigrade (℃), and depict respectively thus they and the relation of pipe import department flow media steam content.
The interior mass flow densities of bight pipe 16 in the piping that the average quality current density design for 870kg/m2s when curvilinear path 20 was expressed as at full capacity.Curve 20 is towards the decline in curve map left side, clearlys show that it is how to reduce with the minimizing of steam content that 16 interior mass flow densities are managed in the bight.When steam content is 0, the mass flow density value of reducing to 40kg/m2s, in fact this be equal to flow stagnation in the pipe.Guarantee that no longer the heat in the pipe fully spreads out of, and correspondingly flow media and thereby the temperature of bight pipe 16, approximately significantly improve in the of 0.2 from steam content, shown in curve 22.
Yet the average quality current density surpasses 1200kg/m2s when for full load, when designing the boiler tube 2 of epimere 10 for 1230kg/m2s in the present embodiment, reduces as mentioned above natural circulation characteristic and minimizing bight and manages 16 interior excessive relatively hydrostatic falling.Although curve 24 also represents the bight and manages 16 interior mass flow densities and reduce towards low steam content direction.But the value of mass flow density wherein even be at steam content, still remains much higher value (being 330kg/m2s) in the structure that designs for 870kg/m2s than average quality current density for full load the time here at 0 o'clock.Shown in curve 26, this causes all guaranteeing that the bight manages 16 interior sufficient heats and spread out of when any steam content, that is to say, temperature only raises or remains unchanged in a small amount.Avoid thus because excess Temperature damages outer wall 4 in the upper zone 10, and reach the service life that prolongs generally forced once-through boiler 1.
Claims (9)
1. a forced once-through boiler (1), have by airtight welding, the outer wall (4) that boiler tube (2) that can be vertically through-flow consists of, wherein, establish straight-through collector (14) in outer wall (4) inside, with regard to flow media, described straight-through collector (14) couples together the outlet side of first boiler tube (2) of a plurality of parallel connections with the inlet side of the second boiler tube (2) a plurality of in parallel that is connected on the first boiler tube (2) downstream, wherein, the design parameter that is connected to the boiler tube (2) in straight-through collector (14) downstream is chosen as, so that boiler (1) is at full capacity the time, the average quality current density in the boiler tube (2) of the parallel connection of outer wall (4) is not less than 1200kg/m2s.
2. according to forced once-through boiler claimed in claim 1 (1), wherein, the quantity of boiler tube (2) in parallel is a design parameter.
3. according to the described forced once-through boiler of one of the claims (1), wherein, the internal diameter of boiler tube (2) is a design parameter.
4. according to the described forced once-through boiler of one of the claims (1), wherein, outer wall (4) has the level cross-sectionn (6) of substantial rectangular.
5. according to the described forced once-through boiler of one of the claims (1), wherein, straight-through collector (14) flatly arranges around outer wall (4) annular, and comprise all below be located at first boiler tube (2) of a plurality of parallel connections in the outer wall (4), and comprise the second boiler tube (2) that all is located at up a plurality of parallel connections in the outer wall (4).
6. according to the described forced once-through boiler of one of the claims, wherein, boiler tube (2) spirality that is connected to straight-through collector (14) upstream is arranged in the outer wall (4) around ground.
7. according to the described forced once-through boiler of one of the claims, has the combustion chamber that comprises the fossil-fuel-fired device of some.
8. according to the described forced once-through boiler of one of the claims, has the steam turbine that with regard to flow media, is connected to the downstream.
9. power station plant, it has according to the described forced once-through boiler of one of the claims.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102010038885.8A DE102010038885B4 (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2010-08-04 | Once-through steam generator |
| DE102010038885.8 | 2010-08-04 | ||
| PCT/EP2011/059989 WO2012016750A2 (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2011-06-16 | Forced-flow steam generator |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN103052848A true CN103052848A (en) | 2013-04-17 |
| CN103052848B CN103052848B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
Family
ID=44627107
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201180038297.5A Active CN103052848B (en) | 2010-08-04 | 2011-06-16 | Forced once-through boiler |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2601442A2 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP5709995B2 (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20130098993A (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103052848B (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2011287836B2 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE102010038885B4 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2012016750A2 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA201300582B (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2631202B1 (en) | 2012-02-27 | 2015-05-20 | Trumpf Sachsen GmbH | Apparatus for taking up goods and method for discharging or processing workpieces |
| DE102013215457A1 (en) | 2013-08-06 | 2015-02-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Continuous steam generator in two-pass boiler design |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3368534A (en) * | 1964-05-27 | 1968-02-13 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Multiple pass design for once-through steam generators |
| CN86100007A (en) * | 1985-01-04 | 1986-10-01 | 巴布考克和威尔科斯公司 | Furnace tube is by the transition of spiral to vertical |
| EP0462519A1 (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1991-12-27 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Uniform distribution heat-transfer pipe unit for double-layer fluids |
| JP3934139B2 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2007-06-20 | バブコック日立株式会社 | Furnace wall structure |
| CN101586802A (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2009-11-25 | 东方锅炉（集团）股份有限公司 | Water wall of monotube boiler |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE2144675C3 (en) * | 1971-09-07 | 1981-05-27 | Kraftwerk Union AG, 4330 Mülheim | Continuous steam generator |
| DE2557427A1 (en) * | 1975-12-19 | 1977-06-30 | Kraftwerk Union Ag | CIRCUIT OF A FIRE ROOM LUG IN A FLOW-THROUGH BOILER WITH GAS-TIGHT WELDED WALLS IN TWO CONSTRUCTION |
| CH666532A5 (en) * | 1984-12-27 | 1988-07-29 | Mustafa Youssef Dr Ing | Brennkammer-rohranordnung in zwangdurchlauf-dampferzeugern. |
| DE4333404A1 (en) * | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-06 | Siemens Ag | Continuous steam generator with vertically arranged evaporator tubes |
| DE19602680C2 (en) * | 1996-01-25 | 1998-04-02 | Siemens Ag | Continuous steam generator |
| DE19645748C1 (en) * | 1996-11-06 | 1998-03-12 | Siemens Ag | Steam generator operating method |
| CN1831426A (en) * | 2005-03-10 | 2006-09-13 | 三井巴布科克能源公司 | Supercritical downshot boiler |
-
2010
- 2010-08-04 DE DE102010038885.8A patent/DE102010038885B4/en not_active Revoked
-
2011
- 2011-06-16 KR KR1020137002784A patent/KR20130098993A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2011-06-16 WO PCT/EP2011/059989 patent/WO2012016750A2/en active Application Filing
- 2011-06-16 EP EP11725744.4A patent/EP2601442A2/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2011-06-16 AU AU2011287836A patent/AU2011287836B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2011-06-16 JP JP2013522156A patent/JP5709995B2/en active Active
- 2011-06-16 CN CN201180038297.5A patent/CN103052848B/en active Active
-
2013
- 2013-01-22 ZA ZA2013/00582A patent/ZA201300582B/en unknown
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3368534A (en) * | 1964-05-27 | 1968-02-13 | Foster Wheeler Corp | Multiple pass design for once-through steam generators |
| CN86100007A (en) * | 1985-01-04 | 1986-10-01 | 巴布考克和威尔科斯公司 | Furnace tube is by the transition of spiral to vertical |
| EP0462519A1 (en) * | 1990-06-18 | 1991-12-27 | Mitsubishi Jukogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Uniform distribution heat-transfer pipe unit for double-layer fluids |
| JP3934139B2 (en) * | 2002-09-09 | 2007-06-20 | バブコック日立株式会社 | Furnace wall structure |
| CN101586802A (en) * | 2009-06-23 | 2009-11-25 | 东方锅炉（集团）股份有限公司 | Water wall of monotube boiler |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN103052848B (en) | 2015-09-30 |
| DE102010038885B4 (en) | 2017-01-19 |
| KR20130098993A (en) | 2013-09-05 |
| EP2601442A2 (en) | 2013-06-12 |
| ZA201300582B (en) | 2013-09-25 |
| WO2012016750A2 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
| DE102010038885A1 (en) | 2012-02-09 |
| AU2011287836B2 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
| WO2012016750A3 (en) | 2013-01-10 |
| JP2013532814A (en) | 2013-08-19 |
| AU2011287836A1 (en) | 2013-02-07 |
| JP5709995B2 (en) | 2015-04-30 |
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Effective date of registration: 20220127 Address after: Munich, Germany Patentee after: Siemens energy Global Ltd. Address before: Munich, Germany Patentee before: SIEMENS AG |
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| TR01 | Transfer of patent right |