CN102144609B - Method for breeding and feeding cross breeding pig - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for breeding and feeding a cross breeding pig. The adopted technical scheme is as follows: the method comprises the steps of: (1) selecting a breed or a strain with large number and strong adaptability in the local area as a female parent and selecting the breed or the strain with high growth speed and good carcass quality as a male parent; (2) carrying out cross combination by utilizing two-way crossing and two-way rotational crossing; (3) selecting backup sows in a brood of piglets when the piglets are 28-30 days old; (4) feeding and managing nonpregnant sows and pregnant sows; and (5) strictly preventing epidemic diseases. By utilizing the method provided by the invention, the bred breeding pigs show better heteroses and good piglets with high yield, high survival and high protein can be provided for peasant culturists.

Description

The hybridization boar breeds raising method

Technical field

The invention belongs to the livestock breeding field, relate in particular to a kind of hybridization boar and breed raising method.

Background technology

China is the consumption big country of pork, and pig industry is in the history in existing more than 2800 year of China, and pork has become food indispensable on current people's dining table; In eighties of last century before the mid-90; China is the exported country of pork industry always, but after 2000, we have but become pork importer.China's import volume broke through 5,000,000 tons first in 2000; Reached 1300 tons in 2007; And be to feed pork fast more than 80%,, have many disputes although the pork that nursing method is fast produced does not still have final conclusion to the influence of human health from the feed of Brazil, Argentinian import.And some countries have prohibited the pork import of quick nursing method in the world, the pork that China people also significantly feel to feed fast from the mouthfeel to the nutrition far away less than the pork of traditional nursing method institute output.

Along with increasingly high to the animal product quality requirement of the aggravation of market competition and people, huge numbers of families' dispersion is raised and has been difficult to meeting the market requirement, needs large-scale cultivation.But, because China's agricultural population is many, the main flow that raise scattered in the rural area or feeding manner is still the breed of Chinese commodity pig for a comparatively long period of time on a small scale; Account for 70%～80% of the total amount of raising pigs; Along with the development of rural culture industry, People more and more is recognized the effect of improved seeds on economic benefit, has only the piglet of selecting improved seeds; Income could be increased more, just the good charcuterie of market supply can better be.Thereby, strengthening the scale of improvement boar, the improvement that increases piglet just can better meet the rural area and raise family and the demand of small-scale feed lot to piglet scattered.

Summary of the invention

In order to address the above problem, the present invention provides a kind of hybridization boar to breed raising method, and the boar of adopting method of the present invention to breed out demonstrates hybrid vigour preferably, and can be the peasant raiser provides high yield, height to become the good piglet of alive and high protein.

The technical scheme of the present invention's employing is to achieve these goals: the hybridization boar breeds raising method, comprises the steps:

1) parent's selection: select many, adaptable kinds of this area quantity or strain as female parent; Select good pure kind of two or more fast growths, carcass quality or strain as male parent;

2) hybrid combination: adopt two-way cross and binary rotational crossing; Described two-way cross is to utilize the male and female pig of two kinds or strain to hybridize; Obtain first-filial generation; Described binary rotational crossing is in first-filial generation, to select outstanding sow, takes turns mating with the purebred boar of maternal kind and another kind respectively by generation;

3) selection of replacement gilt: long during to 28～30 ages in days when piglet, the young sow that in brood piglet, selects 7～8 pairs of physically fit, nipples is sow in support;

4) feeding and management: comprise the feeding and management of nonpregnant sows and the feeding and management of pregnant sow

The feeding and management of nonpregnant sows: in the feed, protein accounts for 12%～14% of grain ration, replenishes calcium, vitamin A and vitamin D; To the relatively poor nonpregnant sows of the growth of livestock, supply with high-energy feed at breeding the last fortnight, before breeding, replenish beta carotene, vitamin E and selenium;

The feeding and management of pregnant sow: a) for the ill-conditioned sow in wean back, the gestation initial stage, in green and rough feeds, add corn and/or soya-bean cake, protein content accounts for 13%～15% of grain ration; 4～12 weeks of gestation are main with green and rough feeds, and protein content accounts for 11%～13% of grain ration; Gestation was added corn and/or soya-bean cake after 80 days in green and rough feeds, protein content accounts for 15%～18% of grain ration; B) for the good multiparity sow of breeding condition, first half period of gestation is fed green and rough feeds, after pregnant 12 weeks, adds and feeds corn and/or dregs of beans, and protein content accounts for 15%～18% of grain ration; C) producing the last fortnight for pregnant sow, adding the green forage of feeding succulence, feeding duty less and add; D) the pregnant sow individual pen is raised, and colony house should be smooth, health, cool in summer and warm in winter and environment is quiet;

5) maintain strict control over the epidemic prevention pass:

Replacement gilt: exempt from live vaccines of hog cholera at 20 age in days head, 60 age in days booster immunizations once, immunity in later per six months is once; The pig breeding is exempted from 21 age in days head with respiratory disorder syndrome inactivated vaccine, and head exempts from back 28 days booster immunizations once, and immunity in later per six months once; The porcine parvovirus inactivated vaccine in breeding inoculation in preceding 20 days once; Malicious seedling a little less than arriving preceding 40～50 days immune Japanese B encephalitises summer, the 14 days booster immunizations in interval once, later annual immunity is once;

Multiparity sow: malicious seedling a little less than timely injection porcine parvovirus inactivated vaccine of nonpregnant phase and pseudoabies; Breeding of injection in 28 days postpartum pig and respiratory disorder syndrome inactivated vaccine; Malicious seedling a little less than the injection Japanese B encephalitis before breeding, at interval 14 days booster immunizations once, later annual immunity is once; Sow intramuscular injection in postpartum penicillin, streptomycin or the Enrofloxacin of throwing something and feeding, logotype three days.

Described male parent is Balkh yorker, Large White or duroc.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows:

1) heterosis, hybrid vigor depends primarily on the parental population and the situation that cooperatively interacts thereof of hybridization usefulness.If parental population lacks excellent genes; Or parental purity is very poor; Or two parental populations gene frequency on main economic characters does not have much difference; Or two parental populations are had on main proterties its dominance of gene and epistatic effect are all very little, or the hybrid shortage gives full play to heterotic feeding and management condition, all can not show desirable hybrid vigour.Female parent selection of the present invention is many, adaptable kinds of quantity or strain in this area, because the big kind that solved of maternal requirement raises source problem, basic unit promotes in this area easily by force owing to adaptability, has also reduced the hybrid production cost simultaneously like this.Male parent adopts pure kind or strain, and like Balkh yorker, Large White or duroc, these varietal character heritability are higher, and the good characteristic of male animal entails the hybrid generation easily.

2) the population differences is big; Hybrid vigour is also often bigger, and generally speaking, the area distance that distributes is far away; The source difference is big, type and the different population intermolecular hybrid of speciality; Can obtain bigger hybrid vigour, it is that different kind or strains carried out hybrid combination with male parent that the present invention adopts maternal just, has shown hybrid vigour preferably.

3) two-way cross and binary rotational crossing are adopted in hybrid combination of the present invention, can keep maternal and two the purebred male parent mating of hybridization forever, because sow and market pig itself all are hybrids, all manifest hybrid vigour.And mode is fairly simple, as long as raise a small amount of boar of two kinds, in time replenishes productive group hybrid gilt and gets final product, and needn't carry out the parental breed pure breeding, as long as can solve the source problem that comes of two article stock boars.

4) feeding and management method of employing science guarantees the growth of nonpregnant sows egg cell, keeps nonpregnant sows energetic through replenishing minerals and vitamins.According to the different situations of multiparity sow, adopt different raising method, guarantee gravidic nutrition supply.

5) adhere to putting prevention first the anti-principle of controlling that overweights, the normal growth of assurance piglet.

Embodiment

The hybridization boar breeds raising method, comprises the steps:

1) parent's selection: select many, adaptable kinds of this area quantity or strain as female parent; Select good purebred kind of fast growth, carcass quality or strain as male parent, as: male parent can be selected Balkh yorker, Large White or duroc for use.

2) hybrid combination: adopt two-way cross and binary rotational crossing; Described two-way cross is to utilize the male and female pig of 2 kinds or strain to hybridize; Obtain first-filial generation; Described binary rotational crossing is in first-filial generation, to select outstanding sow, takes turns mating with the purebred boar of maternal kind and another kind respectively by generation;

3) selection of replacement gilt: long during to 28～30 ages in days when piglet, the young sow that in brood piglet, selects 7～8 pairs of physically fit, nipples is sow in support;

4) feeding and management: comprise the feeding and management of nonpregnant sows and the feeding and management of pregnant sow

The feeding and management of nonpregnant sows: in the feed, protein accounts for 12%～14% of grain ration, replenishes calcium, vitamin A and vitamin D; To the relatively poor nonpregnant sows of the growth of livestock, supply with high-energy feed at breeding the last fortnight, before breeding, replenish beta carotene, vitamin E and selenium;

The feeding and management of pregnant sow: a) for the ill-conditioned sow in wean back, the gestation initial stage, in green and rough feeds, add corn and/or soya-bean cake, protein content accounts for 13%～15% of grain ration; 4～12 weeks of gestation are main with green and rough feeds, and protein content accounts for 11%～13% of grain ration; Gestation was added corn and/or soya-bean cake after 80 days in green and rough feeds, protein content accounts for 15%～18% of grain ration; B) for the good multiparity sow of breeding condition, first half period of gestation is fed green and rough feeds, after pregnant 12 weeks, adds and feeds corn and/or dregs of beans, and protein content accounts for 15%～18% of grain ration; C) producing the last fortnight for pregnant sow, adding the green forage of feeding succulence, feeding duty less and add; D) the pregnant sow individual pen is raised, and colony house should be smooth, health, cool in summer and warm in winter and environment is quiet;

5) maintain strict control over the epidemic prevention pass:

Replacement gilt: exempt from live vaccines of hog cholera at 20 age in days head, 60 age in days booster immunizations～inferior, immunity in later per six months is once; The pig breeding is exempted from 21 age in days head with respiratory disorder syndrome inactivated vaccine, and head exempts from back 28 days booster immunizations once, and immunity in later per six months once; The porcine parvovirus inactivated vaccine in breeding inoculation in preceding 20 days once; Malicious seedling a little less than arriving preceding 40～50 days immune Japanese B encephalitises summer, the 14 days booster immunizations in interval once, later annual immunity is once;

Multiparity sow: malicious seedling a little less than timely injection porcine parvovirus inactivated vaccine of nonpregnant phase and pseudoabies; Breeding of injection in 28 days postpartum pig and respiratory disorder syndrome inactivated vaccine; Malicious seedling a little less than the injection Japanese B encephalitis before breeding, at interval 14 days booster immunizations once, later annual immunity is once; Sow intramuscular injection in postpartum penicillin, streptomycin or the Enrofloxacin of throwing something and feeding, logotype three days.

Claims (2)

1. the hybridization boar breeds raising method, it is characterized in that comprising the steps:

1) parent's selection: select many, adaptable kinds of this area quantity or strain as female parent; Select good pure kind of two or more fast growths, carcass quality or strain as male parent;

2) hybrid combination: take two-way cross and binary rotational crossing; Described two-way cross is to utilize the male and female pig of two kinds or strain to hybridize; Obtain first-filial generation; Described binary rotational crossing is in first-filial generation, to select outstanding sow, takes turns mating with the boar of maternal kind and another kind respectively by generation;

3) selection of replacement gilt: long during to 28～30 ages in days when piglet, the young sow that in brood piglet, selects 7～8 pairs of physically fit, nipples is sow in support;

4) feeding and management: comprise the feeding and management of nonpregnant sows and the feeding and management of pregnant sow

The feeding and management of nonpregnant sows: in the feed, protein accounts for 12%～14% of grain ration, replenishes calcium, vitamin A and vitamin D; To the relatively poor nonpregnant sows of the growth of livestock, supply with high-energy feed at breeding the last fortnight, before breeding, replenish beta carotene, vitamin E and selenium;

The feeding and management of pregnant sow: a) for the ill-conditioned sow in wean back, the gestation initial stage, in green and rough feeds, add corn and/or soya-bean cake, protein content accounts for 13%～15% of grain ration; 4～12 weeks of gestation are main with green and rough feeds, and protein content accounts for 11%～13% of grain ration; Gestation was added corn and/or soya-bean cake after 80 days in green and rough feeds, protein content accounts for 15%～18% of grain ration; B) for the good multiparity sow of breeding condition, first half period of gestation is fed green and rough feeds, after pregnant 12 weeks, adds and feeds corn and/or dregs of beans, and protein content accounts for 15%～18% of grain ration; C) producing the last fortnight for pregnant sow, adding the green forage of feeding succulence, feeding duty less and add; D) the pregnant sow individual pen is raised, and colony house should be smooth, health, cool in summer and warm in winter and environment is quiet;

5) maintain strict control over the epidemic prevention pass:

Replacement gilt: exempt from live vaccines of hog cholera at 20 age in days head, 60 age in days booster immunizations once, immunity in later per six months is once; The pig breeding is exempted from 21 age in days head with respiratory disorder syndrome inactivated vaccine, and head exempts from back 28 days booster immunizations once, and immunity in later per six months once; The porcine parvovirus inactivated vaccine in breeding inoculation in preceding 20 days once; Malicious seedling a little less than arriving preceding 40～50 days immune Japanese B encephalitises summer, the 14 days booster immunizations in interval once, later annual immunity is once;

Multiparity sow: malicious seedling a little less than timely injection porcine parvovirus inactivated vaccine of nonpregnant phase and pseudoabies; Breeding of injection in 28 days postpartum pig and respiratory disorder syndrome inactivated vaccine; Malicious seedling a little less than the injection Japanese B encephalitis before breeding, at interval 14 days booster immunizations once, later annual immunity is once; Sow intramuscular injection in postpartum penicillin, streptomycin or the Enrofloxacin of throwing something and feeding, logotype three days.

2. breed raising method according to the described hybridization of claim 1 boar, it is characterized in that described male parent is Balkh yorker, Large White or duroc.