CN102139538B - 在挤出生产线中生产过氧化物交联聚乙烯管的方法 - Google Patents

在挤出生产线中生产过氧化物交联聚乙烯管的方法 Download PDF

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CN102139538B
CN102139538B CN201110056129.0A CN201110056129A CN102139538B CN 102139538 B CN102139538 B CN 102139538B CN 201110056129 A CN201110056129 A CN 201110056129A CN 102139538 B CN102139538 B CN 102139538B
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pipe
heating part
crosslinked
drawing process
heating section
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CN102139538A (zh
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J·施穆尔
M·德特斯
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Inoex GmbH
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在挤出生产线中生产过氧化物交联聚乙烯管的方法，该挤出生产线具有挤出机、交联炉和烟道(flue)，其中挤出的管子经受拉伸过程，以及交联炉具有从其入口延伸至受致动的转向辊的第一加热部分和从该转向辊到其出口的第二加热部分，挤出生产线具有交联炉，交联炉具有从其入口延伸至受致动的转向辊的第一加热部分和从该转向辊到其出口的第二加热部分。本发明的目的是提供一种方法和挤出生产线，其便于生产具有最小收缩的管子。该目的通过以这样的方式监控和调节在第一加热部分(A)中的拉伸过程(S1)和在第二加热部分(B)中的拉伸过程(S2)实现，即管子(4)的必要的拉伸主要发生在第一加热部分(A)中，并且在第二加热部分(B)中的管子(4)的拉伸(S2)经受零调节。在此情况下，交联炉(13)的转向辊(7)的高度和加热部分(A，B)相对于水平面的角度能够是可调节高度的。

Description

在挤出生产线中生产过氧化物交联聚乙烯管的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种根据权利要求1的通用术语的在挤出生产线中生产过氧化物交联聚乙烯管的方法，以及一种根据权利要求6的通用术语的具有交联炉的挤出生产线。
背景技术
聚合物的性能可以通过交联提高是已知的。与非交联管相比，过氧化物交联聚乙烯管具有增强的耐热性、机械强度和耐化学性的优点，使其适于地下加热管、热水管和饮用水管。
DE 696 22 053 T2也描述了一种用于聚乙烯管在线交联的挤出生产线。该生产线的挤出机具有一个向上倾斜的机头，其通向交联炉，管子随后在交联炉中竖直地挤出。管子在交联炉中沿第一加热部分竖直向上引导，绕电驱动转向辊180度反转，然后沿第二加热部分竖直向下引导，在交联炉出口处由另一个辊子转向到水平面上，接着被引导穿过校准和冷却装置。在穿过交联炉的途中，管子沿红外装置引导，该红外装置向管子提供交联所需的热量。牵引装置（haul-off）设置在校准和冷却装置之后，其牵拉管子穿过挤出生产线，并在此之后，管子最后被盘绕。
DE 10 2007 050 939 A1描述了一种交联炉，其具有从其入口延伸至电驱动转向辊的第一加热部分和从转向辊至其出口的第二加热部分。在这种情况下，水平挤出的管子在交联炉的入口处绕辊子第一次转向90度，从而便于其沿第一加热部分在交联炉中竖直向上通过，绕转向辊180度反转，然后沿第二加热部分在交联炉中竖直向下引导。管子由在交联炉出口处设置的辊子转向回到水平面上。
挤出软化的管子在其离开挤出机管机头后膨胀。为了生产具有所需标称直径的管子，因此，管子必须在挤出生产线中稍后被拉伸。然而，该拉伸过程具有收缩的不利后果，这是最终产品的关键质量标准。收缩必须尽可能的小。
发明内容
因此，本发明的目的是提供一种具有交联炉的挤出生产线和方法，其保证生产的管子的收缩最小。
该目的由这样的方法实现，该方法体现出权利要求1的特征，和/或使用具有权利要求6的特征的挤出生产线。
本发明的方案基于这样的发现，即管子在第一加热部分的拉伸对于最终产品收缩的影响比在第二加热部分的拉伸小。因此，根据本发明，监控在第一和第二加热部分的拉伸过程，并以如下方式调节，管子的必要拉伸主要发生在第一加热部分中，并且管子在第二加热部分中的拉伸控制接近零。
该方法的有益实施例形成从属权利要求。
本发明还涉及一种具有交联炉的挤出生产线，交联炉具有从其入口延伸至电驱动转向辊的第一加热部分和从该转向辊至其出口的第二加热部分，其中转向辊的高度和加热部分相对于水平面的角度是可调节的。
这样的交联炉用于具有较大直径的管子，其中在转向辊上进行180度反转（这在现有的交联炉中是正常的情况）难以实现。经过转向辊的高度调节以及加热部分的角度调节的可能性，甚至具有较大直径的管子在第一加热部分中的拉伸过程中也易于进行最优化的控制，其中转向辊和挤出管之间的接触压力可以进行最合适的调节。
该交联炉还可以用于具有较小直径的管子，其中，转向辊和加热部分的调节除了利于转向辊的致动速度和牵引速度之外，还便于挤出管的拉伸调节。
附图说明
本发明参照下面实施例进行描述。在附图中：
图1显示了第一实施例中用于生产过氧化物交联聚乙烯管的挤出生产线的示意图，
图2显示了第二实施例中用于生产过氧化物交联聚乙烯管的挤出生产线的示意图，以及
图3显示了交联炉的放大视图，其处于开始状态，并在与图2一致的挤出生产线中使用。
具体实施方式
图1所示挤出生产线包括具有管机头2和料斗3的挤出机1。利用未示出的定量给料系统，经过料斗3，向挤出机1供应颗粒或粉末形式的聚乙烯，稳定剂和过氧化物。将该混合物在挤出机1中加热、捏合和塑化。随后，得到的可模塑的材料从管机头2的连续的环形缝隙压出。从管机头2排出后，热并且仍然可延展的管子4进入交联炉5。水平挤出的管子4绕交联炉5入口处的辊子6进行第一次转向90度，从而便于其沿第一加热部分A在交联炉5中竖直向上通过。在那设置一个较大的电驱动转向辊7，管子4在其上180度反转，然后沿第二加热部分B在交联炉5中竖直向下延伸。
每个加热部分A和B具有四个连续的红外辐射模块8，经过该红外辐射模块，管子4得到交联所需的热能。
在交联炉5的出口，管子4通过另一个辊子9进行90度转向至水平面。离开交联炉5后，管子4进入校准和冷却装置10，在此冷却。挤出生产线中校准和冷却装置10后面是牵引装置11，其牵引挤出管子4穿过挤出生产线。挤出生产线的末端是锯断装置12，其将挤出管4切断成期望长度的管段。
挤出管4（软化管）从管机头2排出后膨胀，从而需要在交联炉5中拉伸管子4以达到期望的标称管直径，该直径在要遵守的公差极限之内。为了捕获该拉伸过程的测量数据，交联炉5具有四个测量点25，其用圆圈表示，例如以激光传感器的形式。他们易于测量第一加热部分A之前的直径（D0）和之后的直径（D1），以及第二加热部分B之前的直径（D2）和之后的直径（D3）。在第一加热部分A中管子4的拉伸的结果为比率S1=D0/D1，以及在第二加热部分B中拉伸的结果为比率S2=D2/D3。
被引导穿过交联炉5的管子4，被牵引经过顶部转向辊7穿过交联炉5。在此，速度，即转向辊7的每分钟的转数（rpm），根据管机头2处的质量流率进行调节，在这样的方式中，生产标称管直径所需的拉伸主要在第一加热部分A中实现。
与转向辊7的速度不同的线速度可以利用位于挤出生产线中的牵引装置11设定。如果线速度大于转向辊7的速度，管子4将在第二加热部分B中拉伸。这是要避免的，因为这样的拉伸对要满足的规定的收缩具有负面的影响。因此牵引装置11的速度通过由转向辊7规定的速度的连续控制进行调节，即，如果辊速变化，牵引速度也作为该辊速的常值函数发生变化。该连续控制伴有第二控制系统，通过第二控制系统，牵引装置11的速度降低到这样的程度，即拉伸S2接近零，从而预期的收缩达到最小。
图2和3描述了本发明的另一个实施例。其与上述的实施例仅在以下方面不同，即在挤出生产线中使用了另一个交联炉13。图3显示该交联炉13在开始位置的放大视图，而图2中的交联炉13显示处于其操作位置。
这样的交联炉13用于生产较大直径的管子4，例如超过32mm，因为实践中这样的管子的180度反转（如在前述实施例的交联炉5中的情况）难以实现。
交联炉13将在下面更详细的描述，其中前述实施例的附图标记接收用于相同的或操作上等同的部件。
交联炉13具有在入口处的辊子6和在出口处的辊子9，以及设置在辊子6和9之间的较大的电驱动转向辊7。红外辐射模块8分别设置在辊子6和7之间，以及辊子7和9之间，其中设置在辊子6和7之间的红外辐射模块8形成第一加热部分A，以及设置在辊子7和9之间的红外辐射模块8形成第二加热部分B。
在该实施例中，直径D0、D1、D2和D3在第一加热部分A和第二加热部分B之前和之后测量。
转向辊7形成旋转轴15，具有设置在两侧上的支承块14。两个支承块14设置在提升缸26上（图2）。
两个支撑臂16在它们的离开旋转轴15的末端与红外辐射模块8的外壳板17或18固定不动地连接，该两个支撑臂16旋转安装在转向辊7的旋转轴15上。红外辐射模块8的面向彼此的外壳板19或20还与两个附加支撑臂21固定不动地连接，这些附加支撑臂的另一端旋转安装在辊子6和9的旋转轴22和23上。
图3显示了交联炉13的开始位置，其中离开挤出机1的管子4被水平引导穿过交联炉13。
为了控制与前述实施例一致的拉伸过程S1和S2，必须将交联炉13从图3所示的开始位置调整到图2所示的操作位置。为此目的，提升缸26必须伸长，这通过致动手柄24实现。结果，转向辊7移动至提高位置，并使红外辐射模块8与其一起在支撑臂16上面，结果导致红外辐射模块8的角度经枢轴支撑臂16和21的力控制，与转向辊7的高度调节同步调节，使得它们调节到由转向辊的高度调节引起的倾斜。
挤出生产线关于挤出管4的拉伸过程S1和S2的控制象前述实施例一样进行。

Claims (5)

1.用于在挤出生产线中生产过氧化物交联聚乙烯管的方法，该挤出生产线具有挤出机、交联炉和牵引装置，其中挤出的管子经受拉伸过程，以及交联炉具有从其入口延伸至受致动的转向辊的第一加热部分和从该转向辊到其出口的第二加热部分，其特征在于，拉伸过程（S1和S2）分别在第一（A）和第二（B）加热部分中进行监控和调节，使得管子（4）的必要的拉伸过程主要发生在第一加热部分（A）中，并且管子（4）的拉伸过程（S2）在第二加热部分（B）中被控制接近零。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在第一加热部分（A）中的拉伸过程（S1）通过分别测量第一加热部分（A）之前的管直径（D0）和之后的管直径（D1）进行监控，以及在第二加热部分（B）中的拉伸过程（S2）通过分别测量第二加热部分（B）之前的管直径（D2）和之后的管直径（D3）进行监控。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的方法，其特征在于，转向辊（7）的旋转速度以使得最佳的拉伸过程（S1）发生在第一加热部分（A）中这样的方式进行控制。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其特征在于，牵引装置（11）的速度的连续控制作为转向辊（7）的旋转速度的常值函数进行。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，牵引装置（11）的连续控制伴有第二控制系统，该第二控制系统将牵引装置（11）的速度降低到这样的程度，即在第二加热部分（B）中的拉伸过程（S2）接近零。
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