CN102138410A - Culturing method of continuous cropped watermelons by using non-grafting method - Google Patents
Culturing method of continuous cropped watermelons by using non-grafting method Download PDFInfo
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- CN102138410A CN102138410A CN2010106207271A CN201010620727A CN102138410A CN 102138410 A CN102138410 A CN 102138410A CN 2010106207271 A CN2010106207271 A CN 2010106207271A CN 201010620727 A CN201010620727 A CN 201010620727A CN 102138410 A CN102138410 A CN 102138410A
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of plant culturing methods, in particular to a culturing method of continuous cropped watermelons by using a non-grafting method. The invention solves problems in the prior art that the watermelon is difficult to culture in a continuous cropping way and has many pests and diseases. The culturing method comprises the following steps of: A, turning over and ridging; B, processing seeds and seeding; C, watering roots and pruning; D, pollinating and reserving melon locations; and E, harvesting. In comparison with the prior art, the culturing method for the continuous cropped watermelons by using the non-grafting method has the following advantages that: watermelons can be cultured in the continuous cropping way; and by use of the culturing method, and have few pests and diseases, high watermelon quality and low cost.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the plant cultivation method technical field, especially relate to a kind of non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method.
Background technology
Watermelon is the crop of avoiding continuous cropping, strictly speaking can not continuous cropping.Usually watermelon is as if continuous cropping, and growing way must weaken, and fruit can diminish, and fusarium wilt takes place especially easily.But because watermelon belongs to economic crops, recent years, benefit was also good, and the melon grower takes the heavy dressing fertilizer, and soil disinfection and do stock grafting with the bottle gourd seedling also can be planted 2-3 season continuously, if measure such as drip irrigation again, the route of transmission of cut-out flowing water, but more seasons of continuous cropping.Yet though methods such as employing watermelon grafting can solve watermelon continuous cropping problem to the watermelon blight immunity, method of operating comparatively bothers.
Summary of the invention
The objective of the invention is at the problems referred to above, provide a kind of and can realize the watermelon sequential cropping cultivation, damage by disease and insect is few, quality of watermelon height, lower-cost non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method.
For achieving the above object, the present invention has adopted following technical proposal: this non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method is characterized in that this cultivation method comprises following measure:
A, turn over and play Gansu Province: soil disinfectant and fertilizer are applied to melon ground, and melon ground are carried out the deep ploughing of 25-30cm, then that the thin rake of soil rake is broken, play Gansu Province on the ground at melon, and on Gansu Province cover film;
B, seed treatment and sowing: the watermelon seed of selecting for use is hoted water treatment of seeds, adopt the broken film sowing of live method then;
C, irritate root and training: irritate root with Cal-cop 10 respectively when the melon seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf and during 6-7 sheet leaf, adopt three climing or four climing trainings, treat that the melon tire grows to the egg size or stop the training operation when plucking;
D, pollinate and stay melon joint position: carry out artificial pollination at the florescence, and select to stay melon apart from the second joint female flower of melon root 1.4-1.6m;
E, gather: according to the fate after the pollination, gathered in early maturing variety 28-32 days, gathered in middle seasonal strain 34-36 days, gathered in late variety 38-42 days.Maturity is identified and also comprised following method: 1, the fruit lines is clear, and glossy person is ripe melon, otherwise is unripe watermelon.2, proportion, the melon of same volume, light is ripe melon, heavy is unripe watermelon.3, beat with hand, clear and melodious sound is a unripe watermelon, and the sound of muddiness is ripe melon.4, melon silk: claim to calculate forward from seat melon joint position, continuous three melon silk exsiccation persons are ripe melon.
In above-mentioned non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method, in above-mentioned steps A, described soil disinfectant is a quicklime, described fertilizer comprises fertilizer and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and the consumption according to every mu of quicklime 75-100kg, fertilizer 2.3-3.5 cubic meter and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 45-55kg is applied to melon ground, then melon ground is carried out the deep ploughing of 25-30cm, again that the thin rake of soil rake is broken.
In above-mentioned non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method, in above-mentioned steps A, described film is black film, the cross section semicircular in shape in described Gansu Province, the wide 65-75cm in Gansu Province, Gansu Province spacing 1.6～1.8m.
In above-mentioned non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method, in above-mentioned step B, hoting water treatment of seeds is meant the watermelon seed of selecting for use is poured in the warm water of preparation, the 5-6 that the water yield is at least the seed volume doubly, the limit bevelling stirs, first quick and back slow, when treating that water temperature is reduced to 35 ℃ by 65 ℃, remove the surface of the seed cement, rinse well thereby rub seed, be placed on liquor potassic permanganate or the formalin that concentration is 0.8-1.2% then and soaked 15-25 minute, pull out then.
In above-mentioned non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method, in above-mentioned step B, hot water treatment of seeds and rub kind of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m and rub with fine sand or quicklime or cotton sand.
In above-mentioned non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method, in above-mentioned step B, vernalization is carried out to seed in the back of hoting water treatment of seeds, and seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and then sprouts.
In above-mentioned non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method, in above-mentioned step B, spacing in the rows 55-65cm during sowing, 2 seeds in every cave, about planting depth 1.5-2.5cm, thickness of earth covering 1.2-1.6cm, and keep earthing and mulch film to flush, soil moisture remains on 75-85%.
In above-mentioned non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method, in above-mentioned step C, described Cal-cop 10 comprises CuSO
45H
2O and NH
4HCO
3, and CuSO
4-5H
2O and NH
4HCO
3Weight ratio be 1: 11, with CuSO
45H
2O and NH
4HCO
3Fully mix and seal and preserved 22-26 hour, promptly get Cal-cop 10.
In above-mentioned non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method, in above-mentioned step C, the ratio that adds 15kg water according to every 74g Cal-cop 10 is mixed into Cal-cop 10 solution, every strain Cal-cop 10 solution 0.25kg when irritating root.
In above-mentioned non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method, in above-mentioned step D, described artificial pollination is meant that the fresh male flower of cracking-off removes petal, gently smears the female flower pistil at 7-10 point in the morning.
Rich water quality management: begin big loose water management when the melon tire is plucked, soil temperature keeps about 90, looks weather and soil regime, generally waters 2-3 time in expanding stage, and mu is executed pure N10-14 jin simultaneously.
The extermination of disease and insect pest: to put prevention first, treatment is principle, medicine of spray in general every 7-10 days, diseases prevention can be with 1000 times of 1000 times of 70% first holders or 1500 times of 75% tpns or 64% Sandofans, with 1% Avermectin, pyridine worm miaow anti-ly eliminate aphis, aulacophora femoralis etc., simultaneously 500 times of 600 times of fenaminosulf of spray or Cal-cop 10s when the melon tire 1kg left and right sides are prevented and treated virus disease with bacterium gram poison gram or Ningnan toxin.
Compared with prior art, the advantage of this non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method is: can realize the watermelon sequential cropping cultivation, damage by disease and insect is few, the quality of watermelon height, and cost is lower.
Embodiment
This non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method comprises following measure:
A, turn over and play Gansu Province: soil disinfectant and fertilizer are applied to melon ground, and melon ground are carried out the deep ploughing of 25-30cm, then that the thin rake of soil rake is broken, play Gansu Province on the ground at melon, and on Gansu Province cover film.Soil disinfectant is a quicklime, described fertilizer comprises fertilizer and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and the consumption according to every mu of quicklime 75-100kg, fertilizer 2.3-3.5 cubic meter and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 45-55kg is applied to melon ground, then melon ground is carried out the deep ploughing of 25-30cm, and is again that the thin rake of soil rake is broken.Film is black film, the cross section semicircular in shape in described Gansu Province, the wide 65-75cm in Gansu Province, Gansu Province spacing 1.6～1.8m.
B, seed treatment and sowing: the watermelon seed of selecting for use is hoted water treatment of seeds, adopt the broken film sowing of live method then.Hot water treatment of seeds and be meant the watermelon seed of selecting for use is poured in the warm water of preparation, the water yield is at least 5-6 times of seed volume, the limit bevelling stirs, first quick and back slow, when treating that water temperature is reduced to 35 ℃ by 65 ℃, remove the surface of the seed cement, rinse well thereby rub seed, be placed on liquor potassic permanganate or the formalin that concentration is 0.8-1.2% then and soaked 15-25 minute, pull out then.Hot water treatment of seeds and rub kind of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m and rub with fine sand or quicklime or cotton sand.After hoting water treatment of seeds seed is carried out vernalization, seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and then sprouts.Spacing in the rows 55-65cm during sowing, 2 seeds in every cave, about planting depth 1.5-2.5cm, thickness of earth covering 1.2-1.6cm, and keep earthing and mulch film to flush, soil moisture remains on 75-85%.
C, irritate root and training: irritate root with Cal-cop 10 respectively when the melon seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf and during 6-7 sheet leaf, adopt three climing or four climing trainings, treat that the melon tire grows to the egg size or stop the training operation when plucking.Cal-cop 10 comprises CuSO
45H
2O and NH
4HCO
3, and CuSO
45H
2O and NH
4HCO
3Weight ratio be 1: 11, with CuSO
45H
2O and NH
4HCO
3Fully mix and seal and preserved 22-26 hour, promptly get Cal-cop 10.The ratio that adds 15kg water according to every 74g Cal-cop 10 is mixed into Cal-cop 10 solution, every strain Cal-cop 10 solution 0.25kg when irritating root.
D, pollinate and stay melon joint position: carry out artificial pollination at the florescence, and select to stay melon apart from the second joint female flower of melon root 1.4-1.6m.Artificial pollination is meant that the fresh male flower of cracking-off removes petal, gently smears the female flower pistil at 7-10 point in the morning.
E, gather: according to the fate after the pollination, gathered in early maturing variety 28-32 days, gathered in middle seasonal strain 34-36 days, gathered in late variety 38-42 days.Maturity is identified and also comprised following method: 1, the fruit lines is clear, and glossy person is ripe melon, otherwise is unripe watermelon.2, proportion, the melon of same volume, light is ripe melon, heavy is unripe watermelon.3, beat with hand, clear and melodious sound is a unripe watermelon, and the sound of muddiness is ripe melon.4, melon silk: claim to calculate forward from seat melon joint position, continuous three melon silk exsiccation persons are ripe melon.
The present invention also comprises:
Rich water quality management: begin big loose water management when the melon tire is plucked, soil temperature keeps about 90, looks weather and soil regime, generally waters 2-3 time in expanding stage, and mu is executed pure N10-14 jin simultaneously.
The extermination of disease and insect pest: to put prevention first, treatment is principle, medicine of spray in general every 7-10 days, diseases prevention can be with 1000 times of 1000 times of 70% first holders or 1500 times of 75% tpns or 64% Sandofans, with 1% Avermectin, pyridine worm miaow anti-ly eliminate aphis, aulacophora femoralis etc., simultaneously 500 times of 600 times of fenaminosulf of spray or Cal-cop 10s when the melon tire 1kg left and right sides are prevented and treated virus disease with bacterium gram poison gram or Ningnan toxin.
Specific embodiment described herein only is that the present invention's spirit is illustrated.The technical staff of the technical field of the invention can make various modifications or replenishes or adopt similar mode to substitute described specific embodiment, but can't depart from spirit of the present invention or surmount the defined scope of appended claims.
Although this paper has used term morely, do not get rid of the possibility of using other term.Using these terms only is in order to describe and explain essence of the present invention more easily; They are construed to any additional restriction all is contrary with spirit of the present invention.
Claims (10)
1. non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method is characterized in that this cultivation method comprises following measure:
A, turn over and play Gansu Province: soil disinfectant and fertilizer are applied to melon ground, and melon ground are carried out the deep ploughing of 25-30cm, then that the thin rake of soil rake is broken, play Gansu Province on the ground at melon, and on Gansu Province cover film;
B, seed treatment and sowing: the watermelon seed of selecting for use is hoted water treatment of seeds, adopt the broken film sowing of live method then;
C, irritate root and training: irritate root with Cal-cop 10 respectively when the melon seedling grows to 3-4 sheet leaf and during 6-7 sheet leaf, adopt three climing or four climing trainings, treat that the melon tire grows to the egg size or stop the training operation when plucking;
D, pollinate and stay melon joint position: carry out artificial pollination at the florescence, and select to stay melon apart from the second joint female flower of melon root 1.4-1.6m;
E, gather: according to the fate after the pollination, gathered in early maturing variety 28-32 days, gathered in middle seasonal strain 34-36 days, gathered in late variety 38-42 days.
2. non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned steps A, described soil disinfectant is a quicklime, described fertilizer comprises fertilizer and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium, and the consumption according to every mu of quicklime 75-100kg, fertilizer 2.3-3.5 cubic meter and Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium 45-55kg is applied to melon ground, then melon ground is carried out the deep ploughing of 25-30cm, and is again that the thin rake of soil rake is broken.
3. non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method according to claim 2 is characterized in that, in above-mentioned steps A, described film is black film, the cross section semicircular in shape in described Gansu Province, the wide 65-75cm in Gansu Province, Gansu Province spacing 1.6～1.8m.
4. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation methods, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned step B, hot water treatment of seeds and be meant the watermelon seed of selecting for use is poured in the warm water of preparation, the water yield is at least 5-6 times of seed volume, the limit bevelling stirs, first quick and back slow, when treating that water temperature is reduced to 35 ℃ by 65 ℃, thereby rub seed and remove the surface of the seed cement, rinse well, be placed on liquor potassic permanganate or the formalin that concentration is 0.8-1.2% then and soaked 15-25 minute, pull out then.
5. non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in above-mentioned step B, hots water treatment of seeds and rubs kind of the period of the day from 11 p.m. to 1 a.m and rub with fine sand or quicklime or cotton sand.
6. non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method according to claim 4 is characterized in that, in above-mentioned step B, vernalization is carried out to seed in the back of hoting water treatment of seeds, and seed shows money or valuables one carries unintentionally and then sprouts.
7. non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method according to claim 4, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned step B, spacing in the rows 55-65cm during sowing, 2 seeds in every cave, about planting depth 1.5-2.5cm, thickness of earth covering 1.2-1.6cm, and keep earthing and mulch film to flush, soil moisture remains on 75-85%.
8. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation methods, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned step C, described Cal-cop 10 comprises CuSO
45H
2O and NH
4HCO
3, and CuSO
45H
2O and NH
4HCO
3Weight ratio be 1: 11, with CuSO
45H
2O and NH
4HCO
3Fully mix and seal and preserved 22-26 hour, promptly get Cal-cop 10.
9. non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation method according to claim 8, it is characterized in that, in above-mentioned step C, the ratio that adds 15kg water according to every 74g Cal-cop 10 is mixed into Cal-cop 10 solution, every strain Cal-cop 10 solution 0.25kg when irritating root.
10. according to claim 1 or 2 or 3 described non-grafting continuous cropping watermelon sequential cropping cultivation methods, it is characterized in that in above-mentioned step D, described artificial pollination is meant that the fresh male flower of cracking-off removes petal, gently smears the female flower pistil at 7-10 point in the morning.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105009861A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-04 | 李春燕 | Successive-cropping planting method of watermelons |
| CN105123197A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-09 | 颍上县小张庄农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting watermelons in eastern region of Fuyang |
| CN106688734A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-24 | 霍山县安绿园农业发展有限公司 | Disease-prevention planting method for replanted watermelons |
| CN107094571A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-29 | 广东药科大学 | The implantation methods of Pogostemon cablin seedling under a kind of Continuous Mono-cropping |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101044821A (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2007-10-03 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Sowing method for increasing seedlings coming-out rate and seedling establishment rate of sparse density type crops |
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2010
- 2010-12-30 CN CN2010106207271A patent/CN102138410A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN101044821A (en) * | 2007-04-30 | 2007-10-03 | 中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所 | Sowing method for increasing seedlings coming-out rate and seedling establishment rate of sparse density type crops |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| 曾涛; 陆明科; 梁志萍: "礼品型西瓜连茬栽培技术", 《江西农业科技》 * |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN105009861A (en) * | 2015-06-25 | 2015-11-04 | 李春燕 | Successive-cropping planting method of watermelons |
| CN105123197A (en) * | 2015-08-19 | 2015-12-09 | 颍上县小张庄农业科技有限公司 | Method for planting watermelons in eastern region of Fuyang |
| CN106688734A (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2017-05-24 | 霍山县安绿园农业发展有限公司 | Disease-prevention planting method for replanted watermelons |
| CN107094571A (en) * | 2017-05-09 | 2017-08-29 | 广东药科大学 | The implantation methods of Pogostemon cablin seedling under a kind of Continuous Mono-cropping |
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Application publication date: 20110803 |