CN102137941A - 用于在电弧炉中对一种抗锈熔体进行泡沫渣控制的方法 - Google Patents

用于在电弧炉中对一种抗锈熔体进行泡沫渣控制的方法 Download PDF

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CN102137941A
CN102137941A CN2009801332374A CN200980133237A CN102137941A CN 102137941 A CN102137941 A CN 102137941A CN 2009801332374 A CN2009801332374 A CN 2009801332374A CN 200980133237 A CN200980133237 A CN 200980133237A CN 102137941 A CN102137941 A CN 102137941A
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electric arc
slag
arc furnace
thermograde
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CN102137941B (zh
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J·赖歇尔
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SMS Siemag AG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/5264—Manufacture of alloyed steels including ferro-alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C5/527—Charging of the electric furnace
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/08—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces heated electrically, with or without any other source of heat
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27B—FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS IN GENERAL; OPEN SINTERING OR LIKE APPARATUS
    • F27B3/00—Hearth-type furnaces, e.g. of reverberatory type; Tank furnaces
    • F27B3/10—Details, accessories, or equipment peculiar to hearth-type furnaces
    • F27B3/28—Arrangement of controlling, monitoring, alarm or the like devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
    • C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
    • C21C2005/5288—Measuring or sampling devices
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C21C2300/00—Process aspects
    • C21C2300/02—Foam creation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0003—Monitoring the temperature or a characteristic of the charge and using it as a controlling value
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
    • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS, OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
    • F27D19/00—Arrangements of controlling devices
    • F27D2019/0028—Regulation
    • F27D2019/0075—Regulation of the charge quantity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
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  • Waste-Gas Treatment And Other Accessory Devices For Furnaces (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种用于在一个电弧炉中对一种抗锈熔体进行泡沫渣控制的方法。根据本发明，在此通过热敏成像作为时间和渣高度的函数连续地检测在电弧炉中的渣高度，并且根据温度和温度梯度控制发泡材料的添加。

Description

用于在电弧炉中对一种抗锈熔体进行泡沫渣控制的方法
技术领域
本发明涉及一种用于在一个电弧炉中对一种抗锈熔体进行泡沫渣控制的方法。
背景技术
一种在EAF内发泡良好的渣的优点是广泛公知的，其中可以参见WO 2007/087979 A1。在电弧炉运行时，利用电极的电弧熔化配料(即主要是废料)和合金，同时形成渣。假如所述渣处于泡沫形状态，那么该渣在此除了其主要功能即从熔体中除去不需要的组成部分之外还履行保护功能。在这种状态，渣包围位于电极尖端和金属表面之间的空间，并且，由于其弱的导热性而保护炉子的耐火炉衬不受到电弧的辐射能量。
泛起泡沫的渣大大地减少了电弧对电炉的壁的强烈辐射，因此提高了到金属熔体中的能量引入。因此，显著地延长了炉子的耐火材料的耐久性。
为了获得这些优点，泡沫渣必须始终在炉中处于一个预定的高度。
从EP 637 634 A1公开了一种用于制造金属熔体的方法，在该方法中，泡沫渣的高度按声学确定，也就是，通过检测表征渣泡沫的频率范围来确定该高度。由测量声级与基准声级的比较产生用于控制发泡介质添加的要点。
同样，WO2007/009924A1论述了泡沫渣在电弧炉中的高度的确定。在这里，作为测量技术，使用了固体传声的确定。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提出一种改进的用于进行泡沫渣控制的方法。
根据本发明，这个目的如此实现，即通过热敏成像作为时间和渣高度的函数连续地检测在电弧炉中的渣高度，并且根据温度和温度梯度控制发泡材料的添加。
因此，本发明涉及一种用于在一个电弧炉中在添加发泡材料时借助一个热敏成像系统对一种抗锈熔体进行泡沫渣控制的方法。对添加的控制以通过其高度测量的泡沫渣的最佳形成为基础。渣的高度导致热敏元件的温度变化。热敏元件被安装在电弧炉的壁中并且具有极高的导热性。因此同样地给出了测量温度梯度的可能性。
因此，利用热敏元件借助一种连续的温度测量来检测渣高度。在无线红外信号转移到一个在控制状态的接收机的基础上，接收其基于不同渣高度的快速的温度变化。根据温度曲线来控制发泡材料的添加。
附图说明
下面要参照附图来阐述本发明。其中：
图1测量系统的一般原理图；及
图2发泡材料添加控制的原理图。
具体实施方式
在图1中，用标记1表示在这里没有详细描述的电弧炉。一个红外摄像机2接收由热敏元件5发射的红外射线并且把测定值作为控制信号3传送到材料添加装置4中，该热敏元件设置在炉壁的一个区域内，即设置在一定高度的区域内，该高度位于现有的或者必需的泡沫渣高度的通常的区域内，材料添加装置本身接着把发泡材料供给电弧炉。这通过箭头6来表示。
图2示出了随时间轴分布的渣高度。
泡沫渣按照天然结构似乎呈指数地产生，如图2所看到的那样。如所提到的那样，发泡材料经由材料添加装置4导入到在渣和金属之间的区域内并且经受同时伴有氧化铁还原的溶解过程。
通过测量系统，由热敏元件上的温度变化(Temperaturentwicklung)来识别渣高度。热敏元件的温变是时间和渣高度的函数，如在等式1和2中所表示的那样。
该测量系统提供：
-作为时间函数的温度信号：T＝f(t)＝f′(h)           (1)
-作为时间函数的温度梯度：dT＝df′(h)               (2)
热敏元件被安装到电弧炉的壁中并且表现出极高的导热性。因此，可以算出温度梯度，参见等式3。
控制系统提供：dT/dt＝g(h，t)＝df′(h)/dt           (3)
因此可以确定
-以(kg/min)表示的添加速度dm/dt(等式4和5)
在T＞Tmin和dT/dt≥0时  dm/dt＝v                 (4)
在T＝Topt和dT/dt＜0时  dm/dt＝0                 (5)
并且可以确定以(min)表示的添加时间t(参见等式6和7)
在dT/dt≥0时           Δt＝t                   (6)
在dT/dt＜0时           Δt＝O                   (7)
由于热敏成像(Thermografie)是非接触的测量方法，这就是说，也可以对远处的物体成像。摄像机的IR信号作为无线电信号在操纵台中被接收并且按照等式4-7转变成控制信号。
只要梯度用正号来表示，这表示温度具有增高的趋势，但是同时也表示电极处于没有被包住的状态，那么以恒定的速度来添加材料。不同情形下，在这里也可以将一种不同的针对实际的函数作为控制的基础。如果温度梯度是零或者是负的，那么完全停止添加材料或者根据一种不同的针对实际的函数逐渐减少地继续添加材料。

Claims (5)

1.用于在一个电弧炉中对一种抗锈熔体进行泡沫渣控制的方法，其特征在于，通过热敏成像作为时间和渣高度的函数连续地检测在电弧炉中的渣高度，并且根据温度和温度梯度控制发泡材料的添加。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在显示具有正号的温度梯度时，以恒定速度进行材料的添加。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其特征在于，在显示具有负号的温度梯度或者温度梯度为零时，完全停止材料的添加，或者根据一种不同的针对实际的函数逐渐减少地继续材料的添加。
4.根据前述权利要求之一所述的方法，其特征在于，借助一个装到炉壁中的热敏元件测量所述温度。
5.根据权利要求4所述的方法，其特征在于，由热敏元件发射的红外射线经由一个热图像摄像机测定并且作为控制信号被传输到发泡材料添加装置。
CN200980133237.4A 2008-08-26 2009-08-07 用于在电弧炉中对一种抗锈熔体进行泡沫渣控制的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN102137941B (zh)

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DE102008045054A DE102008045054A1 (de) 2008-08-26 2008-08-26 Verfahren zur Schaumschlackensteuerung einer Rostfreischmelze in einem Elektrolichtbogenofen
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PCT/DE2009/001137 WO2010022703A2 (de) 2008-08-26 2009-08-07 Verfahren zur schaumschlackensteuerung einer rostfreischmelze in einem elektrolichtbogenofen

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CN115679038A (zh) * 2022-10-31 2023-02-03 辽宁省沈抚改革创新示范区东大工业技术研究院 一种基于噪声和温度的电弧炉泡沫渣高度控制方法及系统

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CN115679038A (zh) * 2022-10-31 2023-02-03 辽宁省沈抚改革创新示范区东大工业技术研究院 一种基于噪声和温度的电弧炉泡沫渣高度控制方法及系统
CN115679038B (zh) * 2022-10-31 2024-05-10 辽宁省沈抚改革创新示范区东大工业技术研究院 一种基于噪声和温度的电弧炉泡沫渣高度控制方法及系统

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KR20110034014A (ko) 2011-04-04
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CN102137941B (zh) 2014-11-19
MX2011001248A (es) 2011-03-25
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EP2329049A2 (de) 2011-06-08
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