CN102137636B - 包含有插式连接装置且防旋性能经过改良的内置假体 - Google Patents

包含有插式连接装置且防旋性能经过改良的内置假体 Download PDF

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CN102137636B
CN102137636B CN200980133656.8A CN200980133656A CN102137636B CN 102137636 B CN102137636 B CN 102137636B CN 200980133656 A CN200980133656 A CN 200980133656A CN 102137636 B CN102137636 B CN 102137636B
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interconnection
dislocation
prosthese
insertion depth
connecting device
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CN102137636A (zh
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赫尔穆特·D·林克
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3607Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses including proximal or total replacement of the femur
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30332Conically- or frustoconically-shaped protrusion and recess
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30331Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit
    • A61F2002/30362Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements made by longitudinally pushing a protrusion into a complementarily-shaped recess, e.g. held by friction fit with possibility of relative movement between the protrusion and the recess
    • A61F2002/30364Rotation about the common longitudinal axis
    • A61F2002/30367Rotation about the common longitudinal axis with additional means for preventing said rotation
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30329Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements
    • A61F2002/30476Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism
    • A61F2002/30507Connections or couplings between prosthetic parts, e.g. between modular parts; Connecting elements locked by an additional locking mechanism using a threaded locking member, e.g. a locking screw or a set screw
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2002/30001Additional features of subject-matter classified in A61F2/28, A61F2/30 and subgroups thereof
    • A61F2002/30316The prosthesis having different structural features at different locations within the same prosthesis; Connections between prosthetic parts; Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30535Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for
    • A61F2002/30563Special structural features of bone or joint prostheses not otherwise provided for having elastic means or damping means, different from springs, e.g. including an elastomeric core or shock absorbers
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/30767Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth
    • A61F2/30771Special external or bone-contacting surface, e.g. coating for improving bone ingrowth applied in original prostheses, e.g. holes or grooves
    • A61F2002/30772Apertures or holes, e.g. of circular cross section
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61FFILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
    • A61F2/00Filters implantable into blood vessels; Prostheses, i.e. artificial substitutes or replacements for parts of the body; Appliances for connecting them with the body; Devices providing patency to, or preventing collapsing of, tubular structures of the body, e.g. stents
    • A61F2/02Prostheses implantable into the body
    • A61F2/30Joints
    • A61F2/32Joints for the hip
    • A61F2/36Femoral heads ; Femoral endoprostheses
    • A61F2/3662Femoral shafts
    • A61F2/3672Intermediate parts of shafts
    • A61F2002/3674Connections of proximal parts to distal parts

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
  • Cardiology (AREA)
  • Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery (AREA)
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Abstract

本发明涉及一种内置假体,特别用于至少部分代替长骨,包括插式连接装置,用于连接轴体(2)和另一假体部件(1),其中,所述插式连接装置(3)包括轴向凸起(33)和容置孔(34)。根据本发明,所述插式连接装置(3)的其中一个部分上设有一基于所述插式连接装置的径向横向通道(53),所述横向通道的中轴线(55)与布置在所述插式连接装置另一部分上的横向钻孔(52)的轴线(56)之间存在位错(d),及可插入所述横向通道(53)的夹紧元件(6),所述夹紧元件的顶端(62)在插入状态下嵌入所述横向钻孔(52)内。如此一来,即使在产生公差对这样的不利情况下,也能实现有效紧固,且不会损坏易损的凸起。

Description

包含有插式连接装置且防旋性能经过改良的内置假体
技术领域
本发明涉及一种内置假体,特别是用于至少部分代替长骨的内置假体,该内置假体包括一插式连接装置,用于连接轴体和另一假体部件,其中,所述插式连接装置包括轴向凸起和容置孔。
背景技术
内置假体(特别是用于治疗大规模骨缺损的内置假体)一般都采用多部件设计,并且具有一个长形的轴体式假体部件。该假体部件末端设有可与其他假体部件或残留的天然骨组织连接的装置。需要注意的是,连接点上会因为杠杆作用而产生很大的作用力,尤其是那些用于代替长形骨(例如股骨)的内置假体。假体各节段间的连接点亦是如此。因此,这些位置上的连接结构必须承受极大的负荷。这些连接结构不仅需要在较长的一段时间内确保能将较大的作用力传递出去,还须保持实际无隙状态,另外在需要时也能方便地解除连接,以备更换假体节段之需。
现有技术中已有人提出用包含有圆锥体的插式连接装置来连接多部件假体(DE202004019264U1)。为了防止发生不需要的扭转,单独设置一个沿轴向突出的防旋销形式的防扭转装置。在手术进行过程中建立连接,具体方式是用足够大的力将圆锥形插式连接装置插接起来。但事实表明,不是任何时候都能成功地施加足以建立可靠连接的力。特别是在术中条件不利的情况下,比如手术部位难以接近。因此,公知做法是利用固定装置来紧固上述圆锥体。一般使用安全螺钉来实现这一点,第一种已知的实施方式是将安全螺钉与圆锥体的轴轴向平行布置,从而将待连接组件拉紧。第二种实施方式主要是通过将螺钉横向布置来对圆锥体的边缘产生作用(DE 202005014269U1;EP 1088531A1)。这两种实施方式都会使假体部件的结构复杂化,而且恰好在要求具有较大力传递能力的区域内产生削弱作用。
发明内容
本发明的目的是提供一种前述内置假体,能提高该内置假体的插式连接装置的稳定性。
本发明所采用的技术方案为具有独立权利要求所述技术特征的内置假体。从属权利要求涉及的是有利的改进方案。
针对一种内置假体,特别是用于至少部分代替长骨的内置假体,该内置假体包括插式连接装置,用于连接轴体和另一假体部件,其中,所述插式连接装置包括轴向凸起和容置孔,本发明提出如下解决方案:所述插式连接装置的其中一个部分上设有基于所述凸起的横向通道,该横向通道的中轴线与布置在所述插式连接装置另一部分上的横向钻孔的轴线之间存在位错,及可插入所述横向通道的夹紧元件,该夹紧元件的顶端在插入状态下嵌入所述横向钻孔内。“基于所述凸起”在此指的是该凸起轴体侧的一个位置,例如处于该凸起的一个凸台上的位置。“位错”是指横向通道的轴线与横向钻孔之间的一个有向距离,当凸起全部插入容置孔时,结构上就会产生这个以标称尺寸计量的有向距离。该距离值是这样定向的:当凸起尚未全部插入插式连接装置的容置孔时,该位错具有较大的值,这个值随后减小,直至凸起最终全部容置于容置孔内。重要的是,即使在凸起全部插入的情况下,该位错也仍然是正的;它既不会变成零,更不会是负的。
本发明基于以下认识:通过用位于横向通道中的夹紧元件对横向钻孔产生作用,可以施加一个将凸起朝容置孔方向夹紧的反作用力,即使在偏离公差范围内的标称尺寸的情况(即,发生成对产生公差这样的不利情况)下,借助于上述正位错也能实现理想的夹紧效果。如此一来,就算在不利情况下也能实现可靠夹紧。正是这类插式连接装置所常用的圆锥体连接具有这样的特性,即:就算圆锥体直径公差很小,实现自锁所需要的较小锥角也会在插入深度上引发极大的差别。由于这些差别的存在,简单地将无头螺钉插入横向钻孔是无法实现有效紧固的;反而可能引起反向运动,进而导致圆锥体连接被解除。本发明认识到,由于公差无法避免,因此插式连接装置的这个问题是固有的,其解决方法是使横向通道和横向钻孔之间存在正的位错。这样才能确保即使在产生不利公差的情况下,也能取得预期的夹紧效果。
所选位错的大小应符合以下条件:就算所述凸起以最小插入深度插入所述容置孔,所述横向通道也会与所述横向钻孔重叠。这样一来,就算凸起在出现超差时很难或根本无法全部插入容置孔,也能实现可靠夹紧。所述位错的合适取值范围如下:至少为0.3mm且不超过1.2mm,优选介于0.5mm与0.8mm之间。
所述横向通道的直径(更准确地说是芯径)至少是所述插式连接装置的最大和最小插入深度之差的两倍,优选是三倍。这样就能确保横向通道和横向钻孔之间实现有效重叠,无论实际插入深度是多少,进而实现本发明所要求的夹紧效果。所述横向钻孔有利地采用锥形设计。所述横向钻孔一般实施为盲孔,但不是必须实施为盲孔。其锥度较大,优选超过30°,优选介于45°与75°之间。这样的锥度可以确保,当夹紧元件嵌入横向钻孔时,该夹紧元件会与该锥形结构靠近插式连接装置另一部分的一侧发生接触。如果进一步插入夹紧元件,凸起就会被进一步推入容置孔内。
所述夹紧元件的顶端合理地设有一个排挤面,该排挤面优选设计成楔尖。如果夹紧元件本身就有锥度,那么不管所述横向钻孔是否具有锥度,或者如果所述横向钻孔具有锥度,则能进一步增强其作用。
在大多数情况下,只设置一个与横向钻孔之间存在位错的横向通道就够了。但也可以设置两个或两个以上的横向通道。以下情形特别适用这种方案:所述横向通道布置在一个防旋销中,并且在多数个情况下沿直径与该防旋销相对布置的其他防旋销中同样布置有这样一个横向通道。设置两个(或两个以上)横向通道的优点是可以提高紧固可靠性。但同时也可能出现超静定的风险,从而引发扭曲或过载等问题。为了避免这种情况,可以使至少一个夹紧元件(优选第二(或其他)夹紧元件)具有弹性顶端。这样可以避免拉紧时发生扭曲,从而如期达到进一步的紧固可靠性。其优点在于,当第一夹紧元件发生故障时,还可通过具有弹性顶端的夹紧元件来确保夹紧效果。尽管可能会产生一定的细微间隙,但它的好处是可以让患者或主治医生知道第一夹紧元件发生了故障,而不必担心紧固作用完全失效。
所述顶端优选通过弹性包覆物而实现,该包覆物例如由像橡胶这样的弹性材料或其他生物相容性极佳的弹性材料(例如特定类型的聚乙烯)构成。
附图说明
下面将借助附图及其所示的有利实施例对本发明进行详细说明,其中:
图1为采用本发明实施例的内置假体的透视图;
图2为图1所示内置假体的两节段的插式连接的局部放大图;
图3a、图3b为夹紧元件的实施例;
图4为所示正常位置上位错的局部截面图;
图5为所示最大位置上位错的局部截面图;以及
图6为所示最小位置上位错的局部截面图。
具体实施方式
下文将以内置假体为例对本发明进行说明,该内置假体用于在一股骨的上端区域内部分代替该股骨。所述假体由两个节段构成,上部假体部件1和轴体2,所述上部假体部件包括枢销10,用于固定作为人造髋关节的一部分的球头(未图示),所述轴体可以插入天然股骨剩余部分的骨髓腔内。假体部件1和轴体2通过插式连接装置3彼此相连。该插式连接装置上还设有单独的防旋装置4。
下面借助图2对插式连接装置3和防旋装置4进行详细说明。附图左部为轴体2的上端。此处设有一个加厚凸台30,其端面31指向外部。该端面上设有一个布置在轴体2的轴线的轴向延长部分上的圆锥形凸起33。该圆锥体在顶端35截平。此外,凸台30的圆周表面设有多个从端面31朝轴体2中心方向延伸的凹坑状槽隙37。这些槽隙包括一个朝轴体2的中轴线定向的横向钻孔52。该横向钻孔为底部为锥形结构54的盲孔。
图2右半部分为构成股骨头部的假体部件1的下端。该假体部件呈普通的圆柱形,并在其下端处具有端面32。该端面32中央设有一个容置孔34,其内壁向内呈锥形延伸。容置孔34的尺寸与轴体2的凸起33相配,凸起33几乎可以全部插入容置孔34中,端面31和32之间只留下一个很小的空隙(典型值为0.75mm)。任何情况下,容置孔34的深度都应确保在所述凸起的顶端35接触到容置孔34的底部之前,端面31、32相互接触。顶端35与端面32之间因上述尺寸而产生的结构距离构成一个可以衡量插入深度的尺度。
假体部件1上还形成有两个沿直径相对布置且沿轴向突出的防旋销51。组装完毕后,防旋销51与轴体2的凸台30上的相应槽隙37共同作用。防旋销51的宽度与槽隙37的宽度相配,只留有便于插入的必要间隙,如此便可防止轴体2发生相对于假体部件1的旋转。
所述防旋销中设有一个横向于插入方向9的横向通道53。该横向通道具有可供夹紧元件6拧入的内螺纹。所述横向通道的中轴线55与插入方向9正交。与之相应,槽隙37内部的圆周面设有横向钻孔52。该横向钻孔52为底部为锥形结构54的盲孔。该锥形结构的顶端界定一中轴线56。需要说明的是,这个锥形结构不需要一定是完整的,它也可以呈截锥状;中轴线56的位置不受此影响。
图3所示为夹紧元件6。该夹紧元件类似于一个无头螺钉,包括圆柱形主体,其表面具有外螺纹63。外螺纹的尺寸应确保无头螺钉可以嵌入横向通道53的内螺纹中。其中一端面设有六边形凹槽61,用于容置作为操纵工具的螺旋扳手。与之相对的端面62呈尖锥状。其锥角优选与确定横向钻孔52的锥形结构54的锥角相一致。
下面将联系图4至图6对横向通道53和横向钻孔52的共同作用进行详细说明。各图所示的是所述插式连接装置在插入状态下的局部截面图,即,凸起33位于容置孔34中。该凸起一直插入到锥体表面与锥形孔间产生作用并固定为止。在所示实施例中,所选各尺寸应确保端面31、32之间存在1.25mm的余隙。根据本发明,当所述插式连接装置处于这个位置(此位置规定为正常位置)时,横向通道53的中轴线55和横向钻孔52的中轴线56之间的位错d为0.75mm。这样,当夹紧元件6被拧入横向通道53后,该夹紧元件就可以与横向钻孔52的锥形部分的近端面31的侧面部分发生接触。在此情况下,通过拧入夹紧元件6就可在凸起33上施加一个将其进一步推入容置孔34(在图4至图6中是向下作用)的力。由此将所述插式连接装置夹紧。
由于制造公差和/或不完全正确的插入操作,假体部件1、2可能会产生位置公差。在产生公差对(即凸起33产生公差上限,容置孔34产生公差下限,即公差带)这样的不利情况下,或者当操作人员未完整实施插入操作时,就会出现如图5所示的情形。这里的插式连接装置3的插入深度变小了,从而导致端面31、32之间产生了1.7mm的间隙。此时的实际位错d′为1.2mm。在这种情况下,应该在考虑上述位错的同时来选择横向钻孔52的直径,使得中轴线55仍位于靠近端面31的侧面区域内。这样一来,将夹紧元件6插入时,该夹紧元件的顶端就会与该侧面边缘接触,从而达到预期的夹紧效果。即使在这种情况下,当出现产生公差对或未完整插入操作的不利情况时,也能实现所要求的无隙紧固。
图6所示为公差对与上述情况相反的一种情况,即凸起33产生公差下限,容置孔34产生公差上限。所述插式连接装置此时的插入深度大于其处于所述正常位置(见图4)时的插入深度。通过按本发明所述的方式来选择位错,可以确保即使在这种情况下,当间隙为0.8mm时,仍然存在0.3mm的正的实际位错d″。因此,就算发生成对产生公差这样的极其不利的情况,也能达到可靠的夹紧效果。
图3b所示为夹紧元件6′的另一种方案。它与图3a所示夹紧元件6之间的区别主要在于,其顶端62上还布置有一个由弹性材料构成的包覆物64。该弹性材料可以是橡胶类材料或生物相容性较佳的高弹性聚乙烯。为了增强弹性,顶端62′也可以全部由弹性材料构成。如果还存在第二(或其他)防旋销且其中设有相应的横向通道53′(见图2中的虚线),在与之对应的凹槽(未图示)中设有相应的横向钻孔,夹紧元件6′采用上述设计就会非常有利。通过在夹紧元件6′的顶端采用弹性设计,可以有效应对超静定问题,进而避免出现超载或定位质量下降等情况。第二横向通道53′的位错优选大于第一横向通道53的位错。其优点在于可以提供一个返回位置,该返回位置会产生一个虽小而明显、但却非临界的间隙。

Claims (15)

1.一种包含有插式连接装置且防旋性能经过改良的内置假体,用于至少部分代替长骨,所述内置假体由两个节段构成:假体部件(1)和轴体(2),所述假体部件(1)和轴体(2)通过插式连接装置(3)相连接,所述插式连接装置(3)包括位于其中一个节段上的轴向凸起(33)和横向钻孔(52),以及位于另一个节段上的容置孔(34)和横向通道(53),其特征在于,所述横向通道的中轴线(55)与所述横向钻孔(52)的轴线(56)之间存在位错(d),所述插式连接装置(3)还包括可插入所述横向通道(53)的夹紧元件(6),所述夹紧元件的顶端(62)在插入状态下嵌入所述横向钻孔(52)内,所述横向通道(53)布置在所述插式连接装置上且沿轴向突出的防旋销(51)中。
2.如权利要求1所述的假体,其特征在于,所述位错选用的最小值应确保,即使在插入深度达到最大的情况下,所述位错也是正的。
3.如权利要求1所述的假体,其特征在于,所述位错选用的最大值应确保,即使在插入深度达到最小的情况下,所述横向通道(53)也会与所述横向钻孔(52)重叠,所述插入深度达到最小是指所述轴向凸起(33)产生公差上限,容置孔(34)产生公差下限时导致的插入深度最小。
4.如权利要求2或3所述的假体,其特征在于,所述位错至少为0.3 mm。
5.如权利要求4所述的假体,其特征在于,所述位错至少为0.5 mm。
6.如权利要求1所述的假体,其特征在于,所述横向通道(53)的芯径至少是最小和最大插入深度之差的两倍所述最小插入深度是指所述轴向凸起(33)产生公差上限,容置孔(34)产生公差下限时的插入深度。
7.如权利要求6所述的假体,其特征在于,所述横向通道(53)的芯径至少是最小和最大插入深度之差的三倍。
8.如权利要求1或6所述的假体,其特征在于,所述横向钻孔(52)的底部呈锥形。
9.如权利要求1所述的假体,其特征在于,沿直径相对布置的第二防旋销(51′)中布置有第二横向通道(53′)。
10.如权利要求9所述的假体,其特征在于,所述第二横向通道(53′)的位错与第一横向通道的位错不同。
11.如权利要求10所述的假体,其特征在于,所述第二横向通道(53′)的位错比第一横向通道的位错更大。
12.如权利要求1或9所述的假体,其特征在于,所述顶端(62)设计为呈楔形的排挤面。
13.如权利要求9所述的假体,其特征在于,所述夹紧元件(6,6′)的顶端是弹性的。
14.如权利要求1或13所述的假体,其特征在于,所述顶端(62)上设有由弹性材料构成的包覆物(64)。
15.如权利要求14所述的假体,其特征在于,所述弹性材料为高弹性聚乙烯材料。
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