CN102132772A - 聚β-羟基丁酸酯对卤虫幼体的强化方法 - Google Patents
聚β-羟基丁酸酯对卤虫幼体的强化方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种聚β-羟基丁酸酯对卤虫幼体的强化方法,其特征在于:聚β-羟基丁酸酯强化卤虫幼体时,聚β-羟基丁酸酯浓度为100mg/L,强化时间为24h,聚β-羟基丁酸酯的颗粒大小为10~50μm。本发明使用的β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)是具有广泛应用前景的可替代抗生素的生物控制剂,目前针对其在水产养殖中应用的研究在国内尚处于起步阶段,国内尚属首次。本发明给出了不同浓度PHB和不同强化培养时间对卤虫成活率和生长的影响,得出以100mg/L PHB浓度强化卤虫幼体24h效果最佳,本发明对PHB在水产育苗中的应用研究具有很好的指导意义。
Description
技术领域
本发明属于水产养殖领域,尤其是一种聚β-羟基丁酸酯对卤虫幼体的强化方法。
背景技术
抗生素在一定程度上可以预防和控制水产动物细菌病的流行,但不加选择地滥用抗生素不仅可使细菌产生多重抗药性,而且还会造成水产动物免疫机能下降、体内微生物菌群失调和药物残留等问题。短链脂肪酸具有抑菌、降低动物肠道pH和促进营养物质吸收利用等广泛的生理功能,是一种具有应用前景的生物活性物质和饲料添加剂。聚β-羟基丁酸酯(Poly-β-hydroxybutyrate,PHB)是短链脂肪酸β-羟基丁酸的聚合体,为一定粒度的脂溶性颗粒(直径0.2~0.5μm)。一些细菌在碳过量和氮缺乏等营养胁迫时,可大量积累PHB作为碳源和能量储备。PHB在动物肠道内可通过酶解和化学水解的方式,降解为β-羟基丁酸单体。PHB的疏水特性可减少挥发性SCFA对水质的破坏作用,适于在水产育苗和养殖中的应用。研究表明,在养殖水体中加入PHB颗粒或者积累PHB的细菌,可完全保护感染发光弧菌(Vibrio campbellii)的卤虫。最近发现饲料中添加PHB具有促进欧洲鲈鱼(Dicentrarchus labrax)生长的作用。目前还没有将PHB应用于水产经济动物育苗的报道。
发明内容
本发明提供了一种聚β-羟基丁酸酯对卤虫幼体的强化方法,发现以100mg/L PHB浓度强化卤虫幼体24h效果最佳,本发明对PHB在水产育苗中的应用研究具有很好的指导意义。
为实现上述发明目的,本发明采用以下技术方案:
一种聚β-羟基丁酸酯对卤虫幼体的强化方法,其特征在于:聚β-羟基丁酸酯强化卤虫幼体时,聚β-羟基丁酸酯浓度为100mg/L,强化时间为24h,聚β-羟基丁酸酯的颗粒大小为10~50μm。
而且,所述聚β-羟基丁酸酯采用超声波处理法将PHB颗粒分散成均匀,粒度为10~50μm的悬浮液。
本发明具有如下优点和积极效果是:
1、本发明使用的β-羟基丁酸酯(PHB)具有广泛应用前景的可替代抗生素的生物控制剂,目前针对其在水产养殖中应用的研究在国内尚处于起步阶段,国内尚属首次。本发明给出了不同浓度PHB和不同强化培养时间对卤虫成活率和生长的影响,得出以100mg/L PHB浓度强化卤虫幼体24h效果最佳,本发明对PHB在水产育苗中的应用研究具有很好的指导意义。
2、本发明的方法中采用超声波处理法将PHB颗粒分散成均匀的、平均粒度30μm(10~50μm)的悬浮液,PHB可以被有效包裹于卤虫消化道,较小的颗粒更有利于卤虫摄食,且更容易降解为水溶性β-羟基丁酸单体,从而被卤虫所利用。
附图说明:
图1为本发明PHB浓度标准曲线
图2-1-4为本发明PHB强化48h卤虫和饥饿48h卤虫的相差显微照片(图2-1和图2-2)和经过尼罗蓝A染色后的荧光显微照片(图2-3和图2-4);
图3为本发明试验1中不同浓度PHB强化培养卤虫的成活率;
图4为本发明试验1中不同浓度PHB强化培养72h的卤虫体长;
图5为本发明试验2中不同浓度PHB强化培养卤虫的成活率;
图6为本发明试验2中不同浓度PHB强化培养72h的卤虫体长;
图7为本发明经过不同时间强化培养的卤虫体内PHB含量(占卤虫干重)。
具体实施方式
下面结合实施例,对本发明进一步说明,下述实施例是说明性的,不是限定性的,不能以下述实施例来限定本发明的保护范围。
卤虫强化是利用其非选择性滤食的特点,将一定大小的颗粒状物质包裹于卤虫消化道内,水产幼苗通过捕食卤虫而间接地将被包裹物摄入体内,既达到输送营养物质的目的,又可避免这些物质直接加入水中所造成的浪费和水质污染。
一种聚β-羟基丁酸酯对卤虫幼体的强化方法,通过以下实验证明得到卤虫强化的最佳方法。
实验1中PHB浓度分别设定为0,50,100,200,400和800mg/L,探索PHB强化卤虫的最佳浓度范围;在此基础上,实验2中PHB浓度分别设定为50,100,150和200mg/L,试验PHB强化卤虫的最佳浓度。小球藻(5×106cell/mL)投喂作为对照组。每组设置3个平行样。
PHB悬浮母液的配制
称取一定量的PHB粉末于50mL塑料离心管中,加入45mL海水(盐度为30)。将离心管置于超声波处理器中处理5min,使其中的PHB分散均匀,颗粒直径为10~50μm。
卤虫幼体的孵化和PHB强化
试验用卤虫卵来源于我国新疆艾比湖。卤虫卵的孵化条件如下:海水(盐度为30),pH范围8~9,温度28℃,水表面光强为2000lux,连续充气。孵化24h后,分离并收集无节幼体。将100个初孵卤虫无节幼体转入装有200mL海水的锥形玻璃管中,向其中加入不同剂量PHB悬浮母液,使锥形管中PHB达到试验设计浓度,连续培养72h。强化培养条件同卤虫卵孵化条件。试验期间每天换水100%,pH维持在8.30~8.45,溶解氧DO>6mg/L。
卤虫成活率和体长的测定
每天换水的同时,分别记录24h,48h和72h各组卤虫的成活率。试验结束时(72h),每组取10~20只卤虫,在立体解剖镜(Nikon SMZ645)下测定卤虫体长,并计算平均值。数据处理采用CCD图像采集系统和Imganaly计算机图像处理软件(济南维纳仪器有限公司提供)。
强化卤虫体内PHB积累的荧光显微观察
尼罗蓝A是一种碱性嗪类颜料,溶于水和乙醇。经过尼罗蓝A染色的PHB颗粒在荧光显微镜下呈现亮橘黄色光斑,而细胞膜和其它脂类物质由于不能与染料有效结合,仅呈现较暗的红色。本实验参照细菌中PHB颗粒的荧光染色法,经PHB强化培养48h的卤虫经过1%尼罗蓝A染色1h,将卤虫取出固定,在543nm波长的荧光激发下,在显微镜下(Nikon Eclipse Ti)观察强化卤虫体内的PHB积累情况。
强化卤虫体内PHB含量的测定
卤虫体内PHB含量参照细菌中PHB的紫外光谱测定,方法参考陈玲,李礼尧,王武.聚β-羟丁酸酯紫外检测方法的改进[J].无锡轻工大学学报,1997,16(2):27-31,或KAYNAR P,BEYATLI Y.Determination of poly-β-hydroxybutyrate production by Bacillus spp.isolated from the intestines of various fishes[J].Fish Sci,2009,75(2):439-443。PHB在浓硫酸溶液中加热可以定量转化为巴豆酸,后者在235nm处有一吸收峰值。该测定方法排除了其它脂类的干扰,与细胞内的总脂含量无关。
绘制PHB标准曲线:精确称取0.0100g PHB溶于适量的氯仿中(Mettler,AL204),60℃水浴1h后,100℃蒸去氯仿,加入10mL浓硫酸配成PHB母液。分别精确移取10,20,30,40和50μL PHB母液于比色管中,加入10mL浓硫酸,使浓硫酸溶液中PHB含量分别为1,2,3,4和5μg/mL。将比色管置于100℃水浴10min,冷却后,用紫外分光光度计(Pgeneral T6)于235nm下测定吸光值,浓硫酸为空白对照。所得标准曲线如图1所示,回归方程为y=0.128x+0.019(R2=0.984)。
卤虫卵孵化24h后,收集卤虫无节幼体。将一定量的卤虫无节幼体迅速转入装有1000mL海水的锥形玻璃管中。卤虫无节幼体密度为300个/mL,以100mg/L PHB浓度进行强化,强化条件同前。分别于6h,12h,21h和24h时取出200mL强化培养液,终止强化。用100目筛绢收集卤虫,并用自来水反复冲洗,以去除卤虫体外附着的PHB颗粒,于-18℃冰箱中冷冻保存。未经PHB强化的卤虫(0h)作为对照。待全部样品收集完成后,将样品于60℃烘箱中干燥3h,得到卤虫干品。
精确称取0.0100g卤虫干品于比色管中,向比色管中加入5mL氯仿,60℃下水浴抽提1h,在100℃下蒸去氯仿。再向比色管中加入5mL氯仿,取30μL PHB氯仿溶液于干净比色管中,蒸干氯仿后,加入5mL浓硫酸,100℃水浴10min,冷却,于235nm下测定吸光值,浓硫酸为空白对照。根据标准曲线,计算出卤虫中PHB的含量:
式中:a为标准曲线中查到的PHB浓度(μg/mL)
数据统计分析
采用SPSS 17.0软件对实验数据进行单因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)。所有数据在进行显著性差异检验之前,用Levene’s法检验均匀性,如果均匀性不好,则将数据转化成对数或平方根后再进行分析。Tukey’s multiple range test用来检验显著性差异(P<0.05)。
结果
图2-1和图2-2表示,在可见光下,未经尼罗蓝A染色,饥饿48h的卤虫幼体肠道透明,而PHB强化48h的卤虫肠道饱满。由图2-3和2-4可以看出,543nm波长绿色荧光激发下,经尼罗蓝A染色,48h饥饿卤虫的肠道呈暗黑色,而PHB强化48h的卤虫肠道显示出亮橘黄色条带,说明卤虫能够对PHB进行有效的生物包裹。
本发明得出强化卤虫的最适PHB浓度和时间分别为100mg/L和24h,10~50μm颗粒的更有利于卤虫摄食,且更容易降解为水溶性β-羟基丁酸单体,从而被卤虫所利用。使其中的PHB分散均匀,颗粒直径为10~50μm。
Claims (2)
1.一种聚β-羟基丁酸酯对卤虫幼体的强化方法,其特征在于:聚β-羟基丁酸酯强化卤虫幼体时,聚β-羟基丁酸酯浓度为100mg/L,强化时间为24h,聚β-羟基丁酸酯的颗粒大小为10~50μm。
2.根据权利要求1所述的聚β-羟基丁酸酯对卤虫幼体的强化方法,其特征在于:所述聚β-羟基丁酸酯采用超声波处理法将PHB颗粒分散成均匀,粒度为10~50μm的悬浮液。
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Cited By (5)
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CN103431161A (zh) * | 2013-08-01 | 2013-12-11 | 宁波天安生物材料有限公司 | 罗氏真氧产碱杆菌的发酵产物在动物饲料领域的应用 |
CN103431193A (zh) * | 2013-08-01 | 2013-12-11 | 宁波天安生物材料有限公司 | 一种新型含聚羟基烷酸酯pha细胞的饲料 |
CN107455342A (zh) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-12 | 沧州市农林科学院 | 三唑酮在提高资源昆虫成活率和/或体重中的应用 |
CN109401984A (zh) * | 2018-11-24 | 2019-03-01 | 天津科技大学 | 一株PHBd-1菌株及其应用 |
CN114947046A (zh) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-30 | 华南理工大学 | 聚3-羟基丁酸酯作为面粉或面制品添加剂的应用 |
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CN1972698A (zh) * | 2003-09-01 | 2007-05-30 | 有限会社爱泽世 | β-羟基短-中链脂肪酸聚合物 |
JP2008231070A (ja) * | 2007-03-23 | 2008-10-02 | Nagase & Co Ltd | 魚類用免疫能増強剤ならびにそれを用いた餌料組成物および養殖魚の生産方法 |
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CN103431161A (zh) * | 2013-08-01 | 2013-12-11 | 宁波天安生物材料有限公司 | 罗氏真氧产碱杆菌的发酵产物在动物饲料领域的应用 |
CN103431193A (zh) * | 2013-08-01 | 2013-12-11 | 宁波天安生物材料有限公司 | 一种新型含聚羟基烷酸酯pha细胞的饲料 |
CN107455342A (zh) * | 2017-08-22 | 2017-12-12 | 沧州市农林科学院 | 三唑酮在提高资源昆虫成活率和/或体重中的应用 |
CN109401984A (zh) * | 2018-11-24 | 2019-03-01 | 天津科技大学 | 一株PHBd-1菌株及其应用 |
CN109401984B (zh) * | 2018-11-24 | 2021-02-05 | 天津科技大学 | 一株PHBd-1菌株及其应用 |
CN114947046A (zh) * | 2022-05-12 | 2022-08-30 | 华南理工大学 | 聚3-羟基丁酸酯作为面粉或面制品添加剂的应用 |
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