Summary of the invention
Problem to be solved by this invention provides a kind of rice bran comprehensive utilization method, can prepare Rice pollard oil, rice-bran crude fiber, rice bran protein, 4 kinds of products of rice bran peptide.
In order to solve the problems of the technologies described above, rice bran method of comprehensive utilization provided by the invention is: be raw material with the rice bran, extract the grease in the rice bran earlier, use " alkali extraction and acid precipitation " method to separate rice-bran crude fiber and rice bran protein again, then rice bran protein is added proteolytic enzyme protolysate matter, pass through the ultrafiltration classification again, cross anion-cation exchange resin except that freshen, concentrated at last, drying obtains the rice bran biologically active peptides.
A kind of method that fully utilizes rice bran of the present invention can be following steps:
(1) rice bran is pulverized, crossed 60~80 mesh sieves, adopt the Soxhlet extraction process,, then hexane solution is filtered, rice bran airing to normal hexane is volatilized fully, be defatted rice bran with 95% normal hexane solvent lixiviate 2h under 50 ℃ of conditions; Filtrate is evaporated normal hexane fully with rotatory evaporator, and remaining is Rice pollard oil;
(2) step (1) defatted rice bran and water are dissolved in the water by 1: 5~1: 10 (mass ratio), be heated to 45~55 ℃, regulate pH to 8.0~10.0 with NaOH reagent, do not stop to stir 15min, under the rotating speed of 3000~4000r/min, centrifugal 15min gets supernatant liquor, to precipitate oven dry, be the rice-bran crude fiber;
(3) supernatant liquor with step (2) is heated to 70~90 ℃, regulates pH to 3.0~5.0 with citric acid reagent, does not stop to stir 10min, 3000~4000r/min, and 15min, centrifugal collecting precipitation is rice bran protein, oven dry can get the rice bran protein powder;
(4) rice bran protein and the water with step (3) is dissolved in the water by 1: 5~1: 10 (mass ratio), be heated to 90~100 ℃, keep 15~30min, be cooled to 35~50 ℃ then, regulate and keep pH with NaOH reagent, press E/S than 3%~7% adding neutral protease As1.398, enzymolysis 2~4h 6.0~8.0, constantly stir in the enzymolysis process, and keep the pH value 6.0~8.0 with NaOH solution;
(5) after step to be treated (4) enzymolysis finishes, regulate pH to 5.0~3.0 with HCl solution rapidly, under the rotating speed of 3000~4000r/min, centrifugal 15min gets supernatant liquor, and gained is the rough liquid of rice bran peptide;
(6) the rough liquid of the rice bran peptide of step (5) gained is injected storage tank, solution is the 1000Da ultra-filtration membrane by the molecular weight interception behind micro-filtration, small-molecule substance in the solution infiltrates through the inwall of hollow-fibre membrane becomes ultrafiltrated, collects ultrafiltrated, is rice bran peptide ultrafiltrated; Macromolecular substance such as the albumen in the solution are kept and are concentrated, and concentrated solution is recycled in the step 4 enzymolysis once more;
(7) exchange resin immersion treatment in deionized water was adorned post after 24 hours, with 7.5% hydrochloric acid and 10%NaOH it was soaked respectively then, was converted into H
+Type Zeo-karb and OH
-Type anionite-exchange resin is 7.0 stand-by with washed with de-ionized water to pH again;
With the ultrafiltrated of gained in the step (6), pass through H with the flow velocity of 5~10 times of column volume/h
+The type Zeo-karb removes positively charged ion, stops application of sample when treating the effluent liquid pH=4.0 left and right sides, afterwards this effluent liquid is passed through OH with same flow velocity
-Type anionite-exchange resin removes negatively charged ion, is pH to effluent liquid and stops application of sample at 7.0 o'clock, is collected as rice bran peptide refined liquid;
(8) by the rice bran peptide refined liquid that obtains in the step 6, be evaporated to solid content 20%~30%;
(9) after purified rice bran peptide liquid concentrated, dry powder was made in spray-dried or lyophilize.
The purpose of above-mentioned steps (1) is: fat content is about 16% in the rice bran, utilizes grease to be dissolved in the characteristic of normal hexane, the oil extraction in the rice bran is gone out, and rotary evaporation evaporates normal hexane fully, obtains Rice pollard oil.
The purpose of above-mentioned steps (2) is: utilize protein dissolved characteristic under alkaline condition, rice bran protein and alkali insoluble substance are separated, to improve the content of rice bran protein; The insoluble composition of alkali is the rice-bran crude fiber.
The heavy purpose of above-mentioned steps (3) acid is: utilize protein sedimentary characteristic under acid iso-electric point condition, rice bran protein and acid soluble material are separated, to improve the content of rice bran protein.
The purpose of above-mentioned steps (2), (3) is in order to separate rice-bran crude fiber and rice bran protein in the defatted rice bran.Simultaneously, purifying is used for the rice bran protein of hydrolysis, and proteic content is about 20% in the general defatted rice bran, and after handling through aforesaid method, protein content can reach more than 80%.
The purpose of above-mentioned steps (4) enzymolysis is: with the macro-molecular protein enzymolysis in the rice bran is small protein and peptide;
The purpose of above-mentioned steps (5) acid adjustment is in order to make enzyme deactivation, to stop enzyme digestion reaction; The centrifugal purpose is for solid-liquid separation, collects enzymolysis solution.
The purpose of ultrafiltration is the product that needs molecular weight in order to intercept in the above-mentioned steps (6); The purpose of secondary enzymolysis is for the high molecular weight protein more than the molecular weight 1000Da being hydrolyzed into small molecules, improving and utilize prepared using.
The purpose of desalination is in order to remove in the enzymolysis solution because of constantly regulating the salt ion that pH brings in the enzymolysis process in the above-mentioned steps (7).The product salt content that does not pass through desalting treatment is greater than 8%, and the research and development of products content of process desalting treatment is less than 2%;
The present invention compared with prior art has following advantage and effect:
(1) present method provides a kind of method that fully utilizes rice bran, can prepare Rice pollard oil, rice-bran crude fiber, rice bran protein, 4 kinds of products of rice bran peptide simultaneously;
(2) with the lubricant component in the extraction extraction rice bran, every 100g rice bran is prepared into the about 10g of Rice pollard oil.
(3) utilize the alkali extraction and acid precipitation method to separate rice-bran crude fiber and rice bran protein, crude protein content about 70% in the rice bran protein of extraction, and dietary fiber content about 40% in the rice-bran crude fiber;
(4) adopt ultrafiltration process that the rice bran peptide is carried out stage treatment, guarantee 100% rice bran peptide molecular weight below 1000Da, and carry out secondary enzymolysis for the rice bran peptide more than the molecular weight 1000Da, the molecular weight distribution that makes the finished product is all below 1000Da;
(5) utilize the negative and positive exchange resin that rice bran peptide crude product is carried out desalination, the product salt content that does not pass through desalting treatment is greater than 8%, and the product salt content of process present method desalting treatment is less than 2%;
Embodiment
E/S described in the present invention is than the mass ratio of consumption that is meant enzyme and rice bran protein; The enzymic activity of neutral protease As1.398 described in the present invention is 130000U/g; Ratio among the present invention all refers to mass ratio if no special instructions.
Embodiment 1
A kind of method that fully utilizes rice bran, this method comprises the steps:
(1) takes by weighing rice bran 100g, pulverized 60 mesh sieves, adopt the Soxhlet extraction process,, then hexane solution is filtered, rice bran airing to normal hexane is volatilized fully, be defatted rice bran with 95% normal hexane solvent lixiviate 2h under 50 ℃ of conditions; Filtrate is evaporated normal hexane fully with rotatory evaporator, and remaining is Rice pollard oil, is weighed as 11.3g;
(2) step (1) defatted rice bran is poured in the 600mL water, be heated to 45 ℃, regulate pH to 9.0 with NaOH reagent, do not stop to stir 15min, under the rotating speed of 3000r/min, centrifugal 15min gets supernatant liquor; To precipitate oven dry,, be weighed as 53.2g for the rice-bran crude fiber;
(3) supernatant liquor with step (2) is heated to 80 ℃, regulates pH to 3.5 with citric acid reagent, does not stop to stir 10min, 3000r/min, and 15min, centrifugal collecting precipitation is rice bran protein, oven dry can get the rice bran protein powder, is weighed as 26.5g;
(4) precipitation with step (3) adds in the 200mL water, be heated to 90 ℃, keep 20min, be cooled to 45 ℃ then, regulate and keep pH with NaOH reagent, add neutral protease As1.398 (enzymic activity is 130000U/g) 1.5g, enzymolysis 2h 7.0, constantly stir in the enzymolysis process, and keep the pH value 7.0 with NaOH solution;
(5) after step to be treated (4) enzymolysis finishes, regulate pH to 4.0 with HCl solution rapidly, under the rotating speed of 3000r/min, centrifugal 15min gets supernatant liquor, and gained is the rough liquid of rice bran peptide;
(6) the rough liquid of the rice bran peptide of step (5) gained is injected storage tank, solution is the 1000Da ultra-filtration membrane by the molecular weight interception behind micro-filtration, small-molecule substance in the solution infiltrates through the inwall of hollow-fibre membrane becomes ultrafiltrated, collects ultrafiltrated, is rice bran peptide ultrafiltrated; Macromolecular substance such as the albumen in the solution are kept and are concentrated, and concentrated solution is recycled in the step 4 enzymolysis once more;
(7) exchange resin immersion treatment in deionized water was adorned post after 24 hours, with 7.5% hydrochloric acid and 10%NaOH it was soaked respectively then, was converted into H
+Type Zeo-karb and OH
-Type anionite-exchange resin is 7.0 stand-by with washed with de-ionized water to pH again;
With the ultrafiltrated of gained in the step (6), pass through H with the flow velocity of 10 times of column volume/h
+The type Zeo-karb removes positively charged ion, stops application of sample when treating the effluent liquid pH=4.0 left and right sides, afterwards this effluent liquid is passed through OH with same flow velocity
-Type anionite-exchange resin removes negatively charged ion, is pH to effluent liquid and stops application of sample at 7.0 o'clock, is collected as rice bran peptide refined liquid;
(8) by the rice bran peptide refined liquid that obtains in the step 6, be evaporated to solid content 30%;
(9) after purified rice bran peptide liquid concentrated, dry powder was made in spray-dried or lyophilize, is weighed as 15.3g.
The rice bran peptide that aforesaid method obtains, rice bran peptide total nitrogen content (in butt) 85.2% after testing, peptide content (in butt) 〉=80.4%, the relative molecular mass of gained is all below 1000Da, moisture content 5.7%, ash oontent (in butt)≤1.6%, crude fat content (in butt)≤0.8%.
Embodiment 2
A kind of method that fully utilizes rice bran, this method comprises the steps:
(1) takes by weighing rice bran 500g, pulverized 60 mesh sieves, adopt the Soxhlet extraction process,, then hexane solution is filtered, rice bran airing to normal hexane is volatilized fully, be defatted rice bran with 95% normal hexane solvent lixiviate 2h under 50 ℃ of conditions; Filtrate is evaporated normal hexane fully with rotatory evaporator, and remaining is Rice pollard oil, is weighed as 58.9g;
(2) step (1) defatted rice bran is poured in the 2.5L water, be heated to 50 ℃, regulate pH to 8.5 with NaOH reagent, do not stop to stir 15min, under the rotating speed of 3000r/min, centrifugal 15min gets supernatant liquor; To precipitate oven dry,, be weighed as 247.3g for the rice-bran crude fiber;
(3) supernatant liquor with step (2) is heated to 90 ℃, regulates pH to 3.0 with citric acid reagent, does not stop to stir 10min, 3000r/min, and 15min, centrifugal collecting precipitation is rice bran protein, oven dry can get the rice bran protein powder, is weighed as 105.6g;
(4) precipitation with step (3) adds in the 1L water, be heated to 90 ℃, keep 20min, be cooled to 40 ℃ then, regulate and keep pH with NaOH reagent, add neutral protease As1.398 (enzymic activity is 130000U/g) 5g, enzymolysis 3h 7.5, constantly stir in the enzymolysis process, and keep the pH value 7.5 with NaOH solution;
(5) after step to be treated (4) enzymolysis finishes, regulate pH to 4.0 with HCl solution rapidly, under the rotating speed of 3000r/min, centrifugal 15min gets supernatant liquor, and gained is the rough liquid of rice bran peptide;
(6) the rough liquid of the rice bran peptide of step (5) gained is injected storage tank, solution is the 1000Da ultra-filtration membrane by the molecular weight interception behind micro-filtration, small-molecule substance in the solution infiltrates through the inwall of hollow-fibre membrane becomes ultrafiltrated, collects ultrafiltrated, is rice bran peptide ultrafiltrated; Macromolecular substance such as the albumen in the solution are kept and are concentrated, and concentrated solution is recycled in the step 4 enzymolysis once more;
(7) exchange resin immersion treatment in deionized water was adorned post after 24 hours, with 7.5% hydrochloric acid and 10%NaOH it was soaked respectively then, was converted into H
+Type Zeo-karb and OH
-Type anionite-exchange resin is 7.0 stand-by with washed with de-ionized water to pH again;
With the ultrafiltrated of gained in the step (6), pass through H with the flow velocity of 10 times of column volume/h
+The type Zeo-karb removes positively charged ion, stops application of sample when treating the effluent liquid pH=4.0 left and right sides, afterwards this effluent liquid is passed through OH with same flow velocity
-Type anionite-exchange resin removes negatively charged ion, is pH to effluent liquid and stops application of sample at 7.0 o'clock, is collected as rice bran peptide refined liquid;
(8) by the rice bran peptide refined liquid that obtains in the step 6, be evaporated to solid content 30%;
(9) after purified rice bran peptide liquid concentrated, dry powder was made in spray-dried or lyophilize, is weighed as 67.6g.
The rice bran peptide that aforesaid method obtains, rice bran peptide total nitrogen content (in butt) 84.1% after testing, peptide content (in butt) 〉=79.5%, the relative molecular mass of gained is all below 1000Da, moisture content 8.1%, ash oontent (in butt)≤1.9%, crude fat content (in butt)≤0.9%.
Embodiment 3
A kind of method that fully utilizes rice bran, this method comprises the steps:
(1) takes by weighing rice bran 1000g, pulverized 80 mesh sieves, adopt the Soxhlet extraction process,, then hexane solution is filtered, rice bran airing to normal hexane is volatilized fully, be defatted rice bran with 95% normal hexane solvent lixiviate 2h under 50 ℃ of conditions; Filtrate is evaporated normal hexane fully with rotatory evaporator, and remaining is Rice pollard oil, is weighed as 110.2g;
(2) step (1) defatted rice bran is poured in the 7L water, be heated to 45 ℃, regulate pH to 9.0 with NaOH reagent, do not stop to stir 15min, under the rotating speed of 3000r/min, centrifugal 15min gets supernatant liquor; To precipitate oven dry,, be weighed as 537.6g for the rice-bran crude fiber;
(3) supernatant liquor with step (2) is heated to 90 ℃, regulates pH to 3.0 with citric acid reagent, does not stop to stir 10min, 3000r/min, and 15min, centrifugal collecting precipitation is rice bran protein, oven dry can get the rice bran protein powder, is weighed as 206.8g;
(4) precipitation with step (3) adds in the 1500mL water, be heated to 90 ℃, keep 20min, be cooled to 45 ℃ then, regulate and keep pH with NaOH reagent, add neutral protease As1.398 (enzymic activity is 130000U/g) 10g, enzymolysis 4h 7.0, constantly stir in the enzymolysis process, and keep the pH value 7.5 with NaOH solution;
(5) after step to be treated (4) enzymolysis finishes, regulate pH to 4.0 with HCl solution rapidly, under the rotating speed of 3000r/min, centrifugal 15min gets supernatant liquor, and gained is the rough liquid of rice bran peptide;
(6) the rough liquid of the rice bran peptide of step (5) gained is injected storage tank, solution is the 1000Da ultra-filtration membrane by the molecular weight interception behind micro-filtration, small-molecule substance in the solution infiltrates through the inwall of hollow-fibre membrane becomes ultrafiltrated, collects ultrafiltrated, is rice bran peptide ultrafiltrated; Macromolecular substance such as the albumen in the solution are kept and are concentrated, and concentrated solution is recycled in the step 4 enzymolysis once more;
(7) exchange resin immersion treatment in deionized water was adorned post after 24 hours, with 7.5% hydrochloric acid and 10%NaOH it was soaked respectively then, was converted into H
+Type Zeo-karb and OH
-Type anionite-exchange resin is 7.0 stand-by with washed with de-ionized water to pH again;
With the ultrafiltrated of gained in the step (6), pass through H with the flow velocity of 10 times of column volume/h
+The type Zeo-karb removes positively charged ion, stops application of sample when treating the effluent liquid pH=4.0 left and right sides, afterwards this effluent liquid is passed through OH with same flow velocity
-Type anionite-exchange resin removes negatively charged ion, is pH to effluent liquid and stops application of sample at 7.0 o'clock, is collected as rice bran peptide refined liquid;
(8) by the rice bran peptide refined liquid that obtains in the step 6, be evaporated to solid content 30%;
(9) after purified rice bran peptide liquid concentrated, dry powder was made in spray-dried or lyophilize, is weighed as 158.9g.
The rice bran peptide that aforesaid method obtains, rice bran peptide total nitrogen content (in butt) 81.8% after testing, peptide content (in butt) 〉=76.2%, the relative molecular mass of gained is all below 1000Da, moisture content 8.5%, ash oontent (in butt)≤1.9%, crude fat content (in butt)≤1.0%.