CN102110890A - High-gain horn antenna based on inhomogeneous medium - Google Patents
High-gain horn antenna based on inhomogeneous medium Download PDFInfo
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- CN102110890A CN102110890A CN2011100362352A CN201110036235A CN102110890A CN 102110890 A CN102110890 A CN 102110890A CN 2011100362352 A CN2011100362352 A CN 2011100362352A CN 201110036235 A CN201110036235 A CN 201110036235A CN 102110890 A CN102110890 A CN 102110890A
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Abstract
The invention discloses a high-gain horn antenna based on an inhomogeneous medium, which is made by the following steps of: (1) determining a central frequency f for the operation of the antenna; (2) designing the ordinary horn antenna operated in the central frequency according to a general designing method for the horn antenna, wherein the aperture of an H side of the antenna is a, the aperture of an E side is b, and the length of a horn is h; (3) determining a refractive index profile n (x, y) of the inhomogeneous medium placed on a mouth surface of the horn; and (4) building the inhomogeneous medium with refractive indexes distributed according to the n (x, y) by using a reverse H-shaped sub-wavelength artificial structural material, and evaluating the structural size of a reverse H-shaped sub-wavelength artificial structural material unit corresponding to each refractive index in a mode of emulation by finite element software.
Description
Technical field
The present invention is designed into a kind of horn antenna, particularly a kind of high-gain horn antenna based on non-uniform dielectric.
Background technology
Horn antenna is a kind of directional antenna, and it can regard open waveguide as.The function of loudspeaker is to produce uniform phase front on the bore bigger than waveguide, thereby obtains higher directionality.Because its design, easy to manufacture and cost is all lower, horn antenna has purposes widely in real life.
What limit the horn antenna directivity mainly is the inconsistency of phase place on the loudspeaker actinal surface.When electromagnetic wave when waveguide enters loudspeaker throat and arrives the loudspeaker actinal surface, electromagnetic corrugated becomes sphere by the plane, no longer equates in the power on phase place of magnetic wave of loudspeaker actinal surface.In order to reduce the inconsistency of phase place on the actinal surface, often the means that adopt are to change the subtended angle of loudspeaker or the length of loudspeaker, but adopt above-mentioned means can only reduce phase difference, can not fundamentally eliminate the inconsistent harmful effect of phase place.
Summary of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention is: overcome the upper mutually inconsistent shortcoming of existing common horn antenna loudspeaker actinal surface, a kind of high-gain horn antenna based on non-uniform dielectric is provided, adopt non-uniform dielectric to eliminate phasic difference, the gain that has improved horn antenna.
Technical solution of the present invention: based on the high-gain horn antenna of non-uniform dielectric, making step is as follows:
(1) determine the centre frequency f of antenna work, design a horn antenna that is operated in this frequency range according to the centre frequency of antenna work according to the method for designing of common horn antenna, the H face bore of described horn antenna is a, and E face bore is b, and horn length is h;
(2) on the loudspeaker actinal surface of horn antenna, increase one deck non-uniform dielectric, according to the thickness d of non-uniform dielectric and non-uniform dielectric refractive index n at origin of coordinates place
0, obtain the non-uniform dielectric that places the loudspeaker actinal surface refraction index profile n (x, y),
X wherein, it is being the origin of coordinates with antenna actinal surface center that y represents the non-uniform dielectric each point, is coordinate in the coordinate system set up of x axle forward with the horn antenna radiation direction;
(3) change into a plurality of cubic units that the length of side is l with non-uniform dielectric is discrete, by the formula in the step (2) obtain each cubic units refractive index n (m, n), wherein (m n) is the numbering of unit;
(4) FEM (finite element) model of foundation " worker " font sub-wavelength artificial structure material adopts Finite Element to calculate the equivalent refractive index of material, changes the structural parameters a of material
0, a
0Be the length of side of " worker " shape metal structure in " worker " font structure, simulation calculation goes out different length of side a
0The equivalent refractive index n of structure correspondence;
(5) by a that obtains in the step (4)
0Obtain the physical dimension of each junior unit in the step (3) with the relation of n,, again all unit combination can be obtained the non-uniform dielectric that needs with each unit of this dimensioned.
N in the described step (2)
0Value should determine that minimum and the largest refractive index of establishing " worker " font artificial structure material are n according to the minimum and the largest refractive index of the described artificial structure's material in back
Min, n
Max, n then
0Satisfy:
The length of side l of the cubic units in the described step (3) is smaller or equal to 1/10th of antenna operation wavelength.
All regard each cubic units after the non-uniform dielectric discretization as uniform dielectric in the described step (3), because the size of each unit is less than 1/10th wavelength, index step changes and can ignore between unit and the unit, brings the center point coordinate of each unit into formula
In can calculate the refractive index of this unit.
" worker " font sub-wavelength artificial structure material in the described step (4) is that the cubic units of l is formed by the length of side, and each unit is made up of three parts: thickness is h
0FR-4 substrate, the thickness that in substrate, etches be " worker " font metal copper film of 0.017mm and the medium that wraps up them, wherein the vertical edge width in the middle of " worker " font is w
1, the horizontal edge width on both sides is w up and down
2, the dielectric constant of medium is ε
0
Described medium be air or silicon, the dielectric constant of the medium of selecting for use is big more, the equivalent refractive index that obtains is also big more.
The equivalent refractive index that utilizes Finite Element to calculate material in the described step (4) is specifically implemented as follows: adopt the commercial finite element software of CST or HFSS, set up the model of element of " worker " font artificial structure material, threedimensional model is made up of three parts: thickness is h
0FR-4 substrate, the thickness that in substrate, etches be " worker " font metal copper film of 0.017mm and the medium that wraps up them, wherein to be the vertical edge width in the middle of the l I shape be w to unit length and width height
1, the horizontal edge width on both sides is w up and down
2, the dielectric constant of medium is ε
0The front of model is " worker " font copper film, and the model side is set to periodic boundary condition, and front and back is provided with two ripple ports respectively.The frequency range of emulation should comprise the operating frequency of antenna, obtains the scattering parameter of model by simulation calculation, calculates the equivalent refractive index of material again according to the scattering parameter method of inversion.
Each unit of processing adopts the processing method of pcb board in the described step (5), being positioned at can a shared big FR-4 sheet material with the substrate of all unit of one deck, just etch the I shape metal structure of corresponding size, fill the medium of selecting for use between each layer FR-4 sheet material at the diverse location place of sheet material.
The present invention's advantage compared with prior art is:
(1) the present invention adds the last layer non-uniform dielectric on the loudspeaker actinal surface, has fundamentally eliminated the position phase inconsistency on the actinal surface, and the gain that has improved horn antenna can be used for designing the horn antenna of high-gain.
(2) high-gain horn antenna of the present invention is compared with the common horn antenna with identical gain, and the length and the bore of loudspeaker are littler, are convenient to miniaturization of devices.
(3) " worker " font artificial structure material of the present invention's employing can obtain various refractive indexes easily by the adjustment structure parameter, and the non-constant width of the frequency band of this kind structural material, loss is also little, can directly etch " worker " font metal structure on FR-4 sheet material, and is easy to process.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is an antenna structure view of the present invention.Left side figure is a H face view, and right figure is an E face view.Curve in the loudspeaker is represented the corrugated, and spherical wave has become plane wave after by non-uniform dielectric as can be seen from left figure;
Fig. 2 is the non-uniform dielectric discretization schematic diagram among the present invention.Right figure has shown that discrete back gives the mode of each element number, and non-uniform dielectric has been separated into 45X35 junior unit, and each unit all is one and longly is the cube of l, is made up of " worker " font sub-wavelength artificial structure material;
Fig. 3 is " worker " font sub-wavelength artificial structure material cell model schematic diagram among the present invention.Yl moiety is a copper film among the figure, and purple partly is a medium substrate, and translucent blue portion is the medium of lapping;
Fig. 4 is the structural representation of each layer material among the present invention.Left side figure is the overall distribution situation of each layer unit, and right figure is the schematic diagram of each unit.
Embodiment
As shown in Figure 1, the high-gain horn antenna specific implementation process based on non-uniform dielectric of the present invention is as follows:
(1) the work centre frequency of choosing antenna is 15GHz, determines the H face bore a=90mm of horn antenna according to the method for designing of conventional horn antenna, and E face bore is b=69mm, horn length h=115mm.
(2) get the thickness d=8mm of medium, the refractive index of medium at origin of coordinates place is 2.2, and this moment, the refractive index at origin of coordinates place satisfied
Then the refraction index profile of non-uniform dielectric is
Calculate as can be known only skewness in the H face of medium by formula, and in the refractive index maximum of initial point, be 2.2, the refractive index minimum at the edge is 1.14.
(3), non-uniform dielectric can be dispersed and change into the cubic units that the length of side is l=2mm, as shown in Figure 2 because the operation wavelength of antenna is 20mm.Each unit is all regarded uniform medium as, and its refractive index is the corresponding refractive index of unit center point.Because the distribution of refractive index is only relevant with the y coordinate figure of unit center point,, only need to consider one deck structure so be the same in the four-layer structure of x direction.On each layer 45 * 35 unit are arranged all, be numbered according to as shown in Figure 2 method, then the refractive index of each unit is:
In the formula, (m n) is the numbering of unit.
(4) FEM (finite element) model of foundation " worker " font sub-wavelength artificial structure material as shown in Figure 3 in order to reduce cost, is selected circuit board medium FR-4 commonly used substrate as material for use, searches the specification of this medium and determines that substrate is h in the model
0The FR-4 of=0.2026mm, its dielectric constant are 3.85+i0.02.Given " worker " font copper film vertical edge width is w
1=0.3mm, horizontal edge width are w
2=0.2mm is to guarantee a
0The variations in refractive index of artificial structure's material comprises the zone of 1.14-2.2 during variation.In the CST simulation software, utilize periodic boundary condition to obtain the scattering parameter of material, obtain the equivalent refractive index of sub-wavelength artificial structure material again by the scattering parameter method of inversion, promptly every given parameter a
0, all can obtain equivalent refractive index one to one by the FEM (finite element) calculation method of emulation.Change the structural parameters a of material
0(a
0The length of side for " worker " shape metal structure in the I-shaped structure), simulation calculation goes out different length of side a
0The equivalent refractive index n of structure correspondence, such as a
0During=1mm, refractive index is about 1.34, a
0During=1.5mm, refractive index is 1.73, can obtain equivalent refractive index by that analogy about structural parameters a
0Variation relation.
(5) refractive index in the basis (4) is about a
0Curved line relation obtain in the heterogeneous material and be numbered (m, the structural parameters a of unit n)
0(m n), makes that the refractive index of this unit is that (m, n), all structural parameters of antenna all can obtain n.When manufacturing materials, the substrate with all unit of one deck can be connected together and form a big FR-4 plate.Make-up room only need etch " worker " font structure (as shown in Figure 4) accordingly in the position of each unit correspondence, the sheet material of four layers of same having " worker " font structure is combined to be placed on that the side gets final product in face of the horn mouth at last.Spacing during combination between the adjacent panels is l, and the distance of first block of plate and loudspeaker actinal surface is 1/2.
The non-elaborated part of the present invention belongs to techniques well known.
Claims (7)
1. high-gain horn antenna based on non-uniform dielectric is characterized in that the making step of described antenna is as follows:
(1) determine the centre frequency f of antenna work, design a horn antenna that is operated in this frequency range according to the centre frequency of antenna work according to the method for designing of common horn antenna, the H face bore of described horn antenna is a, and E face bore is b, and horn length is h;
(2) on the loudspeaker actinal surface of horn antenna, increase one deck non-uniform dielectric, according to the thickness d of non-uniform dielectric and non-uniform dielectric refractive index n at origin of coordinates place
0, obtain the non-uniform dielectric that places the loudspeaker actinal surface refraction index profile n (x, y),
X wherein, it is being the origin of coordinates with antenna actinal surface center that y represents the non-uniform dielectric each point, is coordinate in the coordinate system set up of x axle forward with the horn antenna radiation direction;
(3) change into a plurality of cubic units that the length of side is l with non-uniform dielectric is discrete, by the formula in the step (2) obtain each cubic units refractive index n (m, n), wherein (m n) is the numbering of unit;
(4) FEM (finite element) model of foundation " worker " font sub-wavelength artificial structure material adopts Finite Element to calculate the equivalent refractive index of material, changes the structural parameters a of material
0, a
0Be the length of side of " worker " shape metal structure in the I-shaped structure, simulation calculation goes out different length of side a
0The equivalent refractive index n of structure correspondence;
(5) by a that obtains in the step (4)
0Obtain the physical dimension of each junior unit in the step (3) with the relation of n,, again all unit combination can be obtained the non-uniform dielectric that needs with each unit of this dimensioned.
2. a kind of high-gain horn antenna based on non-uniform dielectric according to claim 1 is characterized in that: the n in the described step (2)
0Value determine that according to the minimum and the largest refractive index of the described artificial structure's material in back the minimum refractive index of establishing " worker " font artificial structure material is n
Min, largest refractive index is n
Max, n then
0Satisfy:
3. a kind of high-gain horn antenna based on non-uniform dielectric according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: the length of side l of the cubic units in the described step (3) is smaller or equal to 1/10th of antenna operation wavelength.
4. a kind of high-gain horn antenna according to claim 1 based on non-uniform dielectric, it is characterized in that: " worker " font sub-wavelength artificial structure material in the described step (4) is that the cubic units of l is formed by the length of side, and each unit is made up of three parts: thickness is h
0FR-4 substrate, the thickness that in substrate, etches be " worker " font metal copper film of 0.017mm and the medium that wraps up them, wherein the vertical edge width in the middle of " worker " font is w
1, the horizontal edge width on both sides is w up and down
2, the dielectric constant of medium is ε
0
5. a kind of high-gain horn antenna based on non-uniform dielectric according to claim 1 is characterized in that: described medium for air or silicon, the dielectric constant of the medium of selecting for use is big more, the equivalent refractive index that obtains is also big more.
6. a kind of high-gain horn antenna according to claim 1 based on non-uniform dielectric, it is characterized in that: the equivalent refractive index that utilizes Finite Element to calculate material in the described step (4) is specifically implemented as follows: adopt the commercial Electromagnetic Simulation software of CST or HFSS, set up the model of element of " worker " font artificial structure material, the structure of models size is described in 4, the front of model is " worker " font copper film, the model side is set to periodic boundary condition, front and back is provided with two ripple ports respectively, the frequency range of emulation should comprise the operating frequency of antenna, obtain the scattering parameter of model by simulation calculation, calculate the equivalent refractive index of material again according to the scattering parameter method of inversion.
7. a kind of high-gain horn antenna according to claim 1 based on non-uniform dielectric, it is characterized in that: each unit of processing adopts the processing method of pcb board in the described step (5), being positioned at can a shared big FR-4 sheet material with the substrate of all unit of one deck, just etch the I shape metal structure of corresponding size, fill the medium of selecting for use between each layer FR-4 sheet material at the diverse location place of sheet material.
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| CN 201110036235 CN102110890B (en) | 2011-02-11 | 2011-02-11 | High-gain horn antenna based on inhomogeneous medium |
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| CN102769189A (en) * | 2012-06-29 | 2012-11-07 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Horn and lens combined antenna |
| CN104428949B (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2017-05-24 | 利萨·德雷克塞迈尔有限责任公司 | Antenna system for broadband satellite communication in ghz frequency range, comprising dielectrically filled horn antennas |
| CN104428949A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2015-03-18 | 利萨·德雷克塞迈尔有限责任公司 | Antenna system for broadband satellite communication in ghz frequency range, comprising dielectrically filled horn antennas |
| CN102760961A (en) * | 2012-07-03 | 2012-10-31 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Broadband low-dispersion metamaterial |
| CN103682675A (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2014-03-26 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | Horn antenna |
| CN103682675B (en) * | 2012-08-31 | 2018-04-17 | 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 | A kind of electromagnetic horn |
| CN103414026B (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2015-07-22 | 南京理工大学 | Millimeter wave cone beam antenna based on circular waveguide TM0n model |
| CN103414026A (en) * | 2013-07-31 | 2013-11-27 | 南京理工大学 | Millimeter wave cone beam antenna based on circular waveguide TM0n model |
| CN103457034B (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2016-01-20 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | A kind of double-frequency double-circularly-poantenna antenna based on arc chirality manual structure material |
| CN103457034A (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2013-12-18 | 中国科学院光电技术研究所 | Double-frequency double-circularly-polarized antenna based on arc chirality manual structure material |
| CN110336137A (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2019-10-15 | 东南大学 | A kind of impedance matching high-gain lens antenna and its design method |
| CN110336137B (en) * | 2019-07-25 | 2021-07-27 | 东南大学 | Impedance matching high-gain lens antenna and design method thereof |
| CN110661103A (en) * | 2019-10-15 | 2020-01-07 | 中国人民解放军63686部队 | X-frequency-band low-grating-lobe circularly polarized antenna |
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