CN102105716B - 液压致动器 - Google Patents

液压致动器 Download PDF

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CN102105716B
CN102105716B CN2009801293350A CN200980129335A CN102105716B CN 102105716 B CN102105716 B CN 102105716B CN 2009801293350 A CN2009801293350 A CN 2009801293350A CN 200980129335 A CN200980129335 A CN 200980129335A CN 102105716 B CN102105716 B CN 102105716B
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piston
motor
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hydraulic pump
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CN102105716A (zh
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B·伦德斯托姆
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Haldex Traction AB
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D43/00Automatic clutches
    • F16D43/28Automatic clutches actuated by fluid pressure
    • F16D43/284Automatic clutches actuated by fluid pressure controlled by angular speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K17/00Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles
    • B60K17/34Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles
    • B60K17/348Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed
    • B60K17/35Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches
    • B60K17/3505Arrangement or mounting of transmissions in vehicles for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles having differential means for driving one set of wheels, e.g. the front, at one speed and the other set, e.g. the rear, at a different speed including arrangements for suppressing or influencing the power transfer, e.g. viscous clutches with self-actuated means, e.g. by difference of speed
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/08Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K23/00Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • B60K23/08Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles
    • B60K23/0808Arrangement or mounting of control devices for vehicle transmissions, or parts thereof, not otherwise provided for for changing number of driven wheels, for switching from driving one axle to driving two or more axles for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00External control of clutches
    • F16D48/02Control by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00External control of clutches
    • F16D48/06Control by electric or electronic means, e.g. of fluid pressure
    • F16D48/064Control of electrically or electromagnetically actuated clutches
    • GPHYSICS
    • G05CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05GCONTROL DEVICES OR SYSTEMS INSOFAR AS CHARACTERISED BY MECHANICAL FEATURES ONLY
    • G05G15/00Mechanical devices for initiating a movement automatically due to a specific cause
    • G05G15/06Mechanical devices for initiating a movement automatically due to a specific cause due to the speed of rotation or of bodily movement of a member, e.g. passing an upper or lower limit thereof
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00External control of clutches
    • F16D48/02Control by fluid pressure
    • F16D2048/0209Control by fluid pressure characterised by fluid valves having control pistons, e.g. spools
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D48/00External control of clutches
    • F16D48/02Control by fluid pressure
    • F16D2048/0257Hydraulic circuit layouts, i.e. details of hydraulic circuit elements or the arrangement thereof
    • F16D2048/0272Two valves, where one valve is supplying fluid to the cylinder and the other valve is for draining fluid to the sump
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/10System to be controlled
    • F16D2500/102Actuator
    • F16D2500/1021Electrical type
    • F16D2500/1023Electric motor
    • F16D2500/1024Electric motor combined with hydraulic actuation
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/10System to be controlled
    • F16D2500/104Clutch
    • F16D2500/10406Clutch position
    • F16D2500/10412Transmission line of a vehicle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/10System to be controlled
    • F16D2500/104Clutch
    • F16D2500/10406Clutch position
    • F16D2500/104314WD Clutch dividing power between the front and the rear axle
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/302Signal inputs from the actuator
    • F16D2500/3022Current
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/30Signal inputs
    • F16D2500/304Signal inputs from the clutch
    • F16D2500/30404Clutch temperature
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16DCOUPLINGS FOR TRANSMITTING ROTATION; CLUTCHES; BRAKES
    • F16D2500/00External control of clutches by electric or electronic means
    • F16D2500/70Details about the implementation of the control system
    • F16D2500/704Output parameters from the control unit; Target parameters to be controlled
    • F16D2500/70402Actuator parameters
    • F16D2500/70406Pressure

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
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  • Arrangement And Driving Of Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Clutches, Magnetic Clutches, Fluid Clutches, And Fluid Joints (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及泵连接器或液压致动器,该泵连接器或液压致动器控制在全轮驱动车辆中的前轴和后轴(3、5)之间分配扭矩和/或在两轮驱动车辆或四轮驱动车辆的左车轮和右车轮之间分配扭矩的分配系统的一个或多个限滑连接器(7、37)。所述液压致动器包括电机(16)、通过电机(16)的驱动轴(18)驱动的液压泵(17)、以及一个或多个限滑连接器(7、37)。每个限滑连接器(7、37)包括盘组件(15、40)和作用于所述盘组件(15、40)上的活塞(13、38),所述活塞(13、38)由所述液压泵(17)致动。离心调节器(23、31)连接至所述电机或液压泵(17)的转动部分,所述离心调节器(23、31)控制压力溢流阀门,所述压力溢流阀门连接至所述液压泵(17)的油料出口(21)。所述压力通过向所述电机(16)输入的电流或通过对电机速度的控制来予以控制。

Description

液压致动器
技术领域
本发明涉及用于在全轮驱动车辆中的前轴和后轴之间分配扭矩和/或在两轮驱动或四轮驱动车辆中的左车轮和右车轮之间的扭矩分配的分配系统。更具体而言,本发明涉及控制分配系统的一个或多个限滑连接器的泵连接器或液压致动器。
背景技术
在所有的车轮驱动车辆中,通常具有被致动用于在前轴和后轴之间分配扭矩的多盘式离合器。还可使用这种多盘式离合器在左车轮和右车轮之间分配扭矩。所述多盘式离合器通常由某种液压致动装置致动。在EP1 256 478中,示出了这种液压致动装置的一个示例。其具有在速度的相对方向上运行的液压泵,油压传感器、两个旁通孔板阀、单向阀门、安全阀门和速开阀门。
发明内容
降低成本是恒久不变的追求。这通常通过简化现有系统来实现,也还可通过缩减具体系统所需的空间来实现。占有更少的空间会简化所述系统对不同车辆的适应。
因此,本发明的一个目的是降低液压部件(没有旁通孔板阀)的数目并实现稳健设计、更紧凑的安装、较低的重量和较低的生产成本。此外,在本发明中无需压力传感器。另一总体目的是设置一种用于例如针对全轮驱动车辆的扭矩分配系统中的多盘式离合器的简单但是可靠的致动系统。另一目的是所述致动系统应对调节信号快速反应。
依据本发明,这在一种具有液压致动器的扭矩分配系统中得以实现,所述液压致动器包括电机、液压泵和限滑连接器。所述液压泵通过所述电机的驱动轴驱动。所述限滑连接器包括盘组件和对所述盘组件作用的活塞。所述活塞通过液压泵致动。此外,离心调节器连接至所述电机或所述液压泵的转动部分。所述转动部分通常是所述电机的驱动轴。所述离心调节器控制连接至所述液压泵的油料出口的压力溢流阀门。安全阀门连接至气缸腔体,所述气缸腔体包围所述限滑连接器的活塞。
本发明的其他目的和优势对于阅读本发明下面实施方式的具体描述的本领域技术人员将变得显而易见。
附图说明
下面将针对所附的附图并通过示例描述本发明,在附图中:
图1至图5示出了根据现有技术的用于车辆的不同驱动系统的示例,本发明可用于其中;
图6是根据本发明的液压致动器的一个示例;
图7是图6的液压致动器的离心调节器的一个备选实施方式的示意图;
图8是示出了轴的转速与图6和图7的液压致动器的液压之间关系的图表;
图9是示出了转速与图6和图7的液压致动器的直流电机电压和电流之间关系的图表;以及
图10是本发明的液压致动器的一个示例,该液压致动器包括两个限滑连接器。
具体实施方式
在图1至图5中,示出了车辆的不同驱动系统中的5个一般示例。在所有的示例中,所述车辆通过发动机1和变速器2来驱动。所有的示例的车辆还具有前轴3、后轴5、一个或多个差速器6以及一个或多个限滑连接器7。可在设备中使用限滑连接器7,用于在所有的车轮驱动车辆的前轴3和后轴5之间分配扭矩和/或在两轮或四轮驱动车辆的左车轮和右车轮之间分配扭矩。限滑连接器7包括通过气缸腔体14中容纳的活塞13致动的盘组件15。当致动活塞13时,盘组件15的盘将彼此接触。
图1和图2的示例示出了普通的四轮驱动,其中图2的四轮驱动具有在后车轮之间的扭矩分配。图3的示例是一般的后轮驱动,其具有也能驱动前车轮的可能性。在图4中,示出了具有中央差速器的一个示例。最后,在图5中,示出了在前车轮之间分配扭矩的前车轮驱动的一个示例。本领域技术人员明白还存在驱动系统的其他示例,本发明可用于其中。
在图1的示例中,中轴4连接于前轴3和后轴5之间。限滑连接器7放置于中轴4和后轴5的差速器6之间。图2的示例与图1的示例的不同之处仅在于在后轴5上放置有另一限滑连接器7。
在图3的示例中,限滑连接器7放置于发动机1的变速器2和中轴8之间,中轴8的另一端连接至后轴5的差速器6。变速器9置于限滑连接器7和另一中轴10之间,中轴10的另一端连接至前轴3的差速器6。
在图4的示例中,发电机1的变速器2连接至差速器6,差速器6连接至第一中轴11和第二中轴12。限滑连接器7将差速器6和第二中轴12连接。第一中轴11的另一端连接至后轴5的差速器6。第二中轴12的一端连接至前轴3的差速器6。
在图5的示例中,差速器6连接至前轴3。差速器6连接至形成前轴3的两个半轮轴。限滑连接器7设置成将差速器6与前轴3中的半轮轴之一连接。在这个示例中,后轴5未被驱动。
通过液压致动器系统的液压泵17致动图6中所示的限滑连接器7的活塞13。除了限滑连接器7和液压泵17之外,所述液压致动器系统还包括电机16、安全阀门19和由离心调节器23控制的压力溢流阀门。
电机16通常是电刷直流电机。电机16的驱动轴18连接至液压泵17并驱动液压泵17。液压泵17可以是任何种类的泵,例如齿轮泵、叶轮泵、径向活塞泵或轴向活塞泵。离心调节器23与液压泵17集成并控制所述压力溢流阀门。此外,离心调节器23还连接至电机16的驱动轴18并由电机16的驱动轴18驱动。在其他的实施方式中,离心调节器23连接至液压泵17的转动部分而不是连接至电机16的驱动轴18。
液压泵17具有油料入口20和油料出口21。油料出口21连接至包围活塞13的气缸腔体14。安全阀门19也连接至包围活塞13的所述气缸腔体14。液压泵17的油料出口21和安全阀门19均连接至活塞13的相同侧。此外,压力溢流阀门的溢流出口28连接至液压泵17的油料出口21。
所述压力溢流阀门的另一功能是在系统中具有泄流(leakage),使得电机16会始终运转(而不燃烧非运转直流电机中的电刷)。因为电机16已经在运转,所以电机16用非常短的反应时间以建立所述系统内的压力,从而用于加速转动部分的能量将会更少。
压力溢流阀门具有封闭液压泵17的溢流出口28的垫圈27。一个或多个弹簧29作用于垫圈27的一侧以从溢流阀门28抬起所述垫圈。一个或多个弹簧29置于液压泵17的一个或多个凹槽30中。离心调节器23作用于垫圈27的相对侧以按压垫圈27使其抵靠溢流出口28。离心调节器23的作用于垫圈27的力取决于离心调节器23的转速,或者换言之,取决于离心调节器23所连接的电机16的驱动轴18的转速或离心调节器23所连接的液压泵7的转动部分的转速。转速越高,离心调节器23生成的力越大。
所述压力溢流阀门的垫圈27可由多种不同的方法支撑。在一种实施方式中,轴向轴承支撑垫圈27,在另一实施方式中,垫圈27是在油膜上滑动的滑动垫圈。
集成的离心调节器23调节泵17的油料出口21处的压力。在图6的实施方式中,示意性地示出了具有形式为离心杠杆24的离心调节器23。离心杠杆24是成角度的,并具有一般的L形。离心杠杆24连接至电机16的驱动轴18,以这种方式,由于离心杠杆24在成角度的离心杠杆24的顶点处关于驱动轴18轴向地可扭转,所以离心杠杆24将会同时随着驱动轴18转动。如图6中的附图标记25所示,离心杠杆24在其一端放置成与垫圈27接触。在离心杠杆24的另一端放置有配重26。此外,每个离心杠杆24的从所述顶点(也即在所述驱动轴处)至所述配重26的部分要长于每个离心杠杆24的从所述顶点至垫圈27的部分。在一些实施方式中,较长部分的重量充分地高于其他部分的重量,从而可能地取消在端部处的配重。如果驱动轴18的转动速度增加,离心杠杆24将以如下方式绕所述顶点转动:配重26具有从驱动轴18移离以按压离心杠杆24抵靠垫圈27的倾向。离心杠杆24的这种移动将关闭所述压力溢流阀门。所述压力溢流阀门的关闭将影响限滑连接器7的活塞13的腔体14中的压力水平。如图8所示,驱动轴18的转速n在所述液压压力开始建立之前必须达到一定的水平。
图7中示出了离心调节器的备选实施方式。在这个实施方式中,离心调节器31包括设置在所述压力溢流阀门的垫圈27和驱动轴18上的滚珠支撑件33之间的滚珠32。与滚珠32接触的滚珠支撑件33的表面34倾斜。滚珠支撑件33的接触表面34的倾斜使得接触表面33和垫圈27之间的距离随距驱动轴18的径向距离的增大而减小。
所述压力溢流阀门还可与活塞泵中的每个活塞相连接来代替与所述泵的出口端口的连接。
安全阀门19的功能是去除组装过程中所述系统中的气体,从而具有第二方法以控制所述系统中的最大压力并在其使用寿命期间具有机会校准所述系统。
液压泵17应是在向泵17的输入扭矩和一定温度条件下的压力之间具有良好相关性的设计。借助具有集成于限滑连接器7中的温度传感器的电子控制器,所述控制系统处理压力/输入泵扭矩之间的变化和不同温度下电流/直流电机扭矩的变化。在优选地应用中,大体上由电流控制压力。参见图9,通过离心调节器23调节直流电机16的电压。在具体的调节/控制中,所述控制(设置设定点)可通过电压和电流的组合来实现,但是至直流电机16的电流与所述系统中压力值相关。
如图8所示,控制所述系统中压力的另一种方法是使用来自离心调节器23的信息来控制直流电机16的速度。这可通过具有某种额外的速度传感器的更先进的电控制器(测量电流变化)或通过使用无刷电机来实现。
当所述车辆驱动时,直流电机16总是运转。在所述离合器的打开模式(例如ABS情形)下,所述电机以保持所述压力溢流阀门打开的速度运转,如图8中区域A和图9中的载荷点A所示。当离合器中需要高扭矩/在活塞13处需要高压力时,向直流电机16输入高电流/电压。驱动轴18的速度将提高,借以通过离心调节器23关闭所述压力溢流阀门。当达到所期望压力时,所述压力溢流阀门在第一步骤中打开一些至平衡位置(图9中的载荷点C)。如果活塞13处的压力要下降至较低水平,则降低电流/电压,并且所述溢流阀门在第一步骤中通过离心调节器23打开更多一些,从而接近在所期望的压力水平处的平衡位置(图9中的载荷点B)。
相比于现有技术中的系统,因为所述电机无需降为0,然后反向并打开快开阀门,所以打开时间(进入ABS模式)将较短。当所述直流电机开始减速时,所述压力将下降。
在图10中,示出了使用本发明的泵连接器控制除图6的限滑连接器7之外的另一限滑连接器37的示例。例如,图10的示例可用于如图2所示的驱动系统。此外,所述另一个限滑连接器37包括容纳于气缸腔体39中的活塞38、以及盘组件40,所述活塞38作用于盘组件40。压力降低阀门35放置于液压泵17的油料出口21和另一限滑连接器37的气缸腔体39之间的线路36中。压力降低阀门35控制另一限滑连接器37的活塞38将要起动的压力。

Claims (15)

1.一种用于在全轮驱动车辆的前轴和后轴之间的扭矩分配系统和/或在两轮或四轮驱动车辆的左车轮和右车轮之间的扭矩分配的液压致动器,所述液压致动器包括电机(16)、通过所述电机(16)的驱动轴(18)驱动的液压泵(17)、以及一个或多个限滑连接器(7、37),所述限滑连接器(7、37)包括盘组件(15、40)和作用于所述盘组件(15、40)上的活塞(13、38),所述活塞(13、38)通过所述液压泵(17)致动,其特征在于,离心调节器(23、31)连接至所述电机或液压泵(17)的转动部分,所述离心调节器(23、31)控制压力溢流阀门,所述压力溢流阀门连接至所述液压泵(17)的油料出口(21)。
2.根据权利要求1的液压致动器,其中所述转动部分是所述电机(16)的驱动轴(18)。
3.根据权利要求1或2的液压致动器,其中安全阀门(19)连接至所述限滑连接器(7)的活塞(13)的、与所述液压泵(17)的相同侧。
4.根据权利要求1或2的液压致动器,其中所述压力溢流阀门包括垫圈(27)和弹簧(29)装置,所述垫圈(27)在一个位置关闭溢流出口(28)。
5.根据权利要求4的液压致动器,其中所述垫圈(27)在轴向轴承中被支撑。
6.根据权利要求4的液压致动器,其中所述垫圈(27)是在油膜上滑动的滑动垫圈。
7.根据权利要求4的液压致动器,其中所述离心调节器(23)包括离心杠杆(24),所述离心杠杆(24)直接作用于所述压力溢流阀门的垫圈(27)上,并抵抗所述垫圈(27)和弹簧(29)装置的一个或多个弹簧(29)。
8.根据权利要求4的液压致动器,其中所述离心调节器(31)包括设置于所述压力溢流阀门的垫圈(27)和所述驱动轴(18)上的或所述液压泵(17)的其他转动部分上的滚珠支撑件(33)之间的滚珠(32),并且与所述滚珠(32)接触的所述滚珠支撑件(33)的表面(34)倾斜。
9.根据权利要求1或2的液压致动器,其中所述电机(16)是电刷直流电机。
10.根据权利要求3的液压致动器,其中液压泵为液压活塞泵,压力溢流阀门连接至液压活塞泵的每个活塞。
11.根据权利要求1或2的液压致动器,还包括控制系统,其中控制系统包括电控制器和集成于所述限滑连接器(7、37)的温度传感器,其中所述液压致动器的液压压力由至所述电机(16)的电流控制。
12.根据权利要求1或2的液压致动器,还包括电控制器,其中电控制器测量至所述电机(16)的电流中的变化,其中速度传感器设置成感测所述驱动轴(18)的速度和/或其中所述电机(16)是无刷电机。
13.根据权利要求1或2的液压致动器,其中所述电机(16)始终运转。
14.根据权利要求1的液压致动器,其中在所述液压泵(17)的油料出口(21)和另一限滑连接器(37)之间设置压力降低阀门(35),所述另一限滑连接器(37)包括液压缸腔体(39)、被所述液压缸腔体(39)所包围的活塞(38)以及盘组件(40)。
15.一种包括根据上述权利要求中任一项的液压致动器的车辆。
CN2009801293350A 2008-08-14 2009-07-09 液压致动器 Active CN102105716B (zh)

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