CN102102748A - 具有差动器和制动器的致动器 - Google Patents

具有差动器和制动器的致动器 Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102102748A
CN102102748A CN2010105915795A CN201010591579A CN102102748A CN 102102748 A CN102102748 A CN 102102748A CN 2010105915795 A CN2010105915795 A CN 2010105915795A CN 201010591579 A CN201010591579 A CN 201010591579A CN 102102748 A CN102102748 A CN 102102748A
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actuator
differentiator
break
motor
torque
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R.A.希默尔曼
D.朗
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Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
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Hamilton Sundstrand Corp
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    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H25/00Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20Screw mechanisms
    • F16H25/2021Screw mechanisms with means for avoiding overloading
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H25/00Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2062Arrangements for driving the actuator
    • F16H2025/2081Parallel arrangement of drive motor to screw axis
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16HGEARING
    • F16H25/00Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms
    • F16H25/18Gearings comprising primarily only cams, cam-followers and screw-and-nut mechanisms for conveying or interconverting oscillating or reciprocating motions
    • F16H25/20Screw mechanisms
    • F16H2025/2062Arrangements for driving the actuator
    • F16H2025/2087Arrangements for driving the actuator using planetary gears
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/14Rotary member or shaft indexing, e.g., tool or work turret
    • Y10T74/1406Rotary member or shaft indexing, e.g., tool or work turret with safety device or drive disconnect
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18568Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary
    • Y10T74/18576Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary including screw and nut
    • Y10T74/18688Limit stop
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T74/00Machine element or mechanism
    • Y10T74/18Mechanical movements
    • Y10T74/18568Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary
    • Y10T74/18576Reciprocating or oscillating to or from alternating rotary including screw and nut
    • Y10T74/18704Means to selectively lock or retard screw or nut

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)
  • Retarders (AREA)
  • Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及具有差动器和制动器的致动器。具体地,一种致动器(100)包括:差动器(105),该差动器包括包含第一分支(106a)和第二分支(106b)的齿轮系;马达(101),其被构造为通过差动器(105)的第一分支(106a)来对旋转的滚珠丝杠(104)提供动力;以及制动器(103),其被连接到差动器(105)的第二分支(106b),制动器(103)具有保持力,使得在差动器(105)中的转矩超过保持力的情况下,制动器(103)被构造为使差动器(105)中的转矩耗散。

Description

具有差动器和制动器的致动器
技术领域
本文公开的主题总体上与致动器领域有关。
背景技术
线性致动器是被设计为向物体提供力和线性位移的机器。线性致动器可以包括机电致动器(EMA),其中,由电动马达对致动器提供动力。EMA在消除与在液压致动系统中使用的液压流体相关联的火灾危险和泄露问题的同时提供相对于液压或气动线性致动器而言增加的效率。
为了产生具有大力能力的EMA,EMA的电动马达必须能够产生大的转矩,或者致动器的齿轮系必须降低马达的输出转矩要求。具有大转矩能力的马达通常在其转子中包含大量的转动惯量。降低马达的输出转矩要求的齿轮减速系统减小了马达的实际尺寸和转动惯量,然而,其要求马达以较高的速度工作。致动器输出端处的马达转动惯量与马达惯量乘以齿轮减速比的平方成比例。
包括齿轮系、滚珠丝杠和整体结构的EMA的尺寸设置由EMA马达的转动惯量和EMA在操作期间可能经历的瞬时过载条件或瞬时力尖峰来确定。瞬时力尖峰可能起因于例如火箭引擎起动。瞬时力尖峰可以促使滚珠丝杠尝试反向驱动马达;然而,马达的转动惯量将阻止被反向驱动。在瞬时力尖峰期间,可以允许EMA漂移(drift);然而,马达的高转动惯量可以阻止减缓瞬时力尖峰所需的急剧加速。为了EMA机械地支撑高瞬时负荷,可以将EMA设计为相对大且重。替代性地,可以将动态滑动离合器结合到EMA传动系中,允许马达从EMA齿轮系脱开。然而,动态离合器可以在正常操作期间向传动系添加转动惯量,这可能影响EMA的频率响应性能。为了EMA满足频率响应要求,可以使马达尺寸过大以提供克服由动态离合器添加的惯量所需的附加转矩。动态离合器和相应的较大马达可以导致相对大、重和复杂的EMA。
瞬时力尖峰还可能在滚珠丝杠撞击内部止动件或端部止动件时发生。马达的转动惯量将尝试继续驱动滚珠丝杠通过止动件。如果止动件强到足以经受住力尖峰,则接下来最薄弱的环节,即滚珠丝杠或驱动滚珠丝杠的齿轮系可能被损坏。可以通过将齿轮系和EMA止动件设计为处理与在致动器撞击硬止动件时发生的马达急剧减速相关联的转矩尖峰,来克服这一情形。EMA的内部轴系可能随着马达旋转减慢而弯曲,提供扭转柔量(compliance)。然而,这种设计方法可能导致比处理正常工作负荷所需的更大且更重的EMA。
发明内容
根据本发明的一方面,一种致动器包括:差动器,该差动器包括包含第一分支(leg)和第二分支的齿轮系;马达,其被构造为通过所述差动器的第一分支对旋转的滚珠丝杠提供动力;以及制动器,其被连接到所述差动器的第二分支,所述制动器具有保持力,使得在所述差动器中的转矩超过该保持力的情况下,所述制动器被构造为使所述差动器中的转矩耗散。
通过结合附图进行的以下说明,本发明的其它方面、特征和技术将变得更明显。
附图说明
现在参考附图,其中,在图中以同样的方式对相同的元件编号:
图1示出了包括差动器和制动器的致动器的实施例。
具体实施方式
提供了包括差动器和制动器的致动器的实施例,下面详细地讨论示例性实施例。
如图1所示,致动器100包括差动器105,差动器105包括包含第一分支106a和第二分支106b的齿轮系。差动器105可以包括速度求和差动器。马达101可以包括电动马达,并且致动器100可以包括EMA。在正常操作中,马达101通过差动器105的第一分支106a来驱动滚珠丝杠104,促使滚珠丝杠104旋转。滚珠丝杠104的旋转与平移螺母107啮合,使平移部件108沿着由箭头109指示的方向移动。制动器103经由第二分支106b保持并平衡马达101在差动器105上的输出转矩。在一些实施例中,差动器105充当2:1齿轮减速级。位置传感器102可以向控制器(未示出)发送关于平移螺母107和/或平移部件108的位置数据。
在致动器100中可能发生瞬时力尖峰。瞬时力尖峰的产生原因可以包括但不限于火箭引擎起动,或者滚珠丝杠104以相对高的速度撞击内部止动件或端部止动件。滚珠丝杠104可以尝试经由差动器分支106a来反向驱动马达101,或者马达101可以尝试驱动滚珠丝杠104通过止动件。马达101的转动惯量促使差动器105中的转矩在瞬时力尖峰下上升。差动器105中的上升的转矩经由第二差动器分支106b被传递到制动器103。当差动器105中的转矩超过制动器103的保持力时,制动器103滑动并旋转,使过量的转矩耗散并保护致动器100。在一些实施例中,制动器103的保持力可以等于马达101的最大输出转矩。制动器103可以包括用于使瞬时力尖峰耗散的任何适当的制动器构造。在一些实施例中,制动器103可以包括摩擦材料。
示例性实施例的技术效果和益处包括致动器中的瞬时力尖峰的耗散。制动器允许致动器被设计为处理工作负荷而不是瞬时负荷,减小致动器所需要的尺寸和重量。
本文所使用的术语仅仅出于描述特定实施例的目的,并且并不意图限制本发明。虽然已出于图示和说明的目的给出了本发明的说明,但其并不意图是排他性的或者以所公开的形式来限制本发明。在不脱离本发明的范围和精神的情况下,本文未描述的许多修改、变更、替换或等同布置对于本领域的技术人员来说是明显的。另外,虽然已描述了本发明的各种实施例,应理解的是本发明的方面可以仅包括所述实施例中的一些。因此,不应将本发明视为受到前述说明的限制,而是仅仅由所附权利要求的范围来限制。

Claims (10)

1.一种致动器(100),包括: 
差动器(105),其包括包含第一分支(106a)和第二分支(106b)的齿轮系; 
马达(101),其被构造为通过所述差动器(105)的第一分支(106a)来对旋转的滚珠丝杠(104)提供动力;以及 
制动器(103),其被连接到所述差动器(105)的第二分支(106b),制动器(103)具有保持力,使得在所述差动器(105)中的转矩超过所述保持力的情况下,所述制动器(103)被构造为使所述差动器(105)中的转矩耗散。
2.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其中,所述马达(101)包括电动马达,并且所述致动器(100)包括机电致动器。
3.如权利要求1所述的致动器,还包括与旋转的滚珠丝杠(104)啮合的平移螺母(107),所述平移螺母(107)被构造为线性地平移。
4.如权利要求3所述的致动器,还包括位置传感器(102),所述位置传感器被构造为向控制器发送关于所述平移螺母(107)的位置的数据。
5.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其中,所述制动器(103)的保持力等于所述马达(101)的最大输出转矩。
6.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其中,所述制动器(103)被构造为在所述差动器(105)中的转矩超过所述保持力的情况下旋转。
7.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其中,所述差动器(105)中的转矩包括瞬时力尖峰。
8.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其中,所述差动器(105)包括速度求和差动器。
9.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其中,所述差动器(105)包括2:1齿轮减速级。
10.如权利要求1所述的致动器,其中,所述制动器(103)包括摩擦材料。
CN2010105915795A 2009-12-17 2010-12-16 具有差动器和制动器的致动器 Pending CN102102748A (zh)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US12/640,482 US8262531B2 (en) 2009-12-17 2009-12-17 Actuator with differential and brake
US12/640482 2009-12-17

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US8978840B2 (en) 2012-11-19 2015-03-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Asymmetry brake with torque limit
US9383228B2 (en) 2012-12-03 2016-07-05 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Control voltage signal synthesis system and method
US9297446B2 (en) 2013-07-29 2016-03-29 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Electro-mechanical actuators with integrated high resolution wide operating load range
US10024405B2 (en) * 2015-05-12 2018-07-17 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Dual redundant linear actuator

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CN103975172B (zh) * 2011-12-15 2016-08-17 株式会社艾科赛迪 离合器驱动器

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US20110146446A1 (en) 2011-06-23
EP2343465A1 (en) 2011-07-13
EP2343465B1 (en) 2014-07-16
JP2011127761A (ja) 2011-06-30
JP5276086B2 (ja) 2013-08-28
US8262531B2 (en) 2012-09-11

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