CN102098956A - 用于非侵入式监控眼压的传感器隐形眼镜、系统以及眼压测量的方法 - Google Patents
用于非侵入式监控眼压的传感器隐形眼镜、系统以及眼压测量的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明的特征在于其包括:截顶的隐形眼镜(1),其截面与所述隐形眼镜的基部平行;以及设置于中央的聚合物纳米复合材料(2),其附着于被截区域的周边,所述材料对压力变化敏感、生物相容且透明,并包括接触电极(3),以及,其还包括用于将IOP测量数据传送到外部系统的装置。本发明还涉及一种用于使用所述眼镜来测量IOP的方法,包括:i)将所述传感器隐形眼镜放置在眼睛上,用以确定其眼压;ii)在外部电极之间提供直流电;iii)测量内部电极之间的ΔV;以及iv)识别所获得的值是否位于聚合物纳米复合材料的以电阻率变化表示的线性响应之外。本发明还涉及包括所述眼镜的遥测系统。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及用于使用非侵入式技术监控眼压(IOP)的传感器隐形眼镜以及用于使用这种传感器隐形眼镜测量眼压的方法。
具体来说,本发明涉及一种在中央区域包括透明聚合物纳米复合材料的传感器隐形眼镜,其连续地非侵入式地进行眼压的直接测量。
本发明还涉及包括所述传感器隐形眼镜的用于监控眼压的遥测系统。
背景技术
青光眼是由于眼压(IOP)的增加而导致的一种眼睛疾病。这种眼压增加导致视神经的缓慢的不可逆损坏,这种损坏在早期很难检测到并且由于一天中IOP的许多波动而难以控制。因此,青光眼是生产部门中视觉缺陷或失明的第二主要原因。
通过测量IOP来进行诊断和控制,并且所使用的最普遍的测量方法是Goldmann拉平眼压测量法。
因此,属于同一所有者和发明人的专利U.S.6,994,672和U.S.7,169,106公开了用于根据以上技术来测量眼睛的眼压的设备。它们包括特定测量或在测量之间具有一定时间的测量,因此是非连续的测量。在美国专利7,169,106的特定情况中,公开了一种隐形眼镜,该隐形眼镜具有粘附于其部分内表面的传感器。所述传感器包括与眼睛表面的一部分接触的表面。该接触表面包括被制作成阻抗元件的外部区域和内部区域,使得当内部区域由于来自外部压平器(applanator)对其表面的压力而改变形状时,其阻抗改变,外部压平器在表面上改变所述形状并因此改变阻抗的。
此外,专利申请WO/2003/001991公开了基于插入到硅酮眼镜的外部区域的聚酰亚胺基底上的微加工的应变测量器的传感器眼镜。IOP测量系统包括例如由硅酮制成的隐形眼镜以及附着于所述隐形眼镜的有效应变测量器,其特征在于,有效张力测量器为圆弧,并位于外部区域上且围绕隐形眼镜的C中心。
所述隐形眼镜将眼球变形与IOP改变相关联,由此在典型的7.8mm半径中按照人眼角膜约3μm的曲率改变来间接地测量IOP。此外,该测量系统及其准确性依赖于眼睛的运动、眨眼和眼镜的运动。这暗示了用以去除噪声的信号滤波,尤其是如角膜厚度、硬度或散光等因素,这些因素还影响测量的准确性并更加难以控制。
值得注意的是,在所述国际专利申请中使用的材料是聚酰亚胺-硅酮的疏水材料(导致与眼睛的液体表面有关的问题)。
这样,至今公开的系统仅测量IOP的变化,并不包括被认为是绝对压力传感器的直接测量传感器。
因此,现有技术还未公开这样的设备,如传感器隐形眼镜,其非侵入式地采取直接、连续的IOP测量,这也克服了至今公开的技术的缺点。
发明内容
在第一方面,本发明涉及非侵入式传感器隐形眼镜,用于直接、连续地监控眼压(IOP),包括对压力变化敏感的、生物相容且透明的聚合物纳米复合材料。
在第二方面,本发明涉及用于使用根据本发明的第一方面的传感器隐形眼镜来测量眼压(IOP)的方法。
在第三方面,本发明涉及用于监控眼压的遥测系统,其包括所述传感器隐形眼镜。
附图说明
图1示出了根据本发明的传感器隐形眼镜,用于连续地非侵入式地监控眼压,包括:截顶的隐形眼镜1,其截面与该隐形眼镜的基部平行;以及设置于中央的聚合物纳米复合材料(2),其附着于被截区域的周边。所述材料包括接触电极3和所述截顶的隐形眼镜1、用于将4个IOP测量数据传送到外部系统(未示出)的装置。在所述实施例中,传送装置为有线的。
图2示出了本发明的遥测系统的实施例,其中通过遥测进行传送的装置包括集成电路5和天线6。所述图2示意性地示出了根据本发明的第一方面的传感器隐形眼镜的配置,其中有机纳米复合材料2连接到集成电路5,该集成电路5通过天线6将数据发送到接收单元(RU)7。该单元可以位于支撑件上,该支撑件如以下图4所示的眼镜。另外,该单元(RU)向集成电路提供电力,并能够通过射频(RF)或导线来发送存储在数据处理单元8(PC或PDA(个人设备助手)类型)中的信息。该单元允许数据的操作、存储和可视化。
图3示出了在眼压(IOP)变化期间根据本发明第一方面的传感器隐形眼镜针对在聚碳酸酯基部支撑件上的聚合物纳米复合材料(BET-TTF)2IxBr3-x电阻率变化的响应的实施例。
图4示出了本发明的放置在眼球上的传感器隐形眼镜的实施例,以及具有合并在眼镜框中的遥测元件的系统的操作图,其中,附图标记具有以上给出的意义。
具体实施方式
本发明的第一方面提供了例如由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯制成的用于监控眼压(IOP)的传感器隐形眼镜,其特征在于,该传感器隐形眼镜包括:截顶的隐形眼镜(1),其截面与所述隐形眼镜的基部平行;以及设置于中央的聚合物纳米复合材料(2),其附着于被截区域的周边,所述材料对压力变化敏感、生物相容且透明,并包括接触电极(3),以及特征在于,其还包括用于将IOP测量数据传送到外部系统的装置。
用于传送IOP测量数据的装置包括导线4或集成电路5,以及天线6,其中所述天线6可以位于截顶的眼镜1中或作为与聚合物纳米复合材料2结合的元件。所述天线可以由铂、金或聚合物纳米复合材料制成。
另一方面,接触电极3包括:两个外部电极,用于向聚合物纳米复合材料提供连续电力;以及两个内部电极,用于测量其差分电压。
聚合物纳米复合材料2从覆盖有一层有机导电材料的聚合物基(基底)获得,该有机导电材料与聚合物基紧密链接。导电层由基于电荷转移盐的分子导体的晶体网格形成。
有益地,使用所述聚合物纳米复合材料能够实现眼压(IOP)变化关于电阻率变化的线性响应。
所述聚合物纳米复合材料对于压力变化敏感、生物相容且透明,具体来说由以下获得:
i)导电有机材料层,由包括分子A和掺杂剂D的至少一种盐或导电复合物构成,所述分子A为有机分子或大分子,是能够形成盐或导电复合物的电子施主或电子受主,但是不掺杂的分子A不具有导电性,所述掺杂剂D是电子受主或电子施主化合物,其能够与分子或大分子A形成盐或导电复合物;以及
ii)基底或聚合物基,与有机材料层i)密切接触,其中所述基底对于有机材料层i)呈现惰性。
这种分子或大分子A可以从以下中选择:并苯衍生物、晕苯衍生物、四硫富瓦烯衍生物或四氰二甲基苯醌衍生物,优选为二(乙硫基)四硫富瓦烯(BET-TTF)或二(亚乙二硫基)四硫富瓦烯(BEDT-TTF)。所述掺杂剂D是卤素种类,有益地是从碘、溴或溴化碘中选择的种类。
优选地,所述盐从以下中选择:(BET-TTF)2I3、(BET-TTF)2Br·3H2O、(BET-TTF)2IxBr3-x和(BET-TTF)2IxBr3-x,其中BET-TTF是二(乙硫基)四硫富瓦烯,BEDT-TTF是二(亚乙二硫基)四硫富瓦烯,优选为(BET-TTF)2Br·3H2O,所述对于有机材料的导电层呈现惰性的基底从以下中选择:绝缘有机聚合物,优选为热塑性聚合物或弹性体,更优选地为聚碳酸酯、聚酰胺、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚乙烯或聚丙烯。
对于压力传感器应用,优选使用对于机械地周期施加的负荷具有高抵抗力、难以被施加的负荷破坏的衬底。此外,对于该应用,优选使用具有有机层,该有机层对于压力、变形或应力敏感,由具有低耐热系数的高压阻材料构成,优选使用(BET-TTF)2Br·3H2O作为有机层。
为了更好地理解聚合物纳米复合材料2的获得,包括西班牙专利申请P200602887的内容。
有益地,根据本发明第一方面的传感器隐形眼镜可以在延长的时间段中获得非侵入式直接压力值。另外,所使用的聚合物纳米复合材料2避免了现有技术中与角膜厚度有关的缺点。
而且,有益的是,所述聚合物纳米复合材料2不仅充当压力传感器,而且其组成允许集成遥测电路被设计在其表面上,以便于提取信号,这样,提供了易于使用的传感器隐形眼镜,并使得能够以最可能的生理方式来监控IOP。
因此,借助于热打印技术,电子电路可以直接被设计在聚合物纳米复合材料2的表面上。为了更好地理解热化学打印技术,国际专利申请WO2007/014975的内容通过引用合并于此。
值得注意的是,依照根据本发明的传感器隐形眼镜,提供了一种人或动物眼睛的眼压的直接测量系统,其克服了迄今为止公开的技术的缺点。
尤其是,根据本发明的第一方面,眼压被直接转换成整个聚合物纳米复合材料的变形,由此改变其阻抗,因此直接测量眼压的变化。聚合物纳米复合材料2由于其杨氏模数而对压力变化更为敏感,因此比包围它的截顶的隐形眼镜1更易变形。另外,所述聚合物纳米复合材料完全是有机的,因此更好处理。
根据本发明的第一方面的传感器隐形眼镜显示出对在测量眼睛的眼压所需的压力范围(10到21mmHg之间)中的压力的线性响应和高敏感性。
在第二方面,本发明涉及用于使用根据本发明的第一方面的传感器隐形眼镜来测量眼压(IOP)的方法。所述方法包括以下步骤:
i)将所述传感器隐形眼镜放置在眼睛上,用以确定其眼压;
ii)在外部接触电极之间提供直流电;
iii)测量内部接触电极之间的差分电压ΔV;
iv)识别所获得的值是否位于所述聚合物纳米复合材料的阻抗相关性和压力之间的以电阻率变化来表示的线性响应之外。
在本发明的优选实施例中,所述眼镜的聚合物纳米复合材料2是聚碳酸酯基底上的分子导体(BET)2IxBr3-x,其给出在以下图3中限定的线性响应。
外部接触电极之间的直流值典型地在10μA到100μA之间。
在步骤iv)中识别所获得的值是否超出根据本发明限定的聚合物纳米复合材料的线性响应范围通过遥测法传送到接收单元(UR)7,即通过射频(RF)或导线发送到PC或PDA(个人设备助理)来实现。
根据本发明的第二方面,测量眼压的方法的步骤iv)是确定疾病(已知为青光眼)存在的必要步骤,该步骤在人或动物体的外部进行。
在第三方面,本发明还涉及包括所述传感器隐形眼镜的遥测系统。该系统的特征在于,其包括根据权利要求1到8中的任一权利要求的传感器隐形眼镜、用于通过射频(RF)或导线接收数据的接收单元(7),将信息发送到PC或PDA类型的数据处理单元(8)用于对数据进行处理、存储和可视化。
本发明的实施例
以下示例性实施例描述了本发明的非侵入式眼压(IOP)监控的系统和在人或动物中使用的方法。
用于本发明的非侵入式IOP监控系统的实现目标是允许连续监控(例如24小时),以评估整个一天中发生的、能够按小时(生理节律)或由于药物作用而完整标记的压力变化。利用特定测量法难以或不可能检测到这些波动。本发明的这种传感器监控非常精确并与先前已知的其它系统在生理上不同。作为本系统的目标的人主要是易患青光眼的人,对于青光眼而言,波动非常重要。
PIO测量系统的描述
该实例使用本发明的IOP监控系统,包括以下配置:
用于非侵入式测量IOP的传感器隐形眼镜,由根据图1的具有导线的传感器隐形眼镜模型构成。标准的眼镜切口平行于眼镜的基部,留出附着有透明的有机聚合物纳米复合材料的直径为6mm的周界,并存在4个直径为3mm、间隔为1mm金电极。所述电极通过导线连接到测量系统。
使用用于测量传感器材料的强度的四线设备(例如,Agilent 34970A万用表数字源表、Keithley 2400数字源表、Keithley 2601数字源表)。在两个外部电极(I+和I-)之间注入10μA到100μA之间的电流(DC),测量内部电极(V+和V-)之间的电压差。
所获得的值显示出与压力变化(毫米汞柱)有关的阻抗变化(Ω)。根据图3中所示的针对聚碳酸酯基底上的(BET-TTF)2IxBr3-x的分子导体中的聚合物纳米复合材料的阻抗-压力相关表,这些值与压力值有关。
方法描述
校准
在将其放进眼睛之前,使用标准装备(Goldmann压平眼压测量法)对IOP进行测量,并且自系统监控相对压力值开始将该IOP值作为参考值。
处理和测量:
然后像普通的隐形眼镜那样对传感器隐形眼镜进行放置。该实例使用导线模型,因此需要考虑将导线引导至眼睛的外沿,使得眼睑能够不受干扰地打开与闭合。
该导线从聚合物纳米复合材料2连接至仪表。将24小时记录数据。数据被转发给PC用于存储、过滤和分析。
值的计算
最后,在利用所记录的初始绝对值校准的24小时图上显示数据。
IOP的正常值由于生理节律而在一天中波动。IOP值在10到21mmHg之间。峰值或超出基本值的眼压增加将带来对患者的治疗的改变,以避免伤害视神经。
在监控期间,由于传感器眼镜是透明的,因此患者的视力保持正常。
在结合遥测技术(参见图2)的模型中,人能够继续其日常的生活,并且该IOP测量甚至更好地反应被测量IOP的人的正常生理状态。
Claims (11)
1.一种传感器隐形眼镜,用于非侵入式地监控眼压(IOP),其特征在于,该传感器隐形眼镜包括:截顶隐形眼镜(1),其截面与所述隐形眼镜的基部平行;以及聚合物纳米复合材料(2),其设置在中央并附着于被截区域的周边,所述材料对压力变化敏感、生物相容且透明,并包括接触电极(3),以及,所述传感器隐形眼镜还包括用于将IOP测量数据传送到外部系统的装置。
2.根据权利要求1所述的传感器隐形眼镜,其中所述聚合物纳米复合材料由以下获得:
i)有机材料层,由包括分子A和掺杂剂D的至少一种盐或导电复合物构成,所述分子A为有机分子或大分子,是能够形成盐或导电复合物的电子施主或电子受主,但是在不掺杂的情况下不具有导电性,所述掺杂剂D是电子受主或电子施主化合物,其能够与分子或大分子A形成盐或导电复合物;以及
ii)基底或聚合物基,与所述有机材料层i)密切接触,其中所述基底对于所述有机材料层i)呈现惰性。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的传感器隐形眼镜,其中所述聚合物纳米复合材料(2)基于聚碳酸酯聚合物基上的(BET-TTF)2IxBr3-x。
4.根据权利要求1所述的传感器隐形眼镜,其中所述截顶隐形眼镜(1)由聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯制成。
5.根据权利要求1所述的传感器隐形眼镜,其中所述传送IOP测量数据的装置包括导线(4)或者是集成电路(5)和天线(6)。
6.根据权利要求1和5所述的传感器隐形眼镜,其中所述天线(6)位于截顶隐形眼镜(1)中。
7.根据权利要求6所述的传感器隐形眼镜,其中所述天线(6)由铂、金或所述聚合物纳米复合材料制成。
8.根据权利要求1所述的传感器隐形眼镜,其中所述接触电极(3)是用于提供直流电的两个外部电极和用于测量差分电压的两个内部电极。
9.一种使用根据权利要求1到8中任一权利要求的传感器隐形眼镜来测量眼压(IOP)的方法,包括以下步骤:
i)将所述传感器隐形眼镜放置在眼睛里,用以确定眼压;
ii)在外部接触电极之间提供直流电;
iii)测量内部接触电极之间的差分电压ΔV;
iv)识别所获得的值是否位于所述聚合物纳米复合材料的阻抗和压力的相关性之间的以电阻率变化来表示的线性响应之外。
10.根据权利要求9所述的用于测量眼压(IOP)的方法,其中,所述聚合物纳米复合材料基于聚碳酸酯聚合物基底上的分子导体(BET-TTF)2IxBr3-x,获得图3中限定的线性响应。
11.一种用于监控眼压的系统,其特征在于包括:根据权利要求1到8中任一权利要求的传感器隐形眼镜;以及数据接收单元(7),该数据接收单元(7)通过射频(RF)或导线将信息发送到PC或PDA(8)类型的数据处理单元,用于数据处理、存储和可视化。
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- 2009-06-05 WO PCT/ES2009/070205 patent/WO2009147277A1/es active Application Filing
- 2009-06-05 EP EP09757656A patent/EP2305100A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2009-06-05 US US12/996,300 patent/US20110184271A1/en not_active Abandoned
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CN110095885A (zh) * | 2012-01-26 | 2019-08-06 | 庄臣及庄臣视力保护公司 | 包括堆叠式集成元件的通电眼科镜片 |
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CN114253008A (zh) * | 2021-12-20 | 2022-03-29 | 电子科技大学 | 一种智能隐形眼镜及其制备方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2330405B1 (es) | 2010-09-21 |
EP2305100A1 (en) | 2011-04-06 |
EP2305100A4 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
ES2330405A1 (es) | 2009-12-09 |
JP2011521759A (ja) | 2011-07-28 |
WO2009147277A1 (es) | 2009-12-10 |
US20110184271A1 (en) | 2011-07-28 |
CA2726935A1 (en) | 2009-12-10 |
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