CN102093279A - 高稳定非离子n-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘及相关制备方法 - Google Patents

高稳定非离子n-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘及相关制备方法 Download PDF

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CN102093279A
CN102093279A CN201110002653XA CN201110002653A CN102093279A CN 102093279 A CN102093279 A CN 102093279A CN 201110002653X A CN201110002653X A CN 201110002653XA CN 201110002653 A CN201110002653 A CN 201110002653A CN 102093279 A CN102093279 A CN 102093279A
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vinyl butyrate
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CN102093279B (zh
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王宇
陈占
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Shanghai Yuang Waterborne New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
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SHANGHAI YUKING CHEMTECH CO Ltd
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法,将非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺、碘和助磨剂在50℃~90℃温度下以50~800r/min搅拌1~12小时制备而成,其中非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺的K值为32±1,主峰PD值≤1.6,水份≤2.5%,较佳地,助磨剂选自氯化钠、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钠和磷酸钠中的一种或几种,助磨剂的加入量为非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺和碘的总量的0.02~2%,非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺是PVP-K32,还提供了上述方法制备的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘,本发明的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘稳定性高,从而利于长期贮存和使用,适于大规模推广应用。

Description

高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘及相关制备方法
技术领域
本发明涉及化合物技术领域,更具体地,涉及非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘技术领域,特别是指一种高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘及相关制备方法。
背景技术
非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘(PVP-I)为黄棕色至红棕色的无定形粉末,是由非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺(PVP)与碘络合形成的一种不定型络合碘,是碘伏的一种。PVP-I是一种优秀的消毒剂,我国1990年版药典开始收载。可以保持较长时间的杀菌力,为广谱的强力杀菌消毒剂,对病毒、细菌、真菌及霉菌孢子都有较强的杀灭作用,被中国药典批准为人体可直接使用的消毒杀菌剂。
非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺(PVP)为非离子型表面活性剂,本身无抗菌作用,但可提高碘的溶解度,有助于提高碘溶液对物体的润湿和穿透能力,使得有效碘对细胞膜的亲和力增强,能将有效碘直接引入到细菌的细胞膜、细胞质上,在几秒钟内立即杀灭细菌,进而增强了碘的杀菌能力,同时PVP-I还具有易溶于水,对皮肤、粘膜无刺激性、过敏和中毒现象,因而国内外评价甚好。而且PVP-I不仅可以作为水溶液使用,在某些特殊的场合还可以固体的形式被应用。这样使得PVP-I络合物被广泛应用于各个领域的杀菌、消毒,扩展了碘的使用范围,在国内外医院消毒中得到广泛的应用。
但是传统方法生产出来的PVP-I的稳定性不太理想,在贮存过程中由于易分解、升华而使其有效碘的含量有所降低达不到我们所要求的质量标准,特别是在夏天更不稳定,给长期贮存和使用带来不便。
因此,迫切需要提供一种高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘,其稳定性高,从而利于长期贮存和使用。
发明内容
本发明的主要目的就是针对以上存在的问题与不足,提供一种高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘及相关制备方法,该高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘稳定性高,从而利于长期贮存和使用,适于大规模推广应用。
为了解决上述目的,在本发明的第一方面,提供了一种高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法,其特点是,将非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺、碘和助磨剂在50℃~90℃温度下以150~800r/min搅拌1~12小时制备而成所述高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘,其中所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺的K值为32±1,主峰PD值≤1.6,水份≤2.5%。其中,碘可以是碘片也可以是碘粉,较佳地,碘选择碘粉。
上述反应时间通过记录开始反应时间,每隔半小时取样一次测其有效碘含量;反应进行到4h左右时产物的有效碘含量达到11.0%附近停止反应,因此,如需更高的有效碘含量,可以适当延长反应时间。
所述助磨剂可以采用任何合适的助磨剂。较佳地,所述助磨剂选自氯化钠、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钠和磷酸钠中的一种或几种。
本领域技术人员人员根据经验可以加入适量的所述助磨剂。较佳地,所述助磨剂的加入量为所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺和所述碘的总量的0.02~2%。
更佳地,所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺为42g,所述碘为8g,所述助磨剂为0.01~1.0g。
所述温度可以以任何合适的方式提供。较佳地,所述温度以油浴方式提供。
所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺可以通过任何合适的方式提供。较佳地,所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺通过将N-乙烯基丁内酰胺(NVP)、引发剂和水在55~80℃在惰性气体保护下反应0.5~8个小时后干燥获得。干燥可以采用例如真快干燥箱。引发剂可以采用例如偶氮二异丁氰。
所述惰性气体可以为任何合适的气体。更佳地,所述惰性气体为氮气。
所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺可以是任何满足条件K值为32±1,主峰PD值≤1.6,水份≤2.5%的非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺。较佳地,所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺是PVP-K32。
在本发明的第二方面,提供了一种高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘,其特点是,通过根据上述的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法制备获得。
本发明的有益效果在于:
1、本发明通过将非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺、碘和助磨剂在50℃~90℃温度下以150~800r/min搅拌1~12小时制备而成所述高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘,其中非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺的K值为32±1,主峰PD值≤1.6,水份≤2.5%,从而制成的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的稳定性高,从而利于长期贮存和使用,适于大规模推广应用。
2、本发明不使用常规PVPK30,而是采用K值为32±1,主峰PD值≤1.6,水份≤2.5%的非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺,例如上海宇昂化工科技发展有限公司生产的PVP-K32产品,相比常规PVPK30,PVP-K32其K值偏高,表征分子量分布的PD值较小,水份也较小;三者的综合作用保证了反应的完全进行。其原因为:较高K值的PVP分子链相对较长,活性点相应较多,而偏窄的分子量分布表示聚合物分布均匀,分子链的活性点分布规律。同时较小的水份使得PVPK32的流动性增强,在相同时间内能增加与碘反应的机率。三者的协同作用使得PVP与碘的络合完全,充分,同时稳定性增加。
具体实施方式
为了能够更清楚地理解本实用新型的技术内容,特举以下实施例详细说明。其中涉及的原料和设备如下:
实验原料:PVP-K32(药用级,K值32±1,主峰PD值≤1.6;水份≤2.5%,上海宇昂化工科技发展有限公司)、碘(99.5%,药用级,土库曼斯坦)、淀粉指示剂(自制)、硫代硫酸钠标准溶液(自制),柠檬酸钠(试剂级)。
仪器设备:
  仪器名称   型号   产地
  高速粉碎机   DFT-100   上海鼎广机械设备有限公司
  鼓风恒温干燥箱   DZF-6021   上海索谱仪器有限公司
  恒速搅拌器   S312   上海梅颖浦仪器仪表制造有限公司
  电子分析天平   FA2004   上海良平仪器仪表有限公司
  恒温水浴锅   RE-205   巩义市英裕予华仪器厂
  碱式滴定管   50ml   上海禾汽玻璃仪器有限公司
采用的相关测试方法如下:
有效碘测试:样品的浓度可参照中国药典方法测定浓度。本实验采用美国药典测其有效碘含量:称取样品约1g,精密称定置于烧杯中,加水适量搅拌使其全部溶解后转入100ml容量瓶中,用移液管精密量取样品溶液20ml 2份至碘量瓶中,用硫代硫酸钠标准滴定液(0.1mol/L)滴定,近淡黄色时滴加适量淀粉指示剂继续用硫代硫酸钠滴至蓝色消失,记录所用硫代硫酸钠的体积并计算样品的有效碘含量。
稳定性测试:采用加速性实验,精确称取一定量样品配置成1%含量的溶液,移取适量于碘量瓶中,在85℃下放置15h后测其有效碘含量,计算有效碘降低比例。
实施例1
准确称量8.0g已粉碎的碘粉和42.0gPVP-K30同时加入250ml三口烧瓶中,在油浴温度80℃,搅拌器以150r/min的速度条件下进行反应约4h。
实施例2
准确称量8.0g已粉碎的碘粉和42.0gPVP-K32同时加入250ml三口烧瓶中,在油浴温度80℃,搅拌器以150r/min的速度条件下进行反应约4h。
实施例3
准确称量8.0g已粉碎的碘粉、42.0gPVP-K30和0.5g柠檬酸钠同时加入250ml三口烧瓶中,在油浴温度80℃,搅拌器以800r/min的速度条件下进行反应约4h。
实施例4
准确称量8.0g已粉碎的碘粉、42.0gPVP-K32和0.5g柠檬酸钠同时加入250ml三口烧瓶中,在油浴温度80℃,搅拌器以800r/min的速度条件下进行反应约4h。
实施例5
准确称量8.0g已粉碎的碘粉、42.0gPVP-K32和0.01g柠檬酸钠、0.5g碳酸钠同时加入250ml三口烧瓶中,在油浴温度50℃,搅拌器以400r/min的速度条件下进行反应约1h。
实施例6
准确称量8.0g已粉碎的碘粉、42.0gPVP-K32和1.0g柠檬酸钠同时加入250ml三口烧瓶中,在油浴温度90℃,搅拌器以800r/min的速度条件下进行反应约12h。
上述实施例1-6制备的PVPI的有效碘及稳定性测试结果如下:
表11%PVPI溶液在85℃下贮存15h有效碘含量稳定性
  编号   初始有效碘含量(%)  15h后有效碘含量(%)   有效碘变化值(%)
 实施例1   11.15   8.59   -22.96
 实施例2   11.21   10.03   -10.52
 实施例3   11.27   10.65   -5.47
 实施例4   11.32   10.96   -3.11
 实施例5   11.19   10.82 -3.22
 实施例6   11.22   10.86   -3.17
注:有效碘含量均以干品计。
从以上表中稳定性数据结果表明,加入助磨剂柠檬酸钠制备出的PVPI样品的稳定性远远高于不加助磨剂生产出的普通PVPI粉。其原因为:加入的柠檬酸钠起到助磨剂作用,促进了碘与PVP-K32之间的接触使得内摩擦加剧,从而造成络合充分,生成的PVPI更加稳定;二是上海宇昂公司生产的高活性PVPK32产品相比其它生产厂家的PVPK30,其K值偏高,表征分子量分布的PD值较小,水份也较小;三者的综合作用保证了反应的完全进行。其原因为:较高K值的PVP分子链相对较长,活性点相应较多,而偏窄的分子量分布表示聚合物分布均匀,分子链的活性点分布规律。同时较小的水份使得PVPK32的流动性增强,在相同时间内能增加与碘反应的机率。三者的协同作用使得PVP与碘的络合完全,充分,同时稳定性增加。
因此,采用分子量为K32的PVP原料,要求PD值小于1.6,水分小于2.5;这是制备稳定PVPI的关键因素,助磨剂可以选自氯化钠、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钠和磷酸钠中的一种或几种。用本法制备的PVPI粉有效碘含量可达到11%以上,稳定性大大增加,保质期达到三年以上。能完全满足市场要求。而且用此PVPI样品制备的溶液保存时间大大延长,有利于PVPI消毒剂的长时间贮存。
综上所述,本发明的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘稳定性高,从而利于长期贮存和使用,适于大规模推广应用。
在此说明书中,本发明已参照其特定的实施例作了描述。但是,很显然仍可以作出各种修改和变换而不背离本发明的精神和范围。因此,说明书应被认为是说明性的而非限制性的。

Claims (9)

1.一种高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法,其特征在于,将非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺、碘和助磨剂在50℃~90℃温度下以150~800r/min搅拌1~12小时制备而成所述高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘,其中所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺的K值为32±1,主峰PD值≤1.6,水份≤2.5%。
2.根据权利要求1所述的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法,其特征在于,所述助磨剂选自氯化钠、柠檬酸钠、碳酸钠和磷酸钠中的一种或几种。
3.根据权利要求1所述的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法,其特征在于,所述助磨剂的加入量为所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺和所述碘的总量的0.02~2%。
4.根据权利要求3所述的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法,其特征在于,所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺为42g,所述碘为8g,所述助磨剂为0.01~1.0g。
5.根据权利要求1所述的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法,其特征在于,所述温度以油浴方式提供。
6.根据权利要求1所述的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法,其特征在于,所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺通过将N-乙烯基丁内酰胺、引发剂和水在55~80℃在惰性气体保护下反应0.5~8小时后干燥获得。
7.根据权利要求6所述的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法,其特征在于,所述惰性气体为氮气。
8.根据权利要求1所述的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法,其特征在于,所述非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺是PVP-K32。
9.一种高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘,其特征在于,通过根据权利要求1~8中任一所述的高稳定非离子N-乙烯基丁内酰胺碘的制备方法制备获得。
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