CN102090295A - Technology for improving fruit setting rate of greenhouse fruit trees - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a technology for improving the fruit setting rates of greenhouse fruit trees, relates to cultivation technology, and belongs to the technical field of green plant cultivation. According to the fruit tree habits and climate conditions, technologies of fertilizing, trimming, applying hormone, meeting the requirement of low temperature, buckling a greenhouse at the right time, gradually heating, topdressing, spraying a boron fertilizer in a flowering phase, assisting pollinating and the like are adopted, so the fruit setting rates of the greenhouse fruit trees can be effectively improved, and the yield of the fruit trees and the economical benefit of peasants can be improved.

Description

Improve the technology of canopy chamber fruit tree fruit-setting rate

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of culture technique, be specifically related to improve the technology of canopy chamber fruit tree fruit-setting rate, belong to green plants culture technique field.

Background technology

In the northern area of China, the planting patterns that winter warm type canopy chamber planting fruit trees is a kind of small investment, income is high is particularly useful for fruit trees such as cherry, grape, nectarine, plum, apricot.But owing to plant in winter, spring in the north, often be subjected to ground temperature at the bottom of, climate reasons such as illumination deficiency influences, can cause the fruit tree fruit-setting rate low, and then influence the raising of output and economic benefit.

Summary of the invention

In order to address the above problem, the invention provides a kind of technology that improves canopy chamber fruit tree fruit-setting rate, by understanding to fruit tree habit and weather conditions, take to apply fertilizer, prune, use hormone, satisfy low temperature, detain canopy in good time, technology such as slowly intensification, top dressing, florescence spray boron and supplementary pollination, improve canopy chamber fruit tree fruit-setting rate, and then improve output of the fruit tree and peasant economy income.

The present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions: a kind of technology that improves canopy chamber fruit tree fruit-setting rate, this technology comprises fertilising, prunes, uses hormone, satisfies low temperature, detains canopy in good time, slowly intensification, top dressing, florescence spray boron and supplementary pollination etc., and concrete grammar is as follows:

(1) the clay fertilizer management is strengthened in fertilising before the button canopy, canopy is planted fruit tree should select phosphoric acid class chemical fertilizer, can join little fertilizer such as executing zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer in right amount, because the eluviation of natural precipitation reduces in the canopy, the availability of inorganic fertilizer improves, and the amount of application of chemical fertilizer is that 1/2～2/3 under the natural conditions get final product; Applying organic manure should be ploughed deeply in conjunction with soil before the button canopy and apply, and executes about 5000 kilograms, fully waters after the fertilising for general 1/15 hectare; After fruit tree stops growing, in time impose phosphorus potash fertilizer, promote nutrient accumulation;

(2) prune,, promote ventilation and penetrating light, improve photosynthetic condition the fruit tree moderate pruning;

(3) use hormone, before by the end of August, 2～3 paclobutrazols of fruit tree foliage-spray stop to take out an autumn growth; Alar-85 at spending of fruit tree spray in preceding 10～15 days 2000 * 10-6 can improve fruit-setting rate;

(4) satisfy low temperature,, can cause flower bud differentiation inhomogeneous, cause fruit-setting rate low, so the time of canopy chamber fruit tree lid canopy film can not be too early if can not satisfy the needed cryogenic conditions of fruit tree dormancy;

(5) detain canopy in good time,, after fruit tree is finished natural dormancy, could detain canopy in conjunction with local weather conditions and fruit tree habit;

(6) slowly heat up, behind the canopy chamber cap canopy film, note ventilating, it is too fast not allow canopy temperature rise, and prevents that bud from sprouting too urgently, makes the fruit-setting rate reduction;

(7) top dressing, behind the fruit blossom about 10 days, every the urea of two weeks spray 1～2 time 0.2%～0.3% and 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor, the time of spraying should carry out in the calm dusk or cloudy day;

(8) florescence spray boron can effectively improve fruit-setting rate at the borax of fruit tree full-bloom stage spray one time 0.3%～0.5% or 1% Boratex;

(9) supplementary pollination must adhere in canopy that the florescence puts honeybee and artificial pollination combines, and improves fruit-setting rate; Florescence puts honeybee will accomplish that a fruit tree canopy chamber can put 2～4 casees honeybees or 120～180 wall honeybees; Artificial pollination is preferably adopted and is a little awarded method;

(10) flower thinning is surely really measured dense place and is carried out artificial quantity adjustment flower, fruit, and the position, place is evenly distributed, load is suitable so that make as a result.

The invention has the beneficial effects as follows: by understanding fruit tree habit and weather conditions, take to apply fertilizer, prune, use hormone, satisfy low temperature, detain canopy in good time, technology such as slowly intensification, top dressing, florescence spray boron and supplementary pollination, canopy chamber fruit tree fruit-setting rate be can effectively improve, and then output of the fruit tree and peasant economy income improved.

Embodiment

The present invention is further described below in conjunction with embodiment.

A kind of technology that improves canopy chamber fruit tree fruit-setting rate comprises fertilising, prunes, uses hormone, satisfies low temperature, detains canopy in good time, slowly intensification, top dressing, florescence spray boron and supplementary pollination etc., and concrete grammar is as follows:

(1) the clay fertilizer management is strengthened in fertilising before the button canopy, canopy is planted fruit tree should select phosphoric acid class chemical fertilizer, can join little fertilizer such as executing zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer in right amount, because the eluviation of natural precipitation reduces in the canopy, the availability of inorganic fertilizer improves, and the amount of application of chemical fertilizer is 1/2 under the natural conditions; Applying organic manure should be ploughed deeply in conjunction with soil before the button canopy and apply, and executes about 5000 kilograms, fully waters after the fertilising for general 1/15 hectare; After fruit tree stops growing, in time impose phosphorus potash fertilizer, promote nutrient accumulation;

(2) prune,, promote ventilation and penetrating light, improve photosynthetic condition the fruit tree moderate pruning;

(3) use hormone, before by the end of August, 2 paclobutrazols of fruit tree foliage-spray stop to take out an autumn growth; Alar-85 at spending of fruit tree spray in preceding 10 days 2000 * 10-6 can improve fruit-setting rate;

(4) satisfy low temperature,, can cause flower bud differentiation inhomogeneous, cause fruit-setting rate low, so the time of canopy chamber fruit tree lid canopy film can not be too early if can not satisfy the needed cryogenic conditions of fruit tree dormancy;

(5) detain canopy in good time,, after fruit tree is finished natural dormancy, could detain canopy in conjunction with local weather conditions and fruit tree habit;

(6) slowly heat up, behind the canopy chamber cap canopy film, note ventilating, it is too fast not allow canopy temperature rise, and prevents that bud from sprouting too urgently, makes the fruit-setting rate reduction;

(7) top dressing, behind the fruit blossom about 10 days, every the urea of two weeks spray 2 times 0.2% and 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor, the time that sprays carried out in the calm dusk or cloudy day;

(8) florescence spray boron, the borax fruit tree full-bloom stage spray one time 0.5% effectively improves fruit-setting rate;

(9) supplementary pollination must adhere in canopy that the florescence puts honeybee and artificial pollination combines, and improves fruit-setting rate; Florescence puts honeybee will accomplish that a fruit tree canopy chamber puts 3 casees honeybees; Artificial pollination is preferably adopted and is a little awarded method;

(10) flower thinning is surely really measured dense place and is carried out artificial quantity adjustment flower, fruit, and the position, place is evenly distributed, load is suitable so that make as a result.

Claims (1)

1. technology that improves canopy chamber fruit tree fruit-setting rate is characterized in that: this technology comprises fertilising, prunes, uses hormone, satisfies low temperature, detains canopy in good time, slowly intensification, top dressing, florescence spray boron and supplementary pollination etc., and concrete grammar is as follows:

(1) the clay fertilizer management is strengthened in fertilising before the button canopy, canopy is planted fruit tree should select phosphoric acid class chemical fertilizer, can join little fertilizer such as executing zinc fertilizer, boron fertilizer in right amount, because the eluviation of natural precipitation reduces in the canopy, the availability of inorganic fertilizer improves, and the amount of application of chemical fertilizer is that 1/2～2/3 under the natural conditions get final product; Applying organic manure should be ploughed deeply in conjunction with soil before the button canopy and apply, and executes about 5000 kilograms, fully waters after the fertilising for general 1/15 hectare; After fruit tree stops growing, in time impose phosphorus potash fertilizer, promote nutrient accumulation;

(2) prune,, promote ventilation and penetrating light, improve photosynthetic condition the fruit tree moderate pruning;

(3) use hormone, before by the end of August, 2～3 paclobutrazols of fruit tree foliage-spray stop to take out an autumn growth; Alar-85 at spending of fruit tree spray in preceding 10～15 days 2000 * 10-6 can improve fruit-setting rate;

(4) satisfy low temperature,, can cause flower bud differentiation inhomogeneous, cause fruit-setting rate low, so the time of canopy chamber fruit tree lid canopy film can not be too early if can not satisfy the needed cryogenic conditions of fruit tree dormancy;

(5) detain canopy in good time,, after fruit tree is finished natural dormancy, could detain canopy in conjunction with local weather conditions and fruit tree habit;

(6) slowly heat up, behind the canopy chamber cap canopy film, note ventilating, it is too fast not allow canopy temperature rise, and prevents that bud from sprouting too urgently, makes the fruit-setting rate reduction;

(7) top dressing, behind the fruit blossom about 10 days, every the urea of two weeks spray 1～2 time 0.2%～0.3% and 0.2%～0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate mixed liquor, the time of spraying should carry out in the calm dusk or cloudy day;

(8) florescence spray boron can effectively improve fruit-setting rate at the borax of fruit tree full-bloom stage spray one time 0.3%～0.5% or 1% Boratex;

(9) supplementary pollination must adhere in canopy that the florescence puts honeybee and artificial pollination combines, and improves fruit-setting rate; Florescence puts honeybee will accomplish that a fruit tree canopy chamber can put 2～4 casees honeybees or 120～180 wall honeybees; Artificial pollination is preferably adopted and is a little awarded method;

(10) flower thinning is surely really measured dense place and is carried out artificial quantity adjustment flower, fruit, and the position, place is evenly distributed, load is suitable so that make as a result.