CN102083607A - 增加模铸组件中塑料和金属之间的粘结稳定性的可热活化粘合剂 - Google Patents
增加模铸组件中塑料和金属之间的粘结稳定性的可热活化粘合剂 Download PDFInfo
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- CN102083607A CN102083607A CN2009801259862A CN200980125986A CN102083607A CN 102083607 A CN102083607 A CN 102083607A CN 2009801259862 A CN2009801259862 A CN 2009801259862A CN 200980125986 A CN200980125986 A CN 200980125986A CN 102083607 A CN102083607 A CN 102083607A
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种至少局部由金属形成的组件,其中环绕至少部分金属区域注塑热塑性聚合物层,在所述塑料层和金属区域之间至少局部布置由可热活化弹性材料构成的助粘剂层,所述弹性材料至少在其面对塑料层的那面是可热活化的,以便在金属区域和塑料层之间产生粘接。
Description
发明概要
本发明描述制造组件的方法,所述组件至少部分由金属构成,并且至少局部被聚合物环绕,在聚合物和金属之间布置有助粘剂。所用的助粘剂为可热活化粘合剂。
所述方法包括:首先将可热活化粘合剂施涂至金属,然后注入聚合物,结果,由于此操作,可热活化粘合剂的交联反应得以引发,并由此可以在聚合物和金属之间产生非常高的结合强度。
通过注塑方法制备组件已经得到很好地确立。原则上使用该方法由模塑组合物制备聚合物模制品。例如,通过注塑机塑化粉末或颗粒形式的注塑组合物并在高压下注入注塑模具的赋形模腔中。典型的注塑机由注塑单元构成,该注塑单元包括加热筒,射料杆(plungers)或螺杆射料杆,和储集容器及驱动组合装置,该注塑单元计量和塑化模塑组合物并将其注入密闭的模具中。注塑机进一步包括关闭和打开模具的合模单元。
注塑方法的另一优点是在一步操作中将两个或更多个组分合并在一起的能力,其中相同或相异的材料均得以彼此结合。在这方面,可以参考杂混复合技术(hybrid technique)及嵌件模塑和金属嵌件注塑技术(insert and outsert technique),该技术允许将金属结构体插入注塑模具中。这使得金属结构体被重叠注塑或者通过注塑被热塑性塑料环绕注塑(surround-mold)。
嵌件模塑技术(insert technique)指将金属部件嵌入模具中。其它部件如螺纹套筒(thread bushes)插入模具,然后将聚合物模塑组合物注入它们的周围。例如,在插入部件上进行直接环绕注塑,该插入部件例如为球轴承、金属片支撑物或电气组件。在重量和体积方面,聚合物部分超出金属占主导地位。与嵌件模塑技术相对照地,金属嵌件注塑技术基于支持板(support board),该支持板通常是金属的并插入模具中,并且在尺寸稳定性、硬度和强度方面需要满足苛刻的要求。然后可以将由聚合物制得的不同功能的元件和连接元件注入支撑板中冲压出的容纳孔内,形成阳锁合(positive lock),所述不同功能的元件和连接元件例如为,轴承、滑道、按钮联接器(snap connections)、制动器停止部件(stops)和螺旋插件(screw insertions)。
注塑的聚合物/金属复合体(hybrid)增效利用了所包含的粘结搭档的性质,由此允许合理制造多功能、轻质的结构体。当采用此技术时,每种材料各自优点的结合是目的。因此,例如,通过施加适宜的聚合物结构,可以使薄壁金属片材型材变硬,对于特定应用将聚合物组件比重较低的优点和金属组件相关的性质相结合。为了增加复合结构的机械牢固性,目标应针对组件之间的力的传递和分布的最优化。此处一种可行方式是使聚合物熔体渗透到金属部件的开孔中并形成持久、坚固的粘结。
一般而言,这种部件例如用于制造汽车制造中的车体部件如车身前端,或者用于包覆在插塞外壳中的金属销,以及还用于电子开关器件。一种新的应用趋势是用于手机。近年来,设计已经趋向于更加扁平的模式。结果,对所使用的聚合物的要求变得越来越高。因此,聚合物正变得更加坚硬。这可以通过新型聚合物配制物或通过在这些聚合物中的金属增强物成为可能。
然而,如此迫切需要的金属增强的材料无法如此简单地制造。使用上述的制造方法,在熔体中在界面,即温度远低于热塑性聚合物的聚合物界面,当热塑性聚合物接触金属时,在此界面和金属成形在一起。结果,形成快速冷却的热塑性聚合物的薄壳。然而,此层和金属的粘附力非常弱。随后,伴随着注塑模具的冷却,组件体积减小。但是,作为此收缩的结果,进而产生应力,并使得聚合物和金属发生至少部分分离。因此,在金属和聚合物之间存在夹带的空气,这又进一步降低了粘附力。由于此不足的粘附力,几乎不可能在聚合物和金属之间施加拉伸和剪切应力。
另一问题是金属和聚合物之间的热膨胀系数的差异。这在制造过程可能出现问题,因为在操作中,金属和聚合物之间存在的应力再次额外增大。然而,如果在短时间内对组件施加不同的温度,由此引起应力上升,这也可能带来问题。
为了使间隙(gaps)降至最小,现有技术将基于有机硅或环氧树脂的铸塑组合物(casting composition)引入金属和聚合物之间的间隙中。该组合物能够流动和固化,并且在优化的条件下,也能够在金属和聚合物之间产生粘附力。
在现有技术中,为了密封的目的还将热熔粘合剂施涂至金属。此时,该热熔粘合剂附着在金属上,随后注入的聚合物附着于该热熔粘合剂上。然而,该方法的缺点是热熔粘合剂没有交联,因此仅具有有限的耐溶剂性和热强度。
从US 6,494,983中还知晓热塑性涂层用于金属基材的用途。在此,将钢容器配置热塑性聚合物层,而不是PVC衬里。然而,该热塑性衬里对扩散物不密封,因此,当存在浸入介质时,可引起底层金属的腐蚀。因此,为了防腐,该金属配置热固性防腐剂,但热塑性聚合物不附着于该热固性材料。因此,将一部分热塑性聚合物粉末加入该热固性材料中,结果,在后面的聚合物涂布中,在防腐物质和聚合物之间产生粘附力。
在WO 2005 061203中,描述了这一方案的发展。此文献描述的是一种在聚合物和金属层之间提供热塑性助粘剂的方法。该助粘剂的弹性使得金属和聚合物之间的应力可以得到补偿和减少。然而,该助粘剂的熔点等于或低于聚合物的熔点。此热塑性助粘剂可以具有一层或两层结构。然而,所述方法已经说明了其固有的缺点,例如,优选用作助粘剂的热塑性材料有吸水倾向。在用聚合物熔体涂布期间,这导致水汽的形成,进而引起空气夹带,因此使得金属和聚合物之间的粘附力降至最小。因此,该热塑性塑料必须通过惰性气体钟罩(bell)保护以防氧气和水分。在局部粘结的情形中,另一缺点是热塑性助粘剂表现出的尺寸稳定性不足。因此,热塑性助粘剂以熔体状态存在,这与极低的粘度相关。当注塑组件随后冷却时,收缩产生内压,导致热塑性助粘剂流出。此外,这可引起热塑性助粘剂分布不均。热塑性助粘剂的另一缺点是它们的硬度,以便实现高的结合强度。这对提到的热固性材料同样如此,然而,在手机方面此结合强度是特别关键的。在此,进行许多次下落测试(drop test),因此在金属和聚合物组装体之间的助粘剂应该同样具有良好的减震性能和弹性。
上述缺点清楚地显示,对于金属/聚合物组装体,需要改进这种注塑方法。
令人惊讶地发现,在金属和聚合物之间使用特定的可热活化粘合剂作为助粘剂可以显著改进这些注塑方法。
权利要求1说明了很好满足提出的技术挑战的组件。
本发明涉及至少局部由金属形成的组件,至少部分金属区域被注入的热塑性聚合物层环绕,在所述聚合物层和金属区域之间至少局部布置助粘剂层,该助粘剂层至少在其面对所述聚合物层的那面由可热活化弹性材料构成,此助粘剂层在金属区域和聚合物层之间起着材料锁(material lock)的作用,所述弹性助粘剂由以下物质构成:
●至少30wt%但不大于70wt%的天然橡胶和/或合成橡胶组分,
●至少30wt%但不大于70wt%的至少一种反应性树脂组分,
在高于120℃的温度,所述反应性树脂组分与自身,与其它反应性树脂组分或与天然橡胶和/或合成橡胶引发交联反应。
从属权利要求涉及本发明的其它有利的实施方式,并且还涉及该方法的描述。在本发明的另一优选实施方式中,该反应性树脂组分还具有参与和聚合物化学反应的能力,该聚合物将通过注塑进行加工。
可热活化的弹性助粘剂
可热活化的弹性助粘剂粘合剂可以划分为两类:
a)基于天然橡胶的助粘剂
b)基于合成橡胶的助粘剂。
对于基于天然橡胶的助粘剂,将天然橡胶研磨至分子量(重均)不低于约100 000道尔顿,优选不低于500 000道尔顿,以及加添加剂。
使用橡胶作为助粘剂的原料,存在许多变化的可能性。也可以将天然橡胶和合成橡胶共混。
对于天然橡胶,根据所要求的纯度等级和粘度等级,原则上可以使用所有可利用的等级,例如,皱片、RSS、ADS、TSR或CV类型。
优选从以下物质选择一种或多种合成橡胶:无规共聚的苯乙烯-丁二烯橡胶(SBR)、丁二烯橡胶(BR)、合成的聚异戊二烯(IR)、丁基橡胶(IIR)、卤化的丁基橡胶(XIIR)、丁腈橡胶或丙烯酸酯橡胶(ACM)。
但是,当然也可以使用本领域技术人员已知的所有其它天然和合成的橡胶以制备粘合剂,例如,Donatas Satas在“Handbook of Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Technology”(van Nostrand,New York 1989)中所列类型的粘合剂。
在一种非常优选的方案中,所述助粘剂基于丁腈橡胶或基于腈-丁二烯橡胶。
腈-丁二烯橡胶可利用的有Eni Chem的EuropreneTM,或Bayer的KrynacTM和PerbunanTM,或Zeon的BreonTM和NipolTM。氢化的腈-丁二烯橡胶可利用的有Bayer的TherbanTM和Zeon的ZetpolTM。在热或冷的条件下聚合腈-丁二烯橡胶,其中热配制的类型通常具有相对较高的支化程度,这通常有利于结合强度。这些类型优选为本发明助粘剂的一部分。
在本发明的一种非常优选的方案中,丁腈橡胶的丙烯腈含量为18wt%~51wt%。为了防止和反应性树脂发生完全的相分离,丙烯腈含量应该大于18wt%,再次基于全部含量。
丁腈橡胶的另一评判标准是门尼粘度。由于确保注塑过程必须保持高柔性,门尼粘度应该低于100(Mooney ML 1+4,100℃)。为了使助粘剂的尺寸稳定性最佳,门尼粘度应该高于50(Mooney ML 1+4,100℃)。这种丁腈橡胶的商品例包括,例如,Zeon Chemicals的NipolTMN917。
羧基-、胺基-、环氧基-或甲基丙烯酸酯基封端的腈-丁二烯橡胶可以用作添加组分。特别优选该弹性体的分子量Mw<20 000g/mol和丙烯腈含量为5wt%~30wt%。为了获得最佳共混性能,丙烯腈含量应该至少大于5%,再次基于弹性体的全部含量。
这种封端的丁腈橡胶的商品例包括,例如,Noveon的HycarTM。
对于羧基-封端的腈-丁二烯橡胶,优选使用羧酸值(carboxylic acid number)为15~45(非常优选为20~40)的橡胶。羧酸值以数字记录,为KOH的毫克数,这是为了提供羧酸的完全中和所需要的。
对于胺基-封端的腈-丁二烯橡胶,特别优选使用胺值为25~150,更优选为30~125的橡胶。胺值涉及用HCl的乙醇溶液滴定确定的胺当量。此胺值基于每100克橡胶的胺当量,但最后除以100。
在助粘剂中的反应性树脂的含量为70wt%~30wt%。一类非常优选的树脂组包括环氧树脂。对于聚合形式的环氧树脂,环氧树脂的分子量Mw为100g/mol到至多最大值10 000g/mol。
该环氧树脂包括,例如,甘油酯、表氯醇、表氯醇和双酚A的反应产物、表氯醇和对氨基苯酚的反应产物。
优选的商品例为得自Ciba Geigy的AralditeTM 6010、CY-281TM、ECNTM 1273、ECNTM 1280、MY 720、RD-2,得自Dow Chemical的DERTM 331、DERTM 732、DERTM 736、DENTM 432、DENTM 438、DENTM 485,得自Shell Chemical的EponTM 812、825、826、828、830、834、836、871、872、1001、1004、1031等,以及得自Shell Chemical的HPTTM 1071、HPTTM 1079等。
脂族环氧树脂的商品例为乙烯基环己烷二氧化物,例如得自Union Carbide Corp.的ERL-4206、ERL-4221、ERL-4201、ERL-4289和ERL-0400。
可以使用的线型酚醛清漆树脂的实例包括Celanese的Epi-RezTM 5132,Sumitomo Chemical的ESCN-001,Ciba Geigy的CY-281,Dow Chemical的DENTM 431、DENTM 438、QuatrexTM 5010,Nippon Kayaku的RE 305S,DaiNippon Ink Chemistry的EpiclonTM N673和Shell Chemical的EpicoteTM 152。
对于反应性树脂,还可以使用三聚氰胺树脂,例如得自Cytec的CymelTM 327和323。
对于反应性树脂,还可以使用萜烯酚醛树脂,例如,得自Arizona Chemical的NIREZTM 2019。
另外,在另一优选方案中,所用的反应性树脂还可以包括酚醛树脂,例如,Toto Kasei的YP 50,Union Carbide Corp.的PKHCTM,和Showa Union Gosei Corp.的BKRTM 2620。对于反应性树脂,也可以单独使用甲阶酚醛树脂或与其他酚醛树脂一起使用甲阶酚醛树脂。
对于反应性树脂,还可以使用聚异氰酸酯类树脂,例如,得自Nippon Polyurethan Ind.的CoronateTM L,得自Bayer的DesmodurTM N3300和MondurTM 489。
此外,在助粘剂的另一方案中,添加结合强度增强(增粘)树脂,非常有利的含量为至多20wt%,基于助粘剂混合物的总量。
可以用于添加的增粘树脂包括但不限于文献中描述的所有已知的增粘剂树脂。可提及的代表物包括蒎烯树脂、茚树脂和松香,它们的歧化、氢化、聚合和/或酯化衍生物及盐,脂族和芳族烃树脂、萜烯树脂和萜烯-酚醛树脂,还包括C5烃树脂、C9烃树脂及其他烃树脂。为了按照要求调节所得粘合剂的性能,可以使用这些树脂以及其他树脂的任何所需的组合。通常来说,可以使用与所述天然或合成橡胶可相容的(可溶解的)任何树脂,特别可以提及所有脂族、芳族和烷基芳族烃树脂、基于单一单体的烃树脂、氢化烃树脂、官能化烃树脂和天然树脂。特别可参照Bonatas Satas的“压敏粘合剂技术手册(Hanbbook of Pressure Sensitive Abhesive Technology)”(van Nostranb,1989)中的知识状况的介绍。
为了加速反应性树脂之间或反应性树脂和天然和/或合成橡胶之间的反应,还可以在混合物中任选添加交联剂和促进剂。
合适的促进剂的实例包括咪唑,可以购买的Shikoku Chem.Corp.的2M7、2E4MN、2PZ-CN、2PZ-CNS、P0505、L07N,或者Air Products的Curezol 2MZ。还适合作为交联剂的是HMTA(六亚甲基四胺)添加物。对于环氧化物的交联,也可以添加双氰胺。作为交联组分还合适的有二官能的或多官能的马来酸酐。
另外,还可以使用胺类,特别是叔胺用于加速交联。
除了反应性树脂之外,也可以使用增塑剂。此处,在本发明的一种优选方案中,可以使用基于以下化合物的增塑剂:聚二醇醚、聚环氧乙烷、磷酸酯、脂族羧酸酯、和苯甲酸酯。另外,也可以使用芳族羧酸酯、较高分子量二醇、磺酰胺、和己二酸酯。
此外,任选地,可以添加填料(实例为纤维、炭黑、氧化锌、二氧化钛、白垩、空心或实心玻璃珠、其他材料制成的微珠、硅石、硅酸盐),以及可以任选添加的其它组分包括成核剂、膨胀剂、粘附力增强添加剂和热塑性添加剂、混配剂(compounding agent)和/或老化抑制剂,该老化抑制剂例如为主抗氧化剂和辅助抗氧化剂的形式,或者为光稳定剂的形式。
在另一优选实施方式中,添加其它添加剂,例如,聚乙烯醇缩甲醛、聚丙烯酸酯橡胶、氯丁二烯橡胶、乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶、甲基-乙烯基-硅氧烷橡胶、氟代硅氧烷橡胶、四氟乙烯-丙烯共聚物橡胶、丁基橡胶。
可用的聚乙烯醇缩丁醛为得自Solucia的ButvarTM,得自Wacker的PioloformTM和得自Kuraray的MowitalTM。可用的聚丙烯酸酯橡胶为得自Zeon的Nipol ARTM。可用的氯丁二烯橡胶为得自Bayer的BayprenTM。可用的乙烯-丙烯-二烯橡胶为得自DSM的KeltanTM,得自Exxon Mobil的VistalonTM和得自Bayer的Buna EPTM。可用的甲基-乙烯基-硅氧烷橡胶为得自Dow Corning的SilasticTM和得自GE Silicones的SiloprenTM。可用的氟代硅氧烷橡胶为得自GE Silicones的SilasticTM。可用的丁基橡胶为得自Exxon Mobil的Esso ButylTM。可用的聚乙烯醇缩甲醛为得自Ladd Research的FormvarTM。
在另一优选的实施方式中,添加添加剂,诸如选自如下聚合物的热塑性材料:聚氨酯、聚苯乙烯、丙烯腈-丁二烯-苯乙烯三元共聚物、聚酯、未塑化的聚氯乙烯、塑化的聚氯乙烯、聚甲醛、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚碳酸酯、氟化聚合物如聚四氟乙烯、聚酰胺、乙烯-醋酸乙烯酯、聚醋酸乙烯酯、聚酰亚胺、聚醚、共聚酰胺、共聚酯、聚烯烃如聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚丁烯、聚异丁烯,和聚(甲基)丙烯酸酯。此列举是非穷尽的。
助粘剂的结合强度可以通过其他有目的的添加得到提高。由此,例如,可以使用聚亚胺共聚物或聚乙酸乙烯酯共聚物作为结合强度增强添加物。
为了用作助粘剂,上述粘合剂配制物为膜的形式或为溶解的形式。对于在注塑过程中的操作,在防粘纸或防粘膜的全部区域上涂布助粘剂可能是有利的。助粘剂在室温下的压敏粘附性低,需要通过热活化。热使助粘剂转变为粘性状态,在一种非常优选的实施方式中,热引发反应性树脂的交联反应。对于本发明上述助粘剂的用途,还需要该助粘剂具有低于聚合物熔点Tm,A的活化温度,以通过注塑加工。活化温度定义为助粘剂在该温度以上表现出压敏粘性的温度。当助粘剂仅具有一个静态玻璃化转变温度Tg,A时,此温度应该同样低于待注塑加工的聚合物的Tm,A。当助粘剂仅具有两个或更多个静态玻璃化转变温度Tg,A时,则在一种方案中,至少最低的静态玻璃化转变温度Tg,A应该低于待注塑加工的聚合物的Tm,A,但特别优选至少两个静态玻璃化转变温度Tg,A应该低于待注塑加工的聚合物的Tm,A。
对于本发明的方法,在防粘膜或防粘纸上以膜形式的结构冲压助粘剂可以是有利的。在一种优选实施方式中,助粘剂的膜厚为10μm至10mm,更优选为25μm至1mm。
可以由溶液或由熔体制备助粘剂。为了转变成膜形式的结构,同样可以由溶液或由熔体进行涂布。
方法
在注塑中所选择的方法优选为杂混复合技术或嵌件模塑技术,也可以是金属嵌件注塑技术。可以用于反应的机器实例是Arburg Allrounder V。
在第一步骤中,对金属部件配置可热活化的助粘剂。在一种实施方式中,该金属部件例如在其整个区域配置有所述可热活化的助粘剂。例如,在扁平组件的情况中,这可以使用热辊层压机进行。另外,还可以包括加热压机,或者手动形式的熨斗。原则上可以使用任何能够施加温度和压力的装置。在特别优选的方案中,在防粘纸或防粘膜上存在可热活化的助粘剂。热活化之后,然后将助粘剂附着在金属组件上。根据设计,在用于注塑过程之前,该组件可能需要再次冲压。在配置有助粘剂的金属部件通过注塑环绕有聚合物之前,必须将仍存在的任何防粘纸或防粘膜从助粘剂除去。
在另一实施方式中,事先冲压出膜形式结构的可热活化的助粘剂,然后以冲压膜的形式施用至金属部件。对于此施用操作,再次需要热和压力。
在另一方案中,由溶液施用可热活化的助粘剂。在此情形,在最简单的情况中,将金属组件浸入可热活化的助粘剂的溶液中,随后在干燥操作中除去溶剂。然而,该操作也可以受控方式通过喷雾涂布或刮涂进行。
所有的施用方法应该仅施加最少小量的热能,以防止在此步骤中已经引发的反应性树脂的交联反应。在一些情形中,可能即使在没有加热时也足以布置上该可热活化的助粘剂,使其略微附着。
施用至金属区域的可热活化的助粘剂层的厚度根据特定的应用而变化,且可以介于10μm至几个毫米之间,在任何情形中,应该选择此厚度使得在热塑性聚合物的注塑操作期间,助粘剂在面对聚合物和金属的那面施加足以热活化的热量,以便获得金属、助粘剂层,和热塑性聚合物之间的最佳粘附。
在施用之后,至少局部配置有可热活化的助粘剂的金属部件用热塑性聚合物环绕注塑。
用于注塑过程的可行的热塑性聚合物包括,例如,聚苯乙烯、苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)的聚合物、丙烯酸类-丁二烯-苯乙烯(ABS),苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯(SBS)、丙烯腈-苯乙烯-丙烯腈(ASA)、尼龙6、尼龙6,6、聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯、聚甲醛、聚邻苯二甲酰胺(PPA)、聚芳基酰胺(polyarylamide)、聚碳酸酯、聚碳酸酯/ABS共混物、聚缩醛、聚氨酯、聚丙烯、聚乙烯、聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯、聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯和聚氯乙烯。
热塑性聚合物也可以填充至多60%的玻璃纤维或其它填料。
用热塑性聚合物环绕注塑的方法引入热量。由于此温度,可热活化的助粘剂被加热活化并立即和热塑性聚合物产生粘附力。此外,由于热量的引入,和金属部件的粘附力也有增加。由于此热量,交联反应被引发,粘附力进一步增加。作为另一个优点,借助可热活化的助粘剂所选择的组成保持尺寸稳定性。一个原因是一种或多种橡胶提供的高弹性组分。由于高尺寸稳定性,助粘剂不能以不受控制的方式展开。此尺寸稳定性甚至在压力下也得以保留。由于冷却时热塑性聚合物的收缩,高压逐渐显示出来并作用在助粘剂上。在另一可行的实施方式中,在热量下,助粘剂的反应性基团参与热塑性聚合物和助粘剂之间的反应。对于此实施方式,热塑性聚合物优选应该包含反应性基团,如环氧基、羟基、酸酐或胺/酰胺。因此,必须选择助粘剂的反应性树脂,以使其参与化学粘结反应。
此外,助粘剂同样可以对热塑性聚合物的收缩产生相反的压力。例如,对于包含酚醛树脂或甲阶酚醛树脂(这些树脂然后例如和HMTA反应)作为反应性树脂组分的助粘剂,情形可能如此。此时交联反应的产物之一是水,它的温度高于100℃,为水蒸汽的形式,产生高压。当期望在注塑过程中使热塑性聚合物的收缩最小,则这可能是有利的。组件更加牢固地挤压模塑部件中,在各组件之间更加强烈地产生粘附力。
在本发明方法中使用的助粘剂的另一优势在于后面的热反应。由此存在如下可能性,在随后的热接触后,交联反应将再次引发并且交联将持续较长的一段时间,以及在组件内,和聚合物面的粘附力和与金属的粘附力将进一步增加。
另一优势在于助粘剂的弹性性质。由于所选择的化学组成,除了助粘剂的功能之外还可以呈现减震效果。由此,特别是使用金属和相对硬而脆的热塑性聚合物的组合,助粘剂可在震动负荷下呈现出减震效果。因此,在随后的使用中组件可以承受更大的应力。因此,助粘剂不仅产生了增加剪切和拉伸力的效果,而且在抗震性方面也有增加。这在汽车应用中可能是有利的,在该应用中要求这类注塑组件吸收相对许多次的冲击,以及要求在宽范围的使用温度下也如此。然而,对于电子消费品组件中的铸塑应用,也存在优势。这些组件同样在宽的温度范围使用并可能需要补偿剧烈的震动作用,例如当坠落时。这里,根据所述的方法,可以容易地增加这些组件的减震能力,同时在聚合物和金属之间获得提高的粘附力。
为了在热塑性聚合物和金属部件之间获得结合强度的进一步增加,通常的实践是对金属部件配置开孔和/或凹口,在注塑操作期间塑化的聚合物能够进入或穿过该开孔和/或凹口,由此额外形成阳锁合。除了制造这种金属结构体所付出的增加的劳动和相关较高的成本之外,该方法还常常表现出一些弱点,特别在金属组件的尺寸稳定性方面。假设出于经济的原因,所述凹口/开孔在冲孔或压花操作中完成,则该金属结构体变形的情形频繁出现,这可能导致在注塑中组件精确定位,还有在随后的最终用途中的问题。在许多情况中,本发明的助粘剂的使用使得所需要的结构开孔的数量下降或者完全不需要结构开孔成为可能。
尤其是当薄壁金属片材结构或非常精细的金属结构体欲通过注塑环绕聚合物时,热塑性聚合物高的注射压力常常导致金属结构体不希望的变形/偏移。通过使用本发明的助粘剂,在许多情况中可以降低注射压力,由此在金属结构体上减轻机械负荷并使得它们的尺寸明显更加稳定。
实施例
测试方法
下落测试A)(参考图1)
下落测试
1=Al板
2=可热活化的膜
3=PET板
4=50g重物
5=钢板
6=下落高度
PET和铝板之间的结合面积为2cm2。将厚度为1.5mm和宽度为2cm的Al板与宽度为2cm且层厚为3mm的注塑PET板(TEREZ PET 3000,TER Hell Plastic GmbH)粘结。
随后进行下落测试。将50g重物附着在PET板上。然后将整个组装件从不同高度下落到钢板上。确定与该可热活化的助粘剂的粘结仍能够适应冲击并且Al/PET测试样品没有瓦解的高度。此外,该测试也在不同温度下进行。
结合强度B)(参见图2)
1=Al板
2=可热活化的膜
3=PET板
通过动态剪切测试测定结合强度。结合面积为2cm2。将厚度为1.5mm和宽度为2cm的Al板与宽度为2cm且层厚为3mm的注塑PET板(TEREZ PET 3000,TER Hell Plastic GmbH)粘结。
使用拉伸测试机以10mm/min的速度将测试样品拉开。结果以N/mm2为单位记录,表示为将测试样品(铝和PET)彼此分开所测量的相对于结合面积的最大力。在23℃和50%相对湿度下进行测量。
下面描述的是多个助粘剂配制物。
实施例1)
在甲乙酮中,在混合机中将50wt%的得自Zeon的Breon N33 H80(丁腈橡胶,33%丙烯腈),40wt%的共混有8%HMTA(Rohm and Haas)的酚醛清漆树脂Durez 33040,和10wt%的得自Bakelite的甲阶酚醛树脂9610 LW制备成30%浓度溶液。捏合时间为20小时。随后将可热活化粘合剂由溶液涂布到玻璃防粘纸上,并在100℃干燥20分钟。干燥之后,层厚为100μm。
实施例2)
在甲乙酮中,在混合机中将25wt%的得自Zeon的Nipol N1094-80(丁腈橡胶),25wt%的得自Zeon的Breon N33 H80(丁腈橡胶,33%丙烯腈),40wt%的共混有8%HMTA(Rohm and Haas)的酚醛清漆树脂Durez 33040,和10wt%的得自Bakelite的甲阶酚醛树脂9610 LW制备成30%浓度溶液。捏合时间为20小时。随后将可热活化粘合剂由溶液涂布到玻璃防粘纸上,并在100℃干燥20分钟。干燥之后,层厚为100μm。
层压:
使用热辊层压机以125°的辊温、1m/min的前进速度和2巴的线性压力(linear pressure)将实施例1和2层压至铝的表面。结合面积为1×2cm,Al条宽度为2cm。
参考实施例1)
对于粘结操作,仅将纯的PET和铝粘结。
参考实施例2)
对于粘结操作,使用基于聚乙烯的热塑性热熔粘合剂。层厚为100μm。所用的热熔粘合剂为得自Abiflor AG的abiflor 1070,其基于LDPE,熔融范围为102-106℃,在190℃和16kg下的熔体指数为70g/10min。
粘结:
对于粘结,首先将得自Ter Hell Plastic GmbH(TEREZ PET 3000)的所有PET熔化。事先在140℃在干燥空气炉中将此物质干燥4小时。然后使用280℃的热板将其熔化。借助特定的模具,由Bürkle压机施加压力,形成宽度为2cm,长度为8cm和层厚为3mm的PET板。随后,在5巴下,用实施例1或2或参考实施例1或2将Al板(1.5mm厚度,2cm宽,8cm长,助粘剂的结合面积为2cm2,搭接粘结并且末端向上(endwise))施用至PET板(参见层压结构)。此压制操作在265℃进行5秒。接着在压力(5巴)下进行冷却。在粘结之后,用机械方式清洁侧边以除去任何溢出的助粘剂或PET聚合物,使得对粘结有效者仅仅为2cm2的助粘剂搭接面积或者没有助粘剂或者具有热塑性助粘剂。
结果:
类似地使用两个参考实施例1和2测试可热活化的助粘剂1和2。对于参考实施例1,没有使用助粘剂。参考实施例2使用基于热塑性材料的助粘剂。在相同条件下活化所有的实施例。
接下来是粘结,使样品进行下落测试。结果列在表1中。各自的下落高度以cm为单位记录。
表1:
实施例 | 测试方法A,在室温 |
参考1 | 45cm |
参考2 | 80cm |
1 | 150cm |
2 | >200cm |
从表1显然看到,本发明的实施例1和2表现出明显较好的抗震性,这进而反映在较高的下落高度中。
此外,测量了实施例的结合强度。结果列于表2。
表2:
实施例 | 测试方法B,在23℃ |
参考1 | 0.7N/mm2 |
参考2 | 1.3N/mm2 |
1 | 4.2N/mm2 |
2 | 3.8N/mm2 |
从表2显然看到,本发明的实施例1和2表现出最高的动态剪切强度。
Claims (2)
1.一种至少局部由金属形成的组件,至少部分金属区域被注入的热塑性聚合物层环绕,在所述聚合物层和金属区域之间至少局部布置助粘剂层,该助粘剂层至少在其面对所述聚合物层的那面由可热活化弹性材料构成,此助粘剂层在金属区域和聚合物层之间起着材料锁的作用。
2.权利要求1所述的组件,其特征在于,弹性助粘剂包括以下物质:
●至少30wt%但不大于70wt%的天然橡胶和/或合成橡胶组分,
●至少30wt%但不大于70wt%的至少一种反应性树脂组分,
在高于120℃的温度,所述反应性树脂组分与自身,与其它反应性树脂组分或与所述天然橡胶和/或合成橡胶引发交联反应。
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KR101600586B1 (ko) | 2016-03-07 |
JP2015107649A (ja) | 2015-06-11 |
ES2391073T3 (es) | 2012-11-21 |
WO2010000483A1 (de) | 2010-01-07 |
US20110123816A1 (en) | 2011-05-26 |
EP2293916B1 (de) | 2012-08-08 |
DE102008031196A1 (de) | 2010-01-07 |
EP2293916A1 (de) | 2011-03-16 |
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