CN102074752A - 一种电池的加热电路 - Google Patents

一种电池的加热电路 Download PDF

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CN102074752A
CN102074752A CN2010106034145A CN201010603414A CN102074752A CN 102074752 A CN102074752 A CN 102074752A CN 2010106034145 A CN2010106034145 A CN 2010106034145A CN 201010603414 A CN201010603414 A CN 201010603414A CN 102074752 A CN102074752 A CN 102074752A
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battery
switching device
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CN102074752B (zh
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韩瑶川
徐文辉
冯卫
杨钦耀
夏文锦
马士宾
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BYD Semiconductor Co Ltd
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Priority to PCT/CN2011/074433 priority patent/WO2012083635A1/en
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Priority to US13/189,096 priority patent/US8836288B2/en
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Priority to TW100140587A priority patent/TWI477026B/zh
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/44Methods for charging or discharging
    • H01M10/443Methods for charging or discharging in response to temperature
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/61Types of temperature control
    • H01M10/615Heating or keeping warm
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H02GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02JCIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J7/00Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
    • H02J7/0069Charging or discharging for charge maintenance, battery initiation or rejuvenation
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    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/657Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells by electric or electromagnetic means
    • H01M10/6571Resistive heaters
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/425Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
    • H01M2010/4271Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract

本发明提供了一种电池的加热电路,该加热电路包括开关装置(10)、开关控制模块(100)、单向半导体元件D10、阻尼元件R、以及变压器(T),所述开关控制模块(100)与所述开关装置(10)电连接;所述电池、阻尼元件R、变压器(T)的第一线圈、以及开关装置(10)相互串联,以构成电池放电电路;以及所述电池、阻尼元件R、变压器(T)的第二线圈、以及单向半导体元件D10相互串联,以构成电池充电电路。本发明利用变压器(T)实现限流以及能量存储,不仅可减小充放电电路中的电流,避免损害电池,而且减少了整个加热过程的能耗。

Description

一种电池的加热电路
技术领域
本发明属于电力电子领域,尤其涉及一种电池的加热电路。
背景技术
考虑到汽车需要在复杂的路况和环境条件下行驶,或者有些电子设备需要在较差的环境条件中使用,所以,作为电动车或电子设备电源的电池就需要适应这些复杂的状况。而且除了考虑这些状况,还需考虑电池的使用寿命及电池的充放电循环性能,尤其是当电动车或电子设备处于低温环境中时,更需要电池具有优异的低温充放电性能和较高的输入输出功率性能。
一般而言,在低温条件下会导致电池的阻抗增大,极化增强,由此导致电池的容量下降。
为了保持电池在低温条件下的容量,提高电池的充放电性能,本发明提供了一种电池的加热电路。
发明内容
本发明的目的是针对电池在低温条件下会导致电池的阻抗增大,极化增强,由此导致电池的容量下降的问题,提供一种电池的加热电路。
本发明提供的用于电池的加热电路包括开关装置、开关控制模块、单向半导体元件、阻尼元件、以及变压器,所述开关控制模块与所述开关装置电连接;所述电池、阻尼元件、变压器的第一线圈、以及开关装置相互串联,以构成电池放电电路;以及所述电池、阻尼元件、变压器的第二线圈、以及单向半导体元件相互串联,以构成电池充电电路。
在需要对电池加热时,可利用所述开关控制模块控制所述开关装置导通,并于电池放电电路中的电流达到预设值时关断,之后变压器将其所存储的电能回充至电池。在此过程中,所述阻尼元件因流过其中的电流而发热,从而对电池进行加热。所述变压器可起到限流的作用,且所述预设值是可根据电池的自身属性进行设定的,因此,电池充放电电路中的电流大小是可控的,避免了电流过大而对电池造成损害。此外,该电流大小的可控亦可对所述开关装置进行相应的保护,避免其因发热巨大而烧毁。
另外,本发明的变压器为储能元件且存在限流的作用,其可完全将自身所存储的能量通过电池充电电路回充至电池,减少了加热过程中的能量损耗。
本发明的其他特征和优点将在随后的具体实施方式部分予以详细说明。
附图说明
附图是用来提供对本发明的进一步理解,并且构成说明书的一部分,与下面的具体实施方式一起用于解释本发明,但并不构成对本发明的限制。在附图中:
图1为本发明提供的加热电路的电路图;
图2为本发明提供的加热电路的波形时序图;
图3为根据本发明第一实施方式的加热电路的电路图;
图4为根据本发明第二实施方式的加热电路的电路图;
图5为根据本发明第三实施方式的加热电路的电路图;
图6为本发明提供的加热电路中的开关装置的一实施方式的电路图;以及
图7为本发明提供的加热电路中的开关装置的另一实施方式的电路图。
具体实施方式
以下结合附图对本发明的具体实施方式进行详细说明。应当理解的是,此处所描述的具体实施方式仅用于说明和解释本发明,并不用于限制本发明。
需要指出的是,除非特别说明,当下文中提及时,术语“开关控制模块”为任意能够根据设定的条件或者设定的时刻输出控制指令(例如脉冲波形)从而控制与其连接的开关装置相应地导通或关断的控制器,例如可以为PLC;当下文中提及时,术语“开关”指的是可以通过电信号实现通断控制或者根据元器件自身的特性实现通断控制的开关,既可以是单向开关,例如由双向开关与二极管串联构成的可单向导通的开关,也可以是双向开关,例如金属氧化物半导体型场效应管(Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field EffectTransistor,MOSFET)或带有反并续流二极管的IGBT;当下文中提及时,术语“双向开关”指的是可以通过电信号实现通断控制或者根据元器件自身的特性实现通断控制的可双向导通的开关,例如MOSFET或带有反并续流二极管的IGBT;当下文中提及时,单向半导体元件指的是具有单向导通功能的半导体元件,例如二极管等;当下文中提及时,术语“电荷存储元件”指任意可以实现电荷存储的装置,例如可以为电容等;当下文中提及时,术语“电流存储元件”指任意可以对电流进行存储的装置,例如可以为电感等;当下文中提及时,术语“正向”指能量从电池向储能电路流动的方向,术语“反向”指能量从储能电路向电池流动的方向;当下文中提及时,术语“电池”包括一次电池(例如干电池、碱性电池等)和二次电池(例如锂离子电池、镍镉电池、镍氢电池或铅酸电池等);当下文中提及时,术语“阻尼元件”指任意通过对电流的流动起阻碍作用以实现能量消耗的装置,例如可以为电阻等;当下文中提及时,术语“主回路”指的是电池与阻尼元件、开关装置以及储能电路串联组成的回路。
这里还需要特别说明的是,考虑到不同类型的电池的不同特性,在本发明中,“电池”可以指不包含内部寄生电阻和寄生电感、或者内部寄生电阻的阻值和寄生电感的电感值较小的理想电池,也可以指包含有内部寄生电阻和寄生电感的电池包;因此,本领域技术人员应当理解的是,当“电池”为不包含内部寄生电阻和寄生电感、或者内部寄生电阻的阻值和寄生电感电感值较小的理想电池时,阻尼元件R指的是电池外部的阻尼元件;当“电池”为包含有内部寄生电阻和寄生电感的电池包时,阻尼元件R既可以指电池外部的阻尼元件,也可以指电池包内部的寄生电阻。
为了保证电池的使用寿命,可以在低温情况下对电池进行加热,当达到加热条件时,控制加热电路开始工作,对电池进行加热,当达到停止加热条件时,控制加热电路停止工作。
在电池的实际应用中,随着环境的改变,可以根据实际的环境情况对电池的加热条件和停止加热条件进行设置,以保证电池的充放电性能。
图1为本发明提供的加热电路的电路图。如图1所示,本发明提供了一种电池的加热电路,该加热电路包括开关装置10、开关控制模块100、单向半导体元件D10、阻尼元件R、以及变压器T,所述开关控制模块100与所述开关装置10电连接;所述电池E、阻尼元件R、变压器T的第一线圈、以及开关装置10相互串联,以构成电池放电电路;以及所述电池E、阻尼元件R、变压器T的第二线圈、以及单向半导体元件D10相互串联,以构成电池充电电路。
其中,所述开关控制装置100可在流经所述电池E的电流于正半周期到达预设值时,控制所述开关装置10关断,并在流经所述电池E的电流于负半周期到达零时,控制所述开关装置10导通。通过不断使电流流经阻尼元件R,使该阻尼元件R产生热量,从而对电池E进行加热。
图2为本发明提供的加热电路的波形时序图。以下结合图2描述本发明提供的加热电路的具体工作过程。首先,开关控制模块100控制开关装置10导通,此时电池E正负极导通,电池E内的电流I因变压器T的电感量的存在而缓慢上升(请参见t1时间段),且部分能量存储在变压器T中。当电池E内的电流I达到预设值时,所述开关控制模块100控制开关装置10断开,此时变压器T将所存储的能量通过单向半导体元件D10回充至电池,如t2时间段所示。之后,在电池E内的电流为零时,开关控制模块100再次控制开关装置10导通,再次开始一个循环周期。以此循环往复,直至电池E加热完毕为止。
在加热电路的以上工作过程中,由于变压器T的电感量的存在,电池E内的电流I得到了限制,另外亦可通过开关控制模块100控制开关装置10的关断时机,以控制电池E内的电流I大小。此外,还可通过该改变变压器T的第一线圈(即,初级线圈)与第二线圈(即,次级线圈)之间的匝数比,以控制对电池E的充放电电流的大小,例如,第一线圈与第二线圈之间的匝数比越大,由第二线圈回充至电池E的电流越小。
所述开关装置10由导通状态切换至关断状态时,所述变压器T的第一线圈会感生出很大的电压,当该电压与电池E的电压一起叠加至所述开关装置10时,会对该开关装置10造成损害。优选地,如图3所示,所述加热电路还可包括第一电压吸收电路210,该第一电压吸收电路210并联于所述变压器T的第一线圈两端,用于在所述开关装置10关断时,消耗所述第一线圈感应产生的电压,以避免该电压损坏开关装置10。该第一电压吸收电路210可包括单向半导体元件D1、电荷存储元件C1以及阻尼元件R1,所述单向半导体元件D1与所述电荷存储元件C1相串联,所述阻尼元件R1并联于所述电荷存储元件C1两端。藉此,当开关装置10由导通状态切换至关断状态时,变压器T的第一线圈所感生的电压会迫使单向半导体元件D1导通,电能会通过电荷存储元件C1续流,并在之后由阻尼元件R1消耗掉,从而吸收变压器T的第一线圈所感生的电压,避免其损坏其下方的开关装置10。
优选地,如图4所示,所述加热电路亦可包括位于所述开关装置10两端的第二电压吸收电路220,亦用于消耗所述变压器T的第一线圈感应产生的电压,避免该电压损坏开关装置10。该第二电压吸收电路220包括单向半导体元件D2、电荷存储元件C2以及阻尼元件R2,所述单向半导体元件D2与所述电荷存储元件C2相串联,所述阻尼元件R2并联于所述单向半导体元件D2两端。藉此,当开关装置10由导通状态切换至关断状态时,变压器T的第一线圈所感生的电压会迫使单向半导体元件D2导通,电能会通过电荷存储元件C2续流,并在之后当开关装置10导通时,由阻尼元件R2消耗掉,从而吸收变压器T的第一线圈所感生的电压,避免其损坏开关装置11。
所述第一电压吸收电路210和第二电压吸收电路210可同时包含于本发明的加热电路中,如图5所示,此时可达到更好的电压吸收效果,更益于保护开关装置10。当然所述第一电压吸收电路210和第二电压吸收电路210的结构并不限于以上电路结构,任何可适用于此的吸收电路皆可应用于此。
另外,需要说明的是,以上所出现的“预设值”应根据电池E以及加热电路中其他元器件/组件可承受的电流来设定,该值的设定应同时兼顾加热效率以及不对电池E造成损害,同时也应考虑加热电路的体积、重量和成本。
图6为本发明提供的加热电路中的开关装置的一实施方式的电路图。如图6所示,所述开关装置10可包括开关K11和与该开关K11反向并联的单向半导体元件D11,所述开关控制模块100与开关K11电连接,用于通过控制开关K11的导通和关断来控制开关装置10的正向支路导通和关断。
图7为本发明提供的加热电路中的开关装置的另一实施方式的电路图。如图7所示,所述开关装置10亦可包括相互串联的开关K12和单向半导体元件D12,所述开关控制模块100与开关K12电连接,用于通过控制开关K12的导通和关断来控制开关装置10导通和关断。
本发明所提供的加热电路具备以下优点:
(1)变压器T的限流作用可对电池充放电电路的中的电流大小进行限制,避免大电流损害电池和开关装置;
(2)对所述开关装置10的关断时机的控制亦可控制电池充放电电路的中的电流大小,避免大电流损害电池和开关装置;以及
(3)变压器T为储能元件,其可对电池放电过程中的能量进行存储,并在之后回充至电池,减小了电池加热过程中的能量损耗。
虽然本发明已通过上述实施例所公开,然而上述实施例并非用以限定本发明,任何本发明所属技术领域中技术人员,在不脱离本发明的精神和范围内,应当可以作各种的变动与修改。因此本发明的保护范围应当以所附权利要求书所界定的范围为准。

Claims (11)

1.一种电池的加热电路,其特征在于,该加热电路包括开关装置(10)、开关控制模块(100)、单向半导体元件D10、阻尼元件R、以及变压器(T),
所述开关控制模块(100)与所述开关装置(10)电连接;
所述电池、阻尼元件R、变压器(T)的第一线圈、以及开关装置(10)相互串联,以构成电池放电电路;以及
所述电池、阻尼元件R、变压器(T)的第二线圈、以及单向半导体元件D10相互串联,以构成电池充电电路。
2.根据权利要求1所述的加热电路,其特征在于,所述阻尼元件R为所述电池内部的寄生电阻。
3.根据权利要求1所述的加热电路,其特征在于,该加热电路还包括第一电压吸收电路(210),该第一电压吸收电路(210)并联于所述变压器(T)的第一线圈两端,用于在所述开关装置(10)关断时,消耗所述第一线圈感应产生的电压。
4.根据权利要求3所述的加热电路,其特征在于,所述第一电压吸收电路(210)包括单向半导体元件D1、电荷存储元件C1、以及阻尼元件R1,所述单向半导体元件D1与所述电荷存储元件C1相串联,所述阻尼元件R1并联于所述电荷存储元件C1两端。
5.根据权利要求4所述的加热电路,其特征在于,所述电荷存储元件C1为电容,所述阻尼元件R1为电阻。
6.根据权利要求1或3所述的加热电路,其特征在于,该加热电路还 包括第二电压吸收电路(220),该第二电压吸收电路(220)并联于所述开关装置(10)两端,用于在所述开关装置(10)关断时,消耗所述第一线圈感应产生的电压。
7.根据权利要求6所述的加热电路,其特征在于,所述第二电压吸收电路(220)包括单向半导体元件D2、电荷存储元件C2、以及阻尼元件R2,所述单向半导体元件D2与所述电荷存储元件C2相串联,所述阻尼元件R2并联于所述单向半导体元件D2两端。
8.根据权利要求7所述的加热电路,其特征在于,所述电荷存储元件C2为电容,所述阻尼元件R2为电阻。
9.根据权利要求1所述的加热电路,其特征在于,所述开关装置(10)包括开关K11和与该开关K11反向并联的单向半导体元件D11,所述开关控制模块(100)与开关K11电连接,用于通过控制开关K11的导通和关断来控制开关装置(10)的正向支路导通和关断。
10.根据权利要求1所述的加热电路,其特征在于,所述开关装置(10)包括相互串联的开关K12和单向半导体元件D12,所述开关控制模块(100)与开关K12电连接,用于通过控制开关K12的导通和关断来控制开关装置(10)导通和关断。
11.根据权利要求1所述的加热电路,其特征在于,所述开关控制装置(100)在流经所述电池的电流于正半周期到达预设值时,控制所述开关装置(10)关断,并在流经所述电池的电流于负半周期到达零时,控制所述开关装置(10)导通。 
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CN103516011B (zh) * 2012-06-12 2017-08-01 罗伯特·博世有限公司 储能设备的衰减电路和用于衰减储能设备的输出电流的振荡的方法
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US20120161711A1 (en) 2012-06-28
HK1158376A1 (en) 2012-07-13
TWI477026B (zh) 2015-03-11
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US8836288B2 (en) 2014-09-16
TW201251260A (en) 2012-12-16

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