CN102072651A - 全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉 - Google Patents
全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN102072651A CN102072651A CN 201110000125 CN201110000125A CN102072651A CN 102072651 A CN102072651 A CN 102072651A CN 201110000125 CN201110000125 CN 201110000125 CN 201110000125 A CN201110000125 A CN 201110000125A CN 102072651 A CN102072651 A CN 102072651A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- blast furnace
- gas
- furnace gas
- heating
- regenerator
- Prior art date
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- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 90
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 91
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 10
- 230000001172 regenerating Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbon monoxide Chemical compound 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Abstract
本发明属于加热炉燃烧技术领域。全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉，它包括加热炉炉体、高炉煤气蓄热室、空气蓄热室、高炉煤气点火烧嘴、高炉煤气管道系统、助燃空气管道系统、空气侧排烟管道系统、煤气侧排烟管道系统；加热炉炉体内为加热炉炉膛；高炉煤气蓄热室、空气蓄热室安装在加热炉炉体的两侧墙上，高炉煤气点火烧嘴安装在加热炉炉体的均热段的端墙或侧墙上；其特征在于：在加热炉炉膛内、位于点火时计划先开启的高炉煤气点火烧嘴的喷口前或高炉煤气蓄热室的喷口前设有电阻丝发热点火装置，电阻丝发热点火装置位于加热炉炉膛内。本发明在烘炉或冷炉点火时，点火操作过程实施简便、可靠。
Description
全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉
技术领域
[0001] 本发明属于加热炉燃烧技术领域，具体涉及一种全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热 式加热炉。
背景技术
[0002] 高炉煤气作为钢铁厂的副产煤气，由于热值较低，在轧钢加热炉上无论是直接燃 烧或是通过预热器将空气和煤气预热到一定的温度后燃烧，均难以使炉膛温度达到1150°C 以上、满足钢坯加热的温度要求。上世纪90年代后期，国内的轧钢加热炉采用高炉煤气为 燃料时，基本上都采用双蓄热式燃烧技术将空气和高炉煤气预热到1000°C左右后进入炉膛 燃烧，满足钢坯在炉膛内加热的温度要求；同时由于双蓄热燃烧技术在加热炉上应用具有 显著的烟气余热回收效果，因此燃烧高炉煤气的蓄热式加热炉在国内轧钢生产线的加热炉 上得到了非常广泛的应用。
[0003] 由于蓄热式加热炉的工作特性是加热炉炉体两侧墙上的烧嘴以周期性的燃 烧——熄火方式换向工作，因此燃烧高炉煤气的蓄热式加热炉必须是在炉膛温度达到 700°C以上、高炉煤气喷入炉膛后能够立即自燃的条件下，蓄热式燃烧系统才能投入正常的 运行。如果加热炉在冷炉条件下采用设置在炉体上的点火烧嘴直接燃烧高炉煤气点火升温 而没有稳火措施，高炉煤气在低温环境条件下燃烧容易熄火，而熄火后若不能及时关闭点 火烧嘴煤气阀门，会使大量的高炉煤气泄露并淤积在炉膛内，造成操作人员煤气中毒甚至 爆炸事故。对于新建蓄热式加热炉的烘炉，由于450°C以下的低温段炉膛烘炉时间很长，高 炉煤气燃烧如没有稳火措施，熄火会更频繁，危险性更大。
[0004]目前，在燃烧高炉煤气的蓄热式加热炉中，对于有高热值煤气条件的钢铁企业，绝 大部分的加热炉都设置了高炉煤气与高热值煤气两套燃气供给系统。高炉煤气管道供给系 统用于向蓄热式燃烧系统供给高炉煤气，满足加热炉高温加热钢坯的生产需要；高热值煤 气管道供给系统用于向布置在炉体均热段的点火烧嘴供给高热值煤气，实现炉膛低温条件 下的稳定燃烧与升温，在炉膛温度升到700°C以上、蓄热式燃烧系统投入稳定运行后，点火 烧嘴可关闭。还有一部分的轧钢生产车间，由于供给加热炉的燃料只有高炉煤气，加热炉不 得不采用灌装液化气供给点火烧嘴燃烧，或者是采用在炉膛内燃烧木柴、焦炭甚至柴油的 方式，完成加热炉的低温点火烘炉与冷炉点火升温，将炉膛升温到700°C以上再将蓄热式燃 烧系统投入运行。
[0005] 上述蓄热式加热炉为解决烘炉与低温点火升温问题所采取的方案中，对有高热值 煤气的轧钢生产车间，加热炉设置两套煤气供给系统是合适的；对于没有高热值煤气、只能 使用纯高炉煤气为燃料的加热炉，则必须采取其他辅助方式保证高炉煤气在低温条件下点 火燃烧与升温。如果采用灌装液化气供给点火烧嘴，灌装液化气的供给、现场配管及布置比 较繁杂，实施成本也比较高；如果采用在炉膛内放置木柴、焦炭甚至柴油燃烧的方法进行点 火升温，由于需要不断地人工添加燃料，劳动强度很大，现场环境脏乱，实施成本也非常高。发明内容
[0006] 本发明的目的是提供一种全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉，该炉在烘炉 或冷炉点火时，点火操作过程实施简便、可靠。
[0007] 为实现上述目的，本发明采用了如下技术方案：全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热 式加热炉，它包括加热炉炉体、高炉煤气蓄热室、空气蓄热室、高炉煤气点火烧嘴、高炉煤气 管道系统、助燃空气管道系统、空气侧排烟管道系统、煤气侧排烟管道系统；加热炉炉体内 为加热炉炉膛，加热炉炉膛包括均热段、加热段等多个供热段；高炉煤气蓄热室、空气蓄热 室安装在加热炉炉体的两侧墙上，高炉煤气点火烧嘴安装在加热炉炉体的均热段的端墙或 侧墙上；高炉煤气蓄热室、空气蓄热室的喷口分别与加热炉炉膛相连通，高炉煤气管道系 统分别与高炉煤气蓄热室、高炉煤气点火烧嘴的煤气接口相连通，助燃空气管道系统分别 与空气蓄热室、高炉煤气点火烧嘴的助燃空气接口相连通；加热炉炉膛通过空气蓄热室与 空气侧排烟管道系统相连通，加热炉炉膛通过高炉煤气蓄热室与煤气侧排烟管道系统相连 通；其特征在于：在加热炉炉膛内、位于点火时计划开启的高炉煤气点火烧嘴的喷口前或 高炉煤气蓄热室的喷口前设有电阻丝发热点火装置，电阻丝发热点火装置位于加热炉炉膛 内。
[0008] 所述的电阻丝发热点火装置包括电阻丝和多孔耐火砖，电阻丝绕在多孔耐火砖上。
[0009] 本发明的有益效果在于：
[0010] 1)采用在高炉煤气点火烧嘴的喷口前或高炉煤气蓄热室的喷口前设有电阻丝发 热点火装置，结构简单；整个烘炉或冷炉点火操作过程实施简便、点火方便、使用可靠、成本 低廉。
[0011] 2)可使全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉在炉膛处于常温状态的条件下， 高炉煤气点火烧嘴或高炉煤气蓄热室的喷口直接点燃高炉煤气后能够在炉膛内稳定、可靠 地燃烧，使炉膛顺利升温到700°C以上，保证蓄热式燃烧系统稳定、可靠地投入运行。
附图说明
[0012] 图1为本发明所述的全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉的结构示意图。
[0013] 图中：1-加热炉炉体，2-加热炉炉膛，3-高炉煤气蓄热室，4-空气蓄热室，5-高炉 煤气点火烧嘴，6-高炉煤气管道系统，7-助燃空气管道系统，8-空气侧排烟管道系统，9-煤 气侧排烟管道系统，10-电阻丝发热点火装置。
具体实施方式
[0014] 如图1所示，全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉，它包括加热炉炉体1、高 炉煤气蓄热室3、空气蓄热室4、高炉煤气点火烧嘴5、高炉煤气管道系统6、助燃空气管道系 统7、空气侧排烟管道系统8、煤气侧排烟管道系统9 ；加热炉炉体1内为加热炉炉膛2，加热 炉炉膛2分成均热段、加热段等多个供热段；高炉煤气蓄热室3、空气蓄热室4安装在加热 炉炉体1的两侧墙上，高炉煤气点火烧嘴5安装在加热炉炉体1的均热段的端墙或侧墙上； 高炉煤气蓄热室3、空气蓄热室4的喷口分别与加热炉炉膛2相连通，高炉煤气管道系统6 分别与高炉煤气蓄热室3、高炉煤气点火烧嘴5的煤气接口相连通（供给高炉煤气），助燃空气管道系统7分别与空气蓄热室4、高炉煤气点火烧嘴5的助燃空气接口相连通（供给 助燃空气）；加热炉炉膛2通过空气蓄热室4与空气侧排烟管道系统8相连通，加热炉炉膛 2通过高炉煤气蓄热室3与煤气侧排烟管道系统9相连通；加热炉正常工作时，经过高炉煤 气蓄热室3、空气蓄热室4预热后的高炉煤气和助燃空气在喷入加热炉炉膛2内燃烧后产生 的烟气由空气侧排烟管道系统8、煤气侧排烟管道系统9分别排出；
[0015] 在燃烧高炉煤气的蓄热式加热炉的加热炉炉膛2内、位于点火时计划开启的高炉 煤气点火烧嘴5的喷口前或高炉煤气蓄热室3的喷口前设有电阻丝发热点火装置10，电阻 丝发热点火装置位于加热炉炉膛内。
[0016] 所述的电阻丝发热点火装置10采用由耐火材料制作的多孔耐火砖穿绕多回路的 电阻丝制作而成，通电后发热可将多孔耐火砖加热到整体通红的高温状态（开启对应的高 炉煤气点火烧嘴或高炉煤气蓄热室，高炉煤气喷射到已经被烧红的电阻丝发热点火装置10 上自动着火燃烧），保证高炉煤气喷射到多孔砖上时可以稳定的点火燃烧，形成稳定的点火 热源体。电阻丝发热点火装置10放置在耐火砖码放的砖跺上，高度可根据需要调整，通电 导线从炉膛内引出炉外与电源连接。电阻丝发热点火装置10的结构简单，可根据需要布置 在炉膛内的任何地方。
[0017] 全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉进行烘炉或冷炉点火时，包括如下步 骤：
[0018] 1)在燃烧高炉煤气的蓄热式加热炉的加热炉炉膛2内、位于点火时计划开启的高 炉煤气点火烧嘴5的喷口前或高炉煤气蓄热室3的喷口前设有电阻丝发热点火装置10(具 体个数根据需要确定，图1中共有8套电阻丝发热点火装置10)；
[0019] 2)在上述蓄热式加热炉的加热炉炉膛2为常温的条件下直接燃烧高炉煤气点火 烘炉或冷炉点火升温时，电阻丝发热点火装置10在通电后发热升温形成稳定的高温点火 热源，高炉煤气喷射到电阻丝发热点火装置10上稳定地着火燃烧，在热炉炉膛升温升到 700°C以上、高炉煤气喷入热炉炉膛后能够自动着火燃烧的温度区域后，燃烧高炉煤气的蓄 热式燃烧系统投入使用，电阻丝发热点火装置10断电后停止工作并留置在炉膛内。
[0020] 如需要开启高炉煤气点火烧嘴5或高炉煤气蓄热室3，则对应地先通电启动相应 的电阻丝发热点火装置10，待电阻丝发热点火装置10发热变红后通入高炉煤气即可稳定 燃烧。当该供热段的炉膛升温到700°c以上时，开启蓄热式燃烧系统，高炉煤气和助燃空气 喷入炉膛即可自行着火燃烧，在蓄热式燃烧系统投入稳定运行后，电阻丝发热点火装置10 即可断电停止工作，并且无需拆除。
Claims (2)
1.全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉，它包括加热炉炉体（1)、高炉煤气蓄热 室（3)、空气蓄热室（4)、高炉煤气点火烧嘴（5)、高炉煤气管道系统（6)、助燃空气管道系统 (7)、空气侧排烟管道系统（8)、煤气侧排烟管道系统（9)；加热炉炉体（1)内为加热炉炉膛 O)，加热炉炉膛（2)包括均热段、加热段；高炉煤气蓄热室（3)、空气蓄热室（4)安装在加 热炉炉体（1)的两侧墙上，高炉煤气点火烧嘴（5)安装在加热炉炉体（1)的均热段的端墙 或侧墙上；高炉煤气蓄热室（3)、空气蓄热室的喷口分别与加热炉炉膛（2)相连通，高 炉煤气管道系统（6)分别与高炉煤气蓄热室（3)、高炉煤气点火烧嘴（5)的煤气接口相连 通，助燃空气管道系统（7)分别与空气蓄热室G)、高炉煤气点火烧嘴（5)的助燃空气接口 相连通；加热炉炉膛（2)通过空气蓄热室（4)与空气侧排烟管道系统（8)相连通，加热炉炉 膛（¾通过高炉煤气蓄热室C3)与煤气侧排烟管道系统（9)相连通；其特征在于：在加热 炉炉膛O)内、位于点火时计划开启的高炉煤气点火烧嘴（5)的喷口前或高炉煤气蓄热室 (3)的喷口前设有电阻丝发热点火装置（10)，电阻丝发热点火装置位于加热炉炉膛内。
2.根据权利要求1所述的全部采用高炉煤气为燃料的蓄热式加热炉，其特征在于：所 述的电阻丝发热点火装置（10)包括电阻丝和多孔耐火砖，电阻丝绕在多孔耐火砖上。
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| CN104894359B (zh) * | 2014-03-04 | 2018-01-12 | 北京京杰锐思技术开发有限公司 | 金属板带恒压热处理炉 |
| CN104894359A (zh) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-09 | 北京京杰锐思技术开发有限公司 | 金属板带恒压热处理炉 |
| CN103851911B (zh) * | 2014-03-26 | 2015-06-10 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | 双蓄热式加热炉改造施工方法 |
| CN103851911A (zh) * | 2014-03-26 | 2014-06-11 | 中国十九冶集团有限公司 | 双蓄热式加热炉改造施工方法 |
| CN103968668A (zh) * | 2014-04-24 | 2014-08-06 | 深圳市中创达热工技术有限公司 | 一种固体燃料熔炉 |
| CN103968668B (zh) * | 2014-04-24 | 2016-04-06 | 深圳市中创达热工技术有限公司 | 一种固体燃料熔炉 |
| CN104006654A (zh) * | 2014-05-21 | 2014-08-27 | 江苏华德工业炉有限公司 | 分段分侧空煤气双蓄热式烧嘴加热炉 |
| CN110542309A (zh) * | 2019-09-16 | 2019-12-06 | 山西太钢工程技术有限公司 | 燃料炉及其使用方法 |
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