CN102072013B - Internal combustion engine design - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relating to an internal combustion engine field, provides a two-stroke ignition type internal combustion engine with integrated main and auxiliary engine, offset cylinder sleeve for generating power with waste heat, which is short for a novel internal combustion engine. The invention is a novel engine design using converse thinking and solves the problems such as large oil consumption, low power, large noise, much pollution, complex structure, difficult manufacture, etc. of a tradition engine. The work principle of the novel internal combustion engine is that the main engine and the auxiliary engine are connected by timing gears and run in a synchronous manner. Crankshafts of both the main engine and the auxiliary engine respectively rotate 360 DEG; cylinders of both the main engine and the auxiliary engine respectively do work once, wherein the main engine does work in a 180 DEG stroke, and exhausts, inlets and compresses the air in an approximate 180 DEG stroke. The auxiliary engine does work in a 150 DEG stroke and exhausts the air in a 190 DEG stroke. The auxiliary engine and the offset cylinder sleeves raise novel engine power; and the two stroke design reduces 75% of reciprocating and rotation inertia force. The ignition type design substantially reduces a compression ratio but maintains the same energy, accordingly making heat insulation of cylinder heads, cylinder sleeves and pistons possible. The ignition type design also decreases noise and NO (naphthenic oil); and crankshaft bearing is small and uniform. The waste heat generating design makes a lower emission temperature; and the engine omits many components and becomes simple to manufacture.

Description

Novel internal combustion engine design

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of machine, specially refer to internal-combustion engine used in everyday.

Technical background

Present internal-combustion engine is really of a great variety, complete in specifications.As the fuel according to being used divides, can be divided into diesel engine, petrol engine, gas engine etc. as divided by cylinder number and having single cylinder engine and a multi-cylinder engine, by working stroke, there is again dividing of two strokes and four-journey, as the position of being arranged by cylinder, divide, have again horizontal, in-line arrangement, W type, V-type etc. also have in addition more detailed point-score.But classification in any case, its working principle is the same substantially.

For ease of narration, the common in-line arrangement four-journey multi-cylinder diesel engine in daily life of take is herein example.Sketch its working principle, and point out the shortcoming of its existence.

Conventional diesel (hereinafter to be referred as diesel engine) is gone through over one hundred year till now from invention, and through the whole world, several generations constantly updates improvement, and its performance is greatly improved, and has obtained using the most widely.Along with social progress and development, present people had not only required the content that increases substantially engine power but also think to reduce the harmful gas such as CO, NO in engine exhaust emission as far as possible.Therefore, the diesel engine dispatching from the factory now, is almost all equipped with exhaust-gas turbocharger, and the previous eddy cell type motor of producing is because oil consumption is high, difficult startup in winter, almost all changes now direct injection ic engine into.Diesel engine is changed into after turbocharging type by naturally aspirated, and motor, in the situation that not changing cylinder diameter and stroke, has increased much air inflow, if air-cooler is housed, the air quantity that enters cylinder is larger.Therefore,, when fuel oil supply system is on time when supplying with enough diesel combustion works done in cylinder, the power of motor is greatly improved.But anything all has duality, said as Chairman Mao: " under certain conditions, bad thing can become good thing, and good thing also can become bad thing.Exactly because " result that increases substantially of direct injection ic engine power, so just caused diesel engine in use to occur a lot of insoluble problems.

6DF1-26 with the early stage 6110A motor of producing of Wuxi Diesel Engine Plant and production now compares: 110 millimeters of 6110A cylinder diameters, 120 millimeters of piston strokes, 2900 revs/min of rotating speeds, 140 horsepowers of power.110 millimeters of 6DF1-26 cylinder diameters, 125 millimeters of piston strokes, 2300 revs/min of rotating speeds, 260 horsepowers of power.By simple computation, can find out: 6DF1-26 compares with 6110A, and volume of cylinder is almost equal, rotating speed has declined 20%, and power has increased by 93%.Can imagine thus, how high does the pressure and temperature in engine operation in cylinder have when motor increases considerably after power? does particularly before and after compression top dead center, how high the pressure and temperature in each 10 ° of left and right cylinders have? in cylinder, high pressure and temperature very likely causes cylinder sleeve, piston and other earlier period damages about part.For this reason, engineers has to add the efficiently radiates heat area of the air quantity of big fan and the flow of cooling water and radiator of water tank when design, utilizes cold wind and water to distribute too high temperature in the component such as cylinder sleeve, cylinder head, body.In addition, in order effectively to lower the temperature to piston, most of producer is all designed with special oil injection nozzle in body, aim at piston and spray machine oil to reduce piston temperature, flow into the high temperature oil in oil sump, through water-cooled oil radiator radiating and cooling, the heat energy producing when fuel oil burns work done in cylinder like this, has quite a few by fan, radiator of water tank and oil radiator, to be dissipated.In addition, in order to make in engine operation exhaust clean, air inlet is abundant, and engineers all makes inlet and exhaust valve early open late closing in design.Most of motor works done BBC 45 ° of left and right exhaust valves are just opened, and this just makes a lot of heats in cylinder in the situation that there is no work done, with regard to being discharged from, cause larger heat to run off.

From internal combustion engine principle, 720 ° of every rotations of four-stroke engine bent axle complete a work cycle, for having the motor of turbosupercharger, the above intake stroke of middling speed is the power of consumption of engine not, and in compression stroke, because suction pressure is very high, in whole compression stroke, to consume the much power of self.Once fuel oil feeds in advance cylinder combustion and burns, piston before compression top dead center to the more power of this tens degree internal consumption motor of compression top dead center.See expansion space stroke, we know again, diesel oil burns produced pressure-acting in piston in cylinder, and passes to bent axle through wrist pin, connecting rod, thereby the linear reciprocating motion of piston is become to rotatablely moving of bent axle, by flywheel, in the mode of moment of torsion, outwards exports.At work done after top dead center tens degree, now the pressure in cylinder and temperature are all high, but now connecting rod and crank are almost on same straight line, so effective arm of force of crank is too little, so time moment of torsion also not too large.When piston moves to that BBC 45 ° of left and right exhaust valves are opened, its expansion space stroke only has 135 ° of left and right.In exhaust stroke, due to the resistance of exhaust gas turbine and silencing apparatus, make waste gas that inner pressure of air cylinder is higher be difficult to discharge glibly, so also consumption of engine part power of exhaust stroke.

Engine-mounted other component in addition, if internal friction power of fuel pump, oil pump, water pump, distribution device and motor self etc. is all at the power of consumption of engine.For vehicular engine, except above-mentioned consumption, also have generator, power assistance pump for steering, brake air compressor, air compressor of air conditioner also at the power of consumption of engine.

So analyze and it seems, only some is converted into mechanical energy to the heat energy producing during diesel combustion work done, and this mechanical energy is except various consumption, only remains the power that a part is converted into external output.

Describedly before combining can find out: conventional diesel engine has the shortcomings such as fuel consume is large, useful horsepower is low, delivery temperature is high, harmful gas is many, noise is large especially.

How to overcome the shortcoming that diesel engine exists, further improve the performance of diesel engine each side? as everyone knows, must from what time setting about below:

1. improve the rate of combustion of diesel oil as far as possible.

2. the heat while as far as possible reducing diesel combustion work done runs off.

3. make full use of the exhaust energy after motor work done.

4. reduce fuel supply advance angle as far as possible, and after compression top dead center, finish as early as possible fuel feeding.

5. reduce unnecessary component as far as possible.

6. make full use of the cooling water heat, machine oil waste heat, the exhaust emissions cogeneration that in engine operation, produce.

7. select high-quality lubricant oil, reduce engine interior frictional force.

Above 7 methods, utilize outside modern technologies can realize except 6,7 two, and all the other 5 methods all can not realize well for conventional engines.Why be difficult to realize, please see brief analysis below:

1. how to improve the rate of combustion of diesel oil as far as possible.Answer: (1) improves air inflow.(2) improve compression ratio.(3) extend the period of combustion of diesel oil as far as possible.(1) now do well for (2) two, but prolonging burning time is difficult to accomplish, because only have the engine speed of reduction could prolonging burning time, but the direct result that reduces engine speed reduces engine power exactly, so method can not adopt.

Does 2. the heat that how to reduce motor run off?

Answer: (1) utilizes present ceramic cylinder jacket, Ceramic piston, high temperature-resistant part and certain heat-insulating techniques such as Ceramic piston ring, can reduce the heat that cooling water is taken away effectively.(2) reduce engine exhaust port angle of advanced opening degree, extend power done time.For ceramic fitting, on advanced petrol engine, be applied already.But the mechanical strength of ceramic part is poor, cannot on the diesel engine of high speed and high pressure, use.And reduce exhaust valve angle of advanced opening degree, will make motor because of exhaust not to the utmost, air inlet is not enough causes over-emitting black exhaust, power to decline.Therefore also cannot solve.

3. how to make full use of the exhaust energy after motor work done?

Present motor, for utilizing its exhaust emissions energy, is done the size of exhaust gas turbine suction port very littlely, to accelerate, by waste gas flow velocity herein, making pressurized machine turn sooner, increases air inlet amount.This size can not be less, otherwise will cause the earlier period damage of pressurized machine, and further increase the exhaust resistance of motor.

4. how to reduce fuel supply advance angle as far as possible, and finish as early as possible fuel feeding in after top dead center?

For conventional engines, when fuel delivery one timing, reduce advance angle and will cause combustion lag, early finish fuel feeding and makes again advance angle larger.Only have the fuel feed pump plunger diameter of increase or make plunger stop increasing for corner degree, can meet above-mentioned requirements, but make engine operation more rough because oil-supply speed is excessive, therefore also bad solution.

Although advanced person's high-pressure common rail technology can be dealt with problems preferably in the world at present, because of too expensive, general producer is difficult to accept.

5. how to reduce the number of unnecessary component?

Answer: traditional combustion engine component lack one not all right, cannot reduce the number of.

From above analysis, can find out: existing the whole bag of tricks cannot solve the existing problem of conventional engines really well.But I am through over several years to the research of conventional engines and thinking, a kind of new work engine of invention, can solve the insurmountable problem of conventional engines completely now.

Goal of the invention

Above multianalysis the existing defect of conventional engines.

Object of the present invention, will fundamentally solve the existing defect of conventional engines exactly, and with brand-new thinking, designs the brand-new engine model that is different from traditional type completely.On the basis of this model, change size, increase and decrease some component, can change the internal-combustion engine of designing all kinds and specification and adapting to various fuel, its power range can be between thousands of watts to hundreds thousand of kilowatts.Deduct some component, change port timing, also can be used as the high pressure steam engine that large-scale thermal power station is used.With the level of production of current China internal-combustion engine and the material being had, can produce oneself internal combustion engine of preassigned in the heart completely, Here it is: (1) is compared with the internal-combustion engine of domestic and international state-of-the-art various Same Efficieneys, and discharge should be better than EUROIII Emission Standard.(2) fuel consumption rate should decline more than 20%.(3) vehicular engine machine life should be over 500,000 kilometers.(4) machine life of peculiar to vessel and other fixed operation types, should surpass the more than 20% of close type.(5) cost is not higher than Same Efficieney motor.(6) can with close type mixed production.(7) significantly reduce delivery temperature.

Summary of the invention

The main parts size and the shape thereof that form internal combustion engine.

For convenience of narration and mapping, select single major-minor machine model of similar traditional single cylinder engine herein and insert with sketch, wherein distribution device has adopted electromagnetic air valve, diesel oil to supply with system and has adopted electrically-controlled pump nozzle system.Its working principle illustrates separately, below introduce in detail shape and the working principle of the main parts size that forms new architecture.

1. body

This body is one can assemble two bent axles, two kinds of cylinder sleeves, two oil pump (also can use an oil pump), an Injection Pump, and sleeve port is to the body of crankshaft rotating direction translation certain distance separately.If radius of crankshaft is R, this is main frame apart from (the referring to fuel delivery and air supply) that be provided with supply system for 0.4-0.45R., without supply system be slave, establishing main engine jacket endoporus cross-section area is S, slave cylinder sleeve bore cross-section area is about 2S.The sheet metal that preferably sticks with glue one deck 0.5mm left and right in main frame and slave main bearing hole, the engine crankshaft tile kilning of making provision against emergencies causes body to scrap.On body, in main engine jacket hole, tank height should be 3/5 of crankshaft stroke, and in the sleeve port of tank bottom, twice water seal circle answers boring to become T-shaped shape of threads below, reduces the area of contact of cylinder sleeve and body, reduces heat in cylinder and runs off.In slave sleeve port, tank height should be the following part of 1/2. tank bottom sleeve port twice water blocking ring of crankshaft stroke, also answers boring to become T-shaped shape of threads, prevents that in slave cylinder, heat runs off.Present senior lubricant contains the nanometer antifriction material that a kind of and metal have special affinity in addition, for reducing contacting of this material and non-friction surface metal in body, should be in upper crankcase inoperative surface plastic spraying, to increase the content of this material in machine oil.The relevant position that on body, other are not mentioned especially and configuration are substantially identical with old type.

2. cylinder head

Cylinder head can use common cylinder head (as shown in figure mono-), also can use new cylinder head.New cylinder head is different from traditional cylinder head completely, on this cylinder head, there are four sleeve ports, an oil injector hole, a spark-plug hole, a suction port, a relief opening, a gasoline spray orifice, a major-minor machine cylinder sleeve attachment hole, 12 cylinder cap screw holes, many cylinder head cover cap screw holes, two decompression shaft bracket screw holes, four distribution cam axle bracket screw holes, cylinder head bottom and cylinder sleeve, piston head forms the part of firing chamber, there is the refractory steel of 2mm left and right on surface, add thermal-protective material below, prevent that a large amount of heat energy runs off through cylinder head, this cylinder head suction port and relief opening all should have thermal-protective material, to prevent that air inlet from being heated in advance, during exhaust, amount of heat is delivered on cylinder head.

3. distribution device

The upper and lower seat of camshaft, servo-actuated post, push rod, valve rocker, pitman arm shaft, rocker arm bracket, intake valve, exhaust valve, valve guide bushing, valve Kraft, valve spring, valve spring in tradition type distribution device, valve oil seal, air valve seat ring etc. are cancelled on main frame.The substitute is an air inlet cylinder sleeve, air inlet piston assembly, admission cam shaft, a set of intake cam axle bed, main exhaust cylinder sleeve, main exhaust piston assembly, main exhaust camshaft, a set of main exhaust camshaft holder, in slave, only have a secondary exhaust cylinder sleeve, secondary exhaust pition assembly, secondary exhaust cam shaft, a set of secondary exhaust cam axle bed.Inlet casing trepanning on main frame is because suction pressure is very large, thus cylinder sleeve diameter needn't do too large, during main exhaust, pressure is higher.Therefore, it is smaller that exhaust casing trepanning should be done, and during slave exhaust, cylinder internal air pressure is very low, therefore slave exhaust cylinder sleeve should be done greatly as far as possible, makes gas exhaust gas inside cylinder arrange onlyer.Except above-mentioned distribution device, also can adopt electromagnetism distribution device (as shown in figure mono-)

4. the mechanism of decompressor

The function of this mechanism of decompressor: make motor turn sooner during (1) cold-starting.(2) vehicular engine forces engine stop work in travelling.

The mechanism of decompressor is comprised of following component: eccentric wheel and decompression shaft, bracket, decompression cylinder sleeve, decompression piston assembly, (also can replace the above-mentioned mechanism of decompressor with electromagnetic air valve).

Mechanism of decompressor working principle: the manual or pneumatic decompression shaft that makes rotates, eccentric cam on decompression shaft departs from decompression piston, and decompression piston is up under the effect of spring, and the vent in decompression cylinder sleeve makes master cylinder communicate with ambient atmosphere, meanwhile, close total intake duct.When major-minor two-piston moves, in two cylinders, from then on air all passes in and out in hole, thereby reaches decompression object like this.Reversion decompression shaft, eccentric cam forces decompression piston to return to normal operation position.

5. bent axle

Tradition multi-cylinder engine each cylinder crankshaft angular interval be 720 ° divided by cylinder number.Each cylinder crankshaft angular interval of new architecture be 360 ° divided by cylinder number.Multicylinder engine job order has a variety of arranging methods, considers that bent axle is subject to the effect of various variable forcees at work, is subject to sometimes the effect of moment of inertia between each crank, therefore when design, should take into full account equilibrium problem.So each cylinder working order should be tested through computer simulation, preferentially determines.

The job order of secondary two bent axles of this owner should be identical, but manufacturing dimension is certainly different.Secondary crankshaft length is greater than main crankshaft length certainly, and due to stressed less in slave work, its main journal and rod journal diameter should be less than main journal and the rod journal of main crankshaft.Main engine jacket diameter should be less than or equal to one with the ratio of host crankshaft stroke, and the ratio of major-minor two crankshaft strokes also should be less than or equal to one.

6. cylinder sleeve

That main engine jacket should be made is double-deck (large scale computer cylinder sleeve should make 3 layers above), internal layer wear heat-resistant material wherein, and the cylindrical of internal layer answers car to become left-hand thread, and outer field endoporus answers car to become plus thread, fine finishing again after two-layer cylinder sleeve forces together.Slave cylinder sleeve also should be made double-deck, and smaller because of secondary cylinder internal air pressure, therefore the corresponding car of wanting of pitch of the anti-silk of outer cylinder sleeve bore is larger.The anti-silk of the cylindrical pitch of internal layer cylinder sleeve also answers car larger.

7. piston

The geometrical shape of main frame piston should be identical with traditional type, but piston head will add thermal-protective material below high temperature resistant sheet metal, is then cast on together with aluminum alloy.The piston head of slave is flat, and its top also will under high temperature resistant sheet metal, add thermal-protective material and aluminum alloy is cast on together, and because sub-piston is stressed less and be again flat-top, so the height of sub-piston is suitably smaller.

8. piston ring, wrist pin, connecting rod

Main frame piston ring is the same with traditional type, and wrist pin and connecting rod cross-sectional area are less than conventional piston pin and connecting rod cross-sectional area, and slave piston ring is the same with traditional type, and wrist pin and connecting rod should be identical with main frame wrist pin and connecting rod.

9. rotator type air compressor and high pressure air distributing device

The discharge capacity of rotator type air compressor and delivery pressure, the accurate location calculative determination in the time of should starting to compress depending on main frame cylinder total displacement and main piston.The gas of output enters the suitably gas receiver of pressure regulation after cooling, then by a pipeline, guides cylinder head into, in good time to each cylinder air feed.In order to increase air compressor efficiency, also can increase a same shaft turbine at rotor shaft front end, make the supercharging of air the two poles of the earth.Air compressor can, directly by engine-driving, if electric power is sufficient, also can drive with motor.For some heavy types, superduty use for diesel engine air compressor, also can select suitable Diesel Driven, the advantage of rotator type air compressor is that volume is little, part is few, lightweight, efficiency is high, shortcoming is that delivery pressure is far below piston type air compressor.The air intake branch being connected on cylinder head all adopts heat insulation method, is heated preventing before air from entering cylinder.

10. fuel oil supply system

Gasoline all adopts electric spray type fuel feeding

Medium and small-scale diesel engine can be selected traditional inline pump, proportioning pump, mechanical speed governors formula monoblock pump or automatically controlled pump, and economic condition license, also can select high pressure co-rail system.For compact structure, preferably select electronically controlled unit pump.

That large-scale, super-huge diesel engine should be selected is T-shaped, the high-power pump of pump nozzle or other special uses.

Oil sprayer should be selected coupling according to actual conditions.

11. cooling systems and Timing water supply distribution shaft

Different from traditional type is, this machine cooling system does not have fan, there is no special-purpose water-tank type radiator, only has a Centrifugal water pump to the cooling water that provides certain pressure in Timing water supply distribution shaft, Timing water supply distribution shaft drives rotation by timing gear, water supply start when 160 ° of a certain cylinder piston place and before top dead center, to main piston, running to 10 ° of before top dead center finishes to supply water, this water supply process is at motor main exhaust, scavenging, air inlet, during compression, carry out, therefore, heat while neither losing motor work done, can deliver in device for generating power by waste heat and generate electricity in time giving out the outer unnecessary heat of cylinder after motor work done again.So periodic duty, thus guaranteed that motor is unlikely overheated.(also cooling system can be fully phased out in some occasion as required).

12. lubricating systems

The machine major-minor two machines can use a set of lubricating system of oneself separately, also can share same set of lubricating system, and this lubricating system system and traditional type are roughly the same, also oil pump, fuel filter, oil pump gear, machine oil filter core etc., consist of.With traditional type difference be that this system has been saved oil radiator.

13. timing gear

The machine timing gear and traditional type are different, wherein major-minor machine crankshaft gear, oil pump gear, the number of teeth of major-minor machine camshaft gear wheel, modulus, diameter are all identical, the number of teeth, modulus and the diameter of idle gear, oil pump gear, rotator type air compressor gear (noting: air compressor also can externally drive with belt pulley), can determine according to actual conditions.

14. flywheels and flywheel casing

Flywheel is the important component part of engine power output device, the power producing in slave work done, correctly to connect with the custom-designed gear of host crankshaft driving end by slave output terminal crankshaft gear, by main frame flywheel, outwards export, raising due to useful horsepower in this machine work, and the reduction of engine speed, more than the moment of torsion that flywheel is born in the process of transferring power reaches the twice of traditional type, therefore must strengthen the relevant position of flywheel.

15. oil sumps

Oil sump is the constituent element of engine crankcase, is again the container of storage lubricant oil.Machine oil has absorbed very large heat in engine operation, has had now temperature difference electricity generation device, so insulation should be done in oil sump outside, processes, and its wall also can be used as the support that device for generating power by waste heat is installed, and the most handy aluminum alloy of this oil pan is made.Below oil-collecting disk, should fill resistive heating device, in order to starting winter.

16. temperature difference electricity generation devices

This device is a kind of device that waste heat supply temperature while utilizing the heat that is dispersed in engine operation in cooling water and lubricant oil and exhaust emissions and the temperature difference between normal temperature are generated electricity.The heat energy losing in engine operation is a lot, compares the temperature difference very large with normal temperature, as with this device, heat energy being effectively converted into electric energy and being stored, will produce very large value.There is sufficient power supply, just traditional generator can have been cancelled, also can be used as the power that drives air compressor.The mounting point of these electricity generating device component, should be depending on shape and the performance of component.

17. starting drives

For large-scale, super-huge engine start, be a very difficult thing, it will be more difficult particularly in cold winter, starting.

In the machine design, taken into full account winter starting problem, this startup system, except starting electrical machinery, is equipped with a set of decompressor on cylinder head, also has in addition gasoline electric injection system, and a few covering device Integrated usings, make the machine startability spy good.

18. fuel tanks

This fuel tank is slightly different from traditional fuel tank, and this fuel tank is cylindrical, be characterized in that material-saving, high, the easy manufacture of intensity, charge of oil are many, fuel oil while being convenient to precipitation, double swerve fuel oil fluctuation little.Inside have dividing plate to be divided into two-part, its ratio is 5: 1, and wherein large tank fills diesel oil, little fuel tank dress gasoline.Two filler openings are anti-theft oil specialized designs, and high-efficiency air filtering ventilating hole is arranged at top, and resistive heating device and convertible waste gas heating pipe are equipped with in diesel fuel tanks inside.

19. gas receivers

This gas receiver is cylindrical, high pressure resistant and can automatic Regulation, pressure limiting.

20. other

All component of not mentioning especially herein and conventional engines are roughly general.

New work engine working principle

If above-mentioned parts is all inerrably assemblied on motor, and through conscientiously adjusting, fully break-in, completely qualified, grant the new work engine of dispatching from the factory, how does this motor work so? the working principle of this motor of brief description.

From the shape of previously described component, two combine into one makes by major-minor two machines for this machine.Major-minor two machine differences are: main frame has supply system and slave does not have, and main frame has a set of air inlet cylinder sleeve, piston and a set of exhaust cylinder sleeve, piston, and slave only has a set of exhaust cylinder sleeve, piston.The relief opening of main frame is exactly the suction port of slave, and the relief opening of slave is also the relief opening of main frame.On body major-minor machine sleeve port all to crankshaft rotating direction translation separately the distance of 0.4-0.5R, and slave cylinder sleeve cross-section area is 2 times of left and right of main frame.Major-minor machine crankshaft length is different, but turning radius identical (also can be different), major-minor bent axle can rotating Vortex, also can counter-rotating, suppose now that two bent axles all turn clockwise, in the face of motor head (flywheel end reverse side), the left side is main frame, the right is slave, and major-minor machine is correctly connected by timing gear, run-in synchronism.The power that slave produced at work is outwards exported by main frame flywheel.At work main frame piston all the time leading 60 ° of crank angles of slave piston (note: the angle of the leading slave piston of main frame piston, should can in very large range change according to the size of main frame suction pressure, suction pressure is larger, this angle can suitably increase, and this angle is larger, and the main expansion space stroke of slave is less, inferior expansion space stroke is larger, and the air inlet of main frame, compression time are shorter), if take piston runs to highest point as upper dead center, corresponding lowest part is lower dead centre.That is to say, when main piston is during in upper dead center, sub-piston is in 60 ° of before top dead center (or after bottom dead center 120 °).Main piston is when lower dead centre, and sub-piston is in BBC 60 ° (or after top dead center 120 °).The moment that three gas distribution pistons open and close gas port is separately: (1) main frame air inlet piston makes the open moment of suction port: just open when host work piston is up moved to 110 ° of before top dead center by lower dead centre, when host work piston up moves to 60 ° of before top dead center, suction port is closed completely.(2) main exhaust piston makes relief opening just open moment is: when host work piston down moves to BBC 120 ° by upper dead center, relief opening has just started to open, and host work piston runs to 90 ° of before top dead center and closes completely.(3) moment that slave exhaust pition is opened relief opening is that slave working piston runs to BBC 30 ° (now host work piston is in 150 ° of before top dead center).Slave exhaust pition is closed relief opening completely: slave working piston runs to 20 ° of before top dead center (now host work piston runs to BBC 140 °).

The start-up course of motor: open decompressor and cut off gas supply circuit simultaneously, and make diesel pump in flame-out position, connect starting electrical machinery circuit, diesel engine starts rotation under the driving of starting electrical machinery, when motor reaches certain rotating speed, close decompressor and make gas supply system and diesel pump recovery normal operation, when host work piston is up moved to 150 ° of before top dead center by lower dead centre, slave working piston is in BBC 30 °, known according to port timing described above, main frame inlet close state now, main exhaust mouth open state, slave relief opening is just opened, gas in major-minor two machine cylinders is all outside slave relief opening discharge machine.Bent axle continues rotation, when main piston moves to upper dead center

110 °, sub-piston runs to 170 ° of before top dead center, this moment, main exhaust mouth, slave relief opening are all at open state and main frame suction port is open, the fresh air that has equivalent pressure of being supplied with by gas receiver pours master cylinder, wherein a part with original remaining waste gas in master cylinder outside two relief opening discharge machines.Bent axle continues rotation, when main piston moves to 90 ° of before top dead center, slave piston is in 150 ° of before top dead center, slave relief opening is still at open state this moment, slave is still in exhaust, and main exhaust mouth is now closed completely, and main exhaust scavenging finishes simultaneously, and main frame suction port is still at open state, fresh air continues to enter main frame cylinder.Bent axle continues rotation, and when main frame piston is in 60 ° of before top dead center, slave piston is in 120 ° of before top dead center, and slave is still in exhaust, and main frame suction port is closed completely this moment, and main frame air inlet finishes, and compression stroke starts.Now gas supply system feeds a small amount of gasoline in master cylinder, and bent axle continues rotation, and the mixed gas entering in master cylinder starts compressed, when main piston runs to 3 ° of before top dead center, compression stroke finishes, and now spark plug starts igniting, and in cylinder, temperature and pressure raises very soon.Meanwhile, diesel oil supply system sprays into appropriate diesel oil in cylinder.The diesel oil spraying into is burning rapidly under high temperature, high pressure, temperature and pressure in cylinder is increased substantially and reach very soon peak value.Now slave relief opening is still open, and slave is still in exhaust.Bent axle is rotated further, and when main piston is crossed upper dead center, the main expansion space stroke of main frame starts, and powerful air pressure promotes descent of piston work done.When main piston comes downwards to BBC 140 °, when sub-piston runs to 20 ° of before top dead center, slave relief opening is closed completely this moment, and slave exhaust finishes, and main frame is still in work done.Bent axle continues rotation, and when main frame piston moves to 120 ° of before top dead center, when slave piston moves to upper dead center, main exhaust mouth is open, and main frame cylinder inner high voltage gas enters slave cylinder thus, the work done simultaneously of major-minor two machines.Now the main expansion space stroke of main frame finishes, and inferior expansion space stroke starts, and the main work done of slave forms and also started.Bent axle continues rotation, and when main frame descent of piston is to lower dead centre, slave descent of piston to BBC 60 °, main frame time expansion space stroke finishes, and the main expansion space stroke of slave also finishes.Now main exhaust mouth is still open, and main frame suction port and slave relief opening are all closed.Bent axle continues rotation, when main piston runs to 150 ° of before top dead center, when sub-piston runs to BBC 30 °, slave exhaust valve is open, and the inferior expansion space stroke of the negative expansion space stroke of main frame and slave finishes simultaneously, and major-minor two machines start outside exhaust simultaneously, now main frame suction port is still in closed condition, major-minor two machine relief openings are all opened, and the negative expansion space stroke of main frame finishes, and slave time expansion space stroke also finishes.Bent axle is rotated further, and next circulation starts thus.Motor is normal start after, cut off rapidly starting circuit, engine idling operation a few minutes, after water temperature, engine oil pressure are normal, motor can normally use.

The comparison of the old and new's type main parts size and new architecture advantage

1. the comparison of the old and new's body

Compare with old body, during new body design, increased a set of countercylinder, and make two machine sleeve port positions along crankshaft rotating direction translation separately certain distance.From the work of this machine, can find out: when the change of cylinder sleeve position makes motor work done, pressurized gas act on the pressure of piston head, the component of passing to bent axle by connecting rod increases, the horizontal component that acts on casing wall reduces, effective arm of force of the descending promotion crankshaft rotating of connecting rod also obviously increases simultaneously, during work done, increase when power and the arm of force, will make bent axle outwards the moment of torsion of output have more significantly and increase.

Slave set up the discharge energy that has effectively utilized very much main frame.We know, during conventional engines work done, piston is apart from BBC 45 ° of left and right (type having is up to 60 °) exhaust valve is just opened.This back piston stops work done substantially because in-cylinder pressure significantly declines.

See again in new architecture two cylinders now pressure condition, from new architecture working condition, when main piston work done is to BBC 120 ° time, main exhaust mouth is opened, master cylinder inner high voltage gas enters secondary cylinder, the work done simultaneously of two cylinders, now in master cylinder, gas volume should account for volume of cylinder more than 30%, 2/3 when gas pressure is roughly peak value.When main piston runs to BBC 45 ° of master cylinders and countercylinder gas volume sum roughly for it 150% of volume of cylinder, when gas pressure is roughly peak value 1/10, when main piston runs to lower dead centre, BBC 60 ° of sub-pistons, now major-minor two cylinder inner volume sums are roughly 230% of master cylinder volumes, 1/15 when air pressure is roughly peak value.Main piston continues to move to 150 ° of before top dead center, and sub-piston runs to BBC 30 °, and in this period of moment, main piston is made negative work, and sub-piston is still being made positive work, and sub-piston is greater than main piston negative work as positive work.

From analysis above, can find out: main piston from BBC 45 ° to lower dead centre institute work be extra, sub-piston from BBC 105 ° to 60 ° of institute's works be BBC also extra, sub-piston from BBC 60 ° to BBC 30 ° the difference of the positive work of doing and negative work that main piston is done be also extra.For middle-size and small-size motor, the merit of these extra results is perhaps insignificant, but supposes that this is 60 revs/min of rotating speeds, 1 square metre of master piston area, 2 square metres of slave piston area.1 meter of radius of crankshaft, 18 of cylinder numbers, the power that the large-scale diesel engine that power number is ten thousand kilowatts increases will be very surprising.

2. the comparison of the old and new's bent axle

We know 720 ° of the every rotations of old type bent axle, each cylinder difference work done once, the every other work done of each cylinder of the every rotating 360 degrees of new architecture bent axle once, suppose that fuel delivery is identical, cylinder diameter is identical two motors of the old and new also, so novel machine rotating speed is half of old type rotating speed, because each movement parts in engine operation exists reciprocal inertia force and rotating inertia force.Reciprocal inertia force is relevant with quality m with the speed V of movement parts, and its relation is F=ma=m (V ₂-V ₁/ t), the quality m of rotating inertia force and object, turning radius R and angular velocity of rotation ω are relevant, and its relation is F=mR ω ², we know, when piston moves in cylinder, in the speed of upper dead center and lower dead centre, are zero, and midstroke speed is maximum, and inertial force is also maximum. suppose that speed when old type piston runs to midstroke by upper dead center is V, reciprocal inertia force F now _{old 1}=mV/t. because of the rotating speed of new architecture be half of old type, so new architecture is run to the reciprocal inertia force F of midstroke by upper dead center at this rotating speed lower piston _{new 1}=mV/4t.Old type rotating inertia force is F _{old 2}=mR ω ².F _{new 2}=mR (ω/2) ²=mR ω ²/ 4. by more known, the reciprocal inertia force of new architecture and rotating inertia force are 1/4 of old type.Therefore, new architecture running is more steady, also more easily manufactures, and working life is also longer.

3. the comparison of the old and new's type cylinder sleeve piston

Most of old type cylinder sleeve is from finding out in appearance: cylinder sleeve cylindrical is with cooling water surface of contact height is greater than crankshaft stroke and whole cylinder sleeve is one, so the interior heat of cylinder is easy to pass to cooling water and dissipate through cylinder sleeve in working.During the design of new architecture cylinder sleeve, make main engine jacket cylindrical and cooling water surface of contact height equal 3/5 of crankshaft stroke, slave cylinder sleeve cylindrical and cooling water surface of contact height equal 1/2 of crankshaft stroke, and major-minor machine cylinder sleeve is all combined by inside and outside two-layer or three layers of interior China and foreign countries cylinder sleeve, for stoping gas cylinder temperature to run off in a large number.

Piston head directly with the interior high-temperature gas Long Term Contact of cylinder, the piston of tradition type is almost all made with aluminum alloy, its advantage is lightweight, easily manufacture, but maximum shortcoming is that fusing point is low, heat conduction is fast, heat has quite a few by piston, to be distributed in cylinder, and new architecture piston head is designed to add thermal-protective material with aluminum alloy is cast on together below high-temperature-resistant steel, thereby has effectively stoped the interior heat of cylinder to run off in a large number through piston.

4. the comparison of the old and new's cylinder head

The old type cylinder head of tradition is the most difficult manufacture in engine component, there are a lot of water channels, air flue, Oil passage and a lot of screw hole above, its bottom directly with the interior high-temperature gas Long Term Contact of cylinder, be one of motor main parts size of bearing high temperature and dissipation of heat.

New architecture cylinder head is different from traditional cylinder head completely, originally be assemblied in the inlet and exhaust valve on cylinder head, inlet and exhaust valve conduit, inlet and exhaust valve seat ring, valve rocker, rocker arm bracket, pitman arm shaft is cancelled the (valve cam assembling on body, bearing shell, servo-actuated post, tappet is also cancelled) the substitute is: air inlet cylinder sleeve, the air inlet piston assembly of roller bearing and piston ring is housed, main exhaust cylinder sleeve, the main exhaust piston assembly of roller bearing and piston ring is housed, slave exhaust cylinder sleeve, the secondary exhaust pition assembly of roller bearing and piston ring is housed, and the special decompression cylinder sleeve arranging, the decompression piston assembly of roller bearing and piston ring is housed, on each cylinder sleeve, be drilled with the pore of some, air drain is left in place corresponding with pore on cylinder head, make air inlet, exhaust is more smooth.Combined gas ring and oil ring are housed on piston, and piston head adds thermal-protective material below high-temperature-resistant steel and aluminum alloy is cast on together.On cylinder head, also have oil injector hole in spark-plug hole, gasoline spray orifice and the diesel oil supply system in gas supply system and distribution, Rellef cam shaft rack screw hole.In distribution device, to open and close be constantly that shape and size by valve cam determine for each gas port.The advantage of new cylinder head is: the quantity that has reduced component in former distribution device, increased sealing, improved functional reliability, suitable design can improve air inflow, the rolling friction of camshaft and bearing has reduced engine noise, and in the work of major-minor machine, the noise of exhaust is lower.

5. the comparison of the old and new's air inlet system

Tradition type air inlet system is mainly comprised of air filter, air cooling device, pressurized machine etc., and the motor that pressurized machine is housed has consumed greatly a part of power of motor because of exhaust resistance.And new architecture rotator type air compressor used does not almost have intake resistance.The power that the power consuming in compression work process consumes while also compressing more than traditional type is little, the most important thing is that rotator type air compressor is the crank angle of 540 ° of traditional type air inlets, compression, exhaust, become new architecture, exhaust, air inlet, compression be totally 150 Shaft angles of writing music, thereby provide guarantee for new work engine normal operation.

6. the comparison of the old and new's electricity generating device

Conventional electric generators is utilized engine power generating, device for generating power by waste heat is to utilize engine exhaust heat generating, this device can effectively utilize engine exhaust heat and converts electric energy to and stored, therefore original generator can be cancelled, simultaneously also can be original radiating fan, oil radiator, radiator of water tank is cancelled, if vehicular engine, can also be refrigeration air compressor, brake air compressor is cancelled, change into electronic, thereby reduce motor in-fighting, improve effective engine power, the most important thing is to greatly reduce motor to the heat discharging in atmosphere.

7. the comparison of fuel supply advance angle and fuel feeding time expand

Tradition type is due to expansion space stroke 135 ° of left and right only, the time that fuel oil burns in cylinder is very short, in order to prevent the delayed combustion of fuel oil in cylinder, traditional type fuel supply advance angle of producing is now generally all 9-12 ° of left and right, and the early stage type of producing is generally between 19-28 °.Middle rev-happy engine is at the middle increase fuel supply advance angle that runs up, therefore the automatic advancing device of supply time is all housed on oil pump.But the burning in advance of fuel oil, make piston too high compression shock and high temperature in before top dead center is subject to cylinder, and thus bent axle is produced to negative torque, and produce very large noise because of detonation, too high temperature very likely causes the earlier period damage of cylinder sleeve piston, and causes increasing of NO content in exhaust emissions.

New architecture is owing to making oil pump and bent axle synchronized in design, and because of the significantly reduction of rotating speed and the significantly prolongation of power done time, fuel oil is extended for the period of combustion in cylinder original more than three times.Therefore 3 ° of left and right of new architecture fuel supply advance angle can normally be used, therefore assemble the automatic advancing device of supply time on new architecture oil pump, also can not cause the delayed combustion of fuel oil.Thereby all unfavorable factors that fuel supply advance angle is excessive produced have been prevented.The rate of combustion of fuel oil and the mean effective pressure in cylinder have been improved.Particularly importantly, the plunger head of the plunger oil pump using due to this type is through improved especially, be characterized in that motor can automatically reduce fuel supply advance angle when sub load and idle running, make near oil pump fuel feeding upper dead center, due to sufficient air inflow, less fuel delivery, fully period of combustion, can make the harmful gas CO content in toxic emission after burning almost can drop to zero.Because of reducing of fuel supply advance angle, the noise while making engine combustion significantly reduces.The older type of new architecture injection time is postponed more than 10 °, so NOx content is lower according to interrelated data (the external internal-combustion engine > of < < > magazine 1973 first phase the 11st page), to introduce " having people by experiment; the content that oil spout is postponed to 4-6 ° of crank angle NOx can reduce to original 1/3 " in addition.

8. the comparison of the old and new's type working procedure

Tradition four-stroke engine exists the shortcomings such as suction pressure is low, compression in-fighting is large, power done time is short, exhaust resistance is large at work.New architecture at work air inlet is the gas that has equivalent pressure being provided by rotator type air compressor, and its suction pressure has determined the port timing of motor.The size of its pressure and engine charge angle are inversely proportional to.The compression of internal combustion engine is to complete within the extremely short time, and the energy that its air inlet compression consumes is far below traditional combustion engine, and work done angle and power done time are the more than 3 times of traditional type.New architecture is because engine speed is low in exhaust process, and cylinder pressure is little, and slave relief opening is large, so exhaust resistance is also very little.

9. the comparison of the old and new's type heat utilization ratio

In the design of tradition type, main consideration is the power that how to improve motor, and for guaranteeing that the normal operation of motor has designed many sinks, this has just reduced the heat utilization ratio of fuel oil.And new architecture when design considered, it is the heat discharging while how to effectively utilize fuel combustion.From the design of new architecture cylinder sleeve, piston, cylinder head, can find out, in the combustion space being formed by these three main parts size, the loss of heat is limited, and after work done, be dispersed in cooling water and toxic emission in heat, by device for generating power by waste heat, effectively utilized again.Therefore the heat utilization ratio of new architecture is far away higher than traditional type.

10. the comparison of the mechanism of decompressor

The mechanism of decompressor of tradition type starts while being mainly used in the cold car of machine, the mechanism of decompressor of this type also has a critical function (being mainly used in each large, medium and small automobile) except being beneficial to start-up performance, be exactly in specific situation, force motor interrupter duty, thereby more effective saving fuel oil, reduces discharge.

The comparison of 11. gas supply devices

General traditional type does not have this device, this device is except being conducive to startup, for some large-scale, super-huge diesel engines, this device can be for a long time and diesel engine co-operation, the fuel oil quality like this diesel engine being used, just there is no too harsh requirement, therefore can significantly reduce the fuel cost in diesel engine work.

The major advantage of 12. new architectures

By relatively finding out above, new architecture has following major advantage:

(1) compare with traditional type, new architecture rotating speed is low, moment of torsion is large, power done time is long, rotating speed is steady, noise is especially little.

(2) compare with traditional type, equal fuel consumption, new architecture power significantly rises, Same Efficieney, new architecture oil consumption significantly declines.

(3) in new architecture exhaust emissions, the harmful gas content such as CO, NO is extremely low.

(4) new architecture exhaust emissions temperature is extremely low.

(5) because of the reduction of fuel consumption rate, specific power CO ₂discharge amount also decreases.

(6) it is not too high for quality of fuel, requiring.

(7) because the more traditional type of operating air pressure in major-minor two cylinders is low, so the pressure and temperature that each relevant movement parts born at work also first mate declines, because engine speed declines, cause reducing of each movement parts inertial force again, thus new architecture more easily manufacture, also more durable in use.

(8) using scope is wide, can be dual-use, and applicable to various requirement, use the place of diesel engine, and can replace existing various diesel engine.

(9) can instead burn the easily internal-combustion engine of other fuel, example: minification, remove diesel oil supply system, it is exactly a perfect petrol engine, on this basis, increase a set of rock gas supplier, can become again gasoline, the dual-purpose machine of rock gas.

(10) remove diesel oil supply system and gas supply system, change port timing, also can be used as the large-scale firepower high pressure steam engine of use that starts to stand.

Best implementation methods

Novel diesel engine basic specification

Model HF main frame cylinder is counted cylinder diameter/slave cylinder and is counted cylinder diameter

The vertical water cooling two-stroke in upright arrangement of pattern

Types of combustion chamber direct spray type

Cylinder number master+pair=(1-24)+(1-24)

Piston displacement (L) master+pair

Compression ratio 6-10

Main frame cylinder diameter/stroke≤1

Main frame stroke/slave stroke≤1

Main crankshaft sense of rotation is clockwise

Slave sense of rotation is clockwise

Slave cylinder diameter/main frame cylinder diameter >=1.414

Main frame cylinder diameter scope (mm) 50-1500

Main frame piston stroke scope (mm) 50-2000

Nominal power rotating speed

Speed at maximum torque

Full load minimum specific fuel consumption

Specific oil consumption

Delivery temperature

Exhaust smoke

Job order

Lubricating system

The type of cooling

Starting mode

Complete machine nt wt net weight

Above, mention, the object of the invention is: (1) discharge is better than Europe 3 standards.(2) fuel consumption is lower than the more than 20% of traditional type.(3) extremely low noise.(4) reduce cost as far as possible.(5) increasing service life of engine.(6) with the collinear production of close type.(7) significantly reduce exhaust temperature.Can achieve the above object, as long as the structure of two kinds of types of the old and new, design concept, working procedure, material therefor etc. are contrasted one by one, just can reach a conclusion: achieving the above object not is difficult.

1. reduce the best implementation methods of discharge.

We know, in exhaust emissions of diesel engine, except harmless oxygen O ₂, nitrogen N ₂,, carbon dioxide CO ₂with water vapour H ₂outside O, also has following oxious component: (1) oxynitrides NO _xcomprise nitrous oxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO ₂.(2) unburned hydrocarbon.(3) carbon monoxide CO.(4) soot.(5) sulfur dioxide SO ₂.These materials have great harm to human and environment.

According to interrelated data introduction, oxynitrides is to produce under the high temperature condition of burning in cylinder combustion, mainly with nitric oxide production form, occurs, its growing amount is decided by concentration, temperature, the reaction time of various compositions.Because reaction velocity and nitrogen oxygen concentration and temperature are closely related, under the empty equivalent proportion of certain combustion, nitric oxide production growing amount increases sharply with the rising of temperature.When temperature one timing, fuel is denseer, and nitric oxide production concentration is lower.When fuel air ratio is greater than theoretical value, due to the deficiency of oxygen, nitrous oxide sharply reduces.In diesel combustion, under very high flame temperature, nitric oxide production concentration has a maximum under certain fuel air ratio, and in its thinner mixed gas, nitric oxide production concentration depends on temperature; In its denseer mixed gas, nitric oxide production concentration depends on the concentration of oxygen.In addition, nitric oxide production formation reaction is slower than combustion reaction, so growing amount also depends on the reaction time, we know, in the composition of air, the shared ratio of nitrogen is very large, and the shared ratio of oxygen is very little, and the shared ratio of other gases is less.Conventional engines is in order to improve the temperature and pressure compressing in cylinder at the end, and compression ratio generally all designs more than 20: 1.Again because conventional engines fuel supply advance angle is larger, therefore, from start fuel feeding to compression top dead center during this period of time in, due to high temperature, hyperoxia and lower mixture strength in cylinder, adapt to very much nitric oxide production generation.And new architecture is unlike this, during new architecture design, make compression ratio very little, approximately 8: 1, be first 3 ° of compression top dead center the firing time of gasoline simultaneously, first 3 ° of the supply time≤compression top dead center of diesel oil, because the temperature and pressure in compression top dead center front air cylinder is all very low, so NO _xthere is no the condition generating.When piston approaches upper dead center, gasoline ignition, now in cylinder, temperature and pressure rises very fast, almost meanwhile diesel oil is supplied with system and spray into enough diesel oil burning very soon in cylinder, pressure and temperature in cylinder further rises, but along with piston, to cross upper dead center descending, combustion space is now increasing, and the temperature and pressure in cylinder is also along with rapid reduction, so time temperature and pressure in cylinder than low many of traditional type.Because most oxygen in cylinder has been captured in the rapid combustion of higher mixture strength and vapour, diesel oil, and along with the continuation of temperature declines, oxynitrides has lost the condition generating again.Rotation along with bent axle, when main piston comes downwards to BBC 120 °, main exhaust piston is opened main vent, master cylinder inner high voltage gas enters countercylinder thus, it is very similar to traditional precombustion chamber engine working condition that master cylinder pressurized gas enter countercylinder, at the incomplete mixed gas of master cylinder internal combustion, entering mixed combustion again in the process of secondary cylinder, because new architecture extends to the more than three times of traditional type period of combustion, therefore when slave end-of-job, discharge in the waste gas outside cylinder, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and black smoke should seldom exist.

2. reduce the best implementation methods of fuel consumption

Reducing fuel consume two mainly solves from the following aspects: (1) configuration aspects has increased a set of slave from designing, and major-minor two machine cylinder sleeve positions all change, consequently increased the effective torque of bent axle, slave set up the exhaust energy that has effectively utilized master cylinder, and the combustion utilization efficiency of fuel oil is greatly improved.(2) cylinder head, piston, cylinder sleeve have all adopted heat-insulating technique in design, therefore heat runs off seldom during oil inflame, because the object of burning is to make to enter cylinder when gases are heated, they expand work done, because running off, reduces in a large number heat, too high for preventing cylinder temperature, can reduce in right amount the amount of fuel that sprays into cylinder.Due to the cancellation of fan, water radiator, oil radiator, make heat of engine loss less in addition.(3) when the change of plunger head fuel feeding limit shape is worked oil pump at full capacity below, fuel supply advance angle reduces, and the negative torque that when before top dead center fuel oil burns in advance, air pressure produces bent axle is along with reducing.(4), because of the reduction of engine speed, make engine interior frictional force along with decline.(5) cancellation due to generator, brake air compressor, refrigeration air compressor and fan makes the outer consumption of motor less.(6) use of decompressor in driving makes the oil consumption of motor less.

3. reduce the best implementation methods of noise

The reason that conventional engines produces noise be following some: the detonation sound that the compression ratio that (1) is excessive and excessive fuel supply advance angle produce while making fuel oil shift to an earlier date ignition and metal Strike note.(2) noise producing during too early exhaust.(3) the metal Strike note producing during distribution device is numerous part movement.(4) when high engine speeds turns round, the noise that the movement parts such as connecting rod produce.(5) noise producing when other component move.

For above-mentioned situation, during the design of (1) new architecture, compression ratio is very little, and advance angle is also very little, so the noise producing when motor shifts to an earlier date ignition is also very little.(2) new work engine major-minor two cylinder volumes are the more than three times of traditional type volume of cylinder, so the noise producing during new work engine exhaust is very low.(3) new work engine intake and exhaust cylinder sleeve piston has replaced the distribution device of conventional engines, and the noise that distribution device is produced due to pumping between rolling friction, piston, piston ring and the cylinder sleeve of cam and bearing is very little.(4) motor significantly reducing the noise of each movement parts also decreased because of rotating speed.(5) because generator, fan, brake air compressor, air compressor of air conditioner in new architecture are cancelled, therefore the noise being produced by these component is eliminated completely.

4. reduce the best implementation methods of cost

New architecture is many a set of slave and device for generating power by waste heat and high pressure air distributing devices in design, but on new architecture, cancelled the automatic advancing device of original distribution device, fan, radiator of water tank, oil radiator, turbosupercharger and supply time, if reasonable in design, can also be cooling system cancel all, in addition, original four-cylinder can replace with major-minor two cylinder machines, six cylinder machines can replace with major-minor three cylinder machines, make so again the overall quantity of oil head, plunger, outlet valve and relevant component subtract and are a half.A large amount of minimizings of part make the cost of new architecture can be too not high.

5. the best implementation methods increasing the service life

Because new work engine is compared with conventional engines, body, bent axle are very short, and operating temperature, pressure and rotating speed are all very low, therefore can greatly extend working life.

6. the best implementation methods of mixed production

On our company's trade mark, registration has 96189 several numerals, and its implication is: (1) is the opening time of our company.(2) conventional engines cylinder diameter major part is all 0,5,8, having small part is 2,4,6, for distinguishing to some extent with traditional type, and for avoiding unnecessary dispute, and can must have with the cylinder diameter mantissa of close type mixed production ，Gu our company design again 9,6,1,8 one of them.Its unit can be millimeter, can be also decimillimeter.

7. reduce the best implementation methods of delivery temperature

(1) decline of fuel consumption rate has directly reduced the exhaust temperature of tail gas.

(2) use of device for generating power by waste heat makes the temperature of discharge lower.

Obviously, those of ordinary skill in the art can form various internal combustion engines by principle of the present invention.

Above embodiment is used for illustrative purposes only, but not limitation of the present invention, the those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field without departing from the present invention, can also make a variety of changes and be out of shape, and therefore all schemes that are equal to also should belong to category of the present invention.Scope of patent protection of the present invention, should be limited by each claim.

accompanying drawing explanation

Accompanying drawing part name and color represent

1. Timing water supply distribution shaft

2. timing water supply counter gear

3. timing gear

4. main frame intake duct

5. main frame electromagnetism intake valve

6. spark plug

7. petrol jet

8. electrically-controlled pump nozzle

9. main frame electromagnetism exhaust valve

10. major-minor machine cylinder sleeve connecting passage

11. main frame pistons

12. cylinder heads

13. slave electromagnetism exhaust valves

14. slave air outlet flues

15. slave pistons

16. slave wrist pins

17. slave connecting rods

18. slave cylinder sleeves

19. slave crankshaft timing gears

20. slave bent axles

21. idle gears

22. host crankshaft timing gear

23. idle gears

24. idle gears

25. gear transmission chains

26. main engine connecting rods

27. main engine jackets

28. main frame wrist pins

29. bodies

30. host crankshafts

Black represents that fuel oil burns

Light black represents exhaust

Light/dark balance represents the mixed gas of fresh air and waste gas

White represents fresh air

Black represents cooling water

The internal combustion engine that uses electromagnetic air valve and electrically-controlled pump nozzle, its working principle is as follows:

From the shape of previously described component, two combine into one makes by major-minor two machines for internal combustion engine, and major-minor two machine differences are that main frame has the system of supply, and slave does not have.Main frame has intake valve and exhaust valve, and slave only has an exhaust valve.Wherein the relief opening of main frame is exactly the suction port of slave, and the relief opening of slave is also the relief opening of main frame.On body major-minor machine cylinder sleeve all to the direction translation of crankshaft rotating separately certain distance, and slave cylinder sleeve cross-section area is the twice left and right of main frame, major-minor machine crankshaft length is different, but turning radius identical (also can be different), major-minor bent axle can rotating Vortex, also can counter-rotating, now suppose that two bent axles all turn clockwise.In the face of motor head (flywheel end reverse side) left side is main frame, the right is slave, and major-minor machine is correctly connected by timing gear, run-in synchronism, and the power that slave produced at work is outwards exported by main frame flywheel.Main frame piston (11) leading (15) 60 ° of crank angles of slave piston all the time at work, (note: the angle of the leading slave piston of main frame piston according to circumstances can be between 20 °-160 °) as shown in Figure 1.If the piston of take runs to highest point as upper dead center, corresponding lowest part is lower dead centre.The moment that wherein 1. main frame intake valve (5) is opened is: host work piston (11) is in 120 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 5.The moment of main frame IC Intake Valve Closes is: host work piston (11) is in 60 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 7.2. the moment that main exhaust door (9) is opened is: main frame piston (11) runs to BBC 120 °, as shown in Figure 2.The moment that main exhaust door (9) is closed is: main frame piston (11) runs to 90 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 6.3. the moment that slave exhaust valve (13) is opened is: slave piston (15) moves to BBC 30 °, as shown in Figure 4.The moment that slave exhaust valve (13) cuts out is completely: slave piston (15) moves to 20 ° of before top dead center.4. the oil spout of petrol jet (7) is constantly, 50 ° of left and right of main piston before top dead center.5. plug ignition is main frame piston operation 3 ° of left and right of before top dead center constantly, as shown in Figure 8.6. electrically-controlled pump nozzle (8) fuel feeding is≤3 ° of before top dead center constantly, as shown in Figure 8.7. the distribution shaft (1) that formally supplies water for water cooling is constantly: main frame piston moves to 160 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 4.Finishing to supply water is constantly 10 ° of main frame piston before top dead center, as shown in Figure 8.Engine starting process: open the mechanism of decompressor (not drawing because drawing is limited) supply with simultaneously system do not work.Connect starting circuit, motor rotates under the driving of Starter, when engine speed reaches one regularly, close decompressor and make to supply with system and recover normal operation, rotation along with bent axle, when main frame piston is up moved to 150 ° of before top dead center by lower dead centre, as shown in Figure 4: slave exhaust valve is opened, in major-minor two machine cylinders, there is the gas of pressure all through slave relief opening, to discharge.The bent axle rotation that continues, when main frame piston stroking upward is during to 120 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 5, now main frame intake valve is opened, the fresh air with equivalent pressure being come by gascollecting cap cylinder pours master cylinder, and by original remaining waste gas extrusion main unit cylinder, wherein have a small amount of fresh air with waste gas together by outside slave discharge machine.Bent axle continues rotation, and when main frame piston moves to 90 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 6, now, main exhaust door is closed completely, and slave is still in exhaust, and main frame is still in air inlet.Bent axle continues rotation, when main frame piston runs to 60 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 7, and main frame IC Intake Valve Closes now, main frame starts compression thus, and slave is now still in exhaust.Bent axle continues rotation, and petrol jet starts to spray into a small amount of gasoline in master cylinder, and when crankshaft rotating is during to 3 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 8, now spark plug starts igniting.Gasoline mixture takes fire, and master cylinder internal pressure and temperature rise very soon, and almost meanwhile, electrically-controlled pump nozzle also starts in cylinder, to spray into appropriate diesel oil, and burning rapidly, and in-cylinder pressure and temperature further rise, and now slave is still in exhaust.Bent axle continues rotation, and main frame piston reaches upper dead center very soon, and now master cylinder internal pressure approaches peak value as shown in Figure 1, and now slave is still in exhaust, and bent axle continues rotation, and main frame piston is crossed upper dead center and started acting.When the acting of main frame piston is to BBC 140 °, as shown in Figure 9, slave piston is apart from 20 ° of before top dead center, now slave exhaust valve closing.Bent axle continues rotation, and when the acting of main frame piston is to BBC 120 °, during slave piston arrives upper dead center, as shown in Figure 2, now, main exhaust door is opened, and the pressurized gas in main frame cylinder enter slave cylinder by main exhaust door, and major-minor two machines do work simultaneously.Bent axle continues rotation, and when main frame piston moves to lower dead centre, when slave piston moves to BBC 60 °, as shown in Figure 3, main frame acting finishes, and slave is still in acting.Bent axle continues rotation, and main frame piston starts up and does negative work, and slave piston is still in acting, and slave is done work and is greater than main frame negative work.Bent axle continues rotation, and main frame piston stroking upward is during to 150 ° of before top dead center, and as shown in Figure 4, next work cycle starts thus.Motor is normal start after, cut off rapidly starting circuit, engine idling operation a few minutes, after the gentle engine oil pressure of engine water is normal, motor can normally use.

Claims (10)

1. an internal-combustion engine, comprise body, cylinder sleeve, cylinder cap, cylinder bed, connecting rod, supply system, cooling system, lubricating system, timing gear train, flywheel, flywheel casing, distribution device, decompression mechanism of air cylinder, starting drive, oil sump, cogeneration assembling device and fuel tank, it is characterized in that: described internal-combustion engine is comprised of main frame and slave, the cylinder sleeve diameter of described internal-combustion engine slave is greater than main engine jacket diameter, the cylinder sleeve of main frame and slave all to the direction translation of crankshaft rotating separately certain distance, main frame and slave respectively have a set crank link structure, cylinder sleeve and distribution device, main frame and slave share a body, cylinder cap, cylinder bed, flywheel, flywheel casing, cooling system, lubricating system, timing gear train, main frame and slave guarantee normal operation run-in synchronism separately by the exact connect ion of timing gear train, work is connected with slave on cylinder cap, corresponding to main engine jacket and slave cylinder sleeve adjacent, to have a passage to make main frame, and it is the air-flow path that slave is utilized the acting of main frame Exhaust Gas, is also the passage that main frame scavenges, main frame has supplies with system and slave does not have, main frame has intake valve and exhaust valve, and slave only has an exhaust valve, the exhaust valve of main frame is also the intake valve of slave, and its open and close controlling the work of main frame and slave, the exhaust valve of slave is also the exhaust valve of main frame, and the waste gas of main frame and slave all discharges through this valve, the air inlet cylinder sleeve piston and the exhaust cylinder sleeve piston that are installed on cylinder cap have replaced traditional combustion engine valve guide bushing and valve stem, the sealing of pressurized gas while having guaranteed main frame air inlet and exhaust, described internal-combustion engine main frame and the every rotating 360 degrees of slave bent axle, main frame and slave are done work respectively once, 180 ° of crank angles of main frame acting wherein, slave acting is greater than 150 ° of crank angles, the moment of torsion that main frame and slave acting produce is outwards exported by same flywheel, the air inlet of described internal-combustion engine main frame is carried out when main frame piston stroking upward, the exhaust process of described internal-combustion engine main frame, intake process, compression process are in same stroke, and the crank angle sum in exhaust process, intake process, compression process is less than 180 °, gasoline sprays into main frame cylinder after main frame air inlet finishes, and in the moment spraying into before main frame cylinder close to diesel oil, lights, diesel oil crankshaft rotating to 3 ° of left and right of budc after gasoline is lighted spray into cylinder combustion, all the time the leading certain crank angle of slave piston in described internal-combustion engine main frame pistons work, this corner is determined between 20 °-160 ° according to the size of main frame suction pressure, when internal-combustion engine is during as automobile power, described decompression mechanism of air cylinder, in specific situation, makes among the checker of internal-combustion engine in normal working and oil-break, decompression off position, described IC engine cooling system is connected with afterheat of IC engine electricity generating device respectively with internal combustion engine air vent, the heat that the heat distributing by cooling water in described internal combustion engine and outlet pipe are discharged all generates electricity by device for generating power by waste heat, described internal-combustion engine is a kind of concept type, and its power range, between thousands of watts to hundreds thousand of kilowatts, according to actual needs, converts size, increases and decreases some component, can make internal-combustion engine various uses, the various liquid of incendivity or gaseous fuel, each associated components timing position of described internal-combustion engine can be determined in certain scope, if 60 ° of crank angles of the leading slave piston of described internal-combustion engine main frame piston, the firm start-up time of main frame suction port is 120 ° of main frame piston before top dead center, the complete close moment of main frame suction port is 60 ° of main frame piston before top dead center, the firm start-up time of main exhaust mouth is BBC 120 °, main frame piston, the complete close moment of main exhaust mouth is 90 ° of main frame piston before top dead center, the firm start-up time of slave relief opening is BBC 30 °, slave piston, the complete close moment of slave relief opening is 20 ° of slave piston before top dead center, it is 50 ° of main frame piston before top dead center constantly that internal-combustion engine gasoline sprays into main frame cylinder, I. C. engine steam oil time of ignition is 3 ° of main frame piston before top dead center, automotive diesel oil time for spraying is 3 ° of main frame piston before top dead center, timing water supply distribution shaft water supply start is 160 ° of main frame piston before top dead center constantly, finishing to supply water is constantly 10 ° of main frame piston before top dead center, this internal combustion engine working process is: the start-up course of internal-combustion engine, open the cylinder of internal-combustion engine mechanism of decompressor, the described cylinder of internal-combustion engine mechanism of decompressor is not worked internal-combustion engine supply system and internal-combustion engine main frame cylinder is communicated with atmosphere, internal-combustion engine starts rotation under starting drive drives, when internal-combustion engine reaches certain rotating speed, closing cylinder of internal-combustion engine decompressor makes internal-combustion engine supply with system's recovery normally, bent axle continues rotation, when main frame piston moves to 160 ° of before top dead center, internal-combustion engine water supply timing distribution shaft water outlet supplies water cooling to internal combustion machine host cylinder sleeve and slave cylinder sleeve, bent axle continues rotation, when main frame piston moves to 150 ° of before top dead center, slave piston is in BBC 30 °, known according to port timing described above, now main frame inlet close state, main exhaust mouth open state, slave relief opening are just opened, main frame and slave gas gas in the jar start outside slave relief opening discharge machine, bent axle continues rotation, when main frame piston moves to 120 ° of before top dead center, slave piston runs to lower dead centre, this moment, main exhaust mouth, slave relief opening are all at open state and main frame suction port is open, the fresh air that has equivalent pressure of being supplied with by gas receiver pours main frame cylinder, wherein sub-fraction with original remaining waste gas in main frame cylinder outside main exhaust mouth and slave relief opening discharge machine, bent axle continues rotation, and when main frame piston moves to 90 ° of before top dead center, slave piston is in 150 ° of before top dead center, and main exhaust mouth is now closed completely, and main exhaust finishes, slave is still in exhaust, and main frame suction port is still at open state, fresh air continues to enter main frame cylinder, bent axle continues rotation, and when main frame piston is in 60 ° of before top dead center, slave piston is in 120 ° of before top dead center, slave is still in exhaust, and main frame suction port is closed completely this moment, and main frame air inlet finishes, and compression stroke starts, when bent axle continues to rotate to 50 ° of main frame piston before top dead center, gasoline sprays into cylinder, bent axle continues rotation, and when main frame piston runs to 10 ° of before top dead center, internal-combustion engine water supply timing distribution shaft stops to internal combustion machine host and slave cylinder sleeve for water cooling, bent axle continues rotation, and when main frame piston runs to 3 ° of before top dead center, ignition mechanism starts igniting, and in main frame cylinder, inflammable mixture ignition raises temperature and pressure in cylinder very soon, almost meanwhile, diesel oil sprays into cylinder and burning rapidly under high temperature, high pressure, makes the temperature and pressure in main frame cylinder increase substantially and reach very soon peak value, and now slave relief opening is still open, and slave is still in exhaust, bent axle is rotated further, when main frame piston is crossed upper dead center, the main working stroke of main frame piston starts, powerful air pressure promotes descent of piston acting, when main frame descent of piston to BBC 140 °, sub-piston run to 20 ° of before top dead center, slave relief opening is closed completely this moment, and slave exhaust finishes, and main frame is still in work done, bent axle continues rotation, when main frame piston moves to BBC 120 °, slave piston and moves to upper dead center, main exhaust mouth is open, main frame cylinder inner high voltage gas enters slave cylinder thus, the work done simultaneously of major-minor two machines, now the main expansion space stroke of main frame finishes, inferior expansion space stroke starts, and the main expansion space stroke of slave starts, bent axle continues rotation, and when main frame piston moves to lower dead centre, slave piston moves to BBC 60 °, main frame time expansion space stroke finishes, the main expansion space stroke of slave also finishes, and now main exhaust mouth is still open, and main frame suction port and slave relief opening are still all closed, bent axle continues rotation, when main frame piston runs to 150 ° of before top dead center, slave piston and runs to BBC 30 °, slave exhaust valve is open, the negative expansion space stroke of main frame and slave time expansion space stroke finish simultaneously, main frame and slave start outside exhaust simultaneously, and now main frame suction port is still in closed condition, bent axle is rotated further, and when main frame suction port is about to open, next circulation starts thus, internal-combustion engine is normal start after, finish rapidly to start, idling for internal combustion engine running a few minutes, after water temperature, engine oil pressure are normal, internal-combustion engine can normally use, the heat current-sharing that the heat that in internal combustion engine, cooling water distributes and internal combustion engine air vent are discharged is generated electricity to internal-combustion engine device for generating power by waste heat.

2. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described internal combustion (IC) engine airframe has two kinds of sleeve ports for main engine jacket and slave cylinder sleeve are installed, and wherein slave sleeve port diameter is greater than main engine jacket bore dia; Main engine jacket hole and slave sleeve port all to crankshaft rotating direction translation separately certain distance; Main engine jacket hole and slave sleeve port and cylinder sleeve surface of contact have reduced certain area by corresponding technique and have run off for the heat reducing in cylinder of internal-combustion engine; In described internal combustion (IC) engine airframe, there are two kinds of main bearing holes for host crankshaft and slave bent axle are installed; In each main bearing hole, all inlaying the body that high-strength steel sheet causes when preventing careless tile kilning scraps.

3. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: described internal combustion engine cylinder jacket is a kind of two-layer above and have a specific combination cylinder sleeve of heat insulating effect.

4. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, it is characterized in that: described engine cylinder head system with respect to main engine jacket and slave cylinder sleeve adjacent position, have a passage to make main frame work is connected with slave, it is the passage that slave is utilized the acting of main frame Exhaust Gas, is also the passage that main frame scavenges; There are diesel injector mounting hole, gasoline ejector mounting hole and gasoline ignition mechanism mounting hole in place with respect to main engine jacket hole on described cylinder cap; Described cylinder cap, corresponding to main engine jacket hole and the suitable place of slave sleeve port, has main frame air inlet mounting hole of cylinder sleeve, main exhaust mounting hole of cylinder sleeve and slave exhaust mounting hole of cylinder sleeve; When the mechanism of decompressor designs separately decompression cylinder sleeve piston, mounting hole of cylinder sleeve in addition reduces pressure on cylinder cap.

5. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, its connecting rod comprises main frame connecting rod and slave connecting rod, described main frame connecting rod comprises host crankshaft, main engine connecting rod, main frame piston, main frame piston ring, main frame wrist pin, it is characterized in that: the top of described internal-combustion engine main frame piston is with adding high-strength heat isolating material below high temperature resistant sheet metal and aluminum alloy is cast on together.

6. internal-combustion engine according to claim 5, its slave connecting rod comprises slave bent axle, slave connecting rod, slave piston, slave piston ring, slave wrist pin, it is characterized in that: described slave piston head is with adding high-strength heat isolating material below high temperature resistant sheet metal and aluminum alloy is cast on together.

7. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, it is supplied with system and comprises that gas supply system, diesel oil supplies with system and air supply system, it is characterized in that: system supplied with by gas supply system, diesel oil and air supply system works simultaneously or do not work, also can work respectively simultaneously.

8. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, its decompression mechanism of air cylinder comprises decompression shaft, decompression arm and corresponding operation system, the mutual conversion equipment that also comprises controlling combustion engine pressurized gas and atmosphere, it is characterized in that: the mutual conversion equipment of described controlling combustion engine pressurized gas and atmosphere is blocked the passage of internal-combustion engine main frame cylinder and atmosphere when internal-combustion engine works, gas receiver pressurized gas are connected with internal-combustion engine main frame cylinder; When internal combustion engine start, open decompression or described internal-combustion engine and open decompression while not working as automobile power, the passage of described device blocking-up gas receiver pressurized gas and internal-combustion engine main frame cylinder, makes atmosphere be connected with internal-combustion engine main frame cylinder.

9. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: the thermal source of described device for generating power by waste heat comes from the heat in engine cooling water and exhaust emissions.

10. internal-combustion engine according to claim 1, is characterized in that: cylindrical oil tank one case is dual-purpose, and diesel fuel tanks has resistive heating device, and two reservoir port anti-theft oil, ventilating hole have effective filter, and convertible waste gas heater is arranged at fuel tank bottom.

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