CN102072013A - Novel internal combustion engine design - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relating to an internal combustion engine field, provides a two-stroke ignition type internal combustion engine with integrated main and auxiliary engine, offset cylinder sleeve for generating power with waste heat, which is short for a novel internal combustion engine. The invention is a novel engine design using converse thinking and solves the problems such as large oil consumption, low power, large noise, much pollution, complex structure, difficult manufacture, etc. of a tradition engine. The work principle of the novel internal combustion engine is that the main engine and the auxiliary engine are connected by timing gears and run in a synchronous manner. Crankshafts of both the main engine and the auxiliary engine respectively rotate 360 DEG; cylinders of both the main engine and the auxiliary engine respectively do work once, wherein the main engine does work in a 180 DEG stroke, and exhausts, inlets and compresses the air in an approximate 180 DEG stroke. The auxiliary engine does work in a 150 DEG stroke and exhausts the air in a 190 DEG stroke. The auxiliary engine and the offset cylinder sleeves raise novel engine power; and the two stroke design reduces 75% of reciprocating and rotation inertia force. The ignition type design substantially reduces a compression ratio but maintains the same energy, accordingly making heat insulation of cylinder heads, cylinder sleeves and pistons possible. The ignition type design also decreases noise and NO (naphthenic oil); and crankshaft bearing is small and uniform. The waste heat generating design makes a lower emission temperature; and the engine omits many components and becomes simple to manufacture.

Description

The internal combustion engine design

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of machine, specially refer to internal-combustion engine used in everyday.

Technical background

Present internal-combustion engine really is of a great variety, complete in specifications.As according to employed fuel branch, can be divided into diesel engine, petrol engine, gas engine etc. as count branch by cylinder single cylinder engine and multi-cylinder engine are arranged again, the branch that two strokes and four-journey are arranged again by working stroke, as the position branch of arranging by cylinder, horizontal, in-line arrangement, W type, V-type etc. are arranged again. remove and also have more detailed point-score in addition.But classification in any case, its working principle is the same basically.

For ease of narration, this paper is example with in-line arrangement four-journey multi-cylinder diesel engine common in the daily life.Sketch its working principle, and point out the shortcoming of its existence.

Conventional diesel (hereinafter to be referred as diesel engine) was gone through over one hundred year till now from invention, and the several generations brings in constant renewal in improvement through the whole world, and its performance is greatly improved, and had obtained using the most widely.Along with the progress and the development of society, present people not only require to increase substantially engine power but also think to reduce content of harmful gas such as CO, NO in the engine exhaust emission as far as possible.Therefore, the diesel engine that dispatches from the factory now almost all is equipped with exhaust-gas turbocharger, and the previous eddy cell type motor of producing almost all changes direct injection ic engine into now because of oil consumption height, difficult startup in winter.After diesel engine changed turbocharging type into by naturally aspirated, motor had increased much air inflow under the situation that does not change cylinder diameter and stroke, if air-cooler is housed, the air quantity that then enters cylinder is bigger.Therefore, when fuel oil supply system is supplied with the diesel combustion work done of capacity on time in cylinder, the power of motor is greatly improved.But anything all has duality, and is said as the Chairman Mao: " under certain conditions, bad thing can become good thing, and good thing also can become bad thing.Exactly because " result that increases substantially of direct injection ic engine power, so just caused diesel engine a lot of insoluble problems in use to occur.

6DF1-26 with early stage 6110A motor of producing of Wuxi Diesel Engine Plant and production now compares: 110 millimeters of 6110A cylinder diameters, 120 millimeters of piston strokes, 2900 rev/mins of rotating speeds, 140 horsepowers of power.110 millimeters of 6DF1-26 cylinder diameters, 125 millimeters of piston strokes, 2300 rev/mins of rotating speeds, 260 horsepowers of power.By simple computation as can be seen: 6DF1-26 compares with 6110A, and volume of cylinder is almost equal, and rotating speed has descended 20%, and power has increased by 93%.Can imagine thus, how high did the pressure and temperature in the engine operation in the cylinder have after motor increased considerably power? does particularly how high the pressure and temperature in each 10 ° of left and right sides cylinder have before and after compression top dead center? high pressure and temperature very likely causes the early stage damage of cylinder sleeve, piston and other relevant parts in the cylinder.For this reason, engineers has to add big fan when design air quantity and the flow of cooling water and the efficiently radiates heat area of radiator of water tank utilize cold wind and water to distribute too high temperature in the component such as cylinder sleeve, cylinder head, body.In addition, in order to lower the temperature to piston effectively, most of producer all designs in body special oil injection nozzle, aim at piston and spray machine oil to reduce piston temperature, flow into the high temperature oil in the oil sump, through water-cooled oil radiator radiating and cooling, the heat energy that is produced when fuel oil burns work done in cylinder like this has quite a few to be dissipated by fan, radiator of water tank and oil radiator.In addition, clean in order to make in the engine operation exhaust, air inlet is abundant, and engineers all makes inlet and exhaust valve early open late closing in design.Most of motor works done BBC 45 ° of left and right sides exhaust valves are just opened, and a lot of heats are not having to cause bigger heat to run off with regard to being discharged under the situation of work done in cylinder with regard to making for this.

By the internal combustion engine principle as can be known, the every rotation of four-stroke engine bent axle is finished a work cycle for 720 °, for the motor that turbosupercharger is arranged, the above intake stroke of middling speed is the power of consumption of engine not, and in the compression stroke, because suction pressure is very high, in whole compression stroke, to consume the much power of self.Burn in case fuel oil infeeds cylinder combustion in advance, piston before compression top dead center to the more power of this tens degree internal consumption motor of compression top dead center.See the work done stroke again, we know, the diesel oil pressure that is produced that burns in cylinder acts on piston, and passes to bent axle through wrist pin, connecting rod, thereby the linear reciprocating motion of piston is become rotatablely moving of bent axle, outwards exports in the mode of moment of torsion by flywheel.At work done after top dead center tens degree, pressure and temperature in this moment cylinder are all high, but connecting rod and crank are almost on same straight line at this moment, so effective arm of force of crank is too little, so the time moment of torsion also not too big.When piston moved to that BBC 45 ° of left and right sides exhaust valves are opened, its expansion space stroke only had about 135 °.In exhaust stroke, because the resistance of exhaust gas turbine and silencing apparatus makes the higher waste gas of inner pressure of air cylinder be difficult to discharge glibly, so also consumption of engine part power of exhaust stroke.

Engine-mounted in addition other component, as internal friction power of fuel pump, oil pump, water pump, distribution device and motor self etc. all at the power of consumption of engine.For vehicular engine, except that above-mentioned consumption, also have generator, power assistance pump for steering, braking air compressor, air-conditioning air compressor also at the power of consumption of engine.

So analyze and it seems, only some is converted into mechanical energy to the heat energy that is produced during the diesel combustion work done, and this mechanical energy only remains the power that a part is converted into external output except that various consumption.

As can be seen described before combining: conventional diesel engine has shortcomings such as fuel consume is big, useful horsepower is low, delivery temperature is high, harmful gas is many, noise is big especially.

How to overcome the shortcoming that diesel engine exists, further improve the performance of diesel engine each side? as everyone knows, must from following some set about:

1. improve the rate of combustion of diesel oil as far as possible.

2. the heat when as far as possible reducing the diesel combustion work done runs off.

3. make full use of the exhaust energy after the motor work done.

4. reduce fuel supply advance angle as far as possible, and after compression top dead center, finish fuel feeding as early as possible.

5. reduce unnecessary component as far as possible.

6. make full use of the cooling water heat, machine oil waste heat, the exhaust emissions cogeneration that produce in the engine operation.

7. select high-quality lubricant oil, reduce engine interior frictional force.

More than 7 methods, remove 6,7 two and utilize outside modern technologies can realize, all the other 5 methods all can not realize for conventional engines well.Why be difficult to realize, please see following brief analysis:

1. how to improve the rate of combustion of diesel oil as far as possible.Answer: (1) improves air inflow.(2) improve compression ratio.(3) prolong period of combustion of diesel oil as far as possible.(1) now do well for (2) two, be difficult to accomplish but prolong period of combustion, because have only the engine speed of reduction to prolong period of combustion, but the direct result that reduces engine speed reduces engine power exactly, so method can not adopt.

Does 2. the heat that how to reduce motor run off?

Answer: (1) utilizes present ceramic cylinder jacket, Ceramic piston, and high temperature-resistant part and certain heat-insulating techniques such as Ceramic piston ring can reduce the heat that cooling water is taken away effectively.(2) reduce engine exhaust port angle of advanced opening degree, prolong power done time.For ceramic fitting, on advanced person's petrol engine, be applied already.But the mechanical strength of ceramic part is relatively poor, can't use on the diesel engine of high speed and high pressure.And reduce exhaust valve angle of advanced opening degree, will make motor because of exhaust not to the utmost, air inlet is not enough causes over-emitting black exhaust, power to descend.So also can't solve.

3. how to make full use of the exhaust energy after the motor work done?

Present motor is done the size of exhaust gas turbine suction port very for a short time for utilizing its exhaust emissions energy, to accelerate the waste gas flow velocity by herein, makes pressurized machine change sooner, increases the air inlet amount.This size can not be littler, otherwise will cause the early stage damage of pressurized machine, and the exhaust resistance that further increases motor.

4. how to reduce fuel supply advance angle as far as possible, and finish fuel feeding as early as possible in after top dead center?

For conventional engines, when fuel delivery one timing, reduce advance angle and will cause combustion lag, early finish fuel feeding and makes advance angle bigger again.Have only the fuel feed pump plunger diameter of increase or make plunger stop increasing, can satisfy above-mentioned requirements, but make engine operation more rough, so also bad solution because of oil-supply speed is excessive for the corner degree.

Though advanced in the world at present high-pressure common rail technology can be dealt with problems preferably, because of too expensive, general producer is difficult to accept.

5. how to reduce the number of unnecessary component?

Answer: traditional combustion engine component scarce are not all right, can't reduce the number of.

From above analysis as can be seen: existing the whole bag of tricks can't solve the existing problem of conventional engines really well.But to the research and the thinking of conventional engines, a kind of new work engine of invention can solve the insurmountable problem of conventional engines fully now through over several years for I.

Goal of the invention

Above multianalysis the existing defective of conventional engines.

Purpose of the present invention will fundamentally solve the existing defective of conventional engines exactly, and with brand-new thinking, designs the brand-new engine model that is different from traditional type fully.On this model based, change size, increase and decrease some component, can change the internal-combustion engine of designing all kinds and specification and adapting to various fuel, its power range can be between thousands of watts to hundreds thousand of kilowatts.Deduct some component, change port timing, also can be used as the high pressure steam engine that the large-scale thermal power station is used.With the level of production of present China internal-combustion engine and the material that is had, can produce oneself internal combustion engine of preassigned in the heart fully, Here it is: (1) is compared with domestic and international state-of-the-art various internal-combustion engines with constant power, and discharging should be better than EUROIII Emission Standard.(2) fuel consumption rate should descend more than 20%.(3) the vehicular engine machine life should be above 500,000 kilometers.(4) machine life of peculiar to vessel and other fixed operation types should surpass more than 20% of close type.(5) cost is not higher than equal power engine.(6) can produce with close type conllinear.(7) reduce delivery temperature significantly.

Summary of the invention

Main parts size and the shape thereof of forming internal combustion engine.

Be convenient narration and mapping, this paper selects single major-minor machine model of similar traditional single cylinder engine and inserts with sketch, and wherein distribution device has adopted electromagnetic air valve, diesel oil to supply with system and adopted the electrically-controlled pump nozzle system.Its working principle illustrates separately, below introduce the shape and the working principle of the main parts size of forming new architecture in detail.

1. body

This body is one can assemble two bent axles, two kinds of cylinder sleeves, two oil pump (also can use an oil pump), an Injection Pump, and sleeve port is to the body of crankshaft rotating direction translation certain distance separately.If radius of crankshaft is R, then this distance is main frame for (the referring to the supply of fuel delivery and air) that 0.4-0.45R. is provided with supply system, then do not have the secondary machine that is of supply system, establishing main frame cylinder sleeve bore cross-section area is S, and then secondary machine cylinder sleeve bore cross-section area is about 2S.Preferably stick with glue the sheet metal about one deck 0.5mm in main frame and the secondary main bearing hole, the engine crankshaft tile kilning of making provision against emergencies causes body to scrap.The interior tank height of main frame sleeve port should be 3/5 of crankshaft stroke on the body, answers boring to become T type shape of threads below the twice water seal circle in the sleeve port of tank bottom, reduces the area of contact of cylinder sleeve and body, reduces heat loss in the cylinder.The 1/2. tank bottom sleeve port twice water blocking ring that the tank height should be crankshaft stroke in the secondary machine sleeve port also answers boring to become T type shape of threads with the bottom, prevents that heat runs off in the secondary machine cylinder.Present in addition senior lubricant contains the nanometer antifriction material that a kind of and metal have special affinity, for reducing contacting of non-friction surface metal in this material and the body, should be in upper crankcase the inoperative surface plastic spraying, to increase the content of this material in machine oil.Relevant position that other are not mentioned especially on the body and configuration are identical with old type basically.

2. cylinder head

Cylinder head can use common cylinder head (as shown in Figure 1), also can use new cylinder head.New cylinder head is different from traditional cylinder head fully, four sleeve ports are arranged on this cylinder head, an oil injector hole, a spark-plug hole, a suction port, a relief opening, a gasoline spray orifice, a major-minor machine cylinder sleeve attachment hole, 12 cylinder cap screw holes, many cylinder head cover cap screw holes, two decompression shaft bracket screw holes, four distribution cam axle bracket screw holes, cylinder head bottom and cylinder sleeve, piston head is formed the part of firing chamber, there is the refractory steel about 2mm on the surface, add thermal-protective material below, prevent that a large amount of heat energy run off through cylinder head, this cylinder head suction port and relief opening all should have thermal-protective material, to prevent that air inlet from being heated in advance, a large amount of heat transfer are to cylinder head during exhaust.

3. distribution device

Seat, valve oil seal, air valve seat ring etc. are cancelled on main frame up and down for camshaft in the tradition type distribution device, servo-actuated post, push rod, valve rocker, pitman arm shaft, rocker arm bracket, intake valve, exhaust valve, valve guide bushing, valve Kraft, valve spring, valve spring.The substitute is an air inlet cylinder sleeve, air inlet piston assembly, admission cam shaft, a cover air inlet camshaft holder, main exhaust cylinder sleeve, main exhaust piston assembly, main exhaust camshaft, a cover main exhaust camshaft holder, have only a secondary exhaust cylinder sleeve, secondary exhaust pition assembly, secondary exhaust cam shaft, the secondary exhaust cam axle bed of a cover on the secondary machine.Inlet casing trepanning on the main frame since suction pressure very big, so the cylinder sleeve diameter needn't do too big, pressure is higher during main exhaust.Therefore, it is smaller that the exhaust casing trepanning should be done, and during secondary machine exhaust, the cylinder internal air pressure is very low, so secondary machine exhaust cylinder sleeve should be done greatly as far as possible, makes in the cylinder waste gas arrange onlyer.Except that above-mentioned distribution device, also can adopt electromagnetism distribution device (as shown in Figure 1)

4. the mechanism of decompressor

The function of this mechanism of decompressor: make motor change sooner during (1) cold-starting.(2) force motor to quit work during vehicular engine travels.

The mechanism of decompressor is made up of following component: eccentric wheel and decompression shaft, bracket, decompression cylinder sleeve, decompression piston assembly, (also can replace the above-mentioned mechanism of decompressor with electromagnetic air valve).

Mechanism of decompressor working principle: the manual or pneumatic decompression shaft that makes rotates, eccentric cam on the decompression shaft breaks away from decompression piston, and decompression piston is up under the effect of spring, and the vent in the decompression cylinder sleeve makes master cylinder communicate with ambient atmosphere, meanwhile, close total intake duct.When the major-minor two-piston moved, from then on air all passed in and out in the hole in two cylinders, thereby reaches the decompression purpose like this.The counter-rotating decompression shaft, eccentric cam forces decompression piston to return to normal operation position.

5. bent axle

Tradition multi-cylinder engine each cylinder crankshaft angular interval be 720 ° divided by the cylinder number.Each cylinder crankshaft angular interval of new architecture be 360 ° divided by the cylinder number.The multicylinder engine job order has a variety of arranging methods, considers that bent axle is subjected to the effect of various variable forcees at work, is subjected to the effect of moment of inertia between each crank sometimes, therefore should take into full account equilibrium problem when design.So each cylinder working order should be tested through computer simulation, decides according to qualifications.

The job order of these machine major-minor two bent axles should be identical, but manufacturing dimension is different certainly.Secondary crankshaft length is certainly greater than main crankshaft length, because stressed less in the secondary machine work, its main journal and rod journal diameter should be less than the main journal and the rod journals of main crankshaft.Main frame cylinder sleeve diameter should be less than or equal to one with the ratio of host crankshaft stroke, and the ratio of major-minor two crankshaft strokes also should be less than or equal to one.

6. cylinder sleeve

The main frame cylinder sleeve should be made double-deck (the large scale computer cylinder sleeve should be made more than 3 layers), internal layer wear heat-resistant material wherein, and the cylindrical of internal layer answers car to become left-hand thread, and outer field endoporus answers car to become plus thread, fine finishing again after two-layer cylinder sleeve forces together.Secondary machine cylinder sleeve also should be made double-deck, and smaller because of secondary cylinder internal air pressure, therefore the corresponding car of wanting of the pitch of the anti-silk of outer cylinder sleeve bore is big.The anti-silk of the cylindrical of internal layer cylinder sleeve pitch also answers car big.

7. piston

The geometrical shape of main frame piston should be identical with traditional type, but piston head will add thermal-protective material below high temperature resistant sheet metal, cast in together with aluminum alloy then.The piston head of secondary machine is flat, and its top also will add thermal-protective material and cast in aluminum alloy under high temperature resistant sheet metal, and stressed less and be again flat-top because of sub-piston, so the height of sub-piston is suitably smaller.

8. piston ring, wrist pin, connecting rod

The main frame piston ring is the same with traditional type, and wrist pin and connecting rod cross-sectional area are less than conventional piston pin and connecting rod cross-sectional area, and secondary machine piston ring is the same with traditional type, and wrist pin and connecting rod should be identical with main frame wrist pin and connecting rod.

9. rotator type air compressor and high pressure air distributing device

The discharge capacity of rotator type air compressor and delivery pressure, the accurate position calculation in the time of should looking main frame cylinder total displacement and main piston and begin to compress is determined.The gas of output enters the suitably gas receiver of pressure regulation after cooling, guide cylinder head into by a pipeline then, in good time to each cylinder air feed.In order to increase air compressor efficient, also can increase a same shaft turbine at the rotor shaft front end, make the supercharging of air the two poles of the earth.Air compressor can be directly by engine-driving, if the electric power abundance also can be used motor driving.For some heavy types, superduty use for diesel engine air compressor, also can select suitable Diesel Driven for use, the advantage of rotator type air compressor is that volume is little, part is few, in light weight, efficient is high, shortcoming is that delivery pressure is far below piston type air compressor.The air intake branch that is connected on the cylinder head all adopts heat insulation method, is heated before air from entering cylinder preventing.

10. fuel oil supply system

Gasoline all adopts EFI formula fuel feeding

Medium and small-scale diesel engine can be selected traditional pump in upright arrangement, proportioning pump, mechanical speed governors formula monoblock pump or automatically controlled pump for use, and the economic condition permission also can be selected high pressure co-rail system for use.For compact structure, preferably select electronically controlled unit pump for use.

Large-scale, super-huge diesel engine should be selected the high-power pump of T type, pump nozzle or other special uses for use.

Oil sprayer should be selected coupling according to actual conditions.

11. cooling system and Timing water supply distribution shaft

Different with traditional type is, this machine cooling system does not have fan, there is not special-purpose water-tank type radiator, have only a Centrifugal water pump in the Timing water supply distribution shaft, to provide the cooling water of certain pressure, the Timing water supply distribution shaft is by the timing gear rotary driving, water supply start when 160 ° of a certain cylinder piston place and before top dead center, running to before top dead center to main piston finishes for 10 ° to supply water, this water supply process is at the motor main exhaust, scavenging, air inlet, carry out during compression, therefore, heat when neither losing the motor work done can in time be delivered in the device for generating power by waste heat and generates electricity again giving out the outer unnecessary heat of cylinder after the motor work done.So periodic duty, thus guaranteed that motor is unlikely overheated.(also can fully phase out cooling system in some occasion as required).

12. lubricating system

This machine major-minor two machines can use the cover lubricating system of oneself separately, also can shared same set of lubricating systems, and this lubricating system system and traditional type are roughly the same, also are made up of oil pump, fuel filter, oil pump gear, machine oil filter core etc.Different is that this system has saved oil radiator with traditional type.

13. timing gear

This machine timing gear and traditional type are different, wherein major-minor machine crankshaft gear, oil pump gear, the number of teeth of major-minor machine camshaft gear wheel, modulus, diameter all are identical, the number of teeth, modulus and the diameter of idle gear, oil pump gear, rotator type air compressor gear (annotate: air compressor also can externally drive with belt pulley) can be decided according to actual conditions.

14. flywheel and flywheel casing

Flywheel is the important component part of engine power output device, the power that produces in the secondary machine work done, be correctly to connect with the custom-designed gear of host crankshaft driving end by secondary machine output terminal crankshaft gear, outwards export by the main frame flywheel, because the raising of useful horsepower in this machine work, and the reduction of engine speed, the moment of torsion that flywheel is born in the process of transferring power reaches more than the twice of traditional type, therefore must strengthen the relevant position of flywheel.

15. oil sump

Oil sump is the constituent element of engine crankcase, is again the container of storage lubricant oil.Machine oil has absorbed very big heat in engine operation, temperature difference electricity generation device has been arranged now, handles so insulation should be done in the oil sump outside, and its wall also can be used as the support that device for generating power by waste heat is installed, and the most handy aluminum alloy of this oil pan is made.Below oil-collecting disk, should adorn resistive heating device, in order to starting winter.

16. temperature difference electricity generation device

This device is a kind of device that the waste heat supply temperature when utilizing the heat that is dispersed in the engine operation in cooling water and the lubricant oil and exhaust emissions and the temperature difference between the normal temperature are generated electricity.The heat energy that loses in the engine operation is a lot, and compare the temperature difference with normal temperature very big, as with this device heat energy being converted into electric energy effectively and being stored, will produce very big value.Sufficient power supply has been arranged, just can also can be used as the power that drives air compressor to traditional generator cancellation.The mounting point of these electricity generating device component should be decided on the shape and the performance of component.

17. starting drive

For large-scale, super-huge engine start is a very difficult thing, particularly starts difficulty more in the winter of cold.

Taken into full account the winter starting problem in the design of this machine, this start-up system except that starting electrical machinery, is equipped with a cover decompressor on the cylinder head, also have the gasoline electric injection system in addition, and several covering devices comprehensively use, and make this machine startability spy good.

18. fuel tank

This fuel tank is slightly different with traditional fuel tank, and this fuel tank is cylindrical, is characterized in material-saving, intensity height, easily makes, charge of oil is many, fuel oil fluctuateed little when fuel oil was convenient to precipitation, double swerve.In have dividing plate that it is divided into two-part, its ratio is 5: 1, large tank dress diesel oil wherein, little fuel tank dress gasoline.Two filler openings are the anti-theft oil specialized designs, and the high-efficiency air filtering ventilating hole is arranged at the top, and resistive heating device and convertible waste heating pipe are equipped with in diesel fuel tanks inside.

19. gas receiver

This gas receiver is cylindrical, but high pressure resistant and automatic Regulation, pressure limiting.

20. other

All component of not mentioning especially herein and conventional engines are roughly general.

The new work engine working principle

If above-mentioned parts all inerrably is assemblied on the motor, and through conscientiously adjustment, fully break-in, qualified fully, grant the new work engine of dispatching from the factory, how does this motor work so? the working principle of this motor of brief description.

By the shape of previously described component as can be known, two combine into one makes by major-minor two machines for this machine.Different is major-minor two machines: main frame has supply system and secondary machine does not have, and main frame has one to pack into cylinder liner, piston and a cover exhaust cylinder sleeve, piston, and secondary machine has only a cover exhaust cylinder sleeve, piston.The relief opening of main frame is exactly the suction port of secondary machine, and the relief opening of secondary machine also is the relief opening of main frame.On the body major-minor machine sleeve port all to crankshaft rotating direction translation separately the distance of 0.4-0.5R, and secondary machine cylinder sleeve cross-section area is about 2 times of main frame.Major-minor machine crankshaft length difference, but turning radius identical (also can be different), the major-minor bent axle can rotate in the same way, also can counter-rotating, suppose that now two bent axles all turn clockwise, in the face of motor head (flywheel end reverse side), the left side is a main frame, the right is secondary machine, and the major-minor machine is correctly connected by timing gear, run-in synchronism.The power that secondary machine is produced is at work outwards exported by the main frame flywheel.60 ° of crank angles of the leading all the time secondary machine piston of main frame piston (are annotated: the angle of the leading secondary machine piston of main frame piston at work, should can in very large range change according to the size of main frame suction pressure, suction pressure is big more, this angle can suitably increase, and this angle is big more, and the main expansion space stroke of secondary machine is more little, inferior expansion space stroke is big more, and the air inlet of main frame, compression time are short more), if running to highest point with piston is upper dead center, then corresponding lowest part is a lower dead centre.That is to say that when main piston was in upper dead center, sub-piston was in 60 ° of before top dead center (or after bottom dead center 120 °).When main piston was in lower dead centre, sub-piston was in BBC 60 ° (or after top dead center 120 °).The moment that three gas distribution pistons open and close gas port separately is: (1) main frame air inlet piston makes the open moment of suction port: just open when the host work piston is up moved to 110 ° of before top dead center by lower dead centre, suction port was closed fully when the host work piston up moved to 60 ° of before top dead center.(2) the main exhaust piston makes the just open moment of relief opening be: relief opening had just begun to open when the host work piston down moved to BBC 120 ° by upper dead center, and the host work piston runs to before top dead center and closes fully for 90 °.(3) to make the open moment of relief opening be that secondary machine working piston runs to BBC 30 ° (this moment, the host work piston was in 150 ° of before top dead center) to secondary machine exhaust pition.Secondary machine exhaust pition is closed relief opening fully and is constantly: secondary machine working piston runs to 20 ° of before top dead center (this moment, the host work piston ran to BBC 140 °).

The start-up course of motor: open decompressor and cut off the gas supply circuit simultaneously, and make diesel pump be in flame-out position, connect the starting electrical machinery circuit, diesel engine begins rotation under the driving of starting electrical machinery, when motor reaches certain rotating speed, close decompressor and make the gas supply system and diesel pump recovery proper functioning, when the host work piston is up moved to 150 ° of before top dead center by lower dead centre, secondary machine working piston is in BBC 30 °, according to port timing described above as can be known, this moment main frame inlet close state, main exhaust mouth open state, secondary machine relief opening is just opened, and the gas in the major-minor two machine cylinders is all outside secondary machine relief opening discharge machine.Bent axle continues rotation, when main piston moves to 110 ° of before top dead center, sub-piston runs to 170 ° of before top dead center, this moment, main exhaust mouth, secondary machine relief opening are all at open state and the main frame suction port is open, the fresh air of being supplied with by gas receiver that suitable pressure is arranged pours master cylinder, wherein a part with original remaining waste gas in the master cylinder outside two relief opening discharge machines.Bent axle continues rotation, when main piston moves to 90 ° of before top dead center, secondary machine piston is in 150 ° of before top dead center, secondary this moment machine relief opening is still at open state, secondary machine is still in exhaust, and the main exhaust mouth is closed this moment fully, and the main exhaust scavenging finishes simultaneously, and the main frame suction port is still at open state, and fresh air continues to enter the main frame cylinder.Bent axle continues rotation, and when the main frame piston is in 60 ° of before top dead center, secondary machine piston is in 120 ° of before top dead center, and secondary machine is still in exhaust, and the main frame suction port is closed fully this moment, and the main frame air inlet finishes, and compression stroke begins.This moment, the gas supply system infeeded a spot of gasoline in master cylinder, and bent axle continues rotation, and the mixed gas that enters in the master cylinder begins to be compressed, when main piston runs to 3 ° of before top dead center, compression stroke finishes, and this moment, spark plug began igniting, the very fast rising of temperature and pressure in the cylinder.Meanwhile, the diesel oil supply system sprays into an amount of diesel oil in cylinder.The diesel oil that sprays into is burning rapidly under high temperature, high pressure, temperature and pressure in the cylinder is increased substantially and reaches peak value very soon.This moment, secondary machine relief opening was still open, and secondary machine is still in exhaust.Bent axle is rotated further, and when main piston is crossed upper dead center, main frame master expansion space stroke begins, and powerful air pressure promotes the descent of piston work done.When main piston comes downwards to BBC 140 °, when sub-piston ran to 20 ° of before top dead center, secondary this moment machine relief opening was closed fully, and secondary machine exhaust finishes, and main frame is still in work done.Bent axle continues rotation, and when the main frame piston moves to 120 ° of before top dead center, when secondary machine piston moved to upper dead center, the main exhaust mouth was open, and main frame cylinder inner high voltage gas enters secondary machine cylinder thus, the work done simultaneously of major-minor two machines.This moment, main frame master expansion space stroke finished, and inferior expansion space stroke begins, and the main work done of secondary machine forms and also begun.Bent axle continues rotation, when the main frame descent of piston to lower dead centre, secondary machine descent of piston to BBC 60 °, main frame time expansion space stroke finishes, secondary machine master expansion space stroke also finishes.This moment, the main exhaust mouth was still open, and main frame suction port and secondary machine relief opening are all closed.Bent axle continues rotation, when main piston runs to 150 ° of before top dead center, when sub-piston runs to BBC 30 °, secondary machine exhaust valve is open, and the inferior expansion space stroke of negative expansion space stroke of main frame and secondary machine finishes simultaneously, and major-minor two machines begin outside exhaust simultaneously, this moment, the main frame suction port still was in closed condition, major-minor two machine relief openings are all opened, and the negative expansion space stroke of main frame finishes, and secondary machine time expansion space stroke also finishes.Bent axle is rotated further, and next circulation begins thus.Motor is normal start after, cut off starting circuit rapidly, engine idling operation a few minutes, treat that water temperature, engine oil pressure are normal after, motor can normally use.

The old and new's type main parts size relatively reach the new architecture advantage

1. the comparison of the old and new's body

Compare with old body, increased by a cover countercylinder during new body design, and make two machine sleeve port positions along crankshaft rotating direction translation separately certain distance.From the work of this machine as can be seen: pressurized gas acted on the pressure of piston head when the change of cylinder sleeve position made the motor work done, the component of passing to bent axle by connecting rod increases, the horizontal component that acts on casing wall reduces, effective arm of force of the descending promotion crankshaft rotating of connecting rod also obviously increases simultaneously, increase the power and the arm of force time during work done, will make bent axle outwards the moment of torsion of output have more significantly and increase.

Secondary machine set up the discharging energy that has effectively utilized very much main frame.We know, during the conventional engines work done, piston apart from BBC about 45 ° (type that has is up to 60 °) exhaust valve just opened.This back piston stops work done basically because of in-cylinder pressure descends significantly.

See new architecture two cylinders interior this moment of pressure condition again, from the new architecture working condition as can be known, when the main piston work done to BBC 120 ° the time, the main exhaust mouth is opened, master cylinder inner high voltage gas enters secondary cylinder, the work done simultaneously of two cylinders, the interior gas volume of master cylinder this moment should account for volume of cylinder more than 30%, 2/3 when gas pressure roughly is peak value.When main piston runs to BBC 45 ° of master cylinders and countercylinder gas volume sum roughly for it 150% of volume of cylinder, when gas pressure roughly is peak value 1/10, when main piston runs to lower dead centre, BBC 60 ° of sub-pistons, this moment, major-minor two cylinder inner volume sums roughly were 230% of master cylinder volumes, 1/15 when air pressure roughly is peak value.Main piston continues to move to 150 ° of before top dead center, and sub-piston runs to BBC 30 °, and in this section moment, main piston is made negative work, and sub-piston is still being made positive work, and positive work that sub-piston is done is greater than the main piston negative work.

From top analysis as can be seen: main piston is extra from 45 ° of merits of doing to lower dead centre BBC, sub-piston from BBC 105 ° to 60 ° of merits of being done BBC also be extra, sub-piston from BBC 60 ° to BBC 30 ° the difference of the positive work of doing and negative work that main piston is done also be extra.For middle-size and small-size motor, the merit of these extra results is perhaps insignificant, but supposes that this is 60 rev/mins of rotating speeds, 1 square metre of master piston area, 2 square metres of slave piston area.1 meter of radius of crankshaft, several 18 of cylinder, the power that the large-scale diesel engine that power number is ten thousand kilowatts increases will be very surprising.

2. the comparison of the old and new's bent axle

We know 720 ° of the every rotations of old type bent axle, each cylinder difference work done once, the every other work done of 360 ° of each cylinders of the every rotation of new architecture bent axle once, suppose that fuel delivery is identical, two motors of the old and new that cylinder diameter is also identical, so novel machine rotating speed is half of old type rotating speed, because each movement parts exists reciprocal inertia force and rotating inertia force in the engine operation.Reciprocal inertia force is relevant with quality m with the speed V of movement parts, and its relation is F=ma=m (V ₂-V ₁/ t), and the quality m of rotating inertia force and object, turning radius R and angular velocity of rotation ω are relevant, and its relation is F=mR ω ², we know, when piston moves in cylinder, are zero in the speed of upper dead center and lower dead centre, midstroke speed maximum, and inertial force is also maximum. suppose that the speed when old type piston runs to midstroke by upper dead center is V, then Ci Shi reciprocal inertia force F _{Old 1}=mV/t. is half of old type because of the rotating speed of new architecture, so new architecture is run to the reciprocal inertia force F of midstroke by upper dead center at this rotating speed lower piston _{New 1}=mV/4t.Old type rotating inertia force is F _{Old 2}=mR ω ².F _{New 2}=mR (ω/2) ²=mR ω ²/ 4. passing through more as can be known, the reciprocal inertia force of new architecture and rotating inertia force are 1/4 of old type.Therefore, the new architecture running is more steady, also easier manufacturing, and working life is also longer.

3. the comparison of the old and new's type cylinder sleeve piston

Most of old type cylinder sleeve is from appearance as can be seen: cylinder sleeve cylindrical and cooling water surface of contact height are one greater than crankshaft stroke and whole cylinder sleeve, so the interior heat of cylinder is easy to pass to cooling water and dissipate through cylinder sleeve in working.Make main frame cylinder sleeve cylindrical and cooling water surface of contact height equal 3/5 of crankshaft stroke during the design of new architecture cylinder sleeve, secondary machine cylinder sleeve cylindrical and cooling water surface of contact height equal 1/2 of crankshaft stroke, and major-minor machine cylinder sleeve is all combined by the three layers of cylinder sleeve in inside and outside two-layer or interior China and foreign countries, is used to stop the interior temperature of cylinder to run off in a large number.

Piston head directly contacts for a long time with the interior high-temperature gas of cylinder, the piston of tradition type is almost all made with aluminum alloy, its advantage is in light weight, easily make, but maximum shortcoming is that fusing point is low, heat conduction is fast, heat has quite a few to be distributed by piston in the cylinder, and the new architecture piston head is designed to add thermal-protective material below the high temperature resistant steel and casts in aluminum alloy, thereby has stoped effectively that heat runs off in a large number through piston in the cylinder.

4. the comparison of the old and new's cylinder head

The old type cylinder head of tradition is the most difficult manufacturing in the engine component, a lot of water channels, air flue, Oil passage and a lot of screw hole are arranged above, its bottom directly contacts for a long time with the interior high-temperature gas of cylinder, is that motor bears one of main parts size that high temperature and heat distribute.

The new architecture cylinder head is different from traditional cylinder head fully, originally be assemblied in the inlet and exhaust valve on the cylinder head, the inlet and exhaust valve conduit, the inlet and exhaust valve seat ring, valve rocker; rocker arm bracket; pitman arm shaft is cancelled (valve cam that assembles on the body; bearing shell; servo-actuated post; tappet also is cancelled) and the substitute is: the air inlet cylinder sleeve; the air inlet piston assembly of roller bearing and piston ring is housed; the main exhaust cylinder sleeve; the main exhaust piston assembly of roller bearing and piston ring is housed; secondary machine exhaust cylinder sleeve; the secondary exhaust pition assembly of roller bearing and piston ring is housed; and the special decompression cylinder sleeve that is provided with; the decompression piston assembly of roller bearing and piston ring is housed; be drilled with the pore of some on each cylinder sleeve; air drain is left in place corresponding with pore on the cylinder head, makes air inlet; exhaust is smooth more.Combined gas ring and oil ring are housed on the piston, and piston head adds thermal-protective material and casts in aluminum alloy below high temperature resistant steel.Also have oil injector hole in spark-plug hole, gasoline spray orifice and the diesel oil supply system in the gas supply system and distribution, relief cam bracing strut screw hole on the cylinder head.To open and close constantly be by the shape and size decision of valve cam for each gas port in the distribution device.The advantage of new cylinder head is: reduced number of components and parts in the former gazogene structure, increased sealing, improved functional reliability, suitable design can improve air inflow, the rolling friction of camshaft and bearing has reduced engine noise, and the noise of exhaust is lower in the work of major-minor machine.

5. the comparison of the old and new's air inlet system

Tradition type air inlet system mainly is made up of sky filter, air cooling device, pressurized machine etc., and the motor that pressurized machine is housed has consumed a part of power of motor greatly because of exhaust resistance.And the used rotator type air compressor of new architecture does not almost have intake resistance.The power that the power that is consumed in the compression work process is consumed when also compressing more than traditional type is little, the most important thing is that the rotator type air compressor is the crank angle of 540 ° of traditional type air inlets, compression, exhaust, become new architecture, exhaust, air inlet, compression be totally 150 Shaft angles of writing music, thereby provide guarantee for the new work engine proper functioning.

6. the comparison of the old and new's electricity generating device

Conventional electric generators is utilized the engine power generating, device for generating power by waste heat is to utilize the engine exhaust heat generating, this device can effectively utilize engine exhaust heat and convert electric energy to and stored, therefore can be original generator cancellation, simultaneously also can be original heat transmission fan, oil radiator, radiator of water tank cancellation, if vehicular engine, can also be refrigeration air compressor, the cancellation of braking air compressor, change into electronic, thereby reduce the motor in-fighting, improve effective engine power, the most important thing is to greatly reduce the heat that motor discharges in atmosphere.

7. the comparison of fuel supply advance angle and fuel feeding time expand

The tradition type is because expansion space stroke only about 135 °, the time that fuel oil burns in cylinder is very short, in order to prevent the delayed combustion of fuel oil in cylinder, generally all about 9-12 °, the early stage type of producing generally is between 19-28 ° to traditional type fuel supply advance angle of producing now.Middle rev-happy engine is in order to increase fuel supply advance angle in running up, so the automatic advancing device of supply time all is housed on oil pump.But the burning in advance of fuel oil, make piston too high compression shock and high temperature in before top dead center is subjected to cylinder, and thus bent axle is produced negative torque, and produce very big noise because of detonation, too high temperature very likely causes the early stage damage of cylinder sleeve piston, and causes increasing of NO content in the exhaust emissions.

New architecture is owing to make oil pump and bent axle with speed in the design, and because of the reduction significantly of rotating speed and the prolongation significantly of power done time, and it is original more than three times that fuel oil is extended for the period of combustion in cylinder.Therefore the new architecture fuel supply advance angle can normally use for about 3 °, so do not assemble the delayed combustion that the automatic advancing device of supply time also can not cause fuel oil on the new architecture oil pump.Thereby the excessive all unfavorable factors that produce of fuel supply advance angle have been prevented.The rate of combustion of fuel oil and the mean effective pressure in the cylinder have been improved.Particularly importantly, because the plunger head of the employed plunger oil pump of this type is through improved especially, be characterized in that motor can reduce fuel supply advance angle automatically when sub load and idle running, make near oil pump fuel feeding upper dead center, because sufficient air inflow, less fuel delivery fully period of combustion, can make the harmful gas CO content in the burning back toxic emission almost can drop to zero.Because of reducing of fuel supply advance angle, the noise when making engine combustion reduces significantly.The old type postponement of new architecture injection time is more than 10 °, so NOx content is lower to introduce " having the people by experiment; the content that 4-6 ° of crank angle NOx postponed in oil spout can reduce to original 1/3 " according to interrelated data (" external internal-combustion engine " magazine 1973 first phase the 11st page) in addition.

8. the comparison of the old and new's type working procedure

The tradition four-stroke engine exists shortcomings such as suction pressure is low, the compression in-fighting is big, power done time is short, exhaust resistance is big at work.New architecture air inlet at work is the gas that suitable pressure is arranged that is provided by the rotator type air compressor, and its suction pressure has determined the port timing of motor.The size of its pressure and engine charge angle are inversely proportional to.The compression of internal combustion engine is to finish in the extremely short time, and the energy that its air inlet compression is consumed is far below traditional combustion engine, and work done angle and power done time are more than 3 times of traditional type.Because of engine speed is low, cylinder pressure is little in exhaust process for new architecture, and secondary machine relief opening is big, so exhaust resistance is also very little.

9. the comparison of the old and new's type heat utilization ratio

Main consideration is the power that how to improve motor in the design of tradition type, and for the proper functioning that guarantees motor has designed many sinks, this has just reduced the heat utilization ratio of fuel oil.And new architecture when design considered is the heat that is discharged when how to effectively utilize fuel combustion.From the design of new architecture cylinder sleeve, piston, cylinder head as can be seen, in the combustion space of forming by these three main parts size, the loss of heat is limited, and after work done, be dispersed in the cooling water and toxic emission in heat, utilized effectively by device for generating power by waste heat again.Therefore the heat utilization ratio of new architecture is higher than traditional type far away.

10. the comparison of the mechanism of decompressor

The mechanism of decompressor of tradition type starts when being mainly used in the cold car of machine, the mechanism of decompressor of this type also has a critical function (being mainly used in each large, medium and small automobile) except that being beneficial to start the function, be exactly under specific situation, force the motor interrupter duty, thereby more effective saving fuel oil reduces discharging.

11. the comparison of gas supply device

General traditional type does not have this device, this device is except helping startup, for some large-scale, super-huge diesel engines, this device can be for a long time and the diesel engine co-operation, like this to the employed fuel oil quality of diesel engine, just do not had too harsh requirement, therefore can reduce the fuel cost in the diesel engine work significantly.

12. the major advantage of new architecture

By as can be seen above, new architecture has following major advantage:

(1) compare with traditional type, the new architecture rotating speed is low, moment of torsion is big, power done time is long, rotating speed is steady, noise is especially little.

(2) compare with traditional type, equal fuel consumption, new architecture power rises significantly, same constant power, the new architecture oil consumption descends significantly.

(3) harmful gas content such as CO, NO are extremely low in the new architecture exhaust emissions.

(4) new architecture exhaust emissions temperature is extremely low.

(5) because of the reduction of fuel consumption rate, specific power CO ₂Discharge amount also decreases.

(6) it is not too high requiring for quality of fuel.

(7) low because of the more traditional type of operating air pressure in major-minor two cylinders, so the pressure and temperature that each relevant movement parts is born at work also first mate descends, because of descending, engine speed causes reducing of each movement parts inertial force again, so the easier manufacturing of new architecture is also more durable in use.

(8) using scope is wide, can be dual-use, and use the place of diesel engine applicable to various requirement, and can replace existing various diesel engine.

(9) can instead burn the easily internal-combustion engine of other fuel, example: minification, remove the diesel oil supply system, be exactly a perfect petrol engine, on this basis, increase by a cover rock gas supplier, can become gasoline, the dual-purpose machine of rock gas again.

(10) remove diesel oil supply system and gas supply system, change port timing, also can be used as the large-scale firepower high pressure steam engine of usefulness that starts to stand.

Best implementation methods

Novel diesel machine basic specification

Model HF main frame cylinder is counted cylinder diameter/secondary machine cylinder and is counted cylinder diameter

The vertical water cooling two-stroke in upright arrangement of pattern

The types of combustion chamber direct spray type

Cylinder number master+pair=(1-24)+(1-24)

Piston displacement (L) master+pair

Compression ratio 6-10

Main frame cylinder diameter/stroke≤1

Main frame stroke/secondary machine stroke≤1

The main crankshaft sense of rotation is clockwise

Secondary machine sense of rotation is clockwise

Secondary machine cylinder diameter/main frame cylinder diameter 〉=1.414

Main frame cylinder diameter scope (mm) 50-1500

Main frame piston stroke scope (mm) 50-2000

The nominal power rotating speed

Speed at maximum torque

The full load minimum specific fuel consumption

Specific oil consumption

Delivery temperature

Exhaust smoke

Job order

Lubricating system

The type of cooling

Starting mode

The complete machine nt wt net weight

Mention in front, the objective of the invention is: (1) discharging is better than Europe 3 standards.(2) fuel consumption is lower than more than 20% of traditional type.(3) extremely low noise.(4) reduce cost as far as possible.(5) prolong motor working life.(6) with the collinear production of close type.(7) reduce exhaust temperature significantly.Can achieve the above object, as long as the structure of two kinds of types of the old and new, design concept, working procedure, material therefor etc. are compared one by one, just can reach a conclusion: it not be quite difficult achieving the above object.

1. reduce the best implementation methods of discharging.

We know, in the exhaust emissions of diesel engine, except harmless oxygen O ₂, nitrogen N ₂,, carbon dioxide CO ₂With water vapour H ₂Outside the O, also has following oxious component: (1) oxynitrides NO _XComprise nitrous oxide NO and nitrogen dioxide NO ₂(2) unburned hydrocarbon.(3) carbon monoxide CO.(4) soot.(5) sulfur dioxide SO ₂These materials all have great harm to human and environment.

According to the interrelated data introduction, oxynitrides is to produce under the high temperature condition that cylinder combustion is burnt, and mainly occurs with nitric oxide production form, and its growing amount is decided by concentration, temperature, the reaction time of various compositions.Because reaction velocity and nitrogen oxygen concentration and temperature are closely related, under the empty equivalent proportion of certain combustion, nitric oxide production growing amount increases sharply with the rising of temperature.When temperature one timing, fuel is dense more, and nitric oxide production concentration is low more.When fuel air ratio during greater than theoretical value, because the deficiency of oxygen, nitrous oxide sharply reduces.Under the very high flame temperature, nitric oxide production concentration has a maximum under certain fuel air ratio in diesel combustion, and in its thinner mixed gas, nitric oxide production concentration depends on temperature; In its denseer mixed gas, nitric oxide production concentration depends on the concentration of oxygen.In addition, nitric oxide production formation reaction is slower than combustion reaction, so growing amount also depends on the reaction time, we know, in the composition of air, the shared ratio of nitrogen is very big, and the shared ratio of oxygen is very little, and the shared ratio of other gases is littler.Conventional engines is in order to improve the temperature and pressure that compresses in the cylinder at the end, and compression ratio generally all designs more than 20: 1.Again because the conventional engines fuel supply advance angle is bigger, therefore, from the beginning fuel feeding to compression top dead center during this period of time in because high temperature, hyperoxia and lower mixture strength in the cylinder adapt to nitric oxide production generation very much.And new architecture is different therewith, makes compression ratio very little during the new architecture design, about 8: 1, be preceding 3 ° of compression top dead center the firing time of gasoline simultaneously, preceding 3 ° of the supply time≤compression top dead center of diesel oil is because the temperature and pressure in the compression top dead center front air cylinder is all very low, so NO _XThe condition that does not have generation.When piston during near upper dead center, gasoline ignition, the interior temperature and pressure of cylinder this moment rises very fast, almost meanwhile diesel oil is supplied with system sprays into capacity in cylinder diesel oil and very fast burning, pressure and temperature in the cylinder further rises, but to cross upper dead center descending along with piston, the combustion space of this moment is increasing, and the temperature and pressure in the cylinder is also along with rapid reduction, so the time temperature and pressure in the cylinder than low many of traditional type.Because most oxygen in the cylinder has been captured in the rapid combustion of higher mixture strength and vapour, diesel oil, and along with the continuation of temperature descends, oxynitrides has lost the condition that generates once more.Rotation along with bent axle, when main piston comes downwards to BBC 120 °, the main exhaust piston is opened main vent, master cylinder inner high voltage gas enters countercylinder thus, it is very similar to traditional precombustion chamber engine working condition that the master cylinder pressurized gas enter countercylinder, entering mixed combustion again in the process of secondary cylinder at the incomplete mixed gas of master cylinder internal combustion, because new architecture extends to more than three times of traditional type period of combustion, therefore when secondary machine end-of-job, discharge in the outer waste gas of cylinder, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon and black smoke should seldom exist.

2. reduce the best implementation methods of fuel consumption

Reducing fuel consume two mainly solves from the following aspects: (1) configuration aspects has increased the secondary machine of a cover from designing, and major-minor two machine cylinder sleeve positions all change, consequently increased the effective torque of bent axle, secondary machine set up the exhaust energy that has effectively utilized master cylinder, and the combustion utilization efficiency of fuel oil is greatly improved.(2) cylinder head, piston, cylinder sleeve have all adopted heat-insulating technique in design, therefore heat runs off seldom during oil inflame, because the purpose of burning is to make to enter cylinder when gases are heated, they expand work done, because of running off, reduces in a large number heat, too high for preventing cylinder temperature, can reduce the amount of fuel that sprays into cylinder in right amount.In addition because the cancellation of fan, water radiator, oil radiator makes the loss of motor heat littler.Fuel supply advance angle reduced when (3) change of plunger head fuel feeding limit shape made the at full capacity following work of oil pump, and the negative torque that air pressure produced bent axle when the before top dead center fuel oil burnt in advance is along with reducing.(4), make engine interior frictional force along with decline because of the reduction of engine speed.(5) because the cancellation of generator, braking air compressor, refrigeration air compressor and fan makes the outer consumption of motor littler.(6) use of decompressor in driving makes the oil consumption of motor littler.

3. reduce the best implementation methods of noise

The reason that conventional engines produces noise be following some: detonation sound and metal Strike note that compression ratio that (1) is excessive and excessive fuel supply advance angle are produced when making fuel oil shift to an earlier date fire burns.(2) noise that is produced during too early exhaust.The metal Strike note that is produced during part movement that (3) distribution device is numerous.When (4) high engine speeds turns round, the noises that movement parts produced such as connecting rod.The noise that is produced when (5) other component move.

At above-mentioned situation, compression ratio is very little during the design of (1) new architecture, and advance angle is also very little, so the noise that motor was produced when shifting to an earlier date fire burns is also very little.(2) new work engine major-minor two cylinder volumes are more than three times of traditional type volume of cylinder, so the noise that produces during the new work engine exhaust is very low.(3) new work engine intake and exhaust cylinder sleeve piston has replaced the distribution device of conventional engines, because the noise that pumping between rolling friction, piston, piston ring and the cylinder sleeve of cam and bearing produces distribution device is very little.(4) motor also decreases the noise of each movement parts because of reducing significantly of rotating speed.(5) owing to generator, fan, braking air compressor, air-conditioning air compressor in the new architecture are cancelled, so eliminate fully by the noise that these component produced.

4. reduce the best implementation methods of cost

New architecture is the many secondary machine of cover and a device for generating power by waste heat and high pressure air distributing devices in design, but cancelled the automatic advancing device of original distribution device, fan, radiator of water tank, oil radiator, turbosupercharger and supply time on the new architecture, if it is reasonable in design, can also be the cooling system cancel all, in addition, original four-cylinder can replace with major-minor two cylinder machines, six cylinder machines can replace with major-minor three cylinder machines, make the overall quantity of oil head, plunger, outlet valve and relevant component reduce half so again.A large amount of minimizings of part make the cost of new architecture can be too not high.

5. the best implementation methods that increases the service life

Because new work engine is than conventional engines, body, bent axle are very short, and operating temperature, pressure and rotating speed are all very low, so can prolong greatly working life.

6. the conllinear best implementation methods of producing

Registration has 96189 several numerals on our company's trade mark, and its implication is: (1) is the opening time of our company.(2) conventional engines cylinder diameter major part all is 0,5,8, it is 2,4,6 that small part is arranged, for distinguishing to some extent with traditional type, and for avoiding unnecessary dispute, and can produce with close type conllinear again, thus the cylinder diameter mantissa that our company designs must have 9,6,1,8 one of them.Its unit can be a millimeter, also can be decimillimeter.

7. reduce the best implementation methods of delivery temperature

(1) decline of fuel consumption rate has directly reduced the exhaust temperature of tail gas.

(2) use of device for generating power by waste heat makes the temperature of discharging lower.

Obviously, those of ordinary skill in the art can constitute various internal combustion engines with principle of the present invention.

Above embodiment is only for the usefulness that the present invention is described, but not limitation of the present invention, the those of ordinary skill in relevant technologies field can also be made various variations and distortion without departing from the present invention, so all schemes that are equal to also should belong to category of the present invention.Scope of patent protection of the present invention should be by each claim restriction.

Description of drawings

Use the internal combustion engine of electromagnetic air valve and automatically controlled pump nozzle, its operation principle is as follows:

By the shape of previously described parts as can be known, two combine into one makes by major-minor two machines for internal combustion engine, and major-minor two machine differences are that main frame has the system of supply, and slave does not have, and main frame has inlet valve and exhaust valve, and slave only has an exhaust valve. Wherein the exhaust outlet of main frame is exactly the air inlet of slave, and the exhaust outlet of slave also is the exhaust outlet of main frame. On the body major-minor machine cylinder sleeve all to the direction translation of crankshaft rotating separately certain distance, and slave cylinder sleeve cross-sectional area is about the twice of main frame, major-minor machine crankshaft length difference, but radius of turn identical (also can be different), but major-minor bent axle rotating Vortex, also can reversely rotate, suppose that now two bent axles all turn clockwise. In the face of motor head (flywheel end reverse side) left side is main frame, the right is slave, and the major-minor machine is correctly connected by timing gears, run-in synchronism, and the power that slave produces is at work outwards exported by the main frame flywheel. Main frame piston (11) at work, leading (15) 60 ° of crank angles of slave piston all the time, as shown in Figure 1 (annotate: the angle of the leading slave piston of main frame piston according to circumstances can be between 20 °-160 °). If run to highest point as top dead-centre take piston, then corresponding lowest part is bottom dead centre. Wherein 1. main frame inlet valve (5) moment of opening is: host work piston (11) is in 120 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 5. The moment of main frame IC Intake Valve Closes is that host work piston (11) is in 60 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 7. 2. main exhaust door (9) moment of opening is: main frame piston (11) runs to BBC 120 °, as shown in Figure 2. The moment that main exhaust door (9) is closed is: main frame piston (11) runs to 90 ° of before top dead center, such as Fig. 6. 3. slave exhaust valve (13) moment of opening is that slave piston (15) moves to BBC 30 °, as shown in Figure 4. The moment that slave exhaust valve (13) cuts out fully is: slave piston (15) moves to 20 ° of before top dead center. 4. the oil spout of gasoline nozzle (7) is constantly, about 50 ° of main piston before top dead center. 5. plug ignition is constantly for the main frame piston moves to about 3 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 8. 6. automatically controlled pump nozzle (8) fuel feeding is≤3 ° of before top dead center constantly, as shown in Figure 8. 7. the distributing shaft that formally supplies water for water cooling is constantly: the main frame piston moves to 160 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 4. Finishing to supply water constantly is 10 ° of main frame piston before top dead center, as shown in Figure 8. Engine starting process: open the mechanism of decompressor (not drawing because drawing is limited) supply system is not worked. Connect start-up circuit, engine rotates under the driving of starter motor, when engine speed reaches one regularly, close decompressor, and make and supply with system and recover normal operation, along with the rotation of bent axle, when the main frame piston is up moved to 150 ° of before top dead center by bottom dead centre, as shown in Figure 4: the slave exhaust valve is opened, and has the gas of pressure all to discharge through the slave exhaust outlet in the major-minor two machine cylinders. Bent axle continues rotation, when main frame piston stroking upward during to 120 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 5. This moment, the main frame inlet valve was opened, and the fresh air with equivalent pressure that is come by gascollecting cap cylinder pours master cylinder, and will original remaining waste gas extrusion main unit cylinder, wherein have a small amount of fresh air with waste gas together by outside the slave discharge machine. Bent axle continues rotation, when the main frame piston runs to 90 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 6. At this moment, the main exhaust door is closed fully, and slave is still in exhaust, and main frame is still in air inlet. Bent axle continues rotation, when the main frame piston runs to 60 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 7. This moment the main frame IC Intake Valve Closes, main frame begins compression thus, slave this moment is still in exhaust. Bent axle continues rotation, and the gasoline nozzle begins to spray into a small amount of gasoline in master cylinder, and when crankshaft rotating during to 3 ° of before top dead center, as shown in Figure 8, this moment, spark plug began igniting. Gasoline mixture takes fire, the very fast rising of in-cylinder pressure and temperature, and almost meanwhile, automatically controlled pump nozzle also begins to spray into an amount of diesel oil in cylinder, and rapidly burning. In-cylinder pressure and temperature further rise, and this moment, slave was still in exhaust. Bent axle continues rotation, the very fast arrival top dead-centre of main frame piston, and as shown in Figure 1, the main frame inner cylinder pressure is near peak value at this moment, and this moment, slave was still in exhaust. Bent axle continues rotation, and the main frame piston is crossed top dead-centre and begun work done. When extremely BBC 140 ° of main frame piston works done, as shown in Figure 9. The slave piston is apart from 20 ° of before top dead center, slave exhaust valve closing this moment. Bent axle continues rotation, when extremely BBC 120 ° of main frame piston works done, during slave piston arrives top dead-centre, as shown in Figure 2. At this moment, the main exhaust door is opened. Gases at high pressure in the main frame cylinder enter the slave cylinder by the main exhaust door, the simultaneously work done of major-minor two machines. Bent axle continues rotation, when the main frame piston moves to bottom dead centre, when the slave piston runs to BBC 60 °, as shown in Figure 3. The main frame work done finishes, and slave is still in work done. Bent axle continues rotation, and the main frame piston begins up and makes negative work, and the slave piston is still in work done, and the work done of slave institute is greater than the main frame negative work. Bent axle continues rotation, and the main frame piston stroking upward is during to 150 ° of before top dead center, and as shown in Figure 4, next operation cycle begins thus. Engine is normal start after, cut off rapidly start-up circuit, engine idling operation minute, treat that the gentle engine oil pressure of engine water is normal after, engine can normally use.

Accompanying drawing part name and color showing

1. Timing water supply distribution shaft

2. timing water supply counter gear

3. timing gear

4. main frame intake duct

5. main frame electromagnetism intake valve

6. spark plug

7. petrol jet

8. electrically-controlled pump nozzle

9. main frame electromagnetism exhaust valve

10. major-minor machine cylinder sleeve connecting passage

11. main frame piston

12. cylinder head

13. secondary dynamo-electric magnetic exhaust valve

14. secondary machine air outlet flue

15. secondary machine piston

16. secondary machine wrist pin

17. secondary machine connecting rod

18. secondary machine cylinder sleeve

19. secondary machine crankshaft timing gear

20. secondary machine crankshaft

21. idle gear

22. host crankshaft timing gear

23. idle gear

24. idle gear

25. gear transmission chain

26. main engine connecting rod

27. main frame cylinder sleeve

28. main frame wrist pin

29. body

30. host crankshaft

Black represents that fuel oil burns

Light black is represented exhaust

Light/dark balance is represented the mixed gas of fresh air and waste gas

White expression fresh air

Black is represented cooling water.

Claims (30)

1. described " major-minor machine disjunctor, skew cylinder sleeve, two-stroke, cogeneration, ignition type internal-combustion engine " is called for short internal combustion engine.It mainly comprises following mechanism, system and important component: (1) body, cylinder sleeve and connecting rod.(2) supply with system.(3) cylinder head and cylinder bed.(4) lubricating system.(5) cooling system.(6) timing gear.(7) oil sump.(8) temperature difference electricity generation device and storage battery.(9) starting mechanism.(10) fuel tank etc.Described internal combustion engine is characterised in that said mechanism, system and important component have constituted internal combustion engine.

2. according to claims 1 described internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: 360 ° of the every rotations of major-minor machine crankshaft, each cylinder difference work done of major-minor machine once.

3. according to claims 1 described internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: have the fresh air of suitable pressure when the main frame piston stroking upward, to infeed the main frame cylinder in the engine operation.

4. according to claims 1 described internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: the pressurized gas of secondary machine cylinder work done are imported into by the main frame cylinder.

5. according to the special case of claims 1 described internal combustion engine, it is characterized in that: there is not the internal combustion engine of secondary machine, still can proper functioning.

6. according to claims 1 (1) described internal combustion engine body, it is characterized in that: two or more sleeve ports are arranged on the body.

7. according to claims 6 described internal combustion engine bodies, it is characterized in that: can adorn two kinds of bent axles on the body.

8. according to claims 6 described internal combustion engine bodies, it is characterized in that: major-minor machine sleeve port all to the direction translation of crankshaft rotating separately certain distance.

9. according to claims 6 described internal combustion engine bodies, it is characterized in that: the major-minor main bearing studs with high-strength steel sheet in the hole, causes body to scrap when preventing careless tile kilning.

10. according to claims 1 (1) described cylinder sleeve of engine, it is characterized by: this cylinder sleeve is two-layer above and specific combination cylinder sleeve with heat insulating effect.

11. comprise major-minor machine crankshaft, major-minor machine connecting rod, major-minor machine piston, major-minor machine piston ring, major-minor machine wrist pin and flywheel etc. according to claims 1 (1) described connecting rod.Described major-minor machine crankshaft is characterised in that: each cylinder working angular interval be 360 ° divided by the cylinder number.

12. according to claims 11 described major-minor machine connecting rods, its essential characteristic is: its cross-sectional area and weight, all less than the cross-sectional area and the weight of same specification conventional linkage.

13., it is characterized in that according to the described major-minor machine of claims piston: its top with high temperature resistant sheet metal, below add the high strength thermal-protective material and cast in aluminum alloy.

14. according to the described major-minor machine of claims wrist pin, it is characterized in that: its cross-sectional area and weight are all less than same specification conventional piston pin cross-sectional area and weight.

15. according to the described flywheel of claims, it is characterized in that: compare with same specification tradition flywheel, its diameter, thickness, flywheel screw hole size all will strengthen.

16. 1 (2) described supply is to comprise that gas supply system, diesel oil are supplied with system and the air supply is according to claims.Described supply is to be characterised in that: system supplied with by gas supply system, diesel oil and the air supply is to work simultaneously or do not work, also can work respectively simultaneously.

At least comprise inline plunger pump 17. supply with system according to the described diesel oil of claims.The plunger of described in-line arrangement oil pump is improved, it is characterized in that: plunger head fuel feeding limit be one with stop for limit rotation direction opposite oblique line, the size of oblique line and plunger head plane included angle and the length of oblique line, should on the size of plunger diameter and join diesel engine specified oil mass decide.Certain displacement has also been done on the confession limit of stopping of plunger downwards.If the draining limit after improving with improve preceding draining limit and equate, do one so and intersect at original stopping for the limit through the intersection point of fuel feeding limit and plane, summit line and the straight line that is parallel to plunger axis, connect this intersection point with improve the formed line segment of back draining limit lower extreme point be exactly improve back-plunger stopping supplying the limit.So the plunger of shape is applicable to all plunger oil pumps.

Comprise gascollecting cap cylinder, rotator type air compressor (or piston type air compressor or electromagnetic type air compressor) and distribution device 18. supply with system according to claims 16 described air.Described gascollecting cap cylinder and air compressor are characterised in that: the combination of the two has constituted the source of the gas of internal combustion engine uniqueness.

19. comprise that according to claims 18 described distribution devices main air inlet cylinder sleeve, piston, piston ring, wrist pin, roller, camshaft assembly (if the place that piston base contacts with camshaft is flat, then can remain wrist pin and roller.) major-minor exhaust cylinder sleeve, piston, piston ring, wrist pin, roller, camshaft (3 camshafts also can substitute with 1).Described each gas distribution piston is characterised in that: its top casts in aluminum alloy with adding the high strength thermal-protective material under the high temperature resistant sheet metal, and afterbody has roller or rolling bearing.

20., it is characterized in that:, be drilled with the pore in some and aperture with respect to the position of cylinder head air flue according to claims 19 described each distribution cylinder sleeve.

21. according to claims 19 described each distribution cam axle, it is characterized in that: the shape and size of cam have determined the moment, time and the open degree that each gas port opens and closes.

22., it is characterized in that: four holes are arranged on the cylinder head, be used to fit into cylinder liner, main exhaust cylinder sleeve, secondary exhaust cylinder sleeve and decompression cylinder sleeve according to claims 1 (3) described cylinder head.There is suction port the main frame side, secondary pusher side face has relief opening, main exhaust has an air flue to link to each other with secondary machine cylinder sleeve, and the bottom combustion chamber constituent element has special heat-proof device, also has oil injector hole, spark-plug hole, gasoline spray orifice, camshaft holder mounting hole and cylinder cap screw hole etc. above.

23. comprise Centrifugal water pump and timing water supply distribution shaft according to claims 1 (5) described cooling system.Described timing water supply distribution shaft is characterised in that: with respect to each cylinder watercourse port of main frame a water outlet is arranged respectively.When distribution shaft rotated, when each water outlet was relative with certain cylinder watercourse port, cooling water cooled off this cylinder, finished when water outlet is plugged to supply water.

24. according to claims 1 (6) described timing gear, it is characterized in that: the number of teeth of each timing gear, modulus, diameter all equate.

25. according to claims 1 (7) described oil sump, it is characterized in that: the below with respect to the collection filter screen is equipped with resistive heating device.

26. according to claims 1 (8) described temperature difference electricity generation device, it is characterized in that: thermal source comes from the heat in engine cooling water and the exhaust emissions.

27. comprise storage battery, Starter and decompression mechanism of air cylinder according to claims 1 (9) described starting mechanism.The described mechanism of decompressor comprises decompression shaft, decompression arm, storage battery and decompression control circuit.The described mechanism of decompressor is characterised in that: during automobile traveling, utilize the mechanism of decompressor, control the situation of motor in good time, motor is among work or the idle checker all the time, thereby reach the purpose of energy-saving and emission-reduction.

28. according to claims 27 described mechanisms of decompressor, it is characterized in that: in certain scope, the mechanism of decompressor both can manual control, also can control automatically.

29., both can be original valve, also can reset according to the valve that claims 27 described mechanisms of decompressor are controlled.The valve of resetting is characterised in that: can be designed to electromagnetic air valve and be beneficial to control.

30. according to claims 1 (10) described fuel tank, it is characterized in that: cylindrical oil tank one case is dual-purpose, and diesel fuel tanks has resistive heating device, and two reservoir port anti-theft oil, ventilating hole have the high efficiency filter device, and convertible waste heating device is arranged at the fuel tank bottom.

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