CN1158940A - Circulating operation process of internal combustion engine and its embodiment - Google Patents
Circulating operation process of internal combustion engine and its embodiment Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
By changing common four strokes of internal combustion engine into two two-stroke circulations, i.e., compressing stroke and working stroke, in two cylinders and performing the alternative combustion course inside two independent combustors outside cylinders, multiple cylinder internal combustion engine with two or three cylinders are constituted. The present invention can raise the comprehensive performance of engine, simplify its structure, reduce its volume, weight and production cost,a nd makes it suitable for various fuels.
Description
The present invention relates to a kind of method of engine cycle work and implement the device of this method
Internal-combustion engine is that a kind of thermal power transfer that fuel combustion is produced is the heating power formula engine device of mechanical energy.Burning occurs in the acting working medium, does work by the mechanical motion of working medium expansion driven.According to the forms of motion of machine for doing work, internal-combustion engine can be divided into piston type and rotator type again, and wherein internal-combustion piston engine is most widely used.
Internal-combustion engine is compared with other heat engines, has light weight, and volume is little, the efficient height, and power range is wide, starts advantages such as fast and easy and simple to handle.Use as power and be widely used in the machineries such as automobile, the energy, agricultural, mine.Only be example with the car combustion engine, the whole world has had 600,000,000,7,000 ten thousand of annual productions, and wherein 80% is piston engine.Nearly 1,500,000,000 tons of year fuel consumption is topmost petroleum-based energy consumer.According to estimates, can only supply the needs of human 50-70 on the earth for the oil of exploitation.Therefore, improve the efficient of internal-combustion engine, energy saving reduces exhaust emission pollution, develops new alternative energy resources, has become one of subject under discussion of paying close attention to most countries in the world.China is no exception, produce 3000000 in internal-combustion engine per year, but the quality of internal-combustion engine and efficient is far below level of developed countries.
The industrial engines of first practicality be 1860 be fuel spark ignition two stroke IC engine with coal gas by Frenchman's Reynolds invention.German engineer's Otto invention spark ignition four-stroke gas engine in 1876.Daimler invention spark ignition four-stroke gasoline engines in 1885 also are used widely.German Rudoiph Diesel invention was with the compression-ignition four-cycle diesel in 1897.In earlier 1900s, the method for work of internal-combustion engine and basic structure are promptly definite, become a mature technique.In subsequently more than 100 year, people make great efforts untiringly for aspects such as the Economy of improving internal-combustion engine, power character, stability, durability, clean static stability, and its performance is greatly improved.But the method for work of internal-combustion engine, basic structure never change.Also promptly now each working cylinder of all internal-combustion engines all circulates according to the four-journey of Otto and operates.The every acting of each cylinder once all will be passed through air inlet, compression, (burning) work done and four strokes of exhaust.This periodic duty method of finishing four strokes in a cylinder can abbreviate 1 * 4 method as.
For understanding technical background of the present invention better, below be that example is sketched this four working strokes with the internal-combustion piston engine.The internal-combustion engine of other modes, as wankel three-apexed rotor formula internal-combustion engine etc., its periodic duty method is identical therewith, and just the formation of cylinder and form etc. are different.
(1) the intake stroke piston moves to lower dead center from top dead center, and its top, top volume progressively increases IVO Inlet Valve Open, exhaust valve closes, and fresh air or inflammable mixture enter cylinder under the pull of vacuum effect, and bent axle turns over 180 degree, the piston arrives lower dead center, IC Intake Valve Closes.
(2) compression piston moves to top dead center from lower dead center, its top, top volume progressively dwindles, the inlet and outlet door closes, air or inflammable mixture are compressed, temperature and pressure raises, and bent axle turns over 360 degree, during the piston arrives top dead center, as compressed be fresh air, then by nozzle ejection high pressure fuel atomizing formation inflammable mixture.
(3) the working stroke piston is near top dead center, and inflammable mixture high temperature spontaneous combustion or by spark plug discharge ignition combustion, gas temperature pressure sharply raises and expands promotes piston and moves to lower dead center from top dead center, makes bent axle rotate acting by connecting rod.Gas temperature pressure descends.Bent axle turns over 540 degree, piston arrives lower dead center.
(4) exhaust stroke at working stroke at the end, exhaust valve leaves, piston moves to top dead center from lower dead center, the waste gas after the acting is excluded cylinder under self overbottom pressure and piston extruding, bent axle turns over 720 degree, piston arrives after bottom dead center, exhaust valve closing.There is following thermal loss in internal-combustion engine in above-mentioned cyclic process: 1). the working medium loss; 2). the heat transfer loss; 3). radiation loss; 4). combustible loss: pre-ignition, stagnant combustion, after-burning, afterburning and partial combustion; 5). mechanical loss.Wherein based on the radiation loss of tail gas, account for 35-45%, secondly the Cooling Heat Transfer loss accounts for 15-25%, and unknown losses is 5-10%.The real effective efficiency of internal-combustion engine then has only 20-45%.
When not considering to conduct heat with unknown losses, the indicated efficiency of internal-combustion engine is
η=1-(λ ρ
κ-1)/(ε
κ-1(λ-1)+κ λ (ρ-1)) in the formula, ε is a compression ratio, and λ is the constant volume step-up ratio, and κ is a ratio of specific heat, and ρ is the level pressure cut-off ratio.Increasing compression ratio ε, step-up ratio λ, ratio of specific heat κ and minimizing cut-off ratio ρ all can provide engine thermal efficiency.
But the compression ratio of petrol engine is subjected to the restriction of gas knock and is difficult to improve, ε=6-10, and indicated efficiency only is 40-55%.The compression ratio of diesel engine is higher, ε=16-24, but period of combustion is long, the big ρ=1.5-2.5 of cut-off ratio, indicated efficiency η=50-60%.Diesel engine is compared with petrol engine, obtains higher power and efficient because of compression ratio is high, good economy performance, waste gas blowdown simultaneously (CO, HC) few.But power character and stationarity are poor, and tail gas contains soot, and noise is big, manufacture cost and difficulty height.
Two stroke IC engine is the air inlet in the four-stroke and exhaust process to be incorporated in finish at piston lower dead center place and based on compression and working stroke.Its main shaft whenever rotate a circle be work done once, specific power is bigger, stationarity is good, but the inlet and outlet time is too short, exhaust emissions not to the utmost, efficient is low, oil consumption is big, and is less economical, exhaust emission pollution is serious.Application surface is narrower.
In nearly decades, the main research of relevant internal-combustion engine and invention all are round the efficient that improves internal-combustion engine, power and reduce and pollute and expansion, can be summarized as following several aspect:
* Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) and ignition system
* improve combustion process (layering lean combustion, turbulent flow, swirl combustion)
* raising compression ratio (petrol engine antiknock shake and surface ignition technology)
* exhaust gas turbocharge
* reduce exhaust pollution (waste gas circulation adds the water burning, three-element catalytic etc.) referring to following cited literature 2:
1). " internal combustion (IC) Engine Design introduction ", H. Liszt, China Machine Press, 1980.
2). " the nineties internal-combustion engine ", Zhao Shilin, publishing house of Shanghai Communications University, 1992
3). " open type and divided combustion chamber stratified charge engine ", Ah's Brant, Beijing automobile, 1979.2
4). " latest development of the MCP of Mitsubishi stratified charge engine ", M.Miyake, Beijing automobile, 1979.3
5). " the pinking damage mechanism of petrol engine and prevent measure ", N.Adolph, compact internal combustion engine, 1985.4
6). " supercharging of internal combustion engine technology ", Song Shouxin, publishing house of Tongji University, 1992
7). " research and the application of fuel oil infiltration burning ", Yu Zisheng, compact internal combustion engine, 1983.3
8). " Purification of IC Exhaustive Gas ", Wei Xincun, Jin nation, publishing house of HUST, world patent (F02B) document of 1991 retrievals since the sixties find the patent close with the present invention as yet, and otherwise patent is too many, so unreferenced.
Though more than all effort improved the performance of internal-combustion engine, the structure of internal-combustion engine also correspondingly becomes increasingly complex, technical requirements is more and more higher, manufacture cost is also increasing.And, because there is following intrinsic defect in present quartastroke engine, restricted the further raising of power and efficient.
A. main combustion chamber is formed by piston, cylinder, cylinder cap; for petrol engine; the increasing compression ratio in order to raise the efficiency (＞8-10) time; pinking just may take place in gasoline; promptly cause the multiple spot dieseling of a part of unburned mixture before normal flame does not arrive in the firing chamber; cause pressure sharply to rise and formation shock wave and high frequency dynamic load; act on the main movement parts such as piston, connecting rod, bent axle; destroy the lubricated of each kinematic pair; light internal-combustion engine cisco unity malfunction then is heavy then cause the damage of motor.Therefore, the pinking of gasoline is the obstacle that improves petrol engine efficient, each big internal-combustion engine manufacturer of countries in the world has all dropped into a large amount of manpower and materials and has studied, as May fireball formula firing chamber, the CVCC burning systems of the PPC of the TCCS of Texaco company, Ford company, Honda company etc., compression ratio also can only reach 12-13 when using high-knock rating gasoline.Low compression ratio has also limited the application of supercharging technology on petrol engine, has hindered the raising of petrol engine power.
B. main combustion chamber and cylinder are straight-through, high temperature and explosive force that fuel combustion produces act directly on the main movement parts, the operating mode of each kinematic pair is abominable, and is all very high to material selection, structural design, machining accuracy, heat treatment process and the matching requirements of engine crankshaft, connecting rod, piston, valve, cylinder, cylinder cap and each bearing pair.Particularly higher diesel engine to compression ratio, in the firing chamber mixed gas almost simultaneously fire burns, the rate of pressure rise is very big, rough running must increase the dimensional weight and the intensity of each parts, vibration and noise is also very big.
C. working medium burning and work done are in one stroke, and the time of distributing to combustion process is very limited, through combustion, quick burning, deflagration and the afterburning process of stagnating, generally have only the 30-40 Shaft angle of writing music from (oil spout, gasification, mixing) igniting.When the rotating speed 3000rpm of motor, time corresponding is 2ms.Further improve as rotating speed, harsh more to the requirement of assisting agencies such as distribution, igniting, oil spout on the one hand, as diesel injection pump, requirement provides accurate high pressure oil mass according to the given time in 1-2ms under different loads and rotating speed, its manufacture difficulty is sizable, for petrol engine, if want to pass through in-cylinder direct injection, organize stratified mixture combustion to improve compression ratio, implement also very difficult.On the other hand, general fuel normal combustion is essential through physics and chemistry preparatory stage, delay period as gasoline is 0.5-1ms, diesel oil delay period be 0.8-1.5ms, the rotating speed time give combustion process that raises is shorter, incomplete combustion, the thermal efficiency reduces, and blowdown is serious, and the rate of pressure rise is bigger simultaneously, it is more rough to work, and vibration noise sharply increases.Under existing working method, raise the efficiency with power be conflicting with reducing rough running degree (pinking), in time domain, be difficult to solve.Therefore, at present the rotating speed of petrol engine generally be limited in 6000rpm, diesel engine 45rpm with.
D. main combustion chamber forms in the piston motion process, along with the startup of motor, the variation of load and the height of rotating speed, altering a great deal of its temperature field, pressure field, inhomogeneous in spatial distribution in addition, particularly gap between casing wall, piston and cylinder sleeve, cylinder cap etc. is located, fuel can not perfect combustion, is the main cause that exhaust gases of internal combustion engines pollutes.In addition, work done be compressed in the same cylinder, stroke is identical, compression ratio equals expansion ratio, has limited and turbo charged best fit, has restricted the further raising of power efficiency.
In a word, the method for work of present quartastroke engine, because main combustion chamber is formed jointly by piston, cylinder cap, firing chamber and cylinder are straight-through, and working medium compression, burning and acting have caused the efficient of petrol engine low, less economical in one stroke, and blowdown is serious; Problems such as diesel engine work is rough, and weight and size are bigger, and assisting agency requires high, and vibration, noise and soot are big.
Purpose of the present invention: be power character (power and torque characteristics), Economy (efficient), stationarity (shock and vibration), durability (life-span) and the clean static stability (blowdown and noise) that comprehensively improves internal-combustion engine by the related device that a kind of new engine cycle method of work is provided and implements this method, simplify Structure of Internal-Combustion Engine, reduce volume, the weight of internal-combustion engine, reduce manufacture cost, and can be fit to pluralities of fuel.
The present invention realizes in the following way: the circulation (1 * 4) of the air inlet of internal-combustion engine, compression, (burning) acting, four working strokes of exhaust is converted respectively to the circulation (2 * 2) of two two strokes that undertaken by two cylinders; One of them is two stroke cycle of air inlet, compression, is called for short the circulation of calming the anger, and finishes this circuit cylinder of calming the anger and is air cylinder; Another is two stroke cycle of acting, exhaust, is called for short work cycle, and the circuit cylinder of finishing the work is clutch release slave cylinder; Simultaneously, combustion process is separated from working stroke, be placed in outer two of being provided with of cylinder independently but each all have by the passage of valve control and hocket respectively with among firing chamber A, the B that air cylinder is connected with clutch release slave cylinder, organically couple together by following working procedure by the sequence control of valve this two circulations of will calming the anger and work: main axis rotation 0-180 degree: air cylinder is finished intake stroke for the first time, clutch release slave cylinder is finished exhaust stroke for the first time
Pressurized air among the A of firing chamber forms high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas through the oil spout ignition; Main axis rotation 180-360 degree: air cylinder is finished gas pressuring stroke for the first time, and compressed air is stored in burning
Among the B of chamber; High-temperature high-pressure fuel gas among the A of firing chamber sprays in the clutch release slave cylinder after the exhaust
Expand and do work, clutch release slave cylinder is finished working stroke for the first time; Main axis rotation 360-540 degree: air cylinder is finished intake stroke for the second time, and clutch release slave cylinder is finished exhaust stroke for the second time,
Pressurized air among the B of firing chamber forms high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas through the oil spout ignition.Main axis rotation 540-720 degree: air cylinder is finished gas pressuring stroke for the second time, and compressed air is stored in burning
Among the A of chamber; High-temperature high-pressure fuel gas among the B of firing chamber sprays in the clutch release slave cylinder after the exhaust
Expand and do work, clutch release slave cylinder is finished working stroke for the second time.Internal-combustion engine returns to and follows
The ring original state begins the next round circulation again; This shows that main shaft whenever rotates two circles, air cylinder is finished secondary air inlet, compression cycle, and clutch release slave cylinder is finished twice work doing row, gas circulation, and firing chamber A, B respectively finish the circulation of once inflation, oil spout, igniting, burning and venting.Above-mentioned basic Recurrence Process is being applied to multi-form internal-combustion engine, and when three cylinder basic structure internal-combustion piston engines or rotary internal combustion engine, it is different that the pairing angle of eccentricity of above-mentioned circulation is finished in cylinder and firing chamber as described later.
Corresponding, the internal-combustion engine arrangement of implementing this method will comprise at least: finish the circuit air cylinder of calming the anger for one, the circuit clutch release slave cylinder of finishing the work, two are positioned at outside air cylinder and the clutch release slave cylinder but each all has firing chamber A and the B that is connected with clutch release slave cylinder with air cylinder respectively by the passage of valve control, and the above-mentioned parts of a cover cooperation are implemented mechanisms such as circuit distribution of the present invention, fuel feeding, igniting.
Internal-combustion piston engine for this method of enforcement, because the relative independentability of air cylinder and clutch release slave cylinder, therefore can form two kinds of basic structural units, a kind of two cylinder basic structures of air cylinder-burning chamber-clutch release slave cylinder form of forming by the burning chamber of two independent combustion chambers by an air cylinder, clutch release slave cylinder and inside, and make up as the unit and to be extended to array, V-type or other forms of two cylinder, four cylinders, six cylinders, eight cylinders or the multi-cylinder piston internal-combustion engine more than eight cylinders; Three cylinder basic structures of clutch release slave cylinder-burning chamber-air cylinder-burning chamber-clutch release slave cylinder form that another kind is made up of an air cylinder, two clutch release slave cylinders and two burning chambers (all there are two firing chambers each inside), wherein air cylinder is simultaneously to the firing chamber of two clutch release slave cylinder correspondences air feed, and can this three cylinders basic structure be that the unit makes up and is extended to the above multi-cylinder piston internal-combustion engine of array, V-type or other forms of three cylinders, six cylinders or six cylinders.
In aforesaid piston internal-combustion machine:
The volume of air cylinder can be the same or different than the volume of clutch release slave cylinder, and the air cylinder volume depends on compression ratio, and the volume of clutch release slave cylinder depends on expansion ratio.When expansion ratio during greater than compression ratio, efficient improves and power descends, and need consider the 1-2 that general optional expansion ratio is a compression ratio when no supercharging device times according to the purposes balance of internal-combustion engine.Steady load as internal-combustion engine, when volume is unrestricted, should select big expansion ratio to improve Economy to obtain higher thermal efficient, fuel saving is when the internal combustion engine configurations waste gas supercharger, compression ratio and expansion ratio can be selected flexibly according to the characteristic of pressurized machine, reach best fit.
Air cylinder covers the intake valve that is provided with 1-4 synchronous working and links to each other with intake duct, opens in the air cylinder intake stroke, closes in compression stroke.The exhaust valve that working-cylinder head is provided with 1-4 synchronous working links to each other with outlet pipe, opens in the clutch release slave cylinder exhaust stroke, closes in working stroke.The diameter of inlet and outlet door is the 1/2-1/5 of cylinder bore.
Each firing chamber in the burning chamber all has two passages of one-in-and-one-out to be connected with clutch release slave cylinder with air cylinder respectively, is equipped with the in good time open and close that valve separates firing chamber and cylinder and controlling each passage in each passage.When inflated the firing chamber, Inflation door was opened at air cylinder, and blast gate cuts out; When clutch release slave cylinder was exitted, blast gate was opened in the firing chamber, and Inflation door is closed, the open degree can regulate inner pressure of air cylinder rise rate of control blast gate; Under other states, fill, blast gate all cuts out.Firing chamber valve diameter is the 1/4-1/20 of cylinder bore.The Inflation door end is provided with a boss, and when the firing chamber blast gate hinders when being stuck for some reason, indoor high pressure acts on the boss the Inflation door sealing, prevents that high-pressure gas from oppositely pouring air cylinder by Inflation door, causes Crank shaft Damage.
The firing chamber be shaped as cylinder type, ball-type or other shapes, cylinder type is convenient to machining, in volume V one regularly, gets D=(1.274V)
1/3The time firing chamber the surface to volume ratio minimum, help reducing the heat transfer loss.Two firing chambers merge the burning chamber of being made of one; The high-temperature load maximum of firing chamber internal surface, for reducing the heat transfer loss, should select the low exotic material integral manufacturing of thermal conductivity or make the firing chamber separately to be nested in the cartonning, perhaps make body, do surface treatment high temperature resistant and the high temperature oxidation resisting corrosion at the firing chamber internal surface then with ordinary metallic material.The burning chamber is made the back and is embedded in the cylinder head and between air cylinder and clutch release slave cylinder, and should be according to the requirement design cooling means of heat load.
The volume of firing chamber and the compression ratio of internal-combustion engine are inversely proportional to, and the character of compression ratio based on fuel, the combined factors such as purposes of internal-combustion engine are determined, generally between 6-40.To the cylinder type firing chamber, between combustion chamber lid and cylinder, be provided with and be threaded, the volume of the number of turns can regulate firing chamber that control spins promptly changes compression ratio, with compensation machining error and wearing and tearing or adapt to the needs of different fuel and load.The air inlet of combustion chamber biasing is tangent with cylinder, so that form strong eddy flow, helps the diffusion and the propagation of flame of fuel fluid mist.
Fuel-injection valve for high-pressure all is equipped with in each firing chamber, and the fuel injection quantity of control oil nozzle can be realized the adjusting of matter to engine load.Oil nozzle can adopt cellular type or axle type, and latter's injection pressure is low and self-cleaning action is arranged, and is comparatively suitable.High pressure oil is supplied with by plunger oil pump, and because of the cam angle increase of fuel feeding phase correspondence, the cam pressure angle reduces, and operating mode is improved.Because charge oil pressure lowers, the plunger coupled parts matching gap can appropriateness increase, and speed of related movement reduces in addition, when using the gasoline of viscosity difference, can reduce wear.Pump housing planted agent is provided with ventilation duct to the air cylinder intake duct, with the gasoline gas of recovery and blowdown pump internal leakage.
Firing chamber based on fuel characteristic apolegamy glow plug or spark plug, its position should be located at after the nozzle near nozzle by firing chamber eddy flow direction, in cold start-up or compression ratio is lower or fuel ignition quality difference etc. can not be used under the situation of compression-ignition.When fuel that uses light ends such as gasoline, control the time lag and prolong spark duration or implement repeatedly mulitple ignition by the action drives firing circuit low-pressure contact of injector valve and can guarantee the spark plug reliable ignition from fuel injection beginning to igniting.As in gasoline, mixing a certain amount of diesel oil, utilize the good advantage of the big pyrophorisity of its viscosity, both helped the lubricated of high pressure oil pump, also help the reliable ignition of firing chamber.
Closure control air cylinder air inflow also can be set according to the needs of load characteristic in the air supply pipe, come engine load is implemented the adjusting of uniting of matter, amount.
The unlatching of each cylinder and each firing chamber valve is all by being controlled by corresponding cam on one to two camshaft of main shaft drives.The rotating speed of camshaft is half of spindle speed.Two distance between shafts drive wherein one by the main shaft Toothed belt, again with another root of gear transmission when less than normal in that twin cam shaft is set; When a camshaft only is set,, rocking arm must be set or the inverted L shape driving arm drives valve because the valve center line of firing chamber departs from cylinder centerline.For eliminating the gap between cam and valve stem, can adopt hydraulic tappet.Cam design also should be considered that the appropriateness of each valve is early opened late according to valve dynamic response and gas motional inertia and close.
The present invention is than the advantage of prior art: 1). and two firing chamber alternations, when one of them was worked, another was in standby condition, played buffer function.Like this, igniting (oil spout), burning can be carried out in the angle of eccentricity more than 180 degree, and time margin enlarges more than five times than present method of work.Rotating speed 3000,6000, time corresponding is respectively 10 during 9000rpm, 5,3ms utilizes prior art can implement at leisure to firing chamber continuous injection fuel oil, fuel injection quantity is ascending, and igniting or spontaneous combustion in the rich oil district that jet forms when injection beginning, subsequently, the burning of oil spout limit, limit, form the combustion flame of steady and continuous, the temperature and pressure of working medium is progressively raise, until end of injection, consequently
A. for petrol engine, change over liquid mist diffusion combustion mode by present premixed combustion mode, the nonflame district does not exist or has only extremely rare inflammable mixture when flame forms, and also just can not produce pinking, thereby in a difficult problem that has fundamentally solved the gasoline pinking, can significantly improve the petrol engine compression ratio, not only increased power, and significantly improved the thermal efficiency, brought up to 20 from 8 as compression ratio, the petrol engine indicated efficiency brings up to 65% from 48%, and amplification reaches 17%; When sub load, can make lean combustion especially, change the situation of the poor efficiency that present petrol engine valve throttling and low compression ratio when the low-load and the slow-speed of revolution cause; For diesel engine, the oil mass of spontaneous combustion simultaneously seldom can greatly be improved firing chamber rough running degree, and the requirement of supporting facility such as its distribution, fuel feeding, igniting is greatly reduced during igniting.
B. compression ratio of internal-combustion engine can design higherly, and combustion process is both applicable to gasoline, also applicable to diesel oil or other gaseous states, liquid fuel.Particularly can use the low boiling range of octane value in 300-650K, the lightweight fraction, can reduce fractionation and improve octane value institute power consumption source and expense, reduce the fuel cost price.
C. increase period of combustion, the low synthetic fuel of hydrogen-carbon ratio that can burn like this and refine from coal is opened up fuel source widely.
D. internal-combustion engine rotational speed can improve a lot and not be subjected to the restriction of combustion process basically, the corresponding increase of power under prior art.The also configurable waste gas supercharging of petrol engine significantly improves specific power.
E. burning can fully and be to carry out in the firing chamber of the constancy of volume, has avoided afterburning, after-burning etc. to rise by factor in advance to the adverse effect of efficient, helps raising the efficiency, in the minimizing tail gas
CO, the discharging of HC or carbon black.2). the firing chamber is outside cylinder, and high temperature, high pressure that burning is produced concentrate in the little firing chamber of size simple in structure.And do not act directly on piston and other motor main members, the open degree can regulate inner pressure of air cylinder rise rate of control blast gate, improved the operating mode of stressed and each kinematic pair of main members such as piston, improved the stationarity of running, like this: the intensity of a. internal-combustion engine main member and technical requirements reduce, reduced the size and the weight of internal-combustion engine, reduced production costs;
B. the kinematic pair operating mode is improved and has been reduced frictional force, and internal-combustion engine rotational speed can correspondingly improve, and helps the increase of power;
C. combustion-chamber shape is not subjected to the restriction of cylinder, chooses reasonable parameter surface to volume ratio is reduced more than 50%, and the heat release area of high-temperature component reduces, and adopts the low material of thermal conductivity, and the cooling heat loss can correspondingly reduce;
D. the vibration of internal-combustion engine, noise significantly reduce.3). calm the anger and expansion working is finished in two cylinders respectively, like this:
A. make the circuit compression ratio less than expansion ratio by the volume ratio of not putting two cylinders, to improve the thermal efficiency; Perhaps, both can implement Load Regulation, full power output when big load by closure control air cylinder air inflow; Can when middle-low load, make the circuit actual compression ratio again, reduce the temperature and pressure of exhaust emissions, improve indicated thermal efficiency less than expansion ratio.When the supercharging of configuration waste gas, can select expansion ratio flexibly and compress the best fit that recently reaches with supercharging device.
B. the fluctuation of the stressed and heat load of clutch release slave cylinder and air cylinder and other main movement parts reduces, and helps the raising in its working life.4). the every rotation of main shaft once, clutch release slave cylinder be work done once.When adopting the internal-combustion engine of three cylinder basic structures, the work of three cylinders is equal to four cylinders of 1 * 4 circuit, thereby has simplified the structure of motor, has reduced the volume weight of motor.Cylinder equivalent swept volume can increase 38% when size of engine is identical with efficient, i.e. the corresponding increase of power is more than 38%.5). air inlet-outlet pipe corresponds respectively to air cylinder and clutch release slave cylinder, and mutual noninterference is simple in structure, is easy to arrange, helps installing the waste gas supercharging device.In addition, also can in suction tude, offer passage, valve is set, where necessary waste gas or water vapour be introduced circulation, improve blowdown.6). internal-combustion piston engine of the present invention, basic building blocks such as its bent axle, piston, connecting rod are close with existing internal-combustion piston engine, can utilize existing manufacturing equipment and technology to produce, and are easy to implement.Even to existing internal-combustion engine, by changing its cylinder cap, air inlet-outlet pipe etc. and setting up the internal-combustion engine that few parts gets final product reforming cost invention mode.
All purposes of the present invention, advantage and technological scheme will be more explicit by two specific embodiments of setting forth below in conjunction with accompanying drawing.
Accompanying drawing 1 is a prior art four-stroke internal combustion engine working method schematic representation.Accompanying drawing 2 is an internal combustion engine mode schematic representation of the present invention.Accompanying drawing 3 is the structural principle schematic representation of first embodiment of the invention.Accompanying drawing 4 is the structural representation B-B sectional view of first embodiment of the invention.Accompanying drawing 5 is the structural representation A-A sectional view of first embodiment of the invention.Accompanying drawing 6 is the structural representation C-C sectional view of first embodiment of the invention.Accompanying drawing 7 is the structural principle schematic representation of first embodiment of the invention.Accompanying drawing 8 is the crankshaft structure schematic representation of second embodiment of the invention.
Embodiment's one or two air cylinder structure internal-combustion piston engine
Two air cylinder structures that internal-combustion piston engine can provide with this example are that the unit makes up expansion, form multi-cylinder engines such as array or V-type four cylinders, six cylinders, eight cylinders to satisfy different needs.
Referring to accompanying drawing 3, internal-combustion piston engine is made up of two cylinders.Cylinder 1 is a clutch release slave cylinder, and cylinder 2 is an air cylinder.Two firing chamber A, B are arranged between clutch release slave cylinder 1 and the air cylinder 2.Concrete size such as the diameter stroke of air cylinder and clutch release slave cylinder is determined according to expansion ratio, compression ratio and other technical requirementss.
Two piston cranks, 180 degree of bent axle are opposed, and are steady to guarantee crankshaft operation.Crank angle is starting point (0 degree) with the air cylinder piston at top dead center, and this moment, air cylinder 2 was finished the inflation to firing chamber B, descent of piston air inlet.Clutch release slave cylinder 1 piston stroking upward exhaust, each cylinder and firing chamber state are with the variation such as the following table of crank angle: A firing chamber, process angle of eccentricity (degree) air cylinder firing chamber B clutch release slave cylinder
Exhaust is lighted in the vacant oil spout of 1 0-180 air inlet
2 180-360 compressive charge venting acting
Vacant exhaust is lighted in 3 360-540 air inlet oil spouts
4 540-720 compression venting inflation acting
In the said process, light and can be regarded as compression-ignition or spark ignition.In order to cooperate above process, the valve of each cylinder and firing chamber is closed when stroke finishes opening when each stroke begins under the driving of camshaft.
Referring to accompanying drawing 4,5,6, clutch release slave cylinder (1) and air cylinder (2) are arranged side by side, and cylinder cap (4) is installed on the cylinder body (3), and two camshafts (5) are bearing on the cylinder cap by former and later two rolling bearings, and are driven by Toothed belt and belt wheel (12); The rotating ratio of they and main shaft is 1: 2, can control the turnover valve of each cylinder and firing chamber so simultaneously.Camshaft whenever turns around, and the intake valve (6) of exhaust valve of clutch release slave cylinder (11) and air cylinder works twice up and down, and the cam corresponding with it should be axisymmetric shape.Inflation door of two firing chambers (7) and exhaust valve (10) then on each next time.
Be fixed with a burning chamber (9) on the cylinder head (4), two columnar firing chambers are arranged in the case, its size is by the compression ratio decision of motor.Combustion chamber lid (8) and burning chamber (9) are being threaded, and the number of turns that control screws in can be regulated compression ratio in right amount.Each firing chamber has two passages of one-in-and-one-out to be communicated with air cylinder and clutch release slave cylinder, and wherein the intake duct biasing is tangent with the firing chamber cylinder, and pressurized air enters the back and form strong eddy flow in the firing chamber; The place, passway is provided with valve (7) and (10), the valve area is unsuitable excessive or too small, excessive, then indoor gas pressure is big by the pressure that valve stem acts on the camshaft, cause the camshaft distortion, too small, the restriction loss when then gas passes through increases, efficient reduces, the 1/4-1/20 that general optional valve diameter is the clutch release slave cylinder diameter.
In this example as the diameter of establishing cylinder be 80mm, stroke also is 80mm, its volume is 402ml, getting compression ratio is 18, then combustion chamber volume is 22.3ml, its diameter with highly can be 30.5mm.The firing chamber is filled, the blast gate diameter is 1/8 of cylinder bore, i.e. 10mm; The desirable 25-30mm of valve diameter of cylinder.
The high temperature resistant requirement of firing chamber and annex thereof is high, makes with exotic material.High temperature material commonly used at present has Ni base alloy, and its operating temperature can reach 1400K.Other also have Co base and Fe base alloy etc.Stupalith also is the good heat-resistance material, and thermal conductivity is low, but when satisfying mechanical strength and impact toughness and require priority application.Needs according to heat load on the casing are provided with cooling water channel.
Corresponding to each firing chamber, also oil nozzle (14) and glow plug or spark plug (13) are installed in proper order on the casing according to indoor eddy flow direction.When being fuel, glow plug is installed with diesel oil; Spark plug changes the outfit when using other to be difficult to compression-ignition fuel.
The end of firing chamber valve (7) and (10) is conical, is positioned at the inboard, firing chamber, and the intake valve end is provided with boss, when high combustion chamber pressures intake valve is sealed, and prevents the high-pressure gas recoil or is bled in the air cylinder, influences proper functioning.The inlet and outlet door (6) of clutch release slave cylinder and air cylinder, the end of (11) is a disc, is positioned at the inboard of cylinder.For the area (6) and (11) that increase the inlet and outlet door can be that dual valve or many valves are tied Zui.Valve assembly can adopt traditional air valve structure, is made up of valve stem, valve guide bushing, valve spring, hydraulic tappet etc.
Combustion chamber high temperature will produce NOx.When temperature surpasses 1800K, N
2Molecular chain be decomposed into the N atom by the O atom of activity and generate Nox with oxygen reaction.Can adopt following inhibition method:
A. reduce supplying fuel, organize lean combustion, lower combustion temperature.
B. regulate Injection Pump and make oil spout and ignition, shorten high temperature and hold time as far as possible near working stroke.
C. in suction tude, offer passage and Jie Men, introduce waste gas or water smoke or water vapour.Contain more water vapour in the waste gas, water vapour and carbon can be tried to be the first under lower temperature water gas reaction and oxidation reaction are taken place, and can suppress the generation of NOx effectively.The introducing amount of waste gas or steam is by the joint gate control, and is general between the 0-20% of air quantity.
The Load Regulation mode of internal-combustion engine is decided according to the character of load, generally adopts matter to regulate and gets final product, but also can adopt complementary amount to regulate.As when being fuel with diesel oil, compression ratio can not be too little generally should be greater than 16, to guarantee reliable compression-ignition.For motor car engine, implement matter, amount uniting and adjustment, then Load Regulation is wider, and it is bigger that its power and moment of torsion are stocked coefficient, and power character is better.Two: three air cylinder structure internal-combustion piston engines of embodiment
The three cylinders knot 11 that internal-combustion piston engine can provide with this example is that the unit makes up expansion, forms multi-cylinder engines such as array or V-type six cylinders to satisfy different needs.Three cylinder machines are equivalent to 1 * 4 circuit four-cylinder, and six cylinder machines are equivalent to 1 * 4 circuit, eight cylinder machines.
Referring to accompanying drawing 7, motor is made up of three cylinders.Cylinder 1 and 3 is a clutch release slave cylinder, and cylinder 2 is an air cylinder.Two firing chamber A, B and C, D are arranged respectively between clutch release slave cylinder 1,3 and the air cylinder 2.Air cylinder is simultaneously to two firing chamber air feed, and when establishing compression ratio and equal expansion ratio, the volume of air cylinder 2 is twices of clutch release slave cylinder 1 volume, but then just 1.414 times of its diameters.
As establishing expansion ratio/compression ratio=1, two clutch release slave cylinder (1) of motor, the diameter of (3) is 100mm in this example, and stroke is 100mm, then volume is 785ml, and the air cylinder volume should be 2 times of clutch release slave cylinder, is 1570ml, its stroke is identical with clutch release slave cylinder, also is 100mm, and can try to achieve diameter is 141mm.Three cylinder total measurement (volume)s are 3140ml, and its power equivalent is in the four-stroke engine of same volume, and longitudinal length shortens 60mm, and have omitted parts such as a cover crank throw, bearing, piston, connecting rod and valve, reduce internal-combustion engine weight, reduce production costs.
Referring to accompanying drawing 8, two slave cylinder piston cranks, 180 degree of bent axle are opposed, and are steady to guarantee crankshaft operation.The air cylinder piston crank differs 90 degree between the two.Crank angle is starting point (0 degree) with the air cylinder piston at top dead center, air cylinder is just in time finished inflation clutch release slave cylinder 1 piston stroking upward exhaust this moment to firing chamber A, C, descending work done under cylinder 3 pistons hot gas in the D of firing chamber drives, each cylinder and firing chamber state are with the variation such as the following table of crank angle: crank angle (degree) cylinder 2 combustion A combustion B cylinders 1 combustion C fires D cylinder 3
-90-0 calms the anger to inflate and lights exhaust inflation venting acting
0-90 air inlet transition burning and gas-exhausting transition venting acting 90-180 air inlet transition venting acting is lighted the transition exhaust 180-270 transition venting acting combustion charge exhaust 270-360 that calms the anger and is calmed the anger and light inflation exhaust venting inflation acting 360-450 charge combustion transition exhaust venting transition acting 450-540 air inlet venting transition acting transition and light the exhaust 540-630 venting transition acting inflation burning and gas-exhausting of calming the anger
The structure of cylinder, valve, firing chamber and other auxiliary devices of three cylinder IC engines of present embodiment and embodiment one structural similarity no longer repeat.
Claims (10)
1. the periodic duty method of an internal-combustion engine, it is made up of the circulation of the air inlet of working medium, compression, (burning) acting, four strokes of exhaust, and the heat that fuel combustion produced is converted to mechanical energy; Feature of the present invention is: convert respectively the four-journey of working medium circulation (1 * 4) circulation (2 * 2) of two two strokes of being finished by two cylinders to, one of them be the circulation of calming the anger, and comprises air inlet, compresses two strokes, is finished by air cylinder; Another is a work cycle, comprises acting, two strokes of exhaust, is finished by clutch release slave cylinder; Simultaneously combustion process is separated from working stroke, be placed in outer two of being provided with of cylinder independently but each all have by the passage of valve control and hocket respectively with among firing chamber A, the B that air cylinder is connected with clutch release slave cylinder, organically couple together by following working procedure by the sequence control of valve this two circulations of will calming the anger and work: main axis rotation 0-180 degree: air cylinder is finished intake stroke for the first time, clutch release slave cylinder is finished exhaust stroke for the first time
Pressurized air among the A of firing chamber forms high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas through the oil spout ignition; Main axis rotation 180-360 degree: air cylinder is finished gas pressuring stroke for the first time, and compressed air is stored in burning
Among the B of chamber; High-temperature high-pressure fuel gas among the A of firing chamber sprays in the clutch release slave cylinder after the exhaust
Expand and do work, clutch release slave cylinder is finished working stroke for the first time; Main axis rotation 360-540 degree: air cylinder is finished intake stroke for the second time, and clutch release slave cylinder is finished exhaust stroke for the second time,
Pressurized air among the B of firing chamber forms high-temperature high-pressure fuel gas through the oil spout ignition; Main axis rotation 540-720 degree: air cylinder is finished gas pressuring stroke for the second time, and compressed air is stored in burning
Among the A of chamber; High-temperature high-pressure fuel gas among the B of firing chamber sprays in the clutch release slave cylinder after the exhaust
Expand and do work, clutch release slave cylinder is finished working stroke for the second time; Internal-combustion engine returns to and follows
The ring original state begins the next round circulation again; Therefore, main shaft whenever rotates two circles, and air cylinder is finished secondary air inlet, compression cycle, and clutch release slave cylinder is finished twice work doing, exhaust cycle, and firing chamber A, B respectively finish the circulation of once inflation, oil spout, igniting, burning and venting; When implementing the method on multi-form internal-combustion engine, the pairing angle of eccentricity of above-mentioned circulation is finished with different in each cylinder and firing chamber.
2. internal-combustion engine arrangement of implementing the described method of claim 1, it is made up of mechanisms such as cylinder, firing chamber and the igniting of distribution fuel feeding, it is characterized in that this device comprises at least: finish the circuit air cylinder of calming the anger for one, the circuit clutch release slave cylinder of finishing the work, one outside air cylinder and clutch release slave cylinder again the inside between this two cylinder have the burning chamber of two firing chamber A and B and a cover to cooperate mechanisms such as the described circuit distribution of above-mentioned three parts enforcement claim 1, fuel feeding and igniting; Each firing chamber of wherein burning in the chamber all has two passages of one-in-and-one-out to be connected with clutch release slave cylinder with air cylinder respectively, is equipped with valve in each passage with firing chamber and cylinder separately and controlling the in good time open and close of each passage.
3. internal-combustion engine arrangement according to claim 2, be by cylinder, piston, bent axle, the internal-combustion piston engines that mechanism formed such as connecting rod, it is characterized in that: it is one is the array that the unit makes up expansion by two cylinder basic structures, V-type or other forms of two cylinder, four cylinders, six cylinders, the multi-cylinder piston internal-combustion engine that eight cylinders or eight cylinders are above, this two cylinders basic structure is by an air cylinder, a clutch release slave cylinder and burn a chamber and the distribution of auxiliary work for it thereof, mechanisms such as fuel feeding igniting form, and its structural type is air cylinder-burning chamber-clutch release slave cylinder.
4. internal-combustion engine arrangement according to claim 2, be by cylinder, piston, bent axle, the internal-combustion piston engines that mechanism formed such as connecting rod, it is characterized in that: it is one is the array that the unit makes up expansion by three cylinder basic structures, V-type or other forms of three cylinders, the multi-cylinder piston internal-combustion engine that six cylinders or six cylinders are above, this three cylinders basic structure is by an air cylinder, two clutch release slave cylinders and two burn chamber and the distributions of auxiliary work for it thereof, mechanisms such as fuel feeding igniting form, its structural type is clutch release slave cylinder-burning chamber-air cylinder-burning chamber-clutch release slave cylinder, and wherein air cylinder is simultaneously to the firing chamber of two clutch release slave cylinder correspondences air feed.
5. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described internal-combustion engine arrangements, it is characterized in that: the volume of air cylinder is the same or different than the volume of clutch release slave cylinder; The intake valve that the air cylinder cylinder cap is provided with 1-4 synchronous working links to each other with intake duct, opens in the air cylinder intake stroke, closes in compression stroke; The exhaust valve that the clutch release slave cylinder cylinder cap is provided with 1-4 synchronous working links to each other with outlet pipe, opens in the clutch release slave cylinder exhaust stroke, closes in working stroke.
6. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described internal-combustion engine arrangements, it is characterized in that: be provided with Inflation door in the passage between firing chamber and air cylinder, be provided with blast gate in the passage between firing chamber and clutch release slave cylinder; When air cylinder when inflate the firing chamber, Inflation door is opened, blast gate cuts out; When the firing chamber when clutch release slave cylinder is exitted, blast gate is opened, Inflation door is closed; Under other states, fill, blast gate all cuts out; Fill, the end of blast gate is for conical, the valve diameter is the 1/4-1/20 of clutch release slave cylinder diameter, the Inflation door end also is provided with boss.
7. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described internal-combustion engine arrangements, it is characterized in that: the volume of firing chamber is between the 1/6-1/40 of air cylinder volume; Each firing chamber be cylinder type, combustion chamber lid with its to be threaded, the volume of the number of turns can regulate firing chamber that control spins is a compression ratio; Firing chamber intake duct biasing is tangent with cylinder; The firing chamber makes with the low exotic material of thermal conductivity.
8. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described internal-combustion engine arrangements, it is characterized in that: fuel-injection valve for high-pressure and apolegamy glow plug or spark plug all are equipped with in each firing chamber, the position of glow plug or spark plug along firing chamber eddy flow direction after oil nozzle, and near oil nozzle; At equipped glow plug during for fuel with diesel oil, configuration spark plug when using gasoline or other to be difficult to the fuel of compression ignite, its igniting is that the action by injector valve triggers.
9. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described internal-combustion engine arrangements, it is characterized in that: this device is with gasoline, perhaps diesel oil, the perhaps miscella of gasoline and diesel oil, perhaps boiling range between 300 to 650K in, the light petroleum cut, the synthetic engine fuel that perhaps from coal, obtains, perhaps other inflammable gass or liquid are fuel, spray in the firing chamber by oil nozzle, and in the firing chamber, finish the diffusive combustion of gas or liquid mist.
10. according to claim 2,3 or 4 described internal-combustion engine arrangements, it is characterized in that: the unlatching of each cylinder and each firing chamber valve is all by being controlled by corresponding cam on one to two camshaft of main shaft drives, the rotating speed of camshaft is half of spindle speed, and two firing chambers that the cam drive valve is controlled in the same burning chamber are in the gaseity that charges and discharge that replaces.
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| CN 97100644 CN1158940A (en) | 1997-03-06 | 1997-03-06 | Circulating operation process of internal combustion engine and its embodiment |
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| CN 97100644 CN1158940A (en) | 1997-03-06 | 1997-03-06 | Circulating operation process of internal combustion engine and its embodiment |
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| CN100334336C (en) * | 2004-06-17 | 2007-08-29 | 马登科 | Double-cylinder circulating internal combustion engine and its method for mainly realizing thermal insulation and homogeneous lean burn |
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| CN102312719A (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2012-01-11 | 周向进 | Compression ignition type low-octane-value gasoline engine |
| CN102312719B (en) * | 2010-07-07 | 2013-08-28 | 周向进 | Compression ignition type low-octane-value gasoline engine |
| CN104819048A (en) * | 2015-05-02 | 2015-08-05 | 周虎 | Internal combustion engine with independent combustion chamber |
| CN106121857A (en) * | 2016-08-10 | 2016-11-16 | 李洪刚 | The air cylinder driven electromotor that a kind of fuel chamber is external |
| CN110392772A (en) * | 2017-03-15 | 2019-10-29 | 沃尔沃卡车集团 | Internal combustion engine |
| US11118503B2 (en) | 2017-03-15 | 2021-09-14 | Volvo Truck Corporation | Internal combustion engine |
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| CN108730045A (en) * | 2018-03-29 | 2018-11-02 | 刘法锐 | A kind of adaptive valve control piston engine |
| CN110388265A (en) * | 2018-04-23 | 2019-10-29 | 杨铁成 | Multi fuel internal combustion type heat engine |
| CN110578602A (en) * | 2019-08-12 | 2019-12-17 | 罗德凯 | Design scheme of internal combustion engine |
| CN112065546A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-11 | 常熟理工学院 | Method for reducing content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substances in micron-sized particles of diesel engine |
| WO2022047842A1 (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2022-03-10 | 常熟理工学院 | Method for reducing content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substances in nano-scale particulate matter of diesel engine |
| CN112065547A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-11 | 常熟理工学院 | Method for reducing content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substances in nano-scale particles of diesel engine |
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| CN112065545A (en) * | 2020-09-04 | 2020-12-11 | 常熟理工学院 | Method for reducing content of monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon substances in nano-scale particles of diesel engine |
| CN112065574A (en) * | 2020-09-09 | 2020-12-11 | 高富 | Middle combustion hot gas turbine capable of improving heat engine efficiency and reducing tail gas pollution |
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| CN112963238A (en) * | 2021-02-26 | 2021-06-15 | 华中科技大学 | Adiabatic internal combustion engine combustion system based on adiabatic combustion chamber and Miller cycle |
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| CN113250816A (en) * | 2021-06-09 | 2021-08-13 | 李建云 | Distributed engine and system with independent combustion chambers |
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