CN102071078A - Efficient alcohol-based fuel additive and application thereof - Google Patents
Efficient alcohol-based fuel additive and application thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN102071078A CN102071078A CN201110026964XA CN201110026964A CN102071078A CN 102071078 A CN102071078 A CN 102071078A CN 201110026964X A CN201110026964X A CN 201110026964XA CN 201110026964 A CN201110026964 A CN 201110026964A CN 102071078 A CN102071078 A CN 102071078A
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- Prior art keywords
- alcohol
- parts
- high efficiency
- fuel
- additive
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 48
- 239000002816 fuel additive Substances 0.000 title abstract 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 57
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen peroxide Chemical compound OO MHAJPDPJQMAIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N ferrocene Chemical compound [Fe+2].C=1C=C[CH-]C=1.C=1C=C[CH-]C=1 KTWOOEGAPBSYNW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tert-Butanol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)O DKGAVHZHDRPRBM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 24
- BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCO BDERNNFJNOPAEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 23
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 abstract description 12
- RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphur dioxide Chemical compound O=S=O RAHZWNYVWXNFOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 8
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000002283 diesel fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 abstract description 5
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract 2
- 229940057995 liquid paraffin Drugs 0.000 abstract 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrous Oxide Chemical class [O-][N+]#N GQPLMRYTRLFLPF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003034 coal gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008676 import Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N isobutanol Chemical compound CC(C)CO ZXEKIIBDNHEJCQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000003345 natural gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010499 rapseed oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002269 spontaneous effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000009967 tasteless effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229960004418 trolamine Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008016 vaporization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- Liquid Carbonaceous Fuels (AREA)
Abstract
The invention relates to the field of fuels, in particular to an efficient alcohol-based fuel additive. The additive comprises the following components in part by weight: 15 to 25 parts of liquid paraffin, 4 to 9 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 35 to 45 parts of tertiary butanol, 20 to 30 parts of glycerol and 5 to 10 parts of ferrocene. An alcohol-based mixed fuel can be prepared from the additive and an alcohol group. The additive and the alcohol-based mixed fuel have low costs, and are easy to prepare. The alcohol-based mixed fuel has low energy consumption, produces sulfur dioxide and nitric oxide with low concentrations and has high using safety. The cost of the alcohol-based mixed fuel comprising the additive is 43.5 percent lower than that of liquefied gas and 42 percent lower than that of diesel oil. During combustion of the fuel, the fire power is strong, the flame is stable, the combustion heat value is high, and the central flame temperature is up to 1,200 DEG C.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the fuel field, particularly high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope and utilization thereof.
Background technology
Half of whole world petroleum resources is consumed.The prospective oil of China is lower than global mean value, though rely on import also mass-energy be maintained to the year two thousand twenty.So seeking new energy substitution product becomes problem demanding prompt solution.The appearance of alcohol-group fuel has solved the problems referred to above.Alcohol-group fuel is a kind of based on methyl alcohol, is mixed with the liquid fuel of polyalcohols such as ethanol, propyl alcohol and alkane, is named as " methyl fuel " again.Its flash-point is 7 ℃, flash-point liquid fuel (18～23 ℃) in belonging to; Boiling point is between 6417～200 ℃, and spontaneous ignition temperature is 436 ℃.The alcohol-group fuel energy density is lower, and vaporization heat is big.The calorific value of alcohol-group fuel is generally between 2011～2610MJ/kg, be about 60% of high performance fuel calorific values such as diesel oil, liquefied gas, belong to the low heat value liquid fuel, alcohol-group fuel energy and water dissolve mutually with any ratio, but do not form azeotropic mixture with water, the calorific value of aqueous fuel will be lower.
Application number is that the patent of invention of 200610035838.X discloses a kind of water-soluble ol group liquid fuel, and it is main fuel with methyl alcohol, adds ignition dope acetone, glycerine and vegetable seed wet goods again; Add additive ferrocene, isopropylcarbinol, Virahol and trolamine simultaneously,, used another sample human lives requisite rape oil, in addition, in preparation process, also will consider emulsification problem though foregoing invention has reduced the dependence of the fuel that oil is produced.
Summary of the invention
In view of this, one of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope, this additive and flame temperature height after the alcohol radical mixed together becomes fuel, and production cost is low.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
1, high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope, composed of the following components by weight: whiteruss 15-25 part, hydrogen peroxide 4-9 part, trimethyl carbinol 35-45 part, glycerol 20-30 part and ferrocene 5-10 part.
2, according to 1 described high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope, composed of the following components by weight: 20 parts of whiterusss, 7 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 40 parts of the trimethyl carbinols, 8 parts of 25 parts of glycerol and ferrocene.
Two of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of utilization of above-mentioned high efficiency alcohol base additive, and this utilization can substitute the use of coal gas, natural gas and liquefied petroleum.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
3, the utilization of 1 or 2 described high efficiency alcohol base fuel dopes in preparation alcohol radical propellant combination.
Three of purpose of the present invention is to provide a kind of alcohol radical propellant combination, and this fuel contamination is little, and cost is low.
For achieving the above object, technical scheme of the present invention is:
4, the alcohol radical propellant combination that contains 1 or 2 described high efficiency alcohol base fuel dopes, the weight ratio of high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope and alcohol radical described in the alcohol radical propellant combination is 30:65-85.
5, according to the 4 described alcohol radical propellant combinations that contain the high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope, the high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope that contains in the described alcohol radical propellant combination and the weight ratio of alcohol radical are 30:70.
6, according to the 4 described alcohol radical propellant combinations that contain the high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope, described alcohol radical is that in methyl alcohol, ethanol or the propyl alcohol one or more mix.
7, according to the 4 described alcohol radical propellant combinations that contain the high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope, the volumetric concentration of described alcohol radical is 70-100%.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is: this additive cost is low, makes simple; Use the alcohol-group fuel energy consumption of this additive preparation low, the sulfur dioxide concentration and the nitrous oxides concentration of generation are low, and be safe during use; The cost of alcohol radical propellant combination that use contains this additive is low lower by 43.5% than liquefied gas, and lower by 42% than diesel oil, firepower is big during fuel combustion, flame stabilization, and the combustion heat value height, the flame of centre temperature is up to 1200 ℃.
Embodiment
In order to make the purpose, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention clearer, below the preferred embodiments of the present invention are described in detail.
Embodiment 1
One, the preparation of high efficiency alcohol base additive
The high efficiency alcohol base additive is composed of the following components by weight: 25 parts of whiterusss, 9 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 45 parts of the trimethyl carbinols, 5 parts of 20 parts of glycerol and ferrocene.Said components at room temperature mixes and promptly gets pure based additive.
Two, the preparation of high efficiency alcohol base propellant combination
Get 20 parts of described pure based additives and volume fraction and be 65 parts of thorough mixing of methanol solution of 98%, the alcohol radical propellant combination.Methyl alcohol can simple substitute be the ethanol or the propyl alcohol of burning concentration also.
Embodiment 2
One, the preparation of high efficiency alcohol base additive
The alcohol based additive is composed of the following components by weight: pure based additive is composed of the following components by weight: 15 parts of whiterusss, 4 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 35 parts of the trimethyl carbinols, 10 parts of 30 parts of glycerol and ferrocene.Said components at room temperature mixes and promptly gets pure based additive.
Two, the preparation of high efficiency alcohol base propellant combination
Get 20 parts of described pure based additives and volume fraction and be 85 parts of thorough mixing of methanol solution of 70%, the alcohol radical propellant combination.Methyl alcohol can simple substitute be the ethanol or the propyl alcohol of burning concentration also.
Embodiment 3
One, the preparation of high efficiency alcohol base additive
The alcohol based additive is composed of the following components by weight: 20 parts of whiterusss, 7 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 40 parts of the trimethyl carbinols, 8 parts of 25 parts of glycerol and ferrocene.Said components at room temperature mixes and promptly gets pure based additive.
Get 20 parts of described pure based additives and volume fraction and be 80 parts of thorough mixing of methanol solution of 100%, the alcohol radical propellant combination.Methyl alcohol can simple substitute be the ethanol or the propyl alcohol of burning concentration also.
Liquefied gas is 85 yuan/bottle at present, 7.08 yuan of per kilograms, 6 yuan of diesel oil per kilograms, among the present invention be 6.50 yuan of the propellant combination per kilograms of alcohol radical with methyl alcohol, liquefied gas is 2.1 kilograms of X 7.08=14.8 of usage quantity unit per hour, and diesel oil is per hour used 6 yuan=14.4 yuan of 2.4 kilograms of X, and the alcohol radical propellant combination is 6.5 yuan=8.4 yuan of 1.4 kilograms of X per hour, the alcohol radical propellant combination is lower by 43.5% than liquefied gas, than the economic benefit of diesel oil low 42%.
The practice test in the dining room by the hotel in the city, restaurant, enterprises and institutions, family, small-sized restaurant, the present invention is smokeless in use, tasteless, at the bottom of the no blacking pan, and sanitation and hygiene, effectively reduce the discharging of carbon monoxide and oxynitride, it is qualified that relevant index detects through environmental administration.
With China's tradition alcohol radical liquid fuel relatively, the energy consumption of boiling hotization burning class alcohol-group fuel is 6kg/h; The energy consumption of spray burning class alcohol-group fuel is 4.5kg/h, and energy consumption of the present invention has only 1.4kg/h.
The present invention compares with the environmental protection of biomass fuel, is the sulfur dioxide concentration≤0.5 ㎎/m of the biomass fuel of raw material with the straw
3, nitrous oxides concentration≤1 ㎎/m
3Sulfur dioxide concentration of the present invention≤0.039 ㎎/m
3, nitrous oxides concentration≤0.044 ㎎/m
3
Compare with the alcohol-group fuel that does not contain additive, the carbon monoxide content that does not contain the alcohol-group fuel of additive is 15 ㎎/m
3, oxynitrides content is 0.5 ㎎/m
3, formaldehyde content is 2.5 ㎎/m
3, carbon monoxide content of the present invention is 1.5 ㎎/m
3, oxynitrides content is 0.045 ㎎/m
3, formaldehyde content is 0.02 ㎎/m
3
This fuel and common kitchen range or special stove are used, firepower is big during fuel combustion, flame stabilization, combustion heat value height, the flame of centre temperature is (the alcohol-group fuel flame of centre temperature that does not contain additive is 500 ℃) up to 1200 ℃, and is lower more than 40% than other fuel use cost.
Explanation is at last, above embodiment is only unrestricted in order to technical scheme of the present invention to be described, although by invention has been described with reference to the preferred embodiments of the present invention, but those of ordinary skill in the art is to be understood that, can make various changes to it in the form and details, and the spirit and scope of the present invention that do not depart from appended claims and limited.
Claims (7)
1. the high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope is characterized in that: composed of the following components by weight: whiteruss 15-25 part, hydrogen peroxide 4-9 part, trimethyl carbinol 35-45 part, glycerol 20-30 part and ferrocene 5-10 part.
2. high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope according to claim 1 is characterized in that: composed of the following components by weight: 20 parts of whiterusss, 7 parts of hydrogen peroxide, 40 parts of the trimethyl carbinols, 8 parts of 25 parts of glycerol and ferrocene.
3. claim 1 or the 2 described high efficiency alcohol base fuel dopes utilization in preparation alcohol radical propellant combination.
4. contain the alcohol radical propellant combination of claim 1 or 2 described high efficiency alcohol base fuel dopes, it is characterized in that: the weight ratio of high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope and alcohol radical described in the alcohol radical propellant combination is 30:65-85.
5. the alcohol radical propellant combination that contains the high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope that contains in the described alcohol radical propellant combination and the weight ratio of alcohol radical are 30:70.
6. the alcohol radical propellant combination that contains the high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope according to claim 4 is characterized in that: described alcohol radical is that in methyl alcohol, ethanol or the propyl alcohol one or more mix.
7. the alcohol radical propellant combination that contains the high efficiency alcohol base fuel dope according to claim 4 is characterized in that: the volumetric concentration of described alcohol radical is 70-100%.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN 201110026964 CN102071078B (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2011-01-25 | Efficient alcohol-based fuel additive and application thereof |
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN 201110026964 CN102071078B (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2011-01-25 | Efficient alcohol-based fuel additive and application thereof |
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| CN102071078A true CN102071078A (en) | 2011-05-25 |
| CN102071078B CN102071078B (en) | 2013-08-07 |
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| CN 201110026964 Expired - Fee Related CN102071078B (en) | 2011-01-25 | 2011-01-25 | Efficient alcohol-based fuel additive and application thereof |
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Cited By (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102504889A (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2012-06-20 | 厦门鑫烨盛能源科技有限公司 | Alcohol-based fuel |
| CN102977935A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-03-20 | 孙琪 | Methanol environment-friendly gasoline |
| CN103923709A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-07-16 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | Alcohol-based fuel |
| CN104726144A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-24 | 湖州科达化工燃料有限公司 | Novel synthetic gasoline |
| CN104879778A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-02 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | Automatic recognition method for controlling intelligent combustor to ignite utilizing conductivity of alcohol-based fuel |
| CN104879777A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-02 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | Automatic recognition method for controlling intelligent combustor to ignite utilizing viscosity of alcohol-based fuel |
| CN104930506A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-23 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | Automatic identification method capable of utilizing proportion of alcohol-based fuel for controlling intelligent combustor to be ignited |
| CN105087086A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州新宏伟环保科技有限公司 | Methanol environmental-friendly fuel for vehicles |
| CN108359504A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-08-03 | 祝保林 | Low-carbon alcohols cleaning new energy fuel additive |
| CN112984504A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-18 | 上海交通大学 | Alcohol-based fuel wide-temperature-range stable combustion realization method based on negative temperature coefficient effect inhibition |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101531927A (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2009-09-16 | 韶关市福德环保燃料有限公司 | Environment-friendly liquid fuel with high heating value and preparation method |
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2011
- 2011-01-25 CN CN 201110026964 patent/CN102071078B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN101531927A (en) * | 2009-04-17 | 2009-09-16 | 韶关市福德环保燃料有限公司 | Environment-friendly liquid fuel with high heating value and preparation method |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102504889B (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2013-12-11 | 厦门鑫烨盛能源科技有限公司 | Alcohol-based fuel |
| CN102504889A (en) * | 2011-12-19 | 2012-06-20 | 厦门鑫烨盛能源科技有限公司 | Alcohol-based fuel |
| CN102977935B (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2015-02-25 | 孙琪 | Methanol environment-friendly gasoline |
| CN102977935A (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2013-03-20 | 孙琪 | Methanol environment-friendly gasoline |
| CN103923709B (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2015-11-04 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | A kind of alcohol-group fuel |
| CN103923709A (en) * | 2014-04-10 | 2014-07-16 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | Alcohol-based fuel |
| CN104726144A (en) * | 2015-03-24 | 2015-06-24 | 湖州科达化工燃料有限公司 | Novel synthetic gasoline |
| CN104879778A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-02 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | Automatic recognition method for controlling intelligent combustor to ignite utilizing conductivity of alcohol-based fuel |
| CN104879777A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-02 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | Automatic recognition method for controlling intelligent combustor to ignite utilizing viscosity of alcohol-based fuel |
| CN104930506A (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2015-09-23 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | Automatic identification method capable of utilizing proportion of alcohol-based fuel for controlling intelligent combustor to be ignited |
| CN104930506B (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2017-08-11 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | The automatic identifying method lighted a fire using alcohol-based fuel specific gravity control intelligent burner |
| CN104879777B (en) * | 2015-05-08 | 2018-03-02 | 桂林市淦隆环保科技有限公司 | Utilize the method for alcohol-based fuel viscosity control intelligent burner igniting automatic identification |
| CN105087086A (en) * | 2015-06-26 | 2015-11-25 | 贵州新宏伟环保科技有限公司 | Methanol environmental-friendly fuel for vehicles |
| CN108359504A (en) * | 2018-05-03 | 2018-08-03 | 祝保林 | Low-carbon alcohols cleaning new energy fuel additive |
| CN112984504A (en) * | 2021-03-08 | 2021-06-18 | 上海交通大学 | Alcohol-based fuel wide-temperature-range stable combustion realization method based on negative temperature coefficient effect inhibition |
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| CN102071078B (en) | 2013-08-07 |
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Assignee: CHONGQING DAWEI ENERGY CHEMICAL Co.,Ltd. Assignor: Liu Jun|Ren Jianwei Contract record no.: 2012500000066 Denomination of invention: Efficient alcohol-based fuel additive and application thereof License type: Exclusive License Open date: 20110525 Record date: 20120711 |
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