A kind of new method that is used for paddy rice low temperature sensitive sterile strain seed selection process water temperature regulate and control
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of new method that is used for two-line sterile line of rice seed selection process water temperature regulate and control, this method is particularly useful for water temperature regulate and control in the low temperature sensitive sterile strain seed selection process.Belong to rice breeding field and related facility cultivation field,
Background technology
Paddy rice is one of topmost cereal crops of China, is the basic assurance of China's grain security.Only improve constantly rice yield, the demand that can satisfy the ever-increasing population of paddy fields guarantees.According to statistics, breed improvement about more than 50%, and is the basis of other increasing production of rice factors such as measures of fertilizer improvement, way to manage improvement in the contribution rate of increasing production of rice.The seed selection of rice sterile line is the basis of hybrid rice variety seed selection, and sterile line breeding efficient has determined the process of hybrid rice variety seed selection.Its efficient is for Rice Production efficient decisive role, the cost of the Rice Production of appreciable impact and profit margin.
In paddy rice low temperature sensitive sterile strain seed selection process, for reaching the purpose that improves seed selection efficient, need especially water temperature control of precise dose in the growth process of riceplant, according to the different materials situation, temperature needs generally about about 22-24 ℃.Therefore, higher as south temperature in summer need reduce low temperature environment extraneous and water temperature assurance sterile line breeding by refrigeration plant under the situation about 35 ℃ in ambient temperature.Current in paddy rice low temperature sensitive sterile strain process, take three kinds of methods to address these problems usually.First method under the temperature condition with higher, is built sunshade, adopts air compressor-freon cooling.The required cost of this method is relatively low, but there is bigger shortcoming, mainly be that temperature control is difficult to guarantee, especially this method is better to the temperature regulating effect, but because water temperature reacts slower to external world, its temperature error is more obvious, influences the precision and the purity of low temperature sensitive sterile strain seed selection greatly.Second method, down auxiliary in measures such as greenhouse and sunshades, by compressor-freon cooling, regulate the irrigation water temperature according to the water temperature situation, paddy rice is carried out cyclic irrigation, regulate water temperature.This method can be regulated and control temperature and water temperature simultaneously, but because the water source temperature is often bigger with the demand temperature contrast, it is huge to regulate water temperature power consumption, also needs to drop into higher cost of equipment.In addition, because culture pond only has 1 water inlet in this method, water temperature was all once relatively poor in the pond, caused in the culture pond zones of different male sterile line to select temperature inconsistent, caused the result of the test error big.The third method is applicable to breeding research unit with favourable conditions, enterprise etc., and these units have the very high automatic constant-temperature greenhouse of automaticity, can accurately control temperature and water temperature in the greenhouse.Need expensive equipment cost and equipment operating cost but the automatic constant-temperature greenhouse is built, for a lot of breeding research units and enterprise, be difficult to bear, and very big to the influence of large-scale production profit.Therefore, few because the low temperature sensitive sterile strain technology limitation has caused the difficulty of present sterile line breeding work by the male sterile line of authorization, limited the seed selection of China's double-linear hybrid rice kind.
In view of low temperature sensitive sterile strain water body and soil temperature are required high, a kind of not only economy but also be applicable to that the temperature control method of water of China different regions is extremely necessary.Therefore, the purpose of this invention is to provide the regulation and control new method that a kind of water temperature control is accurate, construction cost is cheap, energy utilization efficiency is high, operating cost is low.
Summary of the invention
The problem that the present invention need solve is to obtain a kind of temperature control method of water that can be used for the paddy rice low temperature sensitive sterile strain seed selection that temperature adjusting is accurate, construction cost is cheap, energy utilization efficiency is high.
The invention provides the method for water temperature regulate and control in a kind of paddy rice low temperature sensitive sterile strain process, concrete steps comprise:
1. select water temperature to approach the groundwater source of low temperature sensitive sterile strain demand: to adopt the design of underground water air-conditioning system principle.According to test, the temperature of phreatic water below 30 meters is stabilized in about 18-19 ℃ throughout the year, far below outside atmosphere temperature in summer.Only there is 3-5 degree centigrade gap in the temperature requirement of paddy rice low temperature sensitive sterile strain seed selection with the underground water temperature between 22-24 ℃.Because summer temperature is higher, water body heats up in flow process naturally just can reach the temperature approaching with the paddy growth demand.
2. water inlet water temperature automatic auxiliary conditioning unit: groundwater source through water pipe reflux heat up after, enter before the paddy growth culture pond, this method is provided with the into automatic auxiliary conditioning unit of water water temperature.Device is made up of 1 full-automatic temperature controller, electric heating servicing unit (electrothermal tube) and refrigeration auxiliary equipment (air compressor-freon).According to the water temperature requirement, temperature controller is surveyed the water inlet water temperature, as is higher than the demand temperature and then starts the refrigeration servicing unit, makes water temperature reach default demand temperature.
3. the even injection apparatus of multi-outlet: supply water by water pipe in the paddy growth culture pond, water pipe evenly be layed on the pool wall and the pond in, as shown in design drawing.Except that along pool wall is laid water pipe, lay 1 in water pipe for per about 2 meters in the pond.On the pool wall in the pond side, pool inner water pipe both sides water jet evenly is set, 0.5 meter of water jet spacing.Supply water in the pond and undertaken by water jet, water in the water pipe can guarantee that the pool inner water temperature is consistent because water-aspirator pressure is evenly sprayed in the pond.
4. pond temperature detection device: in the paddy growth culture pond water temperature sniffer can be set as required, when the pool inner water temperature exceeds range of needs, open water pump and change water and regulate water temperature.Adopt full-automatic temperature controller as the water temperature sniffer, link to each other with water pump, can be automatically according to demand control of pump start, stop, realizing that water supply carries out automatically.
The present invention compared with prior art has the following advantages and effect:
(1) water temperature control is accurate in the paddy growth culture pond, evenly.According to the result of the test in Hunan Rice Research Institute, this method can make the interior temperature constant of paddy growth culture pond in ℃ scope of demand temperature ± 0.5, temperature homogeneous in the pond.Constant water temperature is had laid a good foundation for having improved low temperature sensitive sterile strain paddy rice seed selection efficient.Except utilizing automatic constant-temperature greenhouse seed choosing method, all the other prior art temperature errors are often bigger, and the paddy growth culture pond in temperature inequality, the especially summer of high temperature sweltering heat.Operation result by 30 days shows, water temperature is constant in the culture pond, accuracy≤± 0.5 ℃.Temperature is even in the pond, by 30 days at random 5 monitorings show temperature difference in the pond≤± 0.2 ℃
(2) facility construction cost and operating cost are cheap.The present invention is as using in the paddy growth culture pond of 4m * 8m, and required expense comprises supply-water pump, full-automatic temperature controller, water pipe and labour cost etc., only needs about 5000 yuan.Because the underground water temperature is lower, not auxiliary can installation of refrigeration that price is higher, only by reducing length of pipe, just can reduce the aerial process of heating of underground water, thereby make water temperature reach the temperature of demand summer.The present invention has been owing to made full use of the constant principle (18-19 ℃) of ground water temperature, temperature required approaching with the low temperature sensitive sterile strain seed selection, and operating cost is cheap.Paddy growth culture pond with 4m * 8m is an example, summer about 35 ℃ of ambient temperatures condition under, only need about power consumption 10kwh every day.Although temperature constant also can be accomplished in the fully-automatic thermostatic greenhouse in the prior art, satisfy the demand of low temperature sensitive sterile strain seed selection, its cost and operating cost are all very high, are difficult to bear for a lot of breeding units.
(3) the equipment operation is easy, and automaticity is higher.After Facilities Construction is finished, only need according to the ambient temperature situation, full-automatic temperature controller is set, temperature requirement is arranged in the low temperature sensitive sterile strain seed selection range of needs, as ambient temperature higher then with the inflow temperature setting a little less than paddy growth demand temperature, the low inflow temperature that then improves of ambient temperature.Place in the pond the paddy growth basin is broken then, or directly sterile line material is planted in culture pond and get final product.
Description of drawings
Accompanying drawing is for using this method, concrete facility layout design schematic diagram in the paddy growth culture pond of 4m * 8m.
The plane design drawing of accompanying drawing 1:4m * 8m paddy growth culture pond, wherein body of wall is 60 centimeters wide, 30 centimeters wide drain ditchs are built in the centre, 25 centimeters of the degree of depth in drain ditch.
The three-dimensional layout planning chart of accompanying drawing 2:4m * 8m paddy growth culture pond, wherein 1 is drainpipe, and 2 is water inlet pipe, and 3 are the probe pipeline, and A, B and C discharge outlet are respectively 200 millimeters, 300 millimeters, 400 millimeters.The degree of depth in pond is 0.4 meter, long 5 meters, wide 2.6 meters, the daylight opening DLO that water pipe is installed is from 25 centimeters in pond face, and the A pond is a swimmer's pool, drainpipe suitable for reading apart from 2 centimeters of the waters surface, B pond and C pond drainpipe suitable for reading apart from 12 centimeters of the waters surface, water inlet pipe and probe pipeline are apart from 3 centimeters in pond face.
The water pipe structure layout drawing of accompanying drawing 3:4m * 8m paddy growth culture pond, wherein water pipe is long 6 meters, wide 2 meters, and on behalf of screw, figure medium square place connect, and on behalf of the backstop water pump, circle require 10 sides of lift 10m flow, and water pipe adopts PVC, 50 millimeters of diameters.
High accuracy incubator (chamber) structural representation (2) of accompanying drawing 4:4m * 8m paddy growth culture pond, wherein 1 is loam cake, and 2 is evaporator (for the lamp refrigeration), and 3 is lamp house, and 4 is the circulation air path negative, 5 is exhaust vent.
High accuracy incubator (chamber) structural representation (1) of accompanying drawing 5:4m * 8m paddy growth culture pond, wherein, 1 is case (chamber), and 2 is door, and 3 is air inlet, and 4 is blower fan, and 5 is evaporator, and 6 is lamp house, and 7 are thermal insulation glass, 8 is circulation air path.
The high accuracy incubator (chamber) of accompanying drawing 6:4m * 8m paddy growth culture pond is cooling and warming operation principle schematic diagram at interval not, and wherein 1 is compressor, and 2 is overvoltage protection; 3 is vapour liquid separator, and 4 is visible mirror, and 5 is expansion valve; 6 is filter; 7 is liquid reservoir, and 8 is the hand valve, and 9 are the refrigeration expansion valve; 10 are the refrigeration magnetic valve; 11 for heating magnetic valve, and 12 is evaporator, and 13 is radiator.
Embodiment
Below, the present invention will be further detailed with embodiment, but it is not limited to any or the similar example of these embodiment.
Embodiment 1:
A kind of new method that is used for paddy rice low temperature sensitive sterile strain seed selection process water temperature regulate and control is an example with implementation process on the basis of the paddy growth culture pond that has 4m * 8m now, and implementation step is as follows:
1. small-sized underground water pumped well is built: near paddy growth culture pond water inlet, making a call to 1 young type pumped well, about well depth 30m (can determine according to subterranean water level, but for guaranteeing that water temperature is constant at 18-19 ℃, about suggestion well depth 30m), utilize the small pressure water supplying pump.
2. water pipe is laid: force pump delivery port water receiving pipe, water pipe inserted volume earlier at 2m before entering the paddy growth culture pond
3About in the water tank of size, the water tank size is definite according to the culture pond size and the depth of water, volume gets final product about about 1/10 of pool inner water total amount.Underground water behind water tank, water pipe evenly be layed on the pool wall and the pond in, as shown in design drawing.Except that along pool wall is laid water pipe, lay 1 in water pipe for per about 2 meters in the pond.On the pool wall in the pond side, pool inner water pipe both sides water jet evenly is set, 0.5 meter of per two water jet spacing.
3. the automatic auxiliary conditioning unit of the water temperature of intaking: device is by 1 full-automatic temperature controller, and electric heating servicing unit (electrothermal tube) and refrigeration auxiliary equipment (air compressor-freon) are formed.According to the water temperature requirement, temperature controller is surveyed the water inlet water temperature, as is lower than the demand temperature and then starts the electric heating servicing unit, as is higher than the demand temperature and then starts the refrigeration servicing unit, makes water temperature reach default demand temperature.Electric heating and refrigeration servicing unit are mainly by water temperature in the mode regulating tank of fin.
4. central authorities set up 1 temp probe and are connected with full-automatic temperature controller in the pond, and control of pump start and stop operation when the pool inner water temperature exceeds range of needs, is opened water pump and changed water and regulate water temperature.This step can be selected, only for improving the setting of facility automaticity.If do not need, can artificial observation pool inner water temperature, control of pump is regulated.
5. full-automatic temperature controller setting: according to the ambient temperature situation, full-automatic temperature controller is set, temperature requirement is arranged in the paddy growth range of needs, as ambient temperature higher then with the inflow temperature setting a little less than paddy growth demand temperature, the low inflow temperature that then improves of ambient temperature.Place in the pond the paddy growth basin is broken then, or directly sterile line material is got final product in the paddy growth culture pond.
Embodiment 2:
The new method of water temperature regulate and control in a kind of paddy rice seed selection process is an example with implementation process on the basis of the paddy growth culture pond that has 8m * 8m now, and implementation step is as follows:
1, small-sized underground water pumped well is built: near paddy growth culture pond water inlet, beating the small-sized pumped well of a bite, about well depth 30m (can determine according to subterranean water level, but for guaranteeing that water temperature is constant at 18-19 ℃, about suggestion well depth 30m), utilize the small pressure water supplying pump.
2, water pipe is laid: force pump delivery port water receiving pipe, water pipe inserted volume earlier at 4m before entering the paddy growth culture pond
3About in the water tank of size, underground water behind water tank, water pipe evenly be layed on the pool wall and the pond in, as shown in design drawing.Except that along pool wall is laid water pipe, lay 1 in water pipe for per 2.5 meters in the pond.On the pool wall in the pond side, pool inner water pipe both sides water jet evenly is set, 0.5 meter of per two water jet spacing.
3, the automatic auxiliary conditioning unit of water inlet water temperature: device is by 1 full-automatic temperature controller, and electric heating servicing unit (electrothermal tube) and refrigeration auxiliary equipment (air compressor-freon) are formed.According to the water temperature requirement, temperature controller is surveyed the water inlet water temperature, as is lower than the demand temperature and then starts the electric heating servicing unit, as is higher than the demand temperature and then starts the refrigeration servicing unit, makes water temperature reach default demand temperature.Electric heating and refrigeration servicing unit are mainly by water temperature in the mode regulating tank of fin.
4, central authorities can set up 1 temp probe and are connected with full-automatic temperature controller in the pond, and control of pump start and stop operation when the pool inner water temperature exceeds range of needs, is opened water pump and changed water and regulate water temperature.。This step can be selected, only for improving the setting of facility automaticity.If do not need, can artificial observation pool inner water temperature, control of pump is regulated.
5, full-automatic temperature controller setting: according to the ambient temperature situation, full-automatic temperature controller is set, temperature requirement is arranged in the paddy growth range of needs, as ambient temperature higher then with the inflow temperature setting a little less than paddy growth demand temperature, the low inflow temperature that then improves of ambient temperature.Place in the pond the paddy growth basin is broken then, or directly paddy rice is planted in the paddy growth culture pond and got final product.
Embodiment 3:
The new method of water temperature regulate and control in a kind of paddy rice seed selection process is an example with implementation process on the basis of the paddy growth culture pond that has 4m * 4m now, and implementation step is as follows:
1, small-sized underground water pumped well is built: near paddy growth culture pond water inlet, beating the small-sized pumped well of a bite, about well depth 30m (can determine according to subterranean water level, but for guaranteeing that water temperature is constant at 18-19 ℃, about suggestion well depth 30m), utilize the small pressure water supplying pump.
2, water pipe is laid: force pump delivery port water receiving pipe, water pipe inserted volume earlier at 2.5m before entering the paddy growth culture pond
3About in the water tank of size, underground water behind water tank, water pipe evenly be layed on the pool wall and the pond in, as shown in design drawing.Except that along pool wall is laid water pipe, lay 1 in water pipe for per 1.5 meters in the pond.On the pool wall in the pond side, pool inner water pipe both sides water jet evenly is set, 0.5 meter of per two water jet spacing.
3, the automatic auxiliary conditioning unit of water inlet water temperature: device is by 1 full-automatic temperature controller, and electric heating servicing unit (electrothermal tube) and refrigeration auxiliary equipment (air compressor-freon) are formed.According to the water temperature requirement, temperature controller is surveyed the water inlet water temperature, as is lower than the demand temperature and then starts the electric heating servicing unit, as is higher than the demand temperature and then starts the refrigeration servicing unit, makes water temperature reach default demand temperature.Electric heating and refrigeration servicing unit are mainly by water temperature in the mode regulating tank of fin.
4, central authorities can set up 1 temp probe and are connected with full-automatic temperature controller in the pond, and control of pump start and stop operation when the pool inner water temperature exceeds range of needs, is opened water pump and changed water and regulate water temperature.。This step can be selected, only for improving the setting of facility automaticity.If do not need, can artificial observation pool inner water temperature, control of pump is regulated.
5, full-automatic temperature controller setting: according to the ambient temperature situation, full-automatic temperature controller is set, temperature requirement is arranged in the paddy growth range of needs, as ambient temperature higher then with the inflow temperature setting a little less than paddy growth demand temperature, the low inflow temperature that then improves of ambient temperature.Place in the pond the paddy growth basin is broken then, or directly paddy rice is planted in the paddy growth culture pond and got final product.