CN102064549B - AC capacitor operation/cutting method and fling-cut switch circuit - Google Patents
AC capacitor operation/cutting method and fling-cut switch circuit Download PDFInfo
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- CN102064549B CN102064549B CN201010199293.2A CN201010199293A CN102064549B CN 102064549 B CN102064549 B CN 102064549B CN 201010199293 A CN201010199293 A CN 201010199293A CN 102064549 B CN102064549 B CN 102064549B
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/30—Reactive power compensation
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E40/00—Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
- Y02E40/40—Arrangements for reducing harmonics
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Abstract
The present invention proposes a kind of AC capacitor operation/cutting method and fling-cut switch circuit; relay contact two ends are connected in parallel on by diode and resistant series composition relay contact protection circuit; relay contact closure or disconnection is allowed during diode current flow; there is no surge current during the action of contact and do not produce contact sparking; it is withstand voltage suitable with relay fling-cut switch that fling-cut switch bears when disconnecting; can not find the phenomenon that misleads of electronic switch, and switching speed is suitable with thyristor throw-cut.Have that circuit is simple, reliable operation, the with low cost and fireballing feature of switching.
Description
Technical field
Patent application of the present invention relates to a kind of AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit, belongs to electric switch field.
Background technology
AC capacitor is widely used in power factor of electric network and compensates and electrical network filtering, will be connected with electrical network at any time according to the actual needs of electrical network or disconnect, i.e. the switching of so-called AC capacitor when AC capacitor uses in electrical network.That commonly uses at present has several schemes such as MSC (contactor, circuit breaker) switching, TSC (controllable silicon) switching and combination switch (controllable silicon and contactor paralleling switch) switching.The shortcoming of MSC switching likely produces capacitor and electrical network are connected huge surge current instantaneously to produce electrical network and impact and produce adverse influence to the life-span of capacitor, during current solution AC capacitor switching, the way of surge current uses electronic switch switching, allow electronic switch " operating passing zero ", namely allow electronic switch in the conducting of no-voltage point, but in fact because controllable silicon has conducting dead angle, silicon controlled conducting can not be realized at no-voltage point completely, and this switching mode requires to trigger accurately and reliability is high will increase the cost of circuits for triggering, in addition from the characteristic of the resistance to surge current of silicon controlled, controllable silicon is unsuitable for the switch doing capacitive load, although that the shortcoming of TSC switching is cost is high, self-heating amount large and can increase the harmonic current of electrical network, it is still the preferably selection of surge current when can solve capacitor switching.Combination switch switching is the scheme of a kind of switching circuit of the advantage combining TSC switching and MSC switching, has the advantage that cost is low, switching moment surge current is little.Combination switch switching uses controllable silicon as intermediate electronic switch, but the phenomenon that controllable silicon can mislead when the dv/dt of anode voltage is very high, will controllable silicon be burnt once mislead.General controllable silicon is adopt resistance-capacitance absorption loop to reduce dv/dt in using, thus the possibility that minimizing controllable silicon misleads, and series resistance the method for series connection resistance-capacitance circuit can not be adopted to reduce dv/dt in the occasion of thyristor throw-cut AC capacitor, because will increase the loss of fling-cut switch.So it is that TSC switching and combination switch switching scheme one is difficult to overcome a difficult problem that silicon controlled misleads, TSC switching selects big current controllable silicon to solve surge current when controllable silicon misleads to burn silicon controlled problem, but combination switch is all generally the controllable silicon using rated current less, because use the large controllable silicon of rated current will lose the low advantage of combination switch cost, and silicon controlled to mislead be the one of the main reasons causing combination switch to lose efficacy.Misleading to reduce silicon controlled in combination switch scheme, generally all selecting the controllable silicon that dv/dt value is higher, but this is the reduction of the probability that controllable silicon misleads, cannot tackle the problem at its root.In addition, silicon controlled mislead produce surge current the life-span of AC capacitor and electrical network are also had a great impact.
In sum, visible except requiring that occasion that is frequent, quick-switching needs to use TSC switching scheme, general use occasion TSC switching does not account for any advantage with combination switch switching compared with contactor switching, so in actual use, and a large amount of use or contactor switching at present.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of AC capacitor operation/cutting method and fling-cut switch circuit, avoid the shortcoming of MSC switching, TSC switching and combination switch switching, surge current and contact sparking is not had in the moment of fling-cut switch closed and disconnected, withstand voltage and the contactor fling-cut switch that switch bears when disconnecting is suitable, and switching speed is suitable with TSC switching.Have that reliability is high, circuit is simple, the with low cost and fireballing feature of switching.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes following technical side's solution case: AC capacitor before switching by being connected on diode pair capacitor DC charging between electrical network and AC capacitor to the peak value close to line voltage, first to capacitor discharge during AC capacitor switching, when the voltage on capacitor is put into a little less than line voltage, being connected on diode between capacitor and electrical network can automatic conducting, during diode current flow, be connected in parallel on diode two ends and be connected on relay mechanical contact between capacitor and electrical network and close, namely the switching process of AC capacitor is completed.
The fling-cut switch circuit realizing AC capacitor operation/cutting method of the present invention is made up of relay contact protection circuit, AC capacitor discharge loop, relay and single chip control module and it is characterized in that: relay contact protection circuit forms by diode is in series with a resistor, is connected in parallel on relay contact two ends; AC capacitor discharge loop forms by controllable silicon is in series with a resistor, is connected in parallel on by the AC capacitor two ends of switching; The contact of relay with by the AC capacitor series connection of switching at electrical network two ends; Single chip control module provides the control signal of AC capacitor discharge loop and relay.
The relay contact protection circuit of AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention can be the series connection of diode, resistance and electronic switch.Electronic switch can be one-way SCR, bidirectional triode thyristor, power MOS pipe, IGBT, high-voltage power triode etc.
The AC capacitor discharge loop of AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention can be the series connection of diode, resistance, inductance and electronic switch, electronic switch can be one-way SCR, bidirectional triode thyristor, power MOS pipe, IGBT, high-voltage power triode etc.
AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention has switching speed block, without the advantage that surge current and non-relay contact are struck sparks in switching process, the switching speed of switch is identical with TSC switching mode, almost there is no the loss of switch contact when fling-cut switch normally works, greatly extend the life-span of switch contact.Can not be there is the situation that switch misleads in switch off period, prevent capacitor due to moment huge charging current and reduce life-span or damage.AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit structure of the present invention is simple, cost is low and reliability is high.
Accompanying drawing explanation
Fig. 1, AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit schematic diagram 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 2, AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit schematic diagram 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 3, AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit schematic diagram 3 of the present invention;
Fig. 4, AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit schematic diagram 4 of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A kind of AC capacitor operation/cutting method disclosed by the invention is: first by being connected on the diode pair capacitor charging between capacitor and electrical network before AC capacitor wants switching to access electrical network, voltage after several ac period on capacitor is charged to the peak value close to line voltage, and capacitor completes switching and prepares.Diode first to capacitor discharge when switching starts, when the voltage on capacitor is reduced to a little less than line voltage, is connected on the automatic conducting of diode between capacitor and electrical network, until can automatically shut down when line voltage reaches peak value.During diode current flow, the relay mechanical contact controlling to be connected in parallel on diode two ends completes closed, and after mechanical contact is closed, diode is shorted, and namely completes the switching process of AC capacitor access electrical network.
The what is called " operating passing zero " of AC capacitor operation/cutting method of the present invention and prior art is essentially different: the operating passing zero of prior art allows the conducting of controllable silicon small change electrical voltage point, and operation/cutting method of the present invention is in the discharge process of capacitor, allow the automatic conducting of diode.Operating passing zero needs the control circuit of more complicated to ensure that controllable silicon is in the conducting of no-voltage point, and AC capacitor operation/cutting method of the present invention allows the error of Millisecond for the control of discharge time, and the circuit that this error is general can easily realize.The switching process of capacitor can be regarded as fling-cut switch using capacitor as in a load incoming transport electrical network, when only having the voltage that bears when the moment contact of switch conduction or electric current to be zero, the power consumption that switch contact bears is only minimum, the contact of mechanical switch can not accurately in the conducting of zero-power point, and mechanical contact turn on process is the shake along with contact, mechanical contact is difficult to realize zero-power conducting.TSC switching and combination switch switching be all controllable silicon anode and negative electrode bear voltage be trigger zero point controlled silicon conducting realize " zero-power " switching.Zero crossing triggers controllable silicon relatively or than what be easier to realize, due to the change of silicon controlled conducting dead angle and corresponding time parameter, controls the conducting of silicon control zero-cross point be difficult to realization so accurate.And the conducting of diode only needs anode voltage higher than cathode voltage condition, do not need to trigger, so the condition of diode current flow is much simpler than controllable silicon, the speed of conducting is also fast than controllable silicon, and the cost of control circuit is also very low.
Fig. 1 is AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit schematic diagram of the present invention.AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention is made up of four parts: 1. relay contact protection circuit: be connected in parallel on the diode D at relay contact K two ends and the series circuit of resistance R1; 2. AC capacitor discharge loop: be connected in parallel on by the series circuit of the controllable silicon CR at switching AC capacitor C two ends and resistance R2; 3. relay: the contact K of relay J 1 is connected on by between switched capacitor and electrical network, and the action of relay is controlled by single chip control module; 4. single chip control module: control AC capacitor discharge loop and whether work and the adhesive of relay or disconnection.The course of work of AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention is as follows, after fling-cut switch circuit is connected with electrical network with AC capacitor C, AC capacitor C is charged to the peak value of line voltage by diode D and resistance R1, can parallel resistance or piezo-resistance R3 by the two ends of switching AC capacitor, prevent because the electric charge on capacitor excessively accumulates the excessive pressure damages causing capacitor, also can be used as capacitor discharge resistance simultaneously.Fling-cut switch circuit operationally, controllable silicon CR conducting before line voltage reaches peak value in single chip control module first controlled discharge loop, discharge loop by controllable silicon CR and resistance R2 discharges by AC capacitor, when the voltage in AC capacitor drops to more lower slightly than line voltage instantaneous value, diode D is by automatic conducting, the while of single chip control module, the contact K1 of control relay J1 is closed after diode D conducting, relay contact K1 closed during due to diode current flow, so the voltage that contact K1 bears is the conducting voltage 0.7V of diode, and the electric current passing through AC capacitor C near the peak value of voltage is also very little, so the contact K1 of relay J 1 is very little in the power consumption that closed moment bears, diode serves the effect of relay contact protection.After the contact K1 of relay J 1 is closed, by diode D and resistance R1 short circuit, complete the access electrical network process of AC capacitor, even if also can not strike sparks in the contact K1 shake of this access procedure repeat circuit J1, contact chatter disconnect moment diode D by conducting at any time, 0.7V voltage is only born in contact.The process that AC capacitor is moved back throwing from electrical network is fairly simple, as long as what when being selected in contact K1 disconnection the operate time of the contact K1 of single chip control module control relay J1, diode bore is forward (conducting) voltage, just automatically shut down when diode D to voltage peak after the contact K1 disconnection of relay J 1, naturally complete AC capacitor from the disconnection process electrical network.The cut-off point of relay contact K1 is selected in the peak point near voltage, and the power consumption of bearing when contact disconnects is just less.Voltage after capacitor moves back and throws on capacitor is still the peak value of line voltage, charging is needed when capacitor is without the need to accessing electrical network for the first time as Capacitor banks, capacitor can at any time again switching enter electrical network, without the need to waiting for capacitor discharge ability switching later, the speed of switching is suitable with TSC switching, needs the occasion of quick-switching can substitute TSC switching completely like this at some.
AC capacitor is in the moment of access electrical network, and the charging surge current of capacitor is crossed the load of senior general to electrical network and exerted an adverse impact.The effect of resistance R1 is the surge current in order to limit fling-cut switch AC capacitor when accessing electrical network, surge current when current-limiting resistance R1 larger switching circuit and AC capacitor access electrical network is less, but the power consumption of bearing when R1 larger relay contact K1 closes or disconnects is larger.Choosing of R1 can between 0 to 100 Ω, and the large I of R1 is determined according to the ability of the resistance to surge current of diode and the resistance to surge current of relay contact K1.
The effect of resistance R2 is discharged to capacitor C, the velocity of discharge of resistance R2 resistance more small capacitor C is faster, diode D just has longer ON time, this will give the closing time of relay contact K1 with larger tolerance, because the contact K1 of relay must complete closing course when diode current flow, and relay contact closure (comprising the shake of contact) needs certain hour and has certain error, so allow diode that longer ON time can be had to be very necessary.The ON time of diode is no more than 10 milliseconds theoretically, but consider power and the volume of R1, it is too little that the resistance of R2 should not be selected, the ON time of actual diode is no more than 5 milliseconds, this proposes higher requirement to the relay selected, the having stable behavior time of general relay contact is greater than this time, and the relay coordinating AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention to use needs special improvement, does not describe in detail in the present patent application.
In order to solve resistance R1 too little do not have limit inrush currents and R1 too large relay contact closure time bear the larger problem of power, can Series power metal-oxide-semiconductor in the loop of diode D and resistance R1, as shown in Figure 2.The effect of power MOS pipe T1 is: fling-cut switch circuit passes through the charging current of the ON time control AC capacitor controlling metal-oxide-semiconductor in the moment of access electrical network, and in the contact K1 closed and disconnected process of relay J 1, allow metal-oxide-semiconductor T1 conducting always to ensure that diode D is also conducting always, the Continuity signal of metal-oxide-semiconductor T1 is provided by single chip control module.Also power MOS pipe can be substituted with electronic switches such as controllable silicon, IGBT or high-voltage three-pole pipes; so this relay contact protection circuit can be the series connection of diode, resistance and electronic switch; electronic switch can be controllable silicon, power MOS pipe, IGBT, high-voltage power triode etc.
What the controllable silicon CR in the discharge loop that controllable silicon CR and R2 forms played is the effect of discharge switch, and controllable silicon can be substituted as shown in Figure 2 by power MOS pipe T2, and controllable silicon also can replace with high-voltage three-pole pipe or IGBT.Can also connect in discharge loop in addition and add inductance coil L, to reduce the possibility that controllable silicon misleads.So this discharge loop can be the series connection of diode, resistance, inductance and electronic switch, electronic switch can be one-way SCR, bidirectional triode thyristor, power MOS pipe, IGBT, high-voltage power triode etc.If not the occasion needing frequent switching, after capacitor moves back throwing, by T2 and R2, the residual voltage on capacitor thoroughly can be bled off, when capacitor needs again to be charged to capacitor by D, T1 and R1 before switching, after being charged to line voltage peak value, start switching process more again.。
Relay in AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention can be conventional DC electromagnetic relay, magnetic latching relay, also can be mechanical latching relay.Circuit power consumption after using magnetic latching relay or mechanical latching relay can reduce relay contact closure.The relay coordinating AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention to use should be able to meet the requirement that contact chatter time is short and the contact time is stable.
In order to solve R1 value larger time relay contact closure time bear the larger problem of power, also can be connected in parallel on the way at current-limiting resistance R1 two ends with relay contact, as shown in Figure 3.Relay J 2 is controlled by single chip control module, when AC capacitor to be connected with electrical network charging do switching prepare time, the contact K2 of relay J 2 does not close, and current-limiting resistance R2 can the charging current of limiting capacitance device to greatest extent.After several ac period, capacitor is charged to the peak value of line voltage, the contact of relay J 2 can close always, by current-limiting resistance R2 short circuit, be equivalent to diode D directly in parallel with the contact K1 of relay J 1, the load of contact can be reduced when contact K1 closed and disconnected to greatest extent.The value of current-limiting resistance R1 can reach more than 1K Ω in the present embodiment, when fling-cut switch and capacitor access electrical network, charging current can reduce greatly, when multiple capacitor access electrical network, the impact of charging surge current on bus-tie circuit breaker and electrical network is negligible.The contact shunt substituting relay J 2 with the electronic switch such as metal-oxide-semiconductor, controllable silicon can reach the effect of short circuit current limitation resistance equally at the two ends of current-limiting resistance R1, because relay has, cost is low, reliability is high and conveyance capacity strong, has obvious advantage with relay short circuit current limitation resistance R1 than other scheme.
Fig. 4 is the switching circuit unit of the AC capacitor fling-cut switch of the present invention that critical piece forms by diode D, bidirectional triode thyristor BCR, current-limiting resistance short-circuit relay J2 and main relay J1, adds that single chip control module is exactly complete AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit.The coil of relay J 1 plays when controlled silicon conducting and makes relay adhesive and to the double action of capacitor discharge.AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit volume of the present invention is very little, does not have heater element, and whole switch can be fitted together with AC capacitor, makes the AC capacitor with fling-cut switch, easy to install and use greatly.
AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention also can be applicable to the switching of the above high-voltage alternating current capacitor of thousands of volt, only the diode D in contact protection circuit need be changed into the series connection of several diode, even ten Diode series, the voltage that contact is born when the closing of contact is also only 7V, AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention can coordinate vacuum contactor to use, the protection of contact protection circuit is had when vacuum contactor works, load when greatly can alleviate contacting and disconnect, thus greatly extend the useful life of vacuum contactor.
The above, be only preferred embodiment of the present invention, be not intended to limit protection scope of the present invention.
AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention is by the automatic conducting of diode by the discharge process of discharge loop; and during diode current flow, complete the closed and disconnected process of relay contact; diode serves the effect of protection mechanical contact in the process of the closing of contact and disconnection, thus has circuit ingenious, simple and hold manageable feature.Because AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention does not use controllable silicon as electronic switch, thus avoid because the controllable silicon AC capacitor caused that misleads to be shoved because moment is huge the damage of the controllable silicon that causes and capacitor.And in switching process, in the process of diode current flow, also do not produce surge current, do not accomplish when this point is controlled silicon conducting in combination switch or TSC switching scheme.
Claims (4)
1. an AC capacitor operation/cutting method, it is characterized in that: AC capacitor before switching by being connected on the peak value of the diode pair capacitor DC charging between electrical network and AC capacitor to line voltage, first to capacitor discharge during AC capacitor switching, when the voltage on capacitor is put into lower than line voltage, being connected on diode between capacitor and electrical network can automatic conducting, during diode current flow, be connected in parallel on diode two ends and be connected on relay mechanical contact between capacitor and electrical network and close, after relay mechanical contact is closed, by shorted diode, namely the switching process of AC capacitor is completed,
Control to be selected in operate time of relay contacts that diode when contact disconnects bears is forward conduction voltage, just automatically shut down when diode to voltage peak after relay contact disconnects, complete AC capacitor from the disconnection process electrical network.
2. an AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit, be made up of relay contact protection circuit, AC capacitor discharge loop, relay and single chip control module, it is characterized in that: relay contact protection circuit forms by diode is in series with a resistor, is connected in parallel on relay contact two ends; AC capacitor discharge loop forms by controllable silicon is in series with a resistor, is connected in parallel on by the AC capacitor two ends of switching; The contact of relay with by the AC capacitor series connection of switching at electrical network two ends; Single chip control module provides the control signal of AC capacitor discharge loop and relay; Wherein,
AC capacitor before switching by being connected on the peak value of the diode pair capacitor DC charging between electrical network and AC capacitor to line voltage, first to capacitor discharge during AC capacitor switching, when the voltage on capacitor is put into lower than line voltage, being connected on diode between capacitor and electrical network can automatic conducting, during diode current flow, be connected in parallel on diode two ends and be connected on relay mechanical contact between capacitor and electrical network and close, after relay mechanical contact is closed, by shorted diode, namely complete the switching process of AC capacitor; Control to be selected in operate time of relay contacts that diode when contact disconnects bears is forward conduction voltage, just automatically shut down when diode to voltage peak after relay contact disconnects, complete AC capacitor from the disconnection process electrical network.
3. AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit as claimed in claim 2, is characterized in that relay contact protection circuit is the series connection of diode, resistance and electronic switch; Electronic switch is one-way SCR, bidirectional triode thyristor, power MOS pipe, IGBT or high-voltage power triode.
4. AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that AC capacitor discharge loop is the series connection of diode, resistance, inductance and electronic switch, electronic switch is one-way SCR, bidirectional triode thyristor, power MOS pipe, IGBT or high-voltage power triode.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201010199293.2A CN102064549B (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2010-06-12 | AC capacitor operation/cutting method and fling-cut switch circuit |
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| CN200920179929X | 2009-11-11 | ||
| CN200920179929 | 2009-11-11 | ||
| CN200920179929.X | 2009-11-11 | ||
| CN201010199293.2A CN102064549B (en) | 2009-11-11 | 2010-06-12 | AC capacitor operation/cutting method and fling-cut switch circuit |
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| CN102064549A CN102064549A (en) | 2011-05-18 |
| CN102064549B true CN102064549B (en) | 2016-03-16 |
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Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN102420431A (en) * | 2011-11-28 | 2012-04-18 | 吉林市龙华电力技术有限公司 | Low-voltage phase control switch for mechanically switching capacitor |
| CN104300955A (en) * | 2014-10-15 | 2015-01-21 | 南京诺联配电科技有限公司 | Switching circuit used for switching capacitor and switching control method |
| CN111711202A (en) * | 2020-06-30 | 2020-09-25 | 合肥众甫工业技术有限公司 | Reactive compensation capacitor switching device based on three-phase four-wire system power grid |
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