WO2015081615A1 - Direct-current circuit breaker - Google Patents

Direct-current circuit breaker Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2015081615A1
WO2015081615A1 PCT/CN2014/070205 CN2014070205W WO2015081615A1 WO 2015081615 A1 WO2015081615 A1 WO 2015081615A1 CN 2014070205 W CN2014070205 W CN 2014070205W WO 2015081615 A1 WO2015081615 A1 WO 2015081615A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
circuit
combined
lead
current path
out terminal
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2014/070205
Other languages
French (fr)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
肖立业
韦统振
朱晋
王珏
邱清泉
张志丰
林良真
齐智平
李耀华
严萍
Original Assignee
中国科学院电工研究所
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by 中国科学院电工研究所 filed Critical 中国科学院电工研究所
Publication of WO2015081615A1 publication Critical patent/WO2015081615A1/en

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/548—Electromechanical and static switch connected in series
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/59—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle
    • H01H33/596—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switch and not otherwise provided for, e.g. for ensuring operation of the switch at a predetermined point in the ac cycle for interrupting dc
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/02—Details
    • H02H3/025—Disconnection after limiting, e.g. when limiting is not sufficient or for facilitating disconnection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
    • H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
    • H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
    • H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a circuit breaker, and in particular to a DC open circuit topology and a control method thereof. Background technique
  • the fast DC circuit breaker is one of the key equipments to ensure the stable, safe and reliable operation of the DC transmission and distribution system and the DC grid system.
  • the difference with the AC system is that the current of the DC system does not have a natural zero-crossing point. Therefore, the DC system cannot use the natural zero-crossing of the current to turn off like the AC system. Therefore, the DC current breaking problem has always been a research worthwhile. Question. At present, there are usually two ways to break the DC current.
  • the first one is a pure power electronic circuit breaker, such as the patent CN 102870181 A, which is applied by ABB Technology Co., Ltd., which uses a high-power shutdown power electronic device to directly break the DC current.
  • the solid-state circuit breaker manufactured by this principle can meet the requirements of the multi-terminal flexible DC system in time, but the loss in the normal conduction is too large and the economy is poor.
  • the second is hybrid circuit breaker technology, which is based on the traditional AC mechanical circuit breaker, by adding auxiliary power electronic circuit, input current limiting resistor to reduce the short circuit current or superimpose the oscillating current on the DC current of the breaking arc gap. , Break the circuit when the current crosses zero.
  • the hybrid circuit breaker manufactured by this principle has special requirements for the mechanical switch, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of the direct current transmission system in the breaking time. Summary of the invention
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a hybrid DC circuit breaker.
  • the invention has the characteristics of low loss during steady state operation, no arc cut when short circuit fault occurs, and rapid response.
  • the DC circuit breaker topology of the present invention includes: an initial current path, a first combined circuit and a second combined circuit.
  • the first lead terminal of the initial current path is connected to the second lead terminal of the first combined circuit, and the second lead terminal of the initial current path is connected to the first lead terminal of the second combined circuit.
  • the first lead terminal of the first combined circuit is connected as a first lead terminal of the DC circuit breaker to the DC power line, and the second lead terminal of the second combined circuit is connected as a second lead terminal of the DC circuit breaker to the other end of the DC power line .
  • the initial current path has various forms, for example, the mechanical switch module is connected in series with the power electronic switch module, the mechanical switch module is connected in series, and the power electronic switch module is connected in series.
  • the initial current path is immediately cut off; before the initial current path is completely disconnected, the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit maintain the potential difference across the initial current path at a low level, and A combined circuit and a second combined circuit respectively provide a freewheeling path for the fault current to facilitate the initial current path to be disconnected; when the initial current path is completely disconnected, the fault current is freewheeled through the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit, respectively And gradually decay, or the oscillation decays to zero or is separated by the first combined circuit and the second combined electric built-in switch at the current zero crossing point.
  • the initial current path includes a power electronic module and a mechanical switch module; the first combined circuit includes an inductor, a capacitor, and a built-in mechanical switch, and the second combined circuit includes an inductor, a capacitor, and a charging circuit thereof, and the charging circuit includes The charging circuit has a built-in switch and a charging circuit resistor.
  • the built-in switch of the second combined circuit charging circuit may be composed of a mechanical switch module or a power electronic switch module.
  • the mechanical switch module in the initial current path includes at least one mechanical switch series component, and the power electronic module in the initial current path includes at least one power electronic full control device series component; one end of the mechanical switch module and power electronics One end of the module is connected, and the other end of the mechanical switch module serves as a first lead-out terminal of the initial current path; the other end of the power electronic module serves as a second lead-out terminal of the initial current path, and is connected to the first lead-out terminal of the second combined circuit;
  • One end of the first combined loop inductor is connected as a first lead terminal of the first combined loop and a direct current power line; the other end of the first combined loop inductor is connected to one end of the first combined loop capacitor as a first combined loop Second lead terminal, and initial current path a lead terminal is connected; the other end of the first combined circuit capacitor is directly grounded or connected to the neutral line as a third lead terminal of the first combined circuit; and the second combined circuit charging circuit has a built-in switch end and a second combined circuit charging circuit One end of the
  • the mechanical switch module and the power electronic module of the initial current path are both in a closed state, and when the second combined loop inductance or the current flowing through the first combined loop inductor exceeds a limit value is detected, The power electronic module is first disconnected, then the mechanical switch module is quickly disconnected, and then the internal switch is turned off to open the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit respectively at the current zero crossing point, thereby breaking the faulty line;
  • Another way to disconnect the switch module and the power electronic module is: when detecting the second combined loop inductance or the current flowing through the first combined loop inductor exceeds a limit value, the mechanical switch module is first disconnected, and then the power electronic module Disconnect quickly, then disconnect the built-in switch to open the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit when the current crosses zero, thus breaking the faulty line.
  • the invention can selectively increase the capacitance pre-charging circuit between one end of the first combined loop inductor and the second lead terminal of the first combined loop, or the first lead-out terminal and the second combined loop capacitor of the second combined loop A capacitive precharge circuit is selectively added between one end.
  • the present invention can also selectively parallel capacitors across the initial current path.
  • the invention can parallel the voltage limiter at both ends of the first combined circuit capacitor and the second combined circuit capacitor to limit the voltage across the capacitor, thereby preventing the capacitor from being damaged due to overvoltage; or being paralleled at both ends of the initial current path
  • the voltage regulator prevents the initial current path from being damaged by overvoltage.
  • a voltage limiter is connected in series between the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit.
  • the first combined circuit is to include only the capacitor and the built-in mechanical switch, and replace the inductor with a direct current transmission line.
  • Another structure of the first combined circuit is that only the built-in mechanical switch is included, the capacitor can be removed, and the direct current transmission line is used instead of the inductor.
  • the initial current path includes only a mechanical switch module, and the power electronic circuit can be replaced with a power line.
  • the initial current path includes only a power electronic switch module, and the mechanical switch module can be replaced by a power line; here, the power electronic switch module can be composed of multiple sets of full control switch modules, and a set of full control switch modules and multiple sets of half can also be used.
  • the control switch module is composed of a half bridge or a full bridge sub unit module cascade structure.
  • the topology structure of the DC circuit breaker of the present invention is symmetrically installed with the neutral line or the ground point as a reference point, and is suitable for the bipolar transmission line.
  • the inductor and the capacitor in the first combined loop and the second combined loop of the present invention constitute a first-order passive network structure, but are not limited to the first-order structure, that is, not limited to only one inductor and one capacitor, and may be composed of multiple inductors.
  • a multi-stage similar structure of capacitance or resistance is connected to replace the capacitance and inductance in the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit herein.
  • Another implementation of the initial current path is: first open by the initial current path
  • the off unit is composed of one or more capacitive switch combination circuits.
  • the capacitor switch combination circuit is composed of a capacitor unit, a switch unit, a pre-charge resistor, and a pre-charge resistor bypass switch.
  • One end of the pre-charging resistor is connected to one end of the capacitor, and the other end of the capacitor unit is connected to a ground or a bipolar direct current transmission neutral line, and the other end of the pre-charging resistor is connected to the switch unit as a terminal of the capacitive switch combination circuit, and the switch unit is The other end serves as the other terminal of the capacitor switch combination circuit, and the precharge resistor bypass switch is connected in parallel across the precharge resistor.
  • the switching unit may be a mechanical switch, a power electronic switch or a combination switch of a mechanical switch and power electronics.
  • the DC circuit breaker top-breaking is more rapid, and zero arc breaking can be realized; b.
  • the entire commutation topology can adopt conventional components, and the manufacturing difficulty is relatively small, and the reliability is high; c.
  • the DC circuit breaker can short-circuit The current is controlled at a lower level to protect the system's safety;
  • the DC circuit breaker topology can reduce the influence of short-circuit current on the converter station; e. It is easier to combine with the flexible DC transmission system, suitable for integrated design; f. Compared with pure power electronic switching DC circuit breaker Less loss during normal operation; g. The circuit breaker can also be used to maintain transient voltage stability during normal operation; h. The circuit breaker can also perform position detection on the short circuit point of the permanent short circuit fault.
  • Figure 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a circuit schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • Figure 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 3 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a circuit schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 8 is a circuit schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 7 of the present invention.
  • Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit in a specific embodiment 10 of the present invention.
  • Figure 12 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • Figure 13 is a circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 12 of the present invention. detailed description
  • the present invention includes an initial current path 23, a first combined circuit 21, and a second combined circuit 22.
  • the first lead terminal of the initial current path 23 is connected to the second lead terminal of the first combined circuit 21, and the second lead terminal of the initial current path 23 is connected to the first lead terminal of the second combined circuit, the first of the first combined circuit
  • the lead terminal is connected as a first lead terminal 1 of the DC circuit breaker to the direct current power line
  • the second lead terminal of the second combined circuit is connected as a second lead terminal 6 of the DC circuit breaker to the other end of the direct current power line.
  • the initial current path 23 is cut off; before the initial current path 23 is completely turned off, the first combining circuit 21 and the second combining circuit 22
  • the potential difference between the initial current path 23 is maintained at a low level, and the first combining circuit 21 and the second combining circuit 22 respectively provide a freewheeling path for the fault current, so that the initial current path 23 is disconnected; when the initial current path After the 23 is completely disconnected, the fault current is freewheeled by the first combining circuit 21 and the second combining circuit 22, respectively, and gradually attenuated, or oscillated to zero or by the built-in switches of the first combining circuit 21 and the second combining circuit 22.
  • the current zero crossing is divided separately.
  • Fig. 2 shows Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
  • the DC power source 24 is a converter station
  • the resistor 25 is a short-circuit resistor.
  • the basic structure of the DC trip topology of the present invention includes: an initial current path 23, a first combined loop 21 and a second combined loop 22.
  • the initial current path includes a power electronic module 13 and a mechanical switch module 12;
  • the first combined circuit includes an inductor 1 1 , a capacitor 16 and a built-in mechanical switch 61, and the second combined circuit includes an inductor 14 and a capacitor 17 And a charging circuit thereof, the charging circuit is composed of a built-in switch 49 and a resistor 50;
  • the mechanical switch module 12 in the initial current path includes at least one mechanical switch series component, and the power electronic module 13 in the initial current path Including at least one power electronic full control device series assembly; one end of the mechanical switch module 12 is connected to one end of the power electronic module 13, the other end of the mechanical switch module 12 serves as a first lead terminal of the initial current path; and the other end of the power electronic module a second lead terminal as an initial current path is connected to the first lead terminal of the second combined circuit 22; one end of the first combined circuit inductor 11 is used as the first lead terminal 1 of the first combined circuit and the direct current power line Connecting; the other end of the first combined loop induct
  • the first lead terminal of the initial current path 23 is connected to the second lead terminal 2 of the first combined circuit 21, and the second lead terminal of the initial current path 23 is connected to the first lead terminal 3 of the second combined circuit 22.
  • the built-in switch 61 and the built-in switch 49 are respectively disconnected from the circuit at the current zero crossing point of the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit, thereby realizing the breaking of the entire fault line.
  • Another alternative is: when no short circuit condition occurs in the DC transmission line, the mechanical switch module 12 and the power electronic module 13 of the initial current path are both in a closed state, when the second combined loop inductance or the first combination is detected When the current flowing through the loop inductance exceeds a limit value, the mechanical switch module 12 begins to open first, and then the power electronics module 13 is turned off. Then, the built-in switch 61 and the built-in switch 49 are respectively disconnected from the circuit at the current zero crossing point of the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit, thereby realizing the breaking of the entire fault line.
  • Example 2
  • Fig. 3 shows Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Both ends of the capacitor 53 in Fig. 3 are connected to both ends of the initial current loop 23, respectively.
  • a first combined loop capacitor pre-charging circuit is added between the second terminal 2 of the first combined circuit and one end 33 of the first combined circuit capacitor.
  • the precharge circuit 73 is composed of a precharge resistor 72 and a precharge bypass switch 71.
  • the pre-charge bypass switch 71 When the system is just started, the pre-charge bypass switch 71 is turned off to pre-charge the first combined circuit capacitor, and after the charging is completed, the pre-charge bypass switch 71 is closed.
  • a second combined circuit capacitor pre-charging circuit 52 is added between the first combination terminal 3 of the second combined circuit and one end 32 of the second combined circuit capacitor.
  • the pre-charging circuit 52 is composed of a pre-charging resistor 50 and a pre-charge bypass switch 49. . When the system is just started, the pre-charge bypass switch 49 is turned off, the second combined circuit capacitor begins to be pre-charged, and after the charging is completed, the pre-charge bypass switch 49 is closed.
  • Fig. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention.
  • a voltage limiter 47 is connected in parallel across the first combined circuit capacitor, and a voltage limiter 48 is connected in parallel across the second combined circuit capacitor.
  • the voltage limiter 47 dissipates excess energy and limits the voltage across the first combined loop capacitor.
  • the voltage limiter 48 dissipates excess energy, limits the voltage across the second combined loop capacitor, and the voltage limiter 15 is also connected in parallel across the initial current path.
  • One end of the voltage limiter 15 is connected to the second lead terminal 2 of the first combined circuit, and the other end of the voltage limiter is connected to the first lead terminal 3 of the second combined circuit.
  • Figure 6 is a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Since the converter station is generally equipped with a reactor, and the line itself has an inductance effect, the inductor 1 1 and the inductor 14 in the embodiment 1 can be replaced by the converter station, so that the inductance of the first combination loop is replaced by the direct current transmission line 55, that is, The first combined circuit only packs Include a capacitor; Example 6
  • Figure 7 is another embodiment of the present invention and a two-way open circuit operating condition.
  • the power electronic module 13 of the first embodiment can be replaced by a direct current power line 57, which can block the bidirectional fault current.
  • the first extraction terminal 61 of the first circuit breaker 60 is connected to the positive pole of the bipolar transmission line, and the second extraction of the first circuit breaker 60 is performed.
  • the terminal 62 is connected to one end of the analog short-circuit resistor, and the third lead-out terminal 66 and the fourth lead-out terminal 67 of the first circuit breaker 60 are connected to the ground.
  • the first lead-out terminal 63 of the second circuit breaker 65 is connected to the negative pole of the bipolar power transmission line, the second lead-out terminal 64 of the second circuit breaker 65 is connected to the other end of the analog short-circuit resistor, and the third lead-out terminal 68 of the second circuit breaker And the fourth lead terminal 69 is connected to the ground.
  • Example 9 is another embodiment of the present invention and an embodiment of a bidirectional disconnecting condition, in which the power electronic module 70 in the initial current path 73 is terminated by a first power electronic full control device series structure 71 and a second power electronic
  • the control device series structure 72 can conduct current in two directions and can block fault currents in two directions; realize bidirectional protection.
  • Figure 10 is an embodiment of the present invention.
  • the initial current path is composed only of the power electronic module 223.
  • the power electronic module is composed of a plurality of fully controlled devices connected in series, and has a faster turn-off speed.
  • Example 10
  • the initial current path is composed only of the power electronic module 223, and the power electronic module is connected in series by the fully controlled device series module 214 and the semi-controlled device.
  • the module 215 is composed of a full-control device series module and a semi-controlled device series module with voltage limiting devices connected in parallel at both ends; the full-control device series module 214 is composed of at least one fully-controlled device connected in series, such as IGBT, IGCT
  • the semi-controlled device series module 215 is composed of at least one semi-controlled device connected in series, such as a thyristor or the like.
  • the semi-controlled device series module 215 and the full-control device series module 215 receive the shutdown signal at the same time, and the full-control device series module 215 is directly turned off, and the current flowing through the initial current path is instantaneously Blocking, half-controlled device series module 215 current zero-crossing naturally shuts down.
  • Example 1 1
  • Figure 12 is an embodiment of the present invention. 1. The initial current path is only by the power electronics module.
  • the power electronic module is composed of a full-controlled device reverse series module 216 and a semi-controlled device anti-parallel module 216
  • the semi-controlled device anti-parallel module 216 is composed of at least one anti-parallel thyristor connected in series.
  • the DC circuit breaker has a bidirectional fault current blocking capability.
  • the initial current path 23 is composed of a first switching unit 323, an initial current path first capacitance switch combining circuit 133, and an initial current path second capacitance switch combining circuit 233.
  • the first capacitive switch combination circuit 133 is composed of a switch unit 123, a capacitor unit 317, a pre-charge resistor 150, and a pre-charge resistor bypass switch 149. One end of the pre-charge bypass switch is connected to one end of the switch unit 123 as a first capacitor switch combination.
  • the first lead terminal of the circuit is connected to one end of the initial current path switch unit 323, and the other end of the precharge bypass switch is connected to one end of the first capacitor switch combination circuit capacitor 317, and the other end of the first capacitor switch combination circuit capacitor 317 is Ground connection.
  • the precharge resistor is connected in parallel at both ends of the precharge resistor bypass switch, and the other end of the first capacitor switch combination circuit 133 switch module 123 is connected to the first terminal of the second capacitor switch combination circuit 233.
  • the second capacitive switch combination circuit 233 is composed of a switch unit 223, a capacitor unit 417, a pre-charge resistor 250, a pre-charge resistor bypass switch 249, and one end of the pre-charge bypass switch 249 is connected to one end of the switch module 223 as a second capacitor switch combination.
  • the first lead terminal of the circuit is connected to one end of the second capacitive switch combination circuit, and the other end of the precharge bypass switch
  • One end of the two capacitance switch combination circuit capacitor 417 is connected, and the other end of the second capacitance switch combination circuit capacitor 417 is connected to the ground.
  • the pre-charging resistor is connected in parallel at both ends of the pre-charging resistor bypass switch, and the other end of the second capacitor-switching combination circuit 233 of the switching module 223 is connected to the first lead-out terminal of the second combined circuit.
  • the initial current path first switching unit 323, the first capacitive switch combination circuit switching unit 123, and the second capacitive switch combination circuit switching unit 223 are all in a closed state, when a short circuit fault of the direct current transmission line is detected.
  • the initial current path first switching unit 323 is turned off, then the first capacitive switch combination current switching unit 123 is turned off, and then the second capacitive switch combining circuit switching unit 223 is turned off.
  • the current of the near-current converter station 24 flows through the first combined loop inductor to charge the first combined loop capacitor, and the first combined loop capacitor voltage rises and eventually suppresses the short-circuit current to gradually decay to zero.
  • the short-circuit point current flows through the second combined loop capacitor, and the second combined loop inductor, the transmission line, and the short-circuit point 25 form a loop, and finally oscillates to zero.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

A direct-current circuit breaker consists of an initial current passage (23), a first combination loop (21), and a second combination loop (22). A first leading-out terminal of the initial current passage (23) is connected to a second leading-out terminal of the first combination loop (21). A second leading-out terminal of the initial current passage (23) is connected to a first leading-out terminal of the second combination loop (22). The first leading-out terminal of the first combination loop (21) serves as a first leading-out terminal of the direct-current circuit breaker and is connected to a direct-current power transmission line. The second leading-out terminal of the second combination loop (22) serves as a second leading-out terminal of the direct-current circuit breaker and is connected to the other end of the direct-current power transmission line. When a high-voltage direct-current power transmission circuit is failed, the failed power transmission circuit can be quickly switched off.

Description

一种直流断路器 技术领域  DC circuit breaker technical field
本发明涉及一种断路器， 具体涉及一种直流断路拓扑及其控制方 法。 背景技术  The present invention relates to a circuit breaker, and in particular to a DC open circuit topology and a control method thereof. Background technique
快速直流断路器是保证直流输配电系统和直流电网系统稳定安全 可靠运行的关键设备之一。 与交流系统所不同的是， 直流系统的电流 并不存在自然过零点， 因此直流系统中无法像交流系统一样利用电流 的自然过零点关断， 因此直流电流的开断问题一直是一个值得研究的 课题。 目前开断直流电流通常有两种方式，第一种是纯电力电子断路器， 如 ABB技术有限公司申请的专利 CN 102870181 A，利用大功率可关断 电力电子器件， 直接分断直流电流。 利用这种原理制造的固态断路器， 在时间上虽然可以满足多端柔性直流系统的要求， 但在正常导通时的 损耗过大， 经济性较差。 第二种是混合断路器技术， 即在传统的交流机械断路器的基础上， 通过增加辅助的电力电子电路， 投入限流电阻以降低短路电流或在开 断弧间隙的直流电流上叠加振荡电流， 利用电流过零时开断电路。 利 用这种原理制造的混合式断路器， 其对机械开关有特殊要求， 在分断 时间上较难满足直流输电系统的要求。 发明内容  The fast DC circuit breaker is one of the key equipments to ensure the stable, safe and reliable operation of the DC transmission and distribution system and the DC grid system. The difference with the AC system is that the current of the DC system does not have a natural zero-crossing point. Therefore, the DC system cannot use the natural zero-crossing of the current to turn off like the AC system. Therefore, the DC current breaking problem has always been a research worthwhile. Question. At present, there are usually two ways to break the DC current. The first one is a pure power electronic circuit breaker, such as the patent CN 102870181 A, which is applied by ABB Technology Co., Ltd., which uses a high-power shutdown power electronic device to directly break the DC current. The solid-state circuit breaker manufactured by this principle can meet the requirements of the multi-terminal flexible DC system in time, but the loss in the normal conduction is too large and the economy is poor. The second is hybrid circuit breaker technology, which is based on the traditional AC mechanical circuit breaker, by adding auxiliary power electronic circuit, input current limiting resistor to reduce the short circuit current or superimpose the oscillating current on the DC current of the breaking arc gap. , Break the circuit when the current crosses zero. The hybrid circuit breaker manufactured by this principle has special requirements for the mechanical switch, and it is difficult to meet the requirements of the direct current transmission system in the breaking time. Summary of the invention
本发明的目的是克服现有技术的不足， 提出一种混合式直流断路 器。 本发明具有稳态运行时损耗小， 出现短路故障时无电弧切断， 响 应迅速等特点。 本发明直流断路器拓扑结构包括： 初始电流通路， 第一组合回路 和第二组合回路。 初始电流通路的第一引出端子与第一组合回路的第 二引出端子连接， 初始电流通路的第二引出端子与第二组合回路的第 一引出端子连接。 第一组合回路的第一引出端子作为直流断路器的第 一引出端子与直流输电线连接， 第二组合回路的第二引出端子作为直 流断路器的第二引出端子与直流输电线的另一端连接。 初始电流通路 有多种组成形式， 例如机械开关模块与电力电子开关模块串联， 机械 开关模块串联， 电力电子开关模块串联等。 当检测到线路短路故障以后， 立即开始切断初始电流通路； 在完 全断开初始电流通路以前， 第一组合电路和第二组合电路使得初始电 流通路两端电位差维持在较低的水平， 并且第一组合电路和第二组合 电路可以分别为故障电流提供续流通路， 以便于初始电流通路断开； 当初始电流通路完全断开以后， 故障电流分别通过第一组合电路和第 二组合电路续流， 并逐渐衰减、 或振荡衰减到零或由第一组合电路和 第二组合电内置的开关在电流过零点分别分断。 所述的初始电流通路包括电力电子模块和机械开关模块； 所述的 第一组合回路包括电感、 电容和内置机械开关， 所述的第二组合回路 包括电感、 电容及其充电电路， 充电电路包括充电电路内置开关及充 电电路电阻， 第二组合回路充电电路的内置开关可以由机械开关模块 组成， 也可以由电力电子开关模块组成。 所述的初始电流通路中的机 械开关模块包括至少一个机械开关串联组件， 所述的初始电流通路中 的电力电子模块包括至少一个的电力电子全控器件串联组件； 机械开 关模块的一端与电力电子模块的一端连接， 机械开关模块的另一端作 为初始电流通路的第一引出端子； 电力电子模块的另一端作为初始电 流通路的第二引出端子， 和第二组合回路的第一引出端子连接； 所述 的第一组合回路电感一端作为第一组合回路的第一引出端子和直流输 电线连接； 所述的第一组合回路电感的另一端与第一组合回路电容的 一端连接， 作为第一组合回路的第二引出端子， 和初始电流通路的第 一引出端子连接； 第一组合回路电容的另一端作为第一组合回路的第 三引出端子直接接地或连接中性线； 所述的第二组合回路充电电路内 置开关一端与第二组合回路充电电路电阻一端连接作为第二组合回路 充电电路的第一引出端子， 所述第二组合回路充电电路内置开关另一 端与第二组合回路充电电路电阻另一端作为第二组合回路充电电路的 第二引出端子； 第二组合回路电感一端与第二组合回路充电电路第一 引出端子连接作为第二组合回路的第一引出端子， 所述第二组合回路 充电电路的第二引出端子与电容一端连接， 第二组合回路电感的另一 端作为第二组合回路的第二引出端子； 第二组合回路电容的另一端作 为第二组合回路的第三引出端子直接接地或连接中性线； 初始电流通 路的第一引出端子与第一组合回路的第二引出端子连接， 初始电流通 路的第二引出端子与第二组合回路的第一引出端子连接。 在直流输电线路无故障时， 所述的初始电流通路的机械开关模块 和电力电子模块均处于闭合状态， 当检测到第二组合回路电感或第一 组合回路电感上流过的电流超过限定值时， 电力电子模块首先断开， 然后机械开关模块迅速断开， 之后断开内置开关， 以在电流过零点时 分别开断第一组合回路和第二组合回路， 从而实现对故障线路的开断； 机械开关模块和电力电子模块断开顺序的另一种方式为： 当检测到第 二组合回路电感或第一组合回路电感上流过的电流超过限定值时， 机 械开关模块首先断开， 然后电力电子模块迅速断开， 之后断开内置开 关， 以在电流过零点时分别开断第一组合回路和第二组合回路， 从而 实现对故障线路的开断。 本发明可以在第一组合回路电感的一端与第一组合回路的第二引 出端子之间选择性的增加电容预充电电路， 或在第二组合回路的第一 引出端子与第二组合回路电容的一端之间选择性的增加电容预充电电 路。 本发明也可以在初始电流通路两端可以选择性的并联电容。 本发明可以在第一组合回路电容两端和第二组合回路电容两端并 联限压器， 限制电容两端电压， 从而避免电容器因过电压而损坏； 也 可以在初始电流通路的两端并联限压器， 从而避免初始电流通路因过 电压而损坏。 或者在第一组合回路和第二组合回路之间串接限压器。 所述的第一组合回路的另一种实现方式为仅包括电容和内置机械 开关， 用直流输电线代替电感。 所述的第一组合回路另一种结构方式为仅包括内置机械开关， 电 容可以移除， 用直流输电线代替电感。 所述的初始电流通路仅包括机械开关模块， 可用输电线代替电力 电子模块。 所述的初始电流通路仅包括电力电子开关模块， 可用输电线代替 机械开关模块； 在此， 电力电子开关模块可以用多组全控开关模块组 成、 也可用一组全控开关模块与多组半控开关模块组成， 也可以由半 桥或者全桥子单元模块级联结构组成。 本发明直流断路器的拓扑结构以中性线或接地点为参考点对称安 装的结构形式适用于双极性输电线路。 本发明第一组合回路和第二组合回路中的电感和电容构成一个一 阶无源网络结构， 但是并不仅限于一阶结构， 即并不仅限于只包含一 个电感和一个电容， 可以由多个电感和电容或电阻组成多阶类似的结 构连接在一起取代本文中第一组合回路和第二组合回路中的电容和电 感。 所述的初始电流通路另一种实现方式是： 由初始电流通路第一开 关单元和一个或多个电容开关组合电路级联组成。 所述的电容开关组 合电路由电容单元， 开关单元， 预充电电阻， 预充电电阻旁路开关组 成。 所述的预充电电阻一端与电容一端连接， 电容单元另一端与地或 双极性直流输电中性线连接， 预充电电阻另一端与开关单元连接作为 电容开关组合电路一端引出端子， 开关单元的另一端作为电容开关组 合电路另一端引出端子， 预充电电阻旁路开关并联在预充电电阻两端。 所述开关单元可以是机械开关、 电力电子开关或者机械开关与电力电 子相结合的组合开关。 在直流输电系统正常运行时， 所述初始电流通路中的所有电容开 关组合电路所有开关单元均处于导通状态。 当线路出现短路故障时， 所述初始电流通路中的电容开关组合电路内的开关单元和初始电流通 路第一开关单元顺次开断或同时开断； 最终形成第一组合回路与第二 组合回路两个电流回路， 其后的关断过程与不加入电容开关组合电路 时直流断路器关断过程相同。 所述的第二组合回路电流震荡衰减至零， 根据已知的第二组合回 路电感值和第二组合回路电容值， 以及电流震荡衰减至零的暂态过程， 可推算出此时的短路阻抗， 可用于推算出短路点的位置， 进行故障定 位。 本发明的优点： The object of the present invention is to overcome the deficiencies of the prior art and to provide a hybrid DC circuit breaker. The invention has the characteristics of low loss during steady state operation, no arc cut when short circuit fault occurs, and rapid response. The DC circuit breaker topology of the present invention includes: an initial current path, a first combined circuit and a second combined circuit. The first lead terminal of the initial current path is connected to the second lead terminal of the first combined circuit, and the second lead terminal of the initial current path is connected to the first lead terminal of the second combined circuit. The first lead terminal of the first combined circuit is connected as a first lead terminal of the DC circuit breaker to the DC power line, and the second lead terminal of the second combined circuit is connected as a second lead terminal of the DC circuit breaker to the other end of the DC power line . The initial current path has various forms, for example, the mechanical switch module is connected in series with the power electronic switch module, the mechanical switch module is connected in series, and the power electronic switch module is connected in series. When the line short circuit fault is detected, the initial current path is immediately cut off; before the initial current path is completely disconnected, the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit maintain the potential difference across the initial current path at a low level, and A combined circuit and a second combined circuit respectively provide a freewheeling path for the fault current to facilitate the initial current path to be disconnected; when the initial current path is completely disconnected, the fault current is freewheeled through the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit, respectively And gradually decay, or the oscillation decays to zero or is separated by the first combined circuit and the second combined electric built-in switch at the current zero crossing point. The initial current path includes a power electronic module and a mechanical switch module; the first combined circuit includes an inductor, a capacitor, and a built-in mechanical switch, and the second combined circuit includes an inductor, a capacitor, and a charging circuit thereof, and the charging circuit includes The charging circuit has a built-in switch and a charging circuit resistor. The built-in switch of the second combined circuit charging circuit may be composed of a mechanical switch module or a power electronic switch module. The mechanical switch module in the initial current path includes at least one mechanical switch series component, and the power electronic module in the initial current path includes at least one power electronic full control device series component; one end of the mechanical switch module and power electronics One end of the module is connected, and the other end of the mechanical switch module serves as a first lead-out terminal of the initial current path; the other end of the power electronic module serves as a second lead-out terminal of the initial current path, and is connected to the first lead-out terminal of the second combined circuit; One end of the first combined loop inductor is connected as a first lead terminal of the first combined loop and a direct current power line; the other end of the first combined loop inductor is connected to one end of the first combined loop capacitor as a first combined loop Second lead terminal, and initial current path a lead terminal is connected; the other end of the first combined circuit capacitor is directly grounded or connected to the neutral line as a third lead terminal of the first combined circuit; and the second combined circuit charging circuit has a built-in switch end and a second combined circuit charging circuit One end of the resistor is connected as a first lead terminal of the second combined circuit charging circuit, and the other end of the second combined circuit charging circuit has a switch and the other end of the second combined circuit charging circuit as a second lead terminal of the second combined circuit charging circuit One end of the second combined circuit inductor is connected to the first lead terminal of the second combined circuit charging circuit as the first lead terminal of the second combined circuit, and the second lead terminal of the second combined circuit charging circuit is connected to one end of the capacitor, second The other end of the combined loop inductor serves as the second lead terminal of the second combined loop; the other end of the second combined loop capacitor is directly grounded or connected to the neutral line as the third lead terminal of the second combined loop; the first lead of the initial current path The terminal is connected to the second lead terminal of the first combined circuit, and the initial current is The second lead terminal of the road is connected to the first lead terminal of the second combination circuit. When the DC transmission line is faultless, the mechanical switch module and the power electronic module of the initial current path are both in a closed state, and when the second combined loop inductance or the current flowing through the first combined loop inductor exceeds a limit value is detected, The power electronic module is first disconnected, then the mechanical switch module is quickly disconnected, and then the internal switch is turned off to open the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit respectively at the current zero crossing point, thereby breaking the faulty line; Another way to disconnect the switch module and the power electronic module is: when detecting the second combined loop inductance or the current flowing through the first combined loop inductor exceeds a limit value, the mechanical switch module is first disconnected, and then the power electronic module Disconnect quickly, then disconnect the built-in switch to open the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit when the current crosses zero, thus breaking the faulty line. The invention can selectively increase the capacitance pre-charging circuit between one end of the first combined loop inductor and the second lead terminal of the first combined loop, or the first lead-out terminal and the second combined loop capacitor of the second combined loop A capacitive precharge circuit is selectively added between one end. The present invention can also selectively parallel capacitors across the initial current path. The invention can parallel the voltage limiter at both ends of the first combined circuit capacitor and the second combined circuit capacitor to limit the voltage across the capacitor, thereby preventing the capacitor from being damaged due to overvoltage; or being paralleled at both ends of the initial current path The voltage regulator prevents the initial current path from being damaged by overvoltage. Or a voltage limiter is connected in series between the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit. Another implementation of the first combined circuit is to include only the capacitor and the built-in mechanical switch, and replace the inductor with a direct current transmission line. Another structure of the first combined circuit is that only the built-in mechanical switch is included, the capacitor can be removed, and the direct current transmission line is used instead of the inductor. The initial current path includes only a mechanical switch module, and the power electronic circuit can be replaced with a power line. The initial current path includes only a power electronic switch module, and the mechanical switch module can be replaced by a power line; here, the power electronic switch module can be composed of multiple sets of full control switch modules, and a set of full control switch modules and multiple sets of half can also be used. The control switch module is composed of a half bridge or a full bridge sub unit module cascade structure. The topology structure of the DC circuit breaker of the present invention is symmetrically installed with the neutral line or the ground point as a reference point, and is suitable for the bipolar transmission line. The inductor and the capacitor in the first combined loop and the second combined loop of the present invention constitute a first-order passive network structure, but are not limited to the first-order structure, that is, not limited to only one inductor and one capacitor, and may be composed of multiple inductors. A multi-stage similar structure of capacitance or resistance is connected to replace the capacitance and inductance in the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit herein. Another implementation of the initial current path is: first open by the initial current path The off unit is composed of one or more capacitive switch combination circuits. The capacitor switch combination circuit is composed of a capacitor unit, a switch unit, a pre-charge resistor, and a pre-charge resistor bypass switch. One end of the pre-charging resistor is connected to one end of the capacitor, and the other end of the capacitor unit is connected to a ground or a bipolar direct current transmission neutral line, and the other end of the pre-charging resistor is connected to the switch unit as a terminal of the capacitive switch combination circuit, and the switch unit is The other end serves as the other terminal of the capacitor switch combination circuit, and the precharge resistor bypass switch is connected in parallel across the precharge resistor. The switching unit may be a mechanical switch, a power electronic switch or a combination switch of a mechanical switch and power electronics. When the direct current transmission system is in normal operation, all the switching units of all the capacitive switch combination circuits in the initial current path are in an on state. When a short circuit fault occurs in the line, the switching unit in the capacitive switch combination circuit in the initial current path and the first switching unit in the initial current path are sequentially turned off or simultaneously turned off; finally forming the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit The two current loops, the subsequent turn-off process is the same as the DC breaker turn-off process when no capacitive switch combination circuit is added. The second combined loop current oscillates to zero. According to the known second combined loop inductance value and the second combined loop capacitance value, and the transient process in which the current oscillation decays to zero, the short circuit impedance at this time can be derived. Can be used to estimate the position of the short-circuit point and locate the fault. Advantages of the invention:
a.该直流断路器拓扑开断更为迅速， 能够实现零电弧开断； b.整个换流拓扑可采用常规部件， 制造难度相对较小， 可靠性高； c.该直流断路器能够将短路电流控制在较低的水平， 从而保护系 统安全性；  a. The DC circuit breaker top-breaking is more rapid, and zero arc breaking can be realized; b. The entire commutation topology can adopt conventional components, and the manufacturing difficulty is relatively small, and the reliability is high; c. The DC circuit breaker can short-circuit The current is controlled at a lower level to protect the system's safety;
d.该直流断路器拓扑能够减小短路电流对换流站的影响； e.更容易与柔性直流输电系统结合， 适宜于一体化设计； f.与纯电力电子开关式直流断路器相比系统正常工作时的损耗更 小； g.该断路器还能够用于维持正常态运行时的暂态电压稳定性； h.该断路器还能够对永久性短路故障的短路点进行定位检测。 附图说明 d. The DC circuit breaker topology can reduce the influence of short-circuit current on the converter station; e. It is easier to combine with the flexible DC transmission system, suitable for integrated design; f. Compared with pure power electronic switching DC circuit breaker Less loss during normal operation; g. The circuit breaker can also be used to maintain transient voltage stability during normal operation; h. The circuit breaker can also perform position detection on the short circuit point of the permanent short circuit fault. DRAWINGS
图 1为本发明的电路原理图；  Figure 1 is a circuit schematic diagram of the present invention;
图 2为本发明的具体实施例 1中的电路原理图；  2 is a circuit schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图 3为本发明的具体实施例 2中的电路原理图；  Figure 3 is a circuit schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 2 of the present invention;
图 4为本发明的具体实施例 3中的电路原理图；  Figure 4 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 3 of the present invention;
图 5为本发明的具体实施例 4中的电路原理图；  Figure 5 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 4 of the present invention;
图 6为本发明的具体实施例 5中的电路原理图；  Figure 6 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 5 of the present invention;
图 7为本发明的具体实施例 6中的电路原理图；  Figure 7 is a circuit schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 6 of the present invention;
图 8为本发明的具体实施例 7中的电路原理图；  Figure 8 is a circuit schematic diagram of a specific embodiment 7 of the present invention;
图 9为本发明的具体实施例 8中的电路原理图；  Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 8 of the present invention;
图 10为本发明的具体实施例 9中的电路原理图；  Figure 10 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 9 of the present invention;
图 1 1为本发明的具体实施例 10中的电路原理图；  Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a circuit in a specific embodiment 10 of the present invention;
图 12为本发明的具体实施例 1 1中的电路原理图；  Figure 12 is a schematic circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 1 of the present invention;
图 13为本发明的具体实施例 12中的电路原理图。 具体实施方式  Figure 13 is a circuit diagram of a specific embodiment 12 of the present invention. detailed description
下面结合附图及具体实施方式对本发明作进一步说明。 如图 1所示， 本发明包括初始电流通路 23、 第一组合回路 21和 第二组合回路 22。 初始电流通路 23 的第一引出端子与第一组合回路 21的第二引出端子连接，初始电流通路 23的第二引出端子与第二组合 回路的第一引出端子连接， 第一组合回路的第一引出端子作为直流断 路器的第一引出端子 1 与直流输电线连接， 第二组合回路的第二引出 端子作为直流断路器的第二引出端子 6与直流输电线的另一端连接。 当检测到线路短路故障以后， 立即开始切断初始电流通路 23 ; 在 完全断开初始电流通路 23以前， 第一组合电路 21和第二组合电路 22 使得初始电流通路 23两端电位差维持在较低的水平， 并且第一组合电 路 21 和第二组合电路 22分别为故障电流提供续流通路， 以便于初始 电流通路 23 断开； 当初始电流通路 23完全断开以后， 故障电流分别 通过第一组合电路 21 和第二组合电路 22续流， 并逐渐衰减、 或振荡 衰减到零或由第一组合电路 21 和第二组合电路 22的内置开关在电流 过零点分别分断。 实施例 1 The invention will be further described below in conjunction with the drawings and specific embodiments. As shown in FIG. 1, the present invention includes an initial current path 23, a first combined circuit 21, and a second combined circuit 22. The first lead terminal of the initial current path 23 is connected to the second lead terminal of the first combined circuit 21, and the second lead terminal of the initial current path 23 is connected to the first lead terminal of the second combined circuit, the first of the first combined circuit The lead terminal is connected as a first lead terminal 1 of the DC circuit breaker to the direct current power line, and the second lead terminal of the second combined circuit is connected as a second lead terminal 6 of the DC circuit breaker to the other end of the direct current power line. Immediately after the line short circuit fault is detected, the initial current path 23 is cut off; before the initial current path 23 is completely turned off, the first combining circuit 21 and the second combining circuit 22 The potential difference between the initial current path 23 is maintained at a low level, and the first combining circuit 21 and the second combining circuit 22 respectively provide a freewheeling path for the fault current, so that the initial current path 23 is disconnected; when the initial current path After the 23 is completely disconnected, the fault current is freewheeled by the first combining circuit 21 and the second combining circuit 22, respectively, and gradually attenuated, or oscillated to zero or by the built-in switches of the first combining circuit 21 and the second combining circuit 22. The current zero crossing is divided separately. Example 1
图 2所示为本发明的实施例 1。 如图 2所示， 直流电源 24为换流 站， 电阻 25为短路电阻。 本发明直流断路拓扑的基本结构包括： 初始 电流通路 23， 第一组合回路 21和第二组合回路 22。 所述的初始电流通路包括电力电子模块 13 和机械开关模块 12 ; 所述的第一组合回路包括电感 1 1、 电容 16和内置机械开关 61， 所述 的第二组合回路包括电感 14、 电容 17及其充电电路， 所述充电电路由 内置开关 49及电阻 50组成； 所述的初始电流通路中的机械开关模块 12 包括至少一个机械开关串联组件， 所述的初始电流通路中的电力电 子模块 13包括至少一个的电力电子全控器件串联组件； 机械开关模块 12的一端与电力电子模块 13的一端连接， 机械开关模块 12的另一端 作为初始电流通路的第一引出端子； 电力电子模块的另一端作为初始 电流通路的第二引出端子， 和第二组合回路 22的第一引出端子连接； 所述的第一组合回路电感 1 1的一端作为第一组合回路的第一引出端子 1和直流输电线连接； 所述的第一组合回路电感 1 1 的另一端与第一组 合回路电容 16 的一端连接， 作为第一组合回路 21 的第二引出端子 2 和初始电流通路 23 的第一引出端子连接； 第一组合回路电容 16的另 一端作为第一组合回路的第三引出端子 8 直接接地或连接中性线； 所 述的第二组合回路充电电路内置开关 49一端与第二组合回路充电电路 电阻 50—端连接作为第二组合回路充电电路的第一引出端子 101， 所 述第二组合回路充电电路内置开关 49另一端与第二组合回路充电电路 电阻 50另一端作为第二组合回路充电电路的第二引出端子 102; 第二 组合回路电感 14的一端与第二组合回路充电电路第一引出端子 101连 接作为第二组合回路 22的第一引出端子 3， 所述第二组合回路充电电 路的第二引出端子 102与电容 17 的一端连接， 第二组合回路电感 14 的另一端作为第二组合回路 22的第二引出端子；第二组合回路电容 17 的另一端作为第二组合回路 22的第三引出端子 7直接接地或连接中性 线； 初始电流通路 23 的第一引出端子与第一组合回路 21 的第二引出 端子 2连接， 初始电流通路 23的第二引出端子与第二组合回路 22的 第一引出端子 3连接。 在直流输电线路没有短路情况发生时， 所述的初始电流通路的机 械开关模块 12和电力电子模块 13均处于闭合状态， 当检测到第二组 合回路电感或第一组合回路电感上流过的电流超过限定值时， 电力电 子模块 13首先断开， 然后机械开关模块 12迅速断开。 之后使内置开 关 61 和内置开关 49分别在第一组合回路和第二组合回路的电流过零 点时候断开回路， 从而实现对整个故障线路的分断。 另一种替换方案是： 在直流输电线路没有短路情况发生时， 所述 的初始电流通路的机械开关模块 12和电力电子模块 13均处于闭合状 态， 当检测到第二组合回路电感或第一组合回路电感上流过的电流超 过限定值时， 机械开关模块 12先开始断开， 然后电力电子模块 13 断 开。 之后使内置开关 61 和内置开关 49分别在第一组合回路和第二组 合回路的电流过零点时候断开回路， 从而实现对整个故障线路的分断。 实施例 2 Fig. 2 shows Embodiment 1 of the present invention. As shown in Fig. 2, the DC power source 24 is a converter station, and the resistor 25 is a short-circuit resistor. The basic structure of the DC trip topology of the present invention includes: an initial current path 23, a first combined loop 21 and a second combined loop 22. The initial current path includes a power electronic module 13 and a mechanical switch module 12; the first combined circuit includes an inductor 1 1 , a capacitor 16 and a built-in mechanical switch 61, and the second combined circuit includes an inductor 14 and a capacitor 17 And a charging circuit thereof, the charging circuit is composed of a built-in switch 49 and a resistor 50; the mechanical switch module 12 in the initial current path includes at least one mechanical switch series component, and the power electronic module 13 in the initial current path Including at least one power electronic full control device series assembly; one end of the mechanical switch module 12 is connected to one end of the power electronic module 13, the other end of the mechanical switch module 12 serves as a first lead terminal of the initial current path; and the other end of the power electronic module a second lead terminal as an initial current path is connected to the first lead terminal of the second combined circuit 22; one end of the first combined circuit inductor 11 is used as the first lead terminal 1 of the first combined circuit and the direct current power line Connecting; the other end of the first combined loop inductor 1 1 and one end of the first combined loop capacitor 16 Connected as the second lead terminal 2 of the first combined circuit 21 and the first lead terminal of the initial current path 23; the other end of the first combined circuit capacitor 16 is directly grounded or connected as the third lead terminal 8 of the first combined circuit a neutral line; one end of the second combined circuit charging circuit built-in switch 49 is connected to the second combined circuit charging circuit resistance 50-terminal as the first output terminal 101 of the second combined circuit charging circuit, and the second combined circuit is charged The other end of the circuit built-in switch 49 and the other end of the second combined circuit charging circuit resistor 50 serve as the second lead terminal 102 of the second combined circuit charging circuit; One end of the combined loop inductor 14 is connected to the first lead terminal 101 of the second combined circuit charging circuit as the first lead terminal 3 of the second combined circuit 22, and the second lead terminal 102 of the second combined circuit charging circuit and the capacitor 17 One end is connected, the other end of the second combined circuit inductor 14 is used as the second lead terminal of the second combined circuit 22; the other end of the second combined circuit capacitor 17 is directly grounded or connected as the third lead terminal 7 of the second combined circuit 22. The first lead terminal of the initial current path 23 is connected to the second lead terminal 2 of the first combined circuit 21, and the second lead terminal of the initial current path 23 is connected to the first lead terminal 3 of the second combined circuit 22. When no short circuit condition occurs in the DC transmission line, the mechanical switch module 12 and the power electronic module 13 of the initial current path are both in a closed state, and when the second combined loop inductance or the current flowing through the first combined loop inductor is detected, the current exceeds When the value is limited, the power electronics module 13 is first turned off and then the mechanical switch module 12 is quickly turned off. Then, the built-in switch 61 and the built-in switch 49 are respectively disconnected from the circuit at the current zero crossing point of the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit, thereby realizing the breaking of the entire fault line. Another alternative is: when no short circuit condition occurs in the DC transmission line, the mechanical switch module 12 and the power electronic module 13 of the initial current path are both in a closed state, when the second combined loop inductance or the first combination is detected When the current flowing through the loop inductance exceeds a limit value, the mechanical switch module 12 begins to open first, and then the power electronics module 13 is turned off. Then, the built-in switch 61 and the built-in switch 49 are respectively disconnected from the circuit at the current zero crossing point of the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit, thereby realizing the breaking of the entire fault line. Example 2
图 3所示为本发明的实施例 2。 图 3中的电容 53的两端分别连接 在初始电流回路 23的两端。 实施例 3  Fig. 3 shows Embodiment 2 of the present invention. Both ends of the capacitor 53 in Fig. 3 are connected to both ends of the initial current loop 23, respectively. Example 3
图 4所示为本发明的实施例 3， 在第一组合回路第二引出端子 2 和第一组合回路电容的一端 33之间加入第一组合回路电容预充电电路 73， 预充电电路 73 由预充电电阻 72、 预充电旁路开关 71组成。 在系 统刚启动时， 预充电旁路开关 71断开， 对第一组合回路电容进行预充 电， 充电完成后， 预充电旁路开关 71闭合。 在第二组合回路第一引出端子 3和第二组合回路电容的一端 32之 间加入第二组合回路电容预充电电路 52，预充电电路 52由预充电电阻 50， 和预充电旁路开关 49组成。 在系统刚启动时， 预充电旁路开关 49 断开， 第二组合回路电容开始预充电， 充电完成后， 预充电旁路开关 49闭合。 实施例 4 4 shows a third embodiment of the present invention, a first combined loop capacitor pre-charging circuit is added between the second terminal 2 of the first combined circuit and one end 33 of the first combined circuit capacitor. 73. The precharge circuit 73 is composed of a precharge resistor 72 and a precharge bypass switch 71. When the system is just started, the pre-charge bypass switch 71 is turned off to pre-charge the first combined circuit capacitor, and after the charging is completed, the pre-charge bypass switch 71 is closed. A second combined circuit capacitor pre-charging circuit 52 is added between the first combination terminal 3 of the second combined circuit and one end 32 of the second combined circuit capacitor. The pre-charging circuit 52 is composed of a pre-charging resistor 50 and a pre-charge bypass switch 49. . When the system is just started, the pre-charge bypass switch 49 is turned off, the second combined circuit capacitor begins to be pre-charged, and after the charging is completed, the pre-charge bypass switch 49 is closed. Example 4
图 5 为本发明的实施例 4， 在第一组合回路电容的两端并联了限 压器 47， 在第二组合回路电容的两端并联了限压器 48。 当第一组合回 路电容两端电压超过限值时， 限压器 47耗散掉多余能量， 限制第一组 合回路电容两端电压。 当第二组合回路电容两端电压超过限值时， 限 压器 48耗散掉多余能量， 限制第二组合回路电容两端电压， 初始电流 通路的两端也并联了限压器 15。 所述的限压器 15的一端与第一组合回路的第二引出端子 2连接， 限压器的另一端与第二组合回路的第一引出端子 3 连接。 限压器有多 种实现方式， 如非线性电阻 ZnO限流器等。 当第一组合回路的第二引出端子 2与第二组合回路的第一引出端 子 3之间的电压超过限压器 15的动作电压时， 限压器 15动作， 消耗 上第一组合回路电感上储存的多余能量。 实施例 5  Fig. 5 shows a fourth embodiment of the present invention. A voltage limiter 47 is connected in parallel across the first combined circuit capacitor, and a voltage limiter 48 is connected in parallel across the second combined circuit capacitor. When the voltage across the first combined return capacitor exceeds the limit, the voltage limiter 47 dissipates excess energy and limits the voltage across the first combined loop capacitor. When the voltage across the second combined loop capacitor exceeds the limit, the voltage limiter 48 dissipates excess energy, limits the voltage across the second combined loop capacitor, and the voltage limiter 15 is also connected in parallel across the initial current path. One end of the voltage limiter 15 is connected to the second lead terminal 2 of the first combined circuit, and the other end of the voltage limiter is connected to the first lead terminal 3 of the second combined circuit. There are many ways to implement voltage limiters, such as non-linear resistor ZnO current limiters. When the voltage between the second terminal 2 of the first combined circuit and the first terminal 3 of the second combined circuit exceeds the operating voltage of the voltage limiter 15, the voltage limiter 15 operates to consume the first combined circuit inductance. Excess energy stored. Example 5
图 6 为本发明的实施例 5。 由于换流站一般配有电抗器， 且线路 本身具有电感效应，可以以换流站代替实施例 1中的电感 1 1和电感 14， 因此第一组合回路的电感用直流输电线 55代替， 即第一组合回路仅包 括一个电容； 实施例 6 Figure 6 is a fifth embodiment of the present invention. Since the converter station is generally equipped with a reactor, and the line itself has an inductance effect, the inductor 1 1 and the inductor 14 in the embodiment 1 can be replaced by the converter station, so that the inductance of the first combination loop is replaced by the direct current transmission line 55, that is, The first combined circuit only packs Include a capacitor; Example 6
图 7为本发明的另一应用与双向断路工况的实施例， 采用特殊机 械断路器， 可以用直流输电线 57代替实施例 1中的电力电子模块 13， 机械断路器可阻断双向故障电流； 实施例 7  Figure 7 is another embodiment of the present invention and a two-way open circuit operating condition. With a special mechanical circuit breaker, the power electronic module 13 of the first embodiment can be replaced by a direct current power line 57, which can block the bidirectional fault current. Example 7
图 8作为本发明的另一应用与双极性柔性直流输电时的实施例， 第一断路器 60的第一引出端子 61 与双极输电线路的正极连接， 第一 断路器 60的第二引出端子 62与模拟短路电阻一端连接， 第一断路器 60的第三引出端子 66和第四引出端子 67与地连接。第二断路器 65的 第一引出端子 63与双极输电线路的负极连接， 第二断路器 65 的第二 引出端子 64与模拟短路电阻的另一端连接， 第二断路器的第三引出端 子 68和第四引出端子 69与地连接。 实施例 8  8 is another embodiment of the present invention and an embodiment of bipolar flexible direct current transmission. The first extraction terminal 61 of the first circuit breaker 60 is connected to the positive pole of the bipolar transmission line, and the second extraction of the first circuit breaker 60 is performed. The terminal 62 is connected to one end of the analog short-circuit resistor, and the third lead-out terminal 66 and the fourth lead-out terminal 67 of the first circuit breaker 60 are connected to the ground. The first lead-out terminal 63 of the second circuit breaker 65 is connected to the negative pole of the bipolar power transmission line, the second lead-out terminal 64 of the second circuit breaker 65 is connected to the other end of the analog short-circuit resistor, and the third lead-out terminal 68 of the second circuit breaker And the fourth lead terminal 69 is connected to the ground. Example 8
图 9作为本发明的另一应用与双向断路工况的实施例， 初始电流 通路 73 中的电力电子模块 70 由采用相互反向的第一电力电子全控器 件串联结构 71和第二电力电子全控器件串联结构 72，可以导通两个方 向的电流， 并可阻断两个方向的故障电流； 实现双向保护功能。 实施例 9  9 is another embodiment of the present invention and an embodiment of a bidirectional disconnecting condition, in which the power electronic module 70 in the initial current path 73 is terminated by a first power electronic full control device series structure 71 and a second power electronic The control device series structure 72 can conduct current in two directions and can block fault currents in two directions; realize bidirectional protection. Example 9
图 10作为本发明的实施例 9，初始电流通路仅由电力电子模块 223 组成， 电力电子模块由多个全控型器件串联组成， 具备更快的关断速 度。 实施例 10  Figure 10 is an embodiment of the present invention. The initial current path is composed only of the power electronic module 223. The power electronic module is composed of a plurality of fully controlled devices connected in series, and has a faster turn-off speed. Example 10
图 1 1 作为本发明的实施例 10， 初始电流通路仅由电力电子模块 223组成， 电力电子模块由全控型器件串联模块 214和半控型器件串联 模块 215 组成， 全控型器件串联模块和半控型器件串联模块两端均并 联了限压器件； 所述全控型器件串联模块 214 由至少一个的全控型器 件串联组成， 如 IGBT， IGCT等； 半控型器件串联模块 215 由至少一 个的半控型器件串联组成， 如晶闸管等。 当系统出现短路故障时， 半 控型器件串联模块 215与全控型器件串联模块 215同时收到关断信号， 全控型器件串联模块 215 直接关断， 流经初始电流通路上的电流被瞬 间阻断， 半控型器件串联模块 215电流过零自然关断。 实施例 1 1 Figure 1 1 As an embodiment 10 of the present invention, the initial current path is composed only of the power electronic module 223, and the power electronic module is connected in series by the fully controlled device series module 214 and the semi-controlled device. The module 215 is composed of a full-control device series module and a semi-controlled device series module with voltage limiting devices connected in parallel at both ends; the full-control device series module 214 is composed of at least one fully-controlled device connected in series, such as IGBT, IGCT The semi-controlled device series module 215 is composed of at least one semi-controlled device connected in series, such as a thyristor or the like. When the system has a short-circuit fault, the semi-controlled device series module 215 and the full-control device series module 215 receive the shutdown signal at the same time, and the full-control device series module 215 is directly turned off, and the current flowing through the initial current path is instantaneously Blocking, half-controlled device series module 215 current zero-crossing naturally shuts down. Example 1 1
图 12作为本发明的实施例 1 1， 初始电流通路仅由电力电子模块 Figure 12 is an embodiment of the present invention. 1. The initial current path is only by the power electronics module.
223组成， 电力电子模块由全控型器件反向串联模块 216和半控型器件 反并联模块 216组成， 半控型器件反并联模块 216 由至少一个的反并 联晶闸管串联组成。 所述直流断路器具备双向故障电流阻断能力。 实施例 12 In the composition of 223, the power electronic module is composed of a full-controlled device reverse series module 216 and a semi-controlled device anti-parallel module 216, and the semi-controlled device anti-parallel module 216 is composed of at least one anti-parallel thyristor connected in series. The DC circuit breaker has a bidirectional fault current blocking capability. Example 12
图 13作为本发明的实施例 12， 初始电流通路 23由第一开关单元 323， 初始电流通路第一电容开关组合电路 133， 初始电流通路第二电 容开关组合电路 233组成。第一电容开关组合电路 133由开关单元 123， 电容单元 317， 预充电电阻 150， 预充电电阻旁路开关 149组成， 预充 电旁路开关的一端与开关单元 123 的一端连接作为第一电容开关组合 电路的第一引出端子与初始电流通路开关单元 323 的一端连接， 预充 电旁路开关的另一端与第一电容开关组合电路电容 317 的一端连接， 第一电容开关组合电路电容 317 的另一端与地连接。 预充电电阻并联 在预充电电阻旁路开关的两端， 第一电容开关组合电路 133 开关模块 123的另一端与第二电容开关组合电路 233的第一引出端子连接。 第二电容开关组合电路 233由开关单元 223， 电容单元 417， 预充 电电阻 250， 预充电电阻旁路开关 249， 预充电旁路开关 249的一端与 开关模块 223 的一端连接作为第二电容开关组合电路的第一引出端子 与第二电容开关组合电路的一端连接， 预充电旁路开关的另一端与第 二电容开关组合电路电容 417 的一端连接， 第二电容开关组合电路电 容 417 的另一端与地连接。 预充电电阻并联在预充电电阻旁路开关的 两端， 第二电容开关组合电路 233开关模块 223 的另一端与第二组合 电路的第一引出端子连接。 在直流输电系统正常运行时， 初始电流通路第一开关单元 323， 第一电容开关组合电路开关单元 123，第二电容开关组合电路开关单元 223均处于闭合状态， 当检测到直流输电线路短路故障时， 初始电流通 路第一开关单元 323 断开， 然后第一电容开关组合电流开关单元 123 断开， 然后第二电容开关组合电路开关单元 223断开。 近变流站 24的 电流流经第一组合回路电感对第一组合回路电容充电， 第一组合回路 电容电压上升并最终抑制短路电流使其逐渐衰减至零。 短路点电流流 经第二组合回路电容， 第二组合回路电感、 输电线路、 短路点 25形成 回路， 并最终震荡衰减至零。 在以上的实施例 1-12中， 针对本发明的基础电路（如图 1所示）， 分别进行了电路模块或元件的增加或替换。 本领域技术人员应理解， 上述的实施例只是说明性的， 而不具有限制性。 也就是说， 本发明的 范围不是由上述实施例所限定， 而应由权利要求书所限定。 具体地说， 例如， 上述的实施例中所涉及的电路模块或元件的增加或替换方案是 可以组合的。 而且， 尽管有的实施例可能包含了多个电路模块或元件 的增加或替换， 但除非在实施例中特别说明这多个电路模块或元件的 增加或替换需要同时进行， 否则， 仅对这多个电路模块或元件中的一 个或几个进行增加或替换的技术方案也在本发明所要求保护的范围 内。 As an embodiment 12 of the present invention, the initial current path 23 is composed of a first switching unit 323, an initial current path first capacitance switch combining circuit 133, and an initial current path second capacitance switch combining circuit 233. The first capacitive switch combination circuit 133 is composed of a switch unit 123, a capacitor unit 317, a pre-charge resistor 150, and a pre-charge resistor bypass switch 149. One end of the pre-charge bypass switch is connected to one end of the switch unit 123 as a first capacitor switch combination. The first lead terminal of the circuit is connected to one end of the initial current path switch unit 323, and the other end of the precharge bypass switch is connected to one end of the first capacitor switch combination circuit capacitor 317, and the other end of the first capacitor switch combination circuit capacitor 317 is Ground connection. The precharge resistor is connected in parallel at both ends of the precharge resistor bypass switch, and the other end of the first capacitor switch combination circuit 133 switch module 123 is connected to the first terminal of the second capacitor switch combination circuit 233. The second capacitive switch combination circuit 233 is composed of a switch unit 223, a capacitor unit 417, a pre-charge resistor 250, a pre-charge resistor bypass switch 249, and one end of the pre-charge bypass switch 249 is connected to one end of the switch module 223 as a second capacitor switch combination. The first lead terminal of the circuit is connected to one end of the second capacitive switch combination circuit, and the other end of the precharge bypass switch One end of the two capacitance switch combination circuit capacitor 417 is connected, and the other end of the second capacitance switch combination circuit capacitor 417 is connected to the ground. The pre-charging resistor is connected in parallel at both ends of the pre-charging resistor bypass switch, and the other end of the second capacitor-switching combination circuit 233 of the switching module 223 is connected to the first lead-out terminal of the second combined circuit. When the direct current transmission system is in normal operation, the initial current path first switching unit 323, the first capacitive switch combination circuit switching unit 123, and the second capacitive switch combination circuit switching unit 223 are all in a closed state, when a short circuit fault of the direct current transmission line is detected. The initial current path first switching unit 323 is turned off, then the first capacitive switch combination current switching unit 123 is turned off, and then the second capacitive switch combining circuit switching unit 223 is turned off. The current of the near-current converter station 24 flows through the first combined loop inductor to charge the first combined loop capacitor, and the first combined loop capacitor voltage rises and eventually suppresses the short-circuit current to gradually decay to zero. The short-circuit point current flows through the second combined loop capacitor, and the second combined loop inductor, the transmission line, and the short-circuit point 25 form a loop, and finally oscillates to zero. In the above embodiments 1-12, for the basic circuit of the present invention (as shown in Fig. 1), the addition or replacement of circuit modules or components has been respectively performed. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that the above-described embodiments are illustrative only and not limiting. That is, the scope of the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, but is defined by the claims. Specifically, for example, additions or substitutions of circuit modules or elements involved in the above embodiments may be combined. Moreover, although some embodiments may include additions or substitutions of multiple circuit modules or components, unless it is specifically stated in the embodiments that the addition or replacement of the plurality of circuit modules or components needs to be performed simultaneously, only this is A technical solution in which one or more of the circuit modules or components are added or replaced is also within the scope of the present invention.

Claims

权 利 要 求 书 claims
1. 一种直流断路器， 其特征在于： 所述的直流断路器由初始电流 通路 （23) ， 第一组合回路 （21) 和第二组合回路 （22) 组成； 初始 电流通路 （23) 的第一引出端子与第一组合回路 （21) 的第二引出端 子连接， 初始电流通路 （23) 的第二引出端子与第二组合回路 （22) 的第一引出端子连接； 第一组合回路 （21) 的第一引出端子作为直流 断路器的第一引出端子与直流输电线连接， 第二组合回路 （22) 的第 二引出端子作为直流断路器的第二引出端子与直流输电线的另一端连 接。 1. A DC circuit breaker, characterized in that: the DC circuit breaker is composed of an initial current path (23), a first combined circuit (21) and a second combined circuit (22); the initial current path (23) The first lead-out terminal is connected to the second lead-out terminal of the first combined circuit (21), and the second lead-out terminal of the initial current path (23) is connected to the first lead-out terminal of the second combined circuit (22); the first combined circuit (22) The first lead-out terminal of 21) serves as the first lead-out terminal of the DC circuit breaker and is connected to the DC transmission line, and the second lead-out terminal of the second combined circuit (22) serves as the second lead-out terminal of the DC circuit breaker and is connected to the other end of the DC transmission line. connect.
2. 按照权利要求 1所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 当检测到线 路短路故障以后， 立即开始切断初始电流通路 （23) ； 在完全断开初 始电流通路 （23) 以前， 第一组合电路 （21) 和第二组合电路 （22) 使得初始电流通路 （23) 两端电位差维持在较低的水平， 并且第一组 合电路 （21) 和第二组合电路 （22) 分别为故障电流提供续流通路， 以便于初始电流通路 （23) 断开； 当初始电流通路 （23) 完全断开以 后， 故障电流分别通过第一组合电路 （21) 和第二组合电路 （22) 续 流， 并逐渐衰减、 或振荡衰减到零或由第一组合电路 （21) 和第二组 合电路 （22) 的内置开关在电流过零点分别分断。 2. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: after detecting a line short-circuit fault, it immediately starts to cut off the initial current path (23); before completely cutting off the initial current path (23), the first combination The circuit (21) and the second combination circuit (22) maintain the potential difference between the two ends of the initial current path (23) at a low level, and the first combination circuit (21) and the second combination circuit (22) are respectively fault current A freewheeling path is provided to facilitate the disconnection of the initial current path (23); when the initial current path (23) is completely disconnected, the fault current freewheels through the first combination circuit (21) and the second combination circuit (22) respectively. And gradually attenuate, or the oscillation attenuates to zero, or the built-in switches of the first combination circuit (21) and the second combination circuit (22) are respectively disconnected at the current zero crossing point.
3. 按照权利要求 1所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 所述的初始 电流通路 （23) 包括电力电子模块 （13) 和机械开关模块 （12) ； 所 述的第一组合回路包括电感（11) 、 电容（16)和内置机械开关（61)， 所述的第二组合回路包括电感 （14) 、 电容 （17) 及其充电电路， 所 述的充电电路由内置开关 （49) 及电阻 （50) 组成； 所述的第二组合 回路充电电路的内置开关 （49) 由机械开关模块或者电力电子开关模 块组成； 所述的初始电流通路中的机械开关模块 （12) 包括至少一个 机械开关串联组件， 所述的初始电流通路中的电力电子模块 （13) 包 括至少一个的电力电子全控器件串联组件； 机械开关模块 （12) 的一 端与电力电子模块 （13) 的一端连接， 机械开关模块 （12) 的另一端 作为初始电流通路的第一引出端子； 电力电子模块的另一端作为初始 电流通路的第二引出端子， 和第二组合回路 （22) 的第一引出端子连 接； 所述的第一组合回路电感 （11) 一端作为第一组合回路的第一引 出端子 （1) 和直流输电线连接； 所述的第一组合回路电感 （11) 的另 一端与第一组合回路内置机械开关 （61) 的一端连接， 内置机械开关 (61) 的另一端与电容 （16) 的一端连接， 作为第一组合回路 （21) 的第二引出端子 （2) ， 和初始电流通路 （23) 的第一引出端子连接； 第一组合回路电容 （16) 的另一端作为第一组合回路的第三引出端子 (8) 直接接地或连接中性线； 所述的第二组合回路电容预充电电路的 内置开关 （49) 的一端与第二组合回路电容预充电电路电阻 （50) 的 一端连接作为第二组合回路电容预充电电路的第一引出端子 （101) ， 第二组合回路电容预充电电路的内置开关 （49) 的另一端与第二组合 回路电容预充电电路电阻 （50) 的另一端作为第二组合回路电容预充 电电路的第二引出端子 （102) ， 第二组合回路电感 （14) 的一端与第 二组合回路电容预充电电路第一引出端子 （101) 连接， 作为第二组合 回路 （22) 的第一引出端子 （3) ， 所述第二组合回路电容预充电电路 的第二引出端子 （102) 与电容 （17) 的一端连接， 第二组合回路电感 (14) 的另一端作为第二组合回路 （22) 的第二引出端子； 第二组合 回路电容（17) 的另一端作为第二组合回路（22) 的第三引出端子（7) 直接接地或连接中性线； 初始电流通路 （23) 的第一引出端子与第一 组合回路 （21) 的第二引出端子 （2) 连接， 初始电流通路 （23) 的第 二引出端子与第二组合回路 （22) 的第一引出端子 （3) 连接。 3. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: the initial current path (23) includes a power electronic module (13) and a mechanical switch module (12); the first combined circuit includes an inductor (11), capacitor (16) and built-in mechanical switch (61). The second combined circuit includes an inductor (14), capacitor (17) and its charging circuit. The charging circuit consists of a built-in switch (49) and The built-in switch (49) of the second combined loop charging circuit is composed of a mechanical switch module or a power electronic switch module; the mechanical switch module (12) in the initial current path includes at least one mechanical Switch series component, the power electronic module (13) in the initial current path includes at least one power electronic full control device series component; one of the mechanical switch module (12) The other end of the mechanical switch module (12) serves as the first lead-out terminal of the initial current path; the other end of the power electronic module serves as the second lead-out terminal of the initial current path, and the second The first lead-out terminal of the combined circuit (22) is connected; one end of the first combined circuit inductor (11) serves as the first lead-out terminal (1) of the first combined circuit and is connected to the DC transmission line; the first combined circuit The other end of the inductor (11) is connected to one end of the built-in mechanical switch (61) of the first combined circuit, and the other end of the built-in mechanical switch (61) is connected to one end of the capacitor (16) as the third end of the first combined circuit (21). The second lead-out terminal (2) is connected to the first lead-out terminal of the initial current path (23); the other end of the first combined circuit capacitor (16) serves as the third lead-out terminal (8) of the first combined circuit and is directly grounded or connected linear line; one end of the built-in switch (49) of the second combined loop capacitor precharge circuit is connected to one end of the second combined loop capacitor precharge circuit resistor (50) as the first end of the second combined loop capacitor precharge circuit. The lead-out terminal (101), the other end of the built-in switch (49) of the second combined loop capacitor precharge circuit and the other end of the second combined loop capacitor precharge circuit resistor (50) serve as the second combined loop capacitor precharge circuit. Two lead-out terminals (102), one end of the second combined circuit inductor (14) is connected to the first lead-out terminal (101) of the second combined circuit capacitor precharge circuit, serving as the first lead-out terminal (3) of the second combined circuit (22) ), the second lead-out terminal (102) of the second combined loop capacitor precharge circuit is connected to one end of the capacitor (17), and the other end of the second combined loop inductor (14) serves as the second combined loop (22). Two lead-out terminals; the other end of the second combined circuit capacitor (17) serves as the third lead-out terminal (7) of the second combined circuit (22) and is directly grounded or connected to the neutral wire; the first lead-out terminal of the initial current path (23) It is connected with the second lead-out terminal (2) of the first combined circuit (21), and the second lead-out terminal of the initial current path (23) is connected with the first lead-out terminal (3) of the second combined circuit (22).
4. 按照权利要求 3所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 在直流输电 线路无故障时， 所述的初始电流通路的机械开关模块 （12) 和电力电 子模块 （13) 均处于闭合状态， 当检测到第二组合回路电感 （14) 或 第一组合回路电感 （11) 上流过的电流超过限定值时， 电力电子模块 (13) 首先断开， 然后机械开关模块 （12) 迅速断开； 之后使内置开 关 （61) 和内置开关 （49) 分别在第一组合回路和第二组合回路的电 流过零点时候断开回路， 从而实现对整个故障线路的分断。 4. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: when there is no fault in the DC transmission line, the mechanical switch module (12) and the power electronic module (13) of the initial current path are both in a closed state, When it is detected that the current flowing through the second combined loop inductor (14) or the first combined loop inductor (11) exceeds the limit value, the power electronic module (13) is first disconnected, and then the mechanical switch module (12) is quickly disconnected; Then, the built-in switch (61) and the built-in switch (49) are connected to the circuits of the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit respectively. When the flow crosses the zero point, the circuit is disconnected, thereby disconnecting the entire faulty line.
5. 按照权利要求 3所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 在直流输电 线路无故障时， 所述的初始电流通路的机械开关模块 （12) 和电力电 子模块 （13) 均处于闭合状态， 当检测到第二组合回路电感 （14) 或 第一组合回路电感 （11) 上流过的电流超过限定值时， 机械开关模块 (12) 先开始断开， 然后电力电子模块 （13) 断开； 之后使内置开关 (61) 和内置开关 （49) 分别在第一组合回路和第二组合回路的电流 过零点时候断开回路， 从而实现对整个故障线路的分断。 5. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: when there is no fault in the DC transmission line, the mechanical switch module (12) and the power electronic module (13) of the initial current path are both in a closed state, When it is detected that the current flowing in the second combined loop inductor (14) or the first combined loop inductor (11) exceeds the limit value, the mechanical switch module (12) first starts to disconnect, and then the power electronic module (13) disconnects; Then, the built-in switch (61) and the built-in switch (49) are made to open the circuit when the current of the first combined circuit and the second combined circuit crosses the zero point respectively, thereby realizing the disconnection of the entire fault line.
6. 按照权利要求 3所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 在初始电流 通路 （23) 两端并联电容 （53) 。 6. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: a capacitor (53) is connected in parallel at both ends of the initial current path (23).
7. 按照权利要求 3所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 在第二组合 回路的第一引出端子 （3) 与第二组合回路电容的一端 （32) 之间串接 电容预充电电路的同时， 在第一组合回路的第二引出端子 （2) 与第一 组合回路电容的一端 （33) 之间也串接电容预充电电路。 7. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: a capacitor precharge circuit is connected in series between the first lead-out terminal (3) of the second combined circuit and one end (32) of the second combined circuit capacitor. At the same time, a capacitor precharge circuit is also connected in series between the second lead-out terminal (2) of the first combined circuit and one end (33) of the first combined circuit capacitor.
8. 按照权利要求 3所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 在第一组合 回路电容两端和第二组合回路电容两端并联限压器； 或在初始电流通 路 （23) 的两端并联限压器。 8. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: a voltage limiter is connected in parallel at both ends of the first combined circuit capacitor and the second combined circuit capacitor; or a voltage limiter is connected in parallel at both ends of the initial current path (23) Pressure limiter.
9. 按照权利要求 3所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 所述的第一 组合回路仅包括电容 （16) 和内置机械开关 （61) ， 用直流输电线代 替第一组合回路电感 （11) 。 9. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first combined circuit only includes a capacitor (16) and a built-in mechanical switch (61), and a DC transmission line is used instead of the first combined circuit inductor (11) ).
10. 按照权利要求 3 所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 所述的初 始电流通路仅包括机械开关模块 （12) ， 用输电线代替初始电流通路 电力电子模块 （13) 。 10. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: the initial current path only includes a mechanical switch module (12), and the initial current path power electronic module (13) is replaced by a transmission line.
11. 按照权利要求 3 所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 所述的第 一组合回路仅包括内置机械开关 （61 ) ， 用直流输电线代替第一组合 回路电感 （11 ) 。 11. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: the first combined circuit only includes a built-in mechanical switch (61), and a DC transmission line is used to replace the first combined circuit inductor (11).
12. 按照权利要求 3 所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 所述的初 始电流通路仅包括电力电子模块 （13 ) ， 用输电线代替初始电流通路 机械开关模块 （12) 。 12. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 3, characterized in that: the initial current path only includes the power electronic module (13), and the initial current path mechanical switch module (12) is replaced by a transmission line.
13. 按照权利要求 1 所述的直流断路器， 其特征在于： 在双极性 输电线路中， 所述的直流断路器以中性线或接地点为参考点对称安装。 13. The DC circuit breaker according to claim 1, characterized in that: in a bipolar transmission line, the DC circuit breaker is installed symmetrically with the neutral line or the ground point as a reference point.
PCT/CN2014/070205 2013-12-04 2014-01-07 Direct-current circuit breaker WO2015081615A1 (en)

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