CN102064549A - Switching method and switching switch circuit of AC capacitor - Google Patents

Switching method and switching switch circuit of AC capacitor Download PDF

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Publication number
CN102064549A
CN102064549A CN2010101992932A CN201010199293A CN102064549A CN 102064549 A CN102064549 A CN 102064549A CN 2010101992932 A CN2010101992932 A CN 2010101992932A CN 201010199293 A CN201010199293 A CN 201010199293A CN 102064549 A CN102064549 A CN 102064549A
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capacitor
switching
relay
diode
contact
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CN102064549B (en
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王海
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China Resources International Science And Technology (beijing) Ltd By Share Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/30Reactive power compensation
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E40/00Technologies for an efficient electrical power generation, transmission or distribution
    • Y02E40/40Arrangements for reducing harmonics

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Abstract

The invention provides a switching method and a switching switch circuit of an AC capacitor. A relay contact protection circuit is formed by the serial connection of a diode and a resistor and connected in parallel with both ends of a relay contact; the relay contact is switched on or off during a conducting period of the diode; surge current does not exist and contact ignition is not generated when the relay contact acts; withstand voltages borne by a switching switch when the switching switch is switched off correspond to that of a relay switching switch, so that the mis-conduction phenomena of an electronic switch can not be discovered, and switching speed corresponds to that of controlled silicon. The invention has the advantages of simple circuit, reliable work, low cost and high switching speed.

Description

AC capacitor operation/cutting method and fling-cut switch circuit
Technical field
Patent application of the present invention relates to a kind of AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit, belongs to the electric switch field.
Background technology
AC capacitor is widely used in power factor of electric network compensation and electrical network filtering, will be connected with electrical network at any time according to the actual needs of electrical network or disconnect when AC capacitor is used in electrical network, i.e. the switching of so-called AC capacitor.At present commonly used have several schemes such as MSC (contactor, circuit breaker) switching, TSC (controllable silicon) switching and combination switch (controllable silicon and contactor paralleling switch) switching.The shortcoming of MSC switching is might produce huge surge current the moment of capacitor and electrical network connection can produce impact and life of capacitors is produced adverse influence electrical network, the way of surge current is to use the electronic switch switching when solving the AC capacitor switching at present, allow electronic switch " operating passing zero ", promptly allow electronic switch put conducting in no-voltage, but in fact because controllable silicon has the conducting dead angle, can not be in the conducting of the silicon controlled of no-voltage point realization completely, and this switching mode requires to trigger accurately and the high cost that will increase circuits for triggering of reliability, on the characteristic of the anti-surge current of silicon controlled, controllable silicon is unsuitable for doing the switch of capacitive load in addition; Though to be cost height, self-heating amount big and can increase the harmonic current of electrical network for the shortcoming of TSC switching, it is still the preferably selection of surge current in the time of can solving capacitor switching.The combination switch switching is a kind of scheme of switching circuit that combines the advantage of TSC switching and MSC switching, has the advantage that cost is low, switching moment surge current is little.The combination switch switching is to use controllable silicon as the transition electronic switch, but the phenomenon that controllable silicon can mislead when the dv/dt of anode voltage is very high will be burnt controllable silicon in case mislead.Be to adopt the capacitance-resistance absorption circuit to reduce dv/dt during general controllable silicon uses, thereby reduce the possibility that controllable silicon misleads, and can not adopt the method for series connection resistance-capacitance circuit to reduce dv/dt in the occasion of controllable silicon switching AC capacitor, because series resistance will increase the loss of fling-cut switch.So it is that TSC switching and combination switch switching scheme one is difficult to overcome a difficult problem that silicon controlled misleads, the TSC switching is that surge current burns the silicon controlled problem when selecting for use big controlled current silicon solution controllable silicon to mislead, but combination switch generally all is to use the less controllable silicon of rated current, because use the big controllable silicon of rated current will lose the low advantage of combination switch cost, and silicon controlled to mislead be the one of the main reasons that causes combination switch to lose efficacy.Mislead in order to reduce silicon controlled in the combination switch scheme, generally all select the higher controllable silicon of dv/dt value, but this has just reduced the probability that controllable silicon misleads, and can't tackle the problem at its root.In addition, the mislead surge current that produces of silicon controlled also has very big influence to the life-span and the electrical network of AC capacitor.
In sum, as seen except requiring occasion frequent, switching fast need use TSC switching scheme, general use occasion TSC switching compares not account for what advantage with the combination switch switching with the contactor switching, so in actual use, and a large amount of at present still contactor switchings that use.
Summary of the invention
The present invention proposes a kind of AC capacitor operation/cutting method and fling-cut switch circuit, avoided the shortcoming of MSC switching, TSC switching and combination switch switching, there are not surge current and contact sparking in the moment of fling-cut switch closed and disconnected, it is withstand voltage suitable with the contactor fling-cut switch that switch bears when disconnecting, and switching speed is suitable with the TSC switching.Have the reliability height, circuit is simple, with low cost and the fireballing characteristics of switching.
For achieving the above object, the present invention proposes following technology side's solution case: AC capacitor before switching by being connected on diode pair capacitor DC charging between electrical network and the AC capacitor near the peak value of line voltage, earlier capacitor is discharged during the AC capacitor switching, when the voltage on the capacitor is put into a little less than line voltage, be connected on the automatic conducting of diode meeting between capacitor and the electrical network, be connected in parallel on the diode two ends during the diode current flow and be connected on capacitor and electrical network between relay mechanical contact closure, promptly finish the switching process of AC capacitor.
The fling-cut switch circuit of realizing AC capacitor operation/cutting method of the present invention is made up of relay contact protection circuit, AC capacitor discharge loop, relay and single chip control module and is it is characterized in that: relay contact protection circuit is composed in series by diode and resistance, is connected in parallel on the relay contact two ends; The AC capacitor discharge loop is composed in series by controllable silicon and resistance, is connected in parallel on by the AC capacitor two ends of switching; The contact of relay with by the AC capacitor series connection of switching at the electrical network two ends; Single chip control module provides the control signal of AC capacitor discharge loop and relay.
The relay contact protection circuit of AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention can be the series connection of diode, resistance and electronic switch.Electronic switch can be one-way SCR, bidirectional triode thyristor, power MOS pipe, IGBT, high-voltage power triode etc.
The AC capacitor discharge loop of AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention can be the series connection of diode, resistance, inductance and electronic switch, electronic switch can be one-way SCR, bidirectional triode thyristor, power MOS pipe, IGBT, high-voltage power triode etc.
AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention has switching speed piece, the advantage of no surge current and non-relay contact sparking in the switching process, the switching speed of switch is identical with the TSC switching mode, almost do not have the loss of switch contact during the fling-cut switch operate as normal, prolong the life-span of switch contact greatly.The situation that switch misleads can not take place in the switch off period, prevented capacitor owing to moment huge charging current reduce life-span or damage.AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit structure of the present invention is simple, cost is low and reliability is high.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1, AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit diagram 1 of the present invention;
Fig. 2, AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit diagram 2 of the present invention;
Fig. 3, AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit diagram 3 of the present invention;
Fig. 4, AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit diagram 4 of the present invention.
Specific embodiment
A kind of AC capacitor operation/cutting method disclosed by the invention is: charge by the diode pair capacitor that is connected between capacitor and the electrical network earlier before AC capacitor wants switching to insert electrical network, when the voltage charging behind the several ac periods of process on the capacitor arrived near the peak value of line voltage, capacitor was finished switching and is prepared.At first to the capacitor discharge, when the voltage on the capacitor is reduced to a little less than line voltage, be connected on the automatic conducting of diode between capacitor and the electrical network when switching begins, diode can automatically shut down when line voltage reaches peak value.During diode current flow, control is connected in parallel on the relay mechanical contact at diode two ends and finishes closure, and diode has promptly been finished the switching process of AC capacitor access electrical network by short circuit after the mechanical contact closure.
The what is called " operating passing zero " of AC capacitor operation/cutting method of the present invention and prior art is essentially different: the operating passing zero of prior art is to allow the conducting of controllable silicon small change electrical voltage point, and operation/cutting method of the present invention is to allow the automatic conducting of diode in the discharge process of capacitor.The control circuit that operating passing zero needs more complicated is put conducting to guarantee controllable silicon in no-voltage, and AC capacitor operation/cutting method of the present invention allows the error of Millisecond for the control of discharge time, and the circuit that this error is general can easily be realized.The switching process of capacitor can be regarded as fling-cut switch with capacitor as in the load incoming transport electrical network, when having only the voltage that bears when the moment contact of switch conduction or electric current to be zero, the power consumption that switch contact bears is only minimum, the contact of mechanical switch can not be accurately in the conducting of zero-power point, and the mechanical contact turn on process is the shake that is accompanied by the contact, and mechanical contact is difficult to realize the zero-power conducting.TSC switching and combination switch switching all are that to bear voltage at controllable silicon anode and negative electrode be to trigger the controllable silicon conducting zero point to realize " zero-power " switching.Zero crossing triggers controllable silicon relatively still than what be easier to realize, and the variation owing to silicon controlled conducting dead angle and corresponding time parameter is difficult to realize so control the conducting of silicon control zero-cross point accurately.And the conducting of diode only needs anode voltage to be higher than condition of cathode voltage, does not need to trigger, so the condition of diode current flow has been howed than controllable silicon is simple, the speed of conducting is also fast than controllable silicon, and the cost of control circuit is also very low.
Fig. 1 is an AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit diagram of the present invention.AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention is made up of four parts: 1. relay contact protection circuit: be connected in parallel on the diode D at relay contact K two ends and the series circuit of resistance R 1; 2. AC capacitor discharge loop: be connected in parallel on by the controllable silicon CR at switching AC capacitor C two ends and the series circuit of resistance R 2; 3. relay: the contact K of relay J 1 is connected on by between switched capacitor and the electrical network, and the action of relay is controlled by single chip control module; 4. single chip control module: whether control AC capacitor discharge loop works and the adhesive or the disconnection of relay.The course of work of AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention is as follows, fling-cut switch circuit and AC capacitor C are with after electrical network is connected, AC capacitor C is charged to the peak value of line voltage by diode D and resistance R 1, can parallel resistance or piezo-resistance R3 by the two ends of switching AC capacitor, prevent from also to can be used as the capacitor discharge resistance simultaneously because the electric charge on the capacitor excessively accumulates the overvoltage damage that causes capacitor.The fling-cut switch circuit is when work; single chip control module is at first controlled controllable silicon CR conducting before line voltage reaches peak value of discharge loop; AC capacitor will be by the discharge loop discharge of controllable silicon CR and resistance R 2; when the voltage on the AC capacitor drops to when more lower slightly than line voltage instantaneous value; diode D is with automatic conducting; single chip control module is contact K1 closure after diode D conducting of control relay J1 simultaneously; during the closure of relay contact K1 because diode current flow; so the voltage that contact K1 bears is the conducting voltage 0.7V of diode; and the electric current by AC capacitor C is also very little near the peak value of voltage; so the power consumption that the contact K1 of relay J 1 bore in the moment of closure is very little, diode has played the effect of relay contact protection.After the contact K1 closure of relay J 1, with diode D and resistance R 1 short circuit, finish the access electrical network process of AC capacitor, even can not strike sparks in the contact K1 of this access procedure repeat circuit J1 shake yet, the moment diode D that disconnects in contact chatter is with conducting at any time, and 0.7V voltage is only born in the contact.AC capacitor is fairly simple from the process that electrical network moves back throwing, as long as what diode bore when be selected in contact K1 disconnection the operate time of the contact K1 of single chip control module control relay J1 is forward (conducting) voltage, the contact K1 of relay J 1 disconnects back diode D and just automatically shuts down time voltage peak, finished the disconnection process of AC capacitor from the electrical network naturally.The cut-off point of relay contact K1 is selected in the peak point near voltage, and the power consumption of bearing when the contact disconnects is just littler.Capacitor moves back the voltage of throwing on the capacitor of back and still is the peak value of line voltage, capacitor needs charging when need not to insert electrical network for the first time as the capacitor group, capacitor can be at any time again switching enter electrical network, need not to wait for capacitor discharge ability switching later on, the speed of switching is suitable with the TSC switching, needs the occasion of quick switching can substitute the TSC switching fully at some like this.
AC capacitor is in the moment of inserting electrical network, and the charging surge current of capacitor is crossed senior general the load of electrical network is exerted an adverse impact.The effect of resistance R 1 is in order to limit the surge current of fling-cut switch AC capacitor when inserting electrical network, surge current when the big more switching circuit of current-limiting resistance R1 and AC capacitor insert electrical network is just more little, but the big more relay contact K1 of R1 is closed or the power consumption of bearing when disconnecting is just big more.Choosing of R1 can be between 0 to 100 Ω, and the big I of R1 is decided according to the ability of the anti-surge current of diode and the anti-surge current of relay contact K1.
The effect of resistance R 2 is to discharge to capacitor C, the resistance R 2 resistances velocity of discharge of small capacitor C more are just fast more, diode D just has longer ON time, this will be to the closing time of relay contact K1 with bigger tolerance, because the contact K1 of relay must finish closing course when diode current flow, and relay contact closure (comprising the shake of contact) be need certain hour and certain error is arranged, be very necessary so allow diode that longer ON time can be arranged.The ON time of diode is no more than 10 milliseconds theoretically, but consider power and the volume of R1, it is too little that the resistance of R2 should not be selected, the ON time of actual diode is no more than 5 milliseconds, this proposes to compare higher requirement to the relay of selecting for use, action stabilization time of general relay contact, the relay that cooperates AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention to use needed special improvement, does not describe in detail in present patent application greater than this time.
Resistance R 1 is too for a short time not to have limit inrush currents and R1 bears very much the bigger problem of power during big relay contact closure in order to solve, the power MOS pipe of can in the loop of diode D and resistance R 1, can connecting, as shown in Figure 2.The effect of power MOS pipe T1 is: the fling-cut switch circuit is the charging current by the ON time control AC capacitor of control metal-oxide-semiconductor in the moment of inserting electrical network, and in the K1 closed and disconnected process of the contact of relay J 1, allow metal-oxide-semiconductor T1 conducting always to guarantee that diode D also is conducting always, the Continuity signal of metal-oxide-semiconductor T1 is provided by single chip control module.Also can use electronic switches such as controllable silicon, IGBT or high-voltage three-pole pipe to substitute power MOS pipe; so this relay contact protection circuit can be diode, resistance and electronic switch series connection; electronic switch can be controllable silicon, power MOS pipe, IGBT, high-voltage power triode etc.
What the controllable silicon CR in the discharge loop that controllable silicon CR and R2 form played is the effect of discharge switch, and controllable silicon can be substituted as shown in Figure 2 by power MOS pipe T2, and controllable silicon also can replace with high-voltage three-pole pipe or IGBT.Can also connect in the discharge loop in addition adds inductance coil L, to reduce the possibility that controllable silicon misleads.So this discharge loop can be the series connection of diode, resistance, inductance and electronic switch, electronic switch can be one-way SCR, bidirectional triode thyristor, power MOS pipe, IGBT, high-voltage power triode etc.If not the occasion that needs frequent switching, after capacitor moves back throwing, can the residual voltage on the capacitor thoroughly be bled off by T2 and R2, after capacitor needs by D, T1 and R1 capacitor to be charged before the switching once more again, is charged to the line voltage peak value, begin the switching process again.。
Relay in the AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention can be conventional DC electromagnetic relay, magnetic latching relay, also can be the mechanical self-latching relay.Use the circuit power consumption after magnetic latching relay or mechanical self-latching relay can reduce relay contact closure.The relay that cooperates AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention to use should be able to satisfy the short and stable requirement of contact time of contact chatter time.
Bear power bigger problem during relay contact closure in order to solve the R1 value when big, also can be connected in parallel on the way at current-limiting resistance R1 two ends with relay contact, as shown in Figure 3.Relay J 2 is by single chip control module control, charges when doing the switching preparation when AC capacitor is connected with electrical network, and the contact K2 of relay J 2 is not closed, and current-limiting resistance R2 is the charging current of limiting capacitance device to greatest extent.Capacitor is charged to the peak value of line voltage behind several ac periods, the contact of relay J 2 can be closed always, with current-limiting resistance R2 short circuit, it is directly in parallel with the contact K1 of relay J 1 to be equivalent to diode D, can reduce the load of contact when the K1 closed and disconnected of contact to greatest extent.The value of current-limiting resistance R1 can reach more than the 1K Ω in the present embodiment, charging current can reduce greatly when fling-cut switch and capacitor inserted electrical network, when a plurality of capacitors inserted electrical network, the charging surge current can be ignored to the influence of bus-tie circuit breaker and electrical network.The two ends that the contact that substitutes relay J 2 with electronic switches such as metal-oxide-semiconductor, controllable silicons is connected in parallel on current-limiting resistance R1 can reach the effect of short circuit current limitation resistance equally, because relay has that cost is low, reliability is high and conveyance capacity is strong, than other scheme remarkable advantages is arranged with relay short circuit current limitation resistance R 1.
Fig. 4 adds that by the switching circuit unit that diode D, bidirectional triode thyristor BCR, current-limiting resistance short-circuit relay J2 and main relay J1 are the AC capacitor fling-cut switch of the present invention formed of critical piece single chip control module is exactly complete AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit.The coil of relay J 1 plays the double action that makes the relay adhesive and discharge to capacitor when the controllable silicon conducting.AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit volume of the present invention is very little, does not have heater element, and whole switch can be fitted together with AC capacitor, makes the AC capacitor that has fling-cut switch, and is easy to install and use greatly.
AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention also can be applicable to the switching of the above high-voltage alternating capacitor of thousands of volts; the series connection that only needs the diode D in the contact protection circuit to be changed into several diodes gets final product; even ten diode series connection; the voltage that bear the contact when the closing of contact also only is 7V; AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention can cooperate vacuum contactor to use; the protection of contact protection circuit when working, vacuum contactor is arranged; can alleviate contacting greatly and the load when disconnecting, thereby prolong the useful life of vacuum contactor greatly.
The above is preferred embodiment of the present invention only, is not to be used to limit protection scope of the present invention.
AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention is that discharge process by discharge loop is by the automatic conducting of diode; and during diode current flow, finish the closed and disconnected process of relay contact; diode has played the effect of protection mechanical contact in the process of the closing of contact and disconnection, thereby has circuit characteristics ingenious, simple and that control easily.Because AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit of the present invention do not use controllable silicon as electronic switch, thereby avoided the AC capacitor that causes because huge the shove controllable silicon that causes and the damage of capacitor of moment because controllable silicon misleads.And in the switching process, do not produce surge current in the process of diode current flow yet, this point be in combination switch or the TSC switching scheme during controllable silicon conducting do not accomplish.

Claims (4)

1. AC capacitor operation/cutting method, it is characterized in that: AC capacitor before switching by being connected on diode pair capacitor DC charging between electrical network and the AC capacitor near the peak value of line voltage, earlier capacitor is discharged during the AC capacitor switching, when the voltage on the capacitor is put into a little less than line voltage, be connected on the automatic conducting of diode meeting between capacitor and the electrical network, be connected in parallel on the diode two ends during the diode current flow and be connected on capacitor and electrical network between relay mechanical contact closure, promptly finish the switching process of AC capacitor.
2. an AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit is made up of relay contact protection circuit, AC capacitor discharge loop, relay and single chip control module and is it is characterized in that: relay contact protection circuit is composed in series by diode and resistance, is connected in parallel on the relay contact two ends; The AC capacitor discharge loop is composed in series by controllable silicon and resistance, is connected in parallel on by the AC capacitor two ends of switching; The contact of relay with by the AC capacitor series connection of switching at the electrical network two ends; Single chip control module provides the control signal of AC capacitor discharge loop and relay.
3. AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit as claimed in claim 2 is characterized in that relay contact protection circuit can be the series connection of diode, resistance and electronic switch.Electronic switch can be one-way SCR, bidirectional triode thyristor, power MOS pipe, IGBT, high-voltage power triode etc.
4. AC capacitor fling-cut switch circuit as claimed in claim 2, it is characterized in that the AC capacitor discharge loop can be the series connection of diode, resistance, inductance and electronic switch, electronic switch can be one-way SCR, bidirectional triode thyristor, power MOS pipe, IGBT, high-voltage power triode etc.
CN201010199293.2A 2009-11-11 2010-06-12 AC capacitor operation/cutting method and fling-cut switch circuit Expired - Fee Related CN102064549B (en)

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CN200920179929 2009-11-11
CN200920179929X 2009-11-11
CN201010199293.2A CN102064549B (en) 2009-11-11 2010-06-12 AC capacitor operation/cutting method and fling-cut switch circuit

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CN102420431A (en) * 2011-11-28 2012-04-18 吉林市龙华电力技术有限公司 Low-voltage phase control switch for mechanically switching capacitor
CN104300955A (en) * 2014-10-15 2015-01-21 南京诺联配电科技有限公司 Switching circuit used for switching capacitor and switching control method
CN111711202A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-09-25 合肥众甫工业技术有限公司 Reactive compensation capacitor switching device based on three-phase four-wire system power grid
CN114024323A (en) * 2021-10-29 2022-02-08 株洲中车时代半导体有限公司 Auxiliary power supply circuit of switching control device and electronic device switching circuit

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102420431A (en) * 2011-11-28 2012-04-18 吉林市龙华电力技术有限公司 Low-voltage phase control switch for mechanically switching capacitor
CN104300955A (en) * 2014-10-15 2015-01-21 南京诺联配电科技有限公司 Switching circuit used for switching capacitor and switching control method
CN111711202A (en) * 2020-06-30 2020-09-25 合肥众甫工业技术有限公司 Reactive compensation capacitor switching device based on three-phase four-wire system power grid
CN114024323A (en) * 2021-10-29 2022-02-08 株洲中车时代半导体有限公司 Auxiliary power supply circuit of switching control device and electronic device switching circuit

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