CN108649527B - A kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker - Google Patents
A kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker Download PDFInfo
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- CN108649527B CN108649527B CN201810533424.2A CN201810533424A CN108649527B CN 108649527 B CN108649527 B CN 108649527B CN 201810533424 A CN201810533424 A CN 201810533424A CN 108649527 B CN108649527 B CN 108649527B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H3/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection
- H02H3/08—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current
- H02H3/087—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for automatic disconnection directly responsive to an undesired change from normal electric working condition with or without subsequent reconnection ; integrated protection responsive to excess current for dc applications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02H—EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS
- H02H9/00—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection
- H02H9/02—Emergency protective circuit arrangements for limiting excess current or voltage without disconnection responsive to excess current
Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breakers, including commutation synchronization generator or DC bus (1), high speed repulsion mechanical switch (2), composite electric electronic switch (3), on-state switch (4), buffer circuit one (5), buffer circuit two (6), high-resistance current-limiting circuit (7), backward voltage charging circuit (8), freewheeling circuit (9), smoothing reactor (10) and DC load (11)；High-resistance current-limiting circuit of the present invention continues to be connected after power electronic combination switch shutdown, keeps ship direct current power system more stable；Load-side has continuous current circuit, and the energy after DC line disjunction to store in DC line and load provides Releasing loop, and limits the rate of climb rate of short circuit current；Can be according to the requirement designed, designed short circuit current current-limiting zone of ship direct current system, breaking speed is fast, limits DC line short circuit current climbing and short circuit current range, effectively cut-offs DC line short circuit current.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of breaker, especially a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker belongs to electric system
Automatic field belongs to direct current transportation short circuit current limitation open circuit protection technology.
Background technique
Ship Electrical Power System belongs to limited power grid, and compared with the electric short circuit failure of land, short trouble occurs for Ship Power Station single-point
When, it is breaking that short circuit current has the characteristics that peak value is big, short, excessive short circuit peak of holding time has been over spot ship
The limit of device is connected to and breaking capacity, so that breaker realizes the aggravation of cascade protection difficulty, even will cause full ship when serious and stops
Electricity.Therefore, study a kind of can quickly inhibit short circuit current and the device of effective disjunction failure has become the country in failure
The hot spot of outer research.
Mechanical switch has the features such as load capacity is strong, stable, but is also easy to produce electric arc when open circuit.By power semiconductor
The solid-state switch of device composition has many advantages, such as no arc light, cut-offs that rapid, functional reliability is high, but exists simultaneously capacity and have
Limit, the disadvantages of overload capability is poor, device loss is big, significantly limit application of the solid-state switch in Ship Electrical Power System.
Due to being continuously increased for ship DC power station capacity, the short circuit current level after short trouble is also continuously increased.Therefore one is developed
Kind has Breaking capacity big, other power devices can be protected in failure, and the dc circuit breaker that energy limiting short-circuit current obtains has
Significance.
Summary of the invention
For the above-mentioned prior art, it is short in the generation of ship direct current system that the technical problem to be solved in the present invention is to provide one kind
It is capable of the hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker of limiting short-circuit current and thick-less vane short circuit current when the failure of road.
In order to solve the above technical problems, a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker of the present invention, including commutation synchronization hair
Motor or DC bus, high speed repulsion mechanical switch, power electronic combination switch, on-state switch, buffer circuit one, buffer circuit
Two, high-resistance current-limiting circuit, backward voltage charging circuit, freewheeling circuit, smoothing reactor and DC load；High speed repulsion machinery is opened
Closing includes a high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, and smoothing reactor includes an inductance L2, commutation synchronization generator or DC bus
Anode respectively with one end of one end of high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, the anode of power electronic combination switch, buffer circuit one with
And one end of high-resistance current-limiting circuit is connected, the cathode of commutation synchronization generator or DC bus respectively with high-resistance current-limiting circuit
The other end, one end of backward voltage charging circuit, one end of freewheeling circuit and DC load one end be connected, high speed repulsion
The other end of mechanical switch S is connected with one end of one end and buffer circuit two that on-state switchs, power electronic combination switch negative terminal
Respectively with Power Diode Pumped D in backward voltage charging circuit3Power Diode Pumped D in anode and freewheeling circuit5Cathode is connected, and delays
It rushes one other end of circuit to be connected with IGBT group emitter in power electronic combination switch, it is electric with buffering respectively that on-state switchs the other end
The other end on road two, the other end of backward voltage charging circuit, the other end of freewheeling circuit, one end of smoothing reactor are connected,
The smoothing reactor other end is connected with the other end of DC load.
A kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker of the present invention, further includes:
1. power electronic combination switch includes IGBT group and thyristor groups, n1A IGBT parallel connection constitutes IGBT group, IGBT group
Current collection extremely power electronic combination switch anode and be connected with one end of high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, n3Group n2It is a simultaneously
The thyristor of connection, which is connected in series, constitutes thyristor groups, and the emitter of IGBT group is connected with the anode of thyristor groups, the yin of thyristor groups
The extremely negative terminal of power electronic combination switch, negative terminal and two pole of electric power in backward voltage charging circuit of power electronic combination switch
Pipe D3Power Diode Pumped D in anode and freewheeling circuit5Cathode is connected；
n1、n2And n3Meet:
Or
Wherein:For the on-state rated current of single IGBT；For the on-state rated current of single thyristor；IdcFor
Export electric current；UdcFor electric power output voltage；For single thyristor voltage rating；For single IGBT voltage rating；
For thyristor On-resistance；For IGBT On-resistance；If the n that formula (1) and formula (2) are found out3Value is different, then n3It takes larger
Value, works as n1、n2And n3When for non-integer: n1=[n1]+1,n2=[n2]+1,n3=[n3]+1, wherein [] represents integer part.
2. on-state switch includes high-power gate level turn-off thyristor T1With inductance L1, T1Anode is opened with high speed repulsion machinery
The one end for closing S is connected, T1Cathode and inductance L1It is connected, inductance L1The other end respectively with Power Diode Pumped in buffer circuit two
D1Cathode is connected with one end of backward voltage charging circuit.
3. buffer circuit one includes capacitor C2, resistance R2And Power Diode Pumped D2, capacitor C2One end respectively with resistance R2With
And Power Diode Pumped D2Anode is connected, capacitor C2The other end is connected with the anode of power electronic combination switch, resistance R2It is another
End respectively with Power Diode Pumped D2IGBT group emitter is connected in cathode and power electronic combination switch.
4. buffer circuit two includes capacitor C1, resistance R1And Power Diode Pumped D1, capacitor C1T in one end and on-state switch1
Anode is connected, capacitor C1The other end and resistance R1It is connected, resistance R1The other end and Power Diode Pumped D1Anode is connected, electricity
Power diode D1Inductance L in cathode and on-state switch1One end is connected.
5. high-resistance current-limiting circuit includes insulated gate bipolar thyristor T2And resistance R5, T2Collector is compound with power electronics
The anode of switch is connected, T2Emitter and resistance R5It is connected, resistance R5The other end and commutation synchronization generator or DC bus
Cathode is connected.
6. backward voltage charging circuit includes capacitor C3, resistance R3And Power Diode Pumped D3, capacitor C3It is opened with on-state one end
Close one end be connected, the other end respectively with the negative terminal of power electronic combination switch, Power Diode Pumped D3Anode is connected, electric power two
Pole pipe D3Cathode and resistance R3It is connected, resistance R3The other end is connected with commutation synchronization generator or DC bus cathode.
7. freewheeling circuit includes thermistor R4With Power Diode Pumped D4With Power Diode Pumped D5, Power Diode Pumped D4Cathode
It is connected with smoothing reactor one end, anode and thermistor R4One end is connected, thermistor R4The other end is electric with electric power respectively
The negative terminal and Power Diode Pumped D of sub- combination switch5Cathode is connected, Power Diode Pumped D5Anode and commutation synchronization generator are straight
Stream bus cathode is connected.
8. a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker course of work of the present invention is as follows:
When breaker booting, control high speed repulsion mechanical switch S first, power electronic combination switch conducting are high-power
Gate level turn-off thyristor T1Shutdown, trigger signal maintain 1.4s that big function is connected if system does not have short trouble after 1.4s
Power electronic combination switch is turned off when rate gate level turn-off thyristor T1,2s, system power is shifted by power electronic combination switch
To high-power gate level turn-off thyristor T1Guan Shang, while giving capacitor C3Charging, breaker starting up complete；
When short trouble occurs, breaker enters current limliting working condition, while to high-power gate level turn-off thyristor
T1Action command is issued with power electronic combination switch, enables high-power gate level turn-off thyristor T1Shutdown, power electronics is compound opens
Conducting is closed, at this time the variable resistance R in continuous current circuit4Limit the climbing speed of short circuit current；When short circuit current continues to rise,
Breaker carries out Hysteresis Current to short circuit current and compares PWM control；Power-on reset is repeated if short trouble excision in 0.19s
Process, the high speed repulsion mechanical switch S separating brake if short trouble is not cut off, and to insulated gate bipolar thyristor T2Conducting is issued to refer to
It enables, accesses high-resistance current-limiting circuit；Power electronic combination switch is turned off after 0.2s, so far short trouble is removed；
When route needs to cut-off, pressure separating brake is carried out: first issuing turn-on command to power electronic combination switch, then to height
Fast repulsion mechanical switch S issues separating brake instruction, and power electronic combination switch is in an off state, and high speed repulsion mechanical switch S points
Starting the arc when lock, when arc voltage reaches the conducting voltage of power electronic combination switch, power electronic combination switch conducting, electric current
From the upper bridge change of current to power electronic combination switch, high speed repulsion mechanical switch S separating brake accesses high-resistance current-limiting circuit at this time and completes
Force separating brake process.
Beneficial effects of the present invention: the present invention provides a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breakers, provide simultaneously
The control model of current limiting circuit breaker is with the calculating of parameter, when short trouble occurs for ship direct current system, hybrid solid-state direct current limit
Streaming breaker being capable of limiting short-circuit current and thick-less vane short circuit current.Its high-resistance current-limiting circuit of the invention is multiple in power electronics
0.2s is connected after combination switch shutdown, better protective effect is played to generator system, makes ship direct current power system more
Stablize；Its load-side has continuous current circuit, and the energy after DC line disjunction to store in DC line and load, which provides, to be released
Put back to road, and the thermistor R when breaker enters current limliting working condition, in continuous current circuit4Rise with temperature and then makes it
Resistance value increases, and limits the rate of climb rate of short circuit current；Because the short-circuiting device control model designed herein is that electric current is more stagnant
Ring control, it is possible to which stagnant ring (it is big to can be changed according to the requirement designed, designed short circuit current current-limiting zone of ship direct current system
It is small), it provides more choices for the design of ship direct current system selective protection, reduces design difficulty.By current-limiting circuit,
Mechanical switch, power electronic combination switch combine, and breaking speed is fast, reach limitation DC line short circuit current climbing and short circuit
Current range, the purpose for effectively cut-offfing DC line short circuit current.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is the principle of the present invention structural schematic diagram；
Fig. 2 is starting up's first stage schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 3 is starting up's second stage schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 4 is current limliting first stage schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 5 is current limliting second stage schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 6 is high-resistance current-limiting schematic diagram of the present invention；
Fig. 7 is control model timing diagram of the invention；
Fig. 8 is the control model timing diagram that the present invention forces separating brake；
Fig. 9 is afterflow line equivalent circuit diagram of the present invention；
Figure 10 is short circuit current simulation comparison figure of the present invention；
Figure 11 is switching device control signal timing diagram of the present invention；
Figure 12 is that power electronic combination switch of the present invention controls signal and hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker output electricity
Flow comparison diagram；
Figure 13 is that power electronic combination switch of the present invention controls signal and hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker output electricity
Flow contrast detail diagram；
Specific embodiment
The present invention will be further described with reference to the accompanying drawing:
A kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker, including commutation synchronization generator or DC bus 1, high speed repulsion machine
It is tool switch 2, power electronic combination switch 3, on-state switch 4, buffer circuit 1, buffer circuit 26, high-resistance current-limiting circuit 7, anti-
To voltage charging circuit 8, freewheeling circuit 9, smoothing reactor 10 and DC load 11.Theory structure schematic diagram as shown in Figure 1,
It include high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, high-power gate level turn-off thyristor T in figure1, power electronic combination switch, insulated gate pair
Pole thyristor T2, Power Diode Pumped D1~D5, capacitor C1~C3, constant value resistance R1、R2、R3、R5, thermistor R4, inductance L1、L2,
IGBT number of parallel n in power electronic combination switch1, thyristor groups line number n2, thyristor groups columns n3。
As figures 2-6, the principle of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker is illustrated.
The state of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker can be divided into power-on reset state, short-circuit condition and force separating brake three
Kind.
When breaker has just been connected into circuit booting, the flow direction of electric current is as shown in Figure 2.Mechanical switch S is in closed state,
T1Pipe is not turned on, and power electronic combination switch conducting, electric current is through power electronic combination switch, R4And D4Flow to load end.Wherein
R4For thermistor, when normal boot-strap without short circuit, electric current is smaller, and thermistor temp is lower, and impedance is smaller, the on-state of circuit
Impedance is small, is lost small.S and T when being switched in order to prevent1It directly is connected into short-circuit condition, this process is held time as 1.4s.
Without short trouble, T after 1.4s1Pipe conducting.Bridge is in the conductive state simultaneously up and down at this time, upper bridge
On-resistance is much smaller than lower bridge, and current commutation is through S and T1Flow direction load, while being also capacitor C3Charging.Power electronics is multiple when 2s
Combination switch shutdown, C3Both end voltage is to input voltage, and breaker starting up completes, as shown in Figure 3.
When the short circuit that load occurs, breaker enters current limliting working condition, this state maintains 0.2s, if during current limliting
Short trouble excision then restores access, and breaker is cut off if short circuit still has and realizes open circuit.Under limited current state, electric power is given
Electronics combination switch trigger pulse, turns it on, and gives T1Cut-off signals.When power electronic combination switch conducting, C3Inverse parallel
In T1Both ends are T1Backward voltage is provided to turn it off.Short circuit current changes road to lower bridge, at this time R4On resistance temperature rise
And then increase its resistance value, limit the rate of climb rate of short circuit current.Current trend is as shown in Figure 4.
When short circuit current is further up, breaker carries out Hysteresis Current to short circuit current and compares PWM control.When short-circuit electricity
Stream reaches IlmaxWhen turn off power electronic combination switch, D4, R4And D5Form continuous current circuit, R4Inductance is consumed at this time for energy consumption resistor
Freewheel current, as shown in Figure 5.
When short circuit current is reduced to IlminShi Kaitong power electronic combination switch, electric current rise.C1Both end voltage is by a upper shape
Input voltage caused by state becomes the on-state voltage drop of power electronic combination switch, will cause C1Void in back discharge such as Fig. 4
Line loop utilizes D1The reversed high resistance generation to block reverse current of diode.It is weighed if short trouble excision in 0.19s
Reset state newly is booted up, if short circuit, which is not cut off, disconnects mechanical switch S, opens T2Access high-resistance current-limiting resistance.It is closed after 0.2s
Disconnected power electronic combination switch, breaker complete open circuit, cut off short circuit current.
As shown in fig. 6,0.2s is connected in high-resistance current-limiting circuit after power electronic combination switch shutdown, its purpose is to anti-
Only marine generator damages generator, extremely bad influence is caused to network of ship from the prominent unloading of overload.
When breaker carries out pressure separating brake, power electronic combination switch trigger pulse is given, mechanical switch S is divided
Lock, electric current still passes through S switch at this time.Electric arc can be generated when mechanical switch S separating brake, when to reach power electronics compound for arc voltage
The change of current is formed when switch conduction voltage, electric current is from the upper bridge change of current to lower bridge, and thus one carrys out mechanical switch S separating brake without big
Electric arc generates, and forms thick-less vane.The process that high-resistance current-limiting is carried out when S disjunction completes the pressure separating brake of breaker.
As shown in FIG. 7 and 8, the control model of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker is illustrated.
Fig. 7 is the control model of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker, it includes to high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, T1
(GTO), power electronic combination switch and T2(IGBT) timing control.
The corresponding hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker power-on reset state 1 of timing I in Fig. 7, its operating path with
Fig. 2 is corresponding.S and power electronic combination switch conducting, hold time t1, export electric current IdcFor I0。
The corresponding hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker power-on reset state 2 of timing diagram II, the i.e. operating path of Fig. 3.
S, power electronic combination switch and T1Conducting, circuit carry out change of current movement, this process is held time as t2, export electric current IdcFor I0。
If no short trouble occurs, into timing III, and continue to maintain III process of timing.It is loaded in the state of timing III
Electric current is only flowed through from the upper bridge arm of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker, S and T1Conducting, power electronic combination switch shutdown.
Power electronic combination switch enters normal mode of operation.
Timing IV is time sequence status when short trouble just occurs, the operating path of its corresponding diagram 4.S and power electronics are multiple
Combination switch conducting, T1Shutdown, circuit are in the change of current action process before current limliting, hold time as t4.1, electric current IdcBy I0It rises to
Ilmax。
Fig. 5 operating path corresponds to timing V, and circuit is in Hysteresis Current and compares PWM state of a control.S conducting, T1And electric power
The shutdown of electronics combination switch, electric current IdcAfterflow, and drop to Ilmin, timing V holds time as t4.2。
Hereafter it is the cyclic process of timing IV to timing V, short circuit current control that the stagnant ring of circuit, which compares PWM control process,
In stagnant ring, hold time as 0.2s.The T in cyclic process1Always it turns off, power electronic combination switch is compared by Hysteresis Current
PWM control mode carrys out control switch.
When circulation maintains 0.19s, disjunction mechanical switch S, such as VII process of timing VI or timing, T during this2Conducting.
The corresponding current limliting of timing VIII recycles end state, power electronic combination switch and T2Conducting, holds time as t4.n。
Timing Ⅸ is hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker disconnection process, 6 operating path of corresponding diagram.
Timing Ⅹ is final hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula circuit breaker trip short circuit current state.
Force separating brake control sequential figure as shown in figure 8, its control model is different with current limliting, it is to T1Without control
System.
Timing I is normal operating conditions.
Timing II is to force the separating brake first stage, and control module is to power electronic combination switch and T2Trigger signal.
Timing III is to force the change of current stage of separating brake, and control module realizes thick-less vane mechanical switch to S breaking signal.
Timing IV closes power electronic combination switch Continuity signal and enters high-resistance current-limiting process protection marine generator.
Timing V turns off T2Complete hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula circuit breaker forced separating brake.
The parameter designing of switching device in hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker is derived and illustrated with selection.
T2The end voltage of pipe is electric power output voltage Udc, by electric current IT2Have with the uninstall feature of marine generator
It closes.
IGBT1With T11End voltage UIGBT1And UT11As following equation pushes away are as follows:
Pass through the electric current of each pipe are as follows:
The voltage rating and electric current that electronic power switch is determined under the premise of guaranteeing pre- allowance, carry it into formula (1)-
(3) electronic power switch number n can be obtained in1、n2、n3。
Wherein: n1For IGBT number of parallel in power electronic combination switch；n2For thyristor groups in power electronic combination switch
Line number；n3For thyristor groups columns in power electronic combination switch；For the on-state rated current of single IGBT；It is single
The on-state rated current of thyristor；IdcTo export electric current；UdcFor electric power output voltage；Single thyristor voltage rating；For single IGBT voltage rating；For thyristor On-resistance；For IGBT On-resistance.Each selected value is substituted into
Find out n1、n2And n3, wherein if the n that two formula are found out3Value is different, takes the larger value, and value is rounded, n is worked as1、n2And n3It is non-whole
When number, n is taken respectively1、n2And n3Integer portion and add 1 after integer value as n1、n2And n3Correspondence end value.
The rate of climb and inductance L on the switching rate and short circuit current of electric power electric switch2Afterflow is related.Pass through control electricity
Hinder R4Resistance value in short circuit can control power electronic combination switch duty ratio.It is calculated according to watercraft commutation generator parameter,
It can be by short circuit current linearization process, equation are as follows:
Is=Ke(T-ts)+5250 (4)
Hysteresis Current upper lower limit value, which is brought into equation (4), can acquire power electronic combination switch service time are as follows:
As shown in figure 9, power electronic combination switch shutdown moment switch is by 1 to 2, power supply disconnects afterflow equivalent circuit diagram,
Form continuous current circuit such as Fig. 9 (b).
Ignore diode and inductance internal resistance, the KCL and KVL of circuit can be listed by circuit diagram.
Using the power electronic combination switch shutdown moment as initial time
The solution of equation can be solved by bringing formula (7) into formula (6) are as follows:
toffMoment inductance freewheel current drops to Ilmin, power electronic combination switch is open-minded, into the circulation current limliting stage.
By IlminThe turn-off time of power electronic combination switch can be obtained by bringing formula (8) into.
In turn it can be concluded that the switching frequency of power electronic combination switch:
The time turned on and off can control by change inductance, resistance value known to formula (5), (9), (10), into
And the switching frequency of duty ratio and power electronic combination switch is controlled, changing stagnant ring value also can control power electronic combination switch
Switching frequency.
The parameter designing of buffer circuit in hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker is derived and illustrated with selection.
Capacitor C in buffer circuit2End voltage can be calculated by following formula:
By UIGBT1Capacitor C can be found out by bringing equation into2Value, the C in power electronic combination switch conducting2Electric discharge, capacitor electricity
Zero is pushed back, and electric current cannot be excessive.It can be obtained by RC circuit:
As t=4 τ, approximate can discharge is zero, takes 0.5tonFor 4 τ.Resistance R can be calculated2For resistance value.It can similarly ask
T out1Buffer circuit C1And R1。
Current limiting performance is carried out to hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker below with reference to Figure 10~13 and interrupting process is imitated
Very.
It emulates operating condition setting: choosing 50 times of nominal load equivalent resistance R5, resistance value is 47.62 Ω；Choose UdcFor
5000V, IdcMaximum value is stagnant ring upper limit value Ilmin=7500A；Choose n1、n2、n3Respectively 10,6,9；Choose inductance L2Value is
0.1mH；According to deriving to obtain toff=2.477 × 10-5S, capacitor C2Value is about 20 μ F, R2It is about 0.275 Ω for resistance.
Commutation synchronization generator normally starts, and 60% nominal load is loaded in 2s, adds in 2.5s 100% specified negative
It carries, completes system nominal band and carry simulation run.Terminal shortcircuit is loaded when 4s, hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker enters current limliting rank
Section.Short trouble is not cut off when 4.19s, and high-resistance current-limiting circuit is connected, and mechanical switch S carries out separating brake.Hybrid solid-state is straight when 4.2s
Ductility limit streaming circuit breaker trip short circuit current, carries out high-resistance current-limiting movement, and high-resistance current-limiting circuit is total to the duration as 0.2s.4.5s
When short trouble cut off, when 4.8s, provides reset signal, and breaker carries out reset operation, and loads 60% nominal load.5.3s
Reload 40% nominal load.The reseting procedure of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker maintains 2s, has resetted in 6.8s
At.It carries out forcing separating brake movement when 7.5s, action process is power electronic combination switch conducting-S shutdown, T2Conducting-electric power
Electronics combination switch shutdown-T2Shutdown.
Figure 10 is that ship direct current system adds hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker in 4s short circuit and hybrid solid-state is not added
The output current graph of direct current current-limiting formula breaker.The maximum value of short circuit current is when hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker is not added
40054A, steady-state shortcircuit current are fluctuated in 84163A~84769A range.Add short circuit after hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker
The peak value of electric current is limited within 7450A, and short circuit current has been limited within the scope of 7450A~7350A.By Fig. 8
It can be seen that 4s is in short-term, hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker has good limitation to the climbing speed of short circuit current, inhibits
The generation of biggish di/dt.
Figure 11 is switching device control signal timing diagram, when each signal can be seen that mechanical switch S disjunction in comparison diagram
Power electronic combination switch remains open-minded, this also meets the requirement that mechanical switch S realizes thick-less vane.No matter forcing
At the end of the separating brake stage or at the end of the current limliting separating brake stage, T2It will open and be kept for a bit of time, to realize
Protection of the high-resistance current-limiting circuit to generator.
By the output electric current of control the signal amplification and hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker of power electronic combination switch
It compares as shown in figure 12.0s~2s and 4.8s~6.8s is the power-on reset rank of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker
Section, 4s~4.2s are the current limliting stage of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker.
Hysteresis Current is compared to the output current graph amplification in PWM control stage, the amplification with power electronic combination switch is flat
Shifting signal compares.Such as Figure 13 it can be seen that electric current declines when power electronic combination switch turns off, power electronic combination switch
Electric current rises when opening, and current fluctuation amplitude range substantially meets setting value.Opening shutdown because of power electronic devices has a timing
Between, and control signal also and have certain delay, so control generate electric current also with setting value difference.As can be seen from Figure 13 electric
The turn-off time of opening of power electronics combination switch is consistent with design.
The specific embodiment of the invention further include:
A kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker, including commutation synchronization generator or DC bus 1, high speed repulsion machine
It is tool switch 2, power electronic combination switch 3, on-state switch 4, buffer circuit 1, buffer circuit 26, high-resistance current-limiting circuit 7, anti-
To voltage charging circuit 8, freewheeling circuit 9, smoothing reactor 10 and DC load 11；High speed repulsion mechanical switch 2 includes one
High speed repulsion mechanical switch S, smoothing reactor 10 include an inductance L2, the anode of commutation synchronization generator or DC bus 1
It is limited respectively with the one end high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, the anode of power electronic combination switch 3, one 5 one end of buffer circuit and high resistant
7 one end of current circuit is connected, cathode respectively with 7 one end of high-resistance current-limiting circuit, 8 one end of backward voltage charging circuit, freewheeling circuit 9
One end and 11 one end of DC load are connected, the high speed repulsion mechanical switch S other end and on-state switch 4,26 phase of buffer circuit
Even, 3 negative terminal of power electronic combination switch is respectively at Power Diode Pumped D in backward voltage charging circuit 83Anode and freewheeling circuit
Power Diode Pumped D in 95Cathode is connected, IGBT threshold group emitter in one 5 other end of buffer circuit and power electronic combination switch 3
Be connected, 4 other end of on-state switch respectively with buffer circuit 26, backward voltage charging circuit 8, freewheeling circuit 9, smoothing reactor
10 are connected, and 10 other end of smoothing reactor is connected with DC load 11.
Power electronic combination switch 3 includes IGBT group and thyristor groups, n1A IGBT parallel connection constitutes IGBT group, collector
For the anode of power electronic combination switch 3, it is connected with the one end high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, n3Group n2The thyristor phase of a parallel connection
Thyristor groups in series, the emitter of IGBT group are connected with the anode of thyristor groups, and the cathode of thyristor groups is power electronics
Power Diode Pumped D in the negative terminal of combination switch 3, with backward voltage charging circuit 83Two pole of electric power in anode and freewheeling circuit 9
Pipe D5Cathode is connected.
On-state switch 4 includes high-power gate level turn-off thyristor T1With inductance L1, T1Anode and high speed repulsion mechanical switch
The one end S is connected, cathode and inductance L1It is connected, inductance L1The other end respectively with Power Diode Pumped D in buffer circuit 261Yin
Pole, 8 one end of backward voltage charging circuit are connected.
Buffer circuit 1 includes capacitor C2, resistance R2And Power Diode Pumped D2, capacitor C2One end respectively with resistance R2And
Power Diode Pumped D2Anode is connected, capacitor C2The other end is connected with the anode of power electronic combination switch 3, resistance R2It is another
End respectively with Power Diode Pumped D2IGBT group emitter is connected in cathode and power electronic combination switch 3.
Buffer circuit 26 includes capacitor C1, resistance R1And Power Diode Pumped D1, capacitor C1T in one end and on-state switch 41
Anode is connected, capacitor C1The other end and resistance R1It is connected, resistance R1The other end and Power Diode Pumped D1Anode is connected, electricity
Power diode D1Inductance L in cathode and on-state switch 41One end is connected.
High-resistance current-limiting circuit 7 includes insulated gate bipolar thyristor T2And resistance R5, T2Collector with power electronics is compound opens
The anode of pass 3 is connected, emitter and resistance R5It is connected, resistance R5The other end and commutation synchronization generator or DC bus 1
Cathode is connected.
Backward voltage charging circuit 8 includes capacitor C3, resistance R3And Power Diode Pumped D3, capacitor C3It is opened with on-state one end
4 one end are closed to be connected, the other end respectively with the negative terminal of power electronic combination switch 3, Power Diode Pumped D3Anode is connected, electric power
Diode D3Cathode and resistance R3It is connected, resistance R3The other end is connected with commutation synchronization generator or 1 cathode of DC bus.
Freewheeling circuit 9 includes thermistor R4With Power Diode Pumped D4、D5, Power Diode Pumped D4Cathode and smoothing reactor
10 one end are connected, anode and thermistor R4One end is connected, thermistor R4The other end respectively with power electronic combination switch
3 negative terminal, Power Diode Pumped D5Cathode is connected, Power Diode Pumped D5Anode and 1 cathode of commutation synchronization generator or DC bus
It is connected.
The course of work of the present invention is as follows:
When breaker is just switched on, S, power electronic combination switch conducting, T are first controlled1Pipe shutdown, trigger signal maintain
1.4s.If system does not have a short trouble after 1.4s, T1 pipe is connected, when 2s turns off power electronic combination switch, system electricity
Stream is transferred to T by power electronic combination switch1Guan Shang, while giving capacitor C3Charging, breaker starting up complete.
When short trouble occurs, breaker enters current limliting working condition, while to T1Pipe and power electronic combination switch
Action command is issued, T is enabled1Pipe shutdown, power electronic combination switch are connected, at this time the variable resistance R in continuous current circuit4It limits
The climbing speed of short circuit current.When short circuit current continues to rise, breaker carries out Hysteresis Current to short circuit current and compares PWM control
System.Power-on reset process is repeated if short trouble excision in 0.19s, if short trouble does not cut off mechanical switch S separating brake,
And to T2Turn-on command is issued, high-resistance current-limiting circuit is accessed.Power electronic combination switch is turned off after 0.2s, so far short trouble quilt
Excision.
When route needs to cut-off, pressure separating brake is carried out.Turn-on command first is issued to power electronic combination switch, then to machine
Tool switch S issues separating brake instruction, since the on-state voltage drop of mechanical switch is much smaller than power electronic combination switch conduction voltage drop, so
Even if providing power electronic combination switch triggering restricting the number but power electronic combination switch still in off state.Mechanical switch point
Starting the arc when lock, when arc voltage reaches the conducting voltage of power electronic combination switch, power electronic combination switch conducting, electric current
From the upper bridge change of current to power electronic combination switch, mechanical switch separating brake accesses high-resistance current-limiting circuit at this time and completes to force separating brake
Process.
In addition, the working condition of controllable electronic power switch can be divided into 4 kinds in the present invention, i.e., off-state, open, be connected and close
It is disconnected.In off-state, controllable electronic power switch bears electric power output voltage；In conducting, controllable electronic power switch bears load
Electric current or short circuit current；When Hysteresis Current compares PWM control, high-frequency signal and biggish dv/ that control module provides are born
dt,di/dt.Therefore to the correct protection of semiconductor switch and reasonable selection to the normal of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker
It works particularly important.The structure of circuit is protected to depend on the type and hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker of electronic power switch
Functional characteristic.
Claims (9)
1. a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker, it is characterised in that: including commutation synchronization generator or DC bus
(1), high speed repulsion mechanical switch (2), power electronic combination switch (3), on-state switch (4), buffer circuit one (5), buffering electricity
Road two (6), high-resistance current-limiting circuit (7), backward voltage charging circuit (8), freewheeling circuit (9), smoothing reactor (10) and direct current
It loads (11)；High speed repulsion mechanical switch (2) includes a high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, and smoothing reactor (10) includes one
Inductance L2, the anode of commutation synchronization generator or DC bus (1) respectively with one end of high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, electric power electricity
One end of the anode of sub- combination switch (3), one end of buffer circuit one (5) and high-resistance current-limiting circuit (7) is connected, and rectification is same
Walk the cathode of generator or DC bus (1) respectively with the other end of high-resistance current-limiting circuit (7), backward voltage charging circuit (8)
One end, one end of freewheeling circuit (9) and one end of DC load (11) be connected, high speed repulsion mechanical switch S's is another
End switchs the one end of (4) with on-state and one end of buffer circuit two (6) is connected, power electronic combination switch (3) negative terminal respectively with
Power Diode Pumped D in backward voltage charging circuit (8)3Power Diode Pumped D in anode and freewheeling circuit (9)5Cathode is connected, and delays
It rushes circuit one (5) other end to be connected with IGBT group emitter in power electronic combination switch (3), on-state switchs (4) other end point
Not with the other end of buffer circuit two (6), the other end of backward voltage charging circuit (8), freewheeling circuit (9) the other end, flat
One end of wave reactor (10) is connected, and smoothing reactor (10) other end is connected with the other end of DC load (11).
2. a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: power electronics is compound
Switching (3) includes IGBT group and thyristor groups, n1A IGBT parallel connection constitutes IGBT group, and the current collection of IGBT group extremely power electronics is multiple
The anode of combination switch (3) is simultaneously connected with one end of high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, n3Group n2The thyristor of a parallel connection is connected in series structure
At thyristor groups, the emitter of IGBT group is connected with the anode of thyristor groups, and the cathode of thyristor groups, which is that power electronics is compound, to be opened
Close the negative terminal of (3), Power Diode Pumped D in the negative terminal of power electronic combination switch (3) and backward voltage charging circuit (8)3Anode
And Power Diode Pumped D in freewheeling circuit (9)5Cathode is connected；
n1、n2And n3Meet:
Or
Wherein:For the on-state rated current of single IGBT；For the on-state rated current of single thyristor；IdcFor output
Electric current；UdcFor electric power output voltage；For single thyristor voltage rating；For single IGBT voltage rating；For crystalline substance
Brake tube On-resistance；For IGBT On-resistance；If the n that formula (1) and formula (2) are found out3Value is different, then n3The larger value is taken,
Work as n1、n2And n3When for non-integer: n1=[n1]+1,n2=[n2]+1,n3=[n3]+1, wherein [] represents integer part.
3. a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: on-state switchs (4)
Including high-power gate level turn-off thyristor T1With inductance L1, T1Anode is connected with one end of high speed repulsion mechanical switch S, T1
Cathode and inductance L1It is connected, inductance L1The other end respectively with Power Diode Pumped D in buffer circuit two (6)1Cathode and backward voltage
The other end of charging circuit (8) is connected.
4. a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: buffer circuit one
It (5) include capacitor C2, resistance R2And Power Diode Pumped D2, capacitor C2One end respectively with resistance R2And Power Diode Pumped D2Anode
It is connected, capacitor C2The other end is connected with the anode of power electronic combination switch (3), resistance R2The other end respectively with electric power two
Pole pipe D2IGBT group emitter is connected in cathode and power electronic combination switch (3).
5. a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: buffer circuit two
It (6) include capacitor C1, resistance R1And Power Diode Pumped D1, capacitor C1T in one end and on-state switch (4)1Anode is connected, capacitor
C1The other end and resistance R1It is connected, resistance R1The other end and Power Diode Pumped D1Anode is connected, Power Diode Pumped D1Cathode with
On-state switchs inductance L in (4)1One end is connected.
6. a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: high-resistance current-limiting circuit
It (7) include insulated gate bipolar thyristor T2And resistance R5, T2Collector is connected with the anode of power electronic combination switch (3),
T2Emitter and resistance R5It is connected, resistance R5The other end is connected with commutation synchronization generator or DC bus (1) cathode.
7. a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: backward voltage charging
Circuit (8) includes capacitor C3, resistance R3And Power Diode Pumped D3, capacitor C3One end is connected with on-state switch (4) other end,
The other end respectively with the negative terminal of power electronic combination switch (3), Power Diode Pumped D3Anode is connected, Power Diode Pumped D3Cathode
With resistance R3It is connected, resistance R3The other end is connected with commutation synchronization generator or DC bus (1) cathode.
8. a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: freewheeling circuit (9)
Including thermistor R4With Power Diode Pumped D4With Power Diode Pumped D5, Power Diode Pumped D4Cathode and smoothing reactor (10) one
End is connected, anode and thermistor R4One end is connected, thermistor R4The other end respectively with power electronic combination switch (3)
Negative terminal and Power Diode Pumped D5Cathode is connected, Power Diode Pumped D5Anode and commutation synchronization generator or DC bus (1) are negative
Pole is connected.
9. a kind of hybrid solid-state direct current current-limiting formula breaker according to claim 1, it is characterised in that: the course of work is such as
Under:
When breaker booting, control high speed repulsion mechanical switch S first, power electronic combination switch (3) conducting, high-power door
Pole cut-off crystal brake tube T1Shutdown, trigger signal maintain 1.4s, if system does not have short trouble after 1.4s, are connected high-power
Power electronic combination switch (3) are turned off when gate level turn-off thyristor T1,2s, system power is by power electronic combination switch (3)
It is transferred to high-power gate level turn-off thyristor T1Guan Shang, while giving capacitor C3Charging, breaker starting up complete；
When short trouble occurs, breaker enters current limliting working condition, while to high-power gate level turn-off thyristor T1With electricity
Power electronics combination switch (3) issues action command, enables high-power gate level turn-off thyristor T1Shutdown, power electronic combination switch
(3) it is connected, at this time the variable resistance R in continuous current circuit4Limit the climbing speed of short circuit current；Short circuit current continues to rise
When, breaker carries out Hysteresis Current to short circuit current and compares PWM control；It repeats to be switched on if short trouble excision in 0.19s
Reseting procedure, the high speed repulsion mechanical switch S separating brake if short trouble is not cut off, and to insulated gate bipolar thyristor T2Sending is led
Logical instruction, accesses high-resistance current-limiting circuit；Power electronic combination switch (3) are turned off after 0.2s, so far short trouble is removed；
When route needs to cut-off, pressure separating brake is carried out: first issuing turn-on command to power electronic combination switch (3), then to height
Fast repulsion mechanical switch S issues separating brake instruction, and power electronic combination switch (3) is in an off state, high speed repulsion mechanical switch S
Starting the arc when separating brake, when arc voltage reaches the conducting voltage of power electronic combination switch (3), power electronic combination switch (3)
Conducting, for electric current from the upper bridge change of current to power electronic combination switch (3), high speed repulsion mechanical switch S separating brake accesses high resistant at this time
Current-limiting circuit (7) is completed to force separating brake process.
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| CN2018103694991 | 2018-04-24 | ||
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| CN112531666A (en) * | 2020-11-26 | 2021-03-19 | 广东电网有限责任公司佛山供电局 | Direct current limiter topological structure and direct current limiter thereof |
| CN113794188B (en) * | 2021-08-17 | 2023-09-19 | 国网河北省电力有限公司雄安新区供电公司 | Novel solid-state alternating current circuit breaker suitable for distribution network |
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| CN103346528A (en) * | 2013-06-27 | 2013-10-09 | 浙江大学 | Current limiting type hybrid direct-current circuit breaker based on power electronic combination switch |
| WO2016056098A1 (en) * | 2014-10-09 | 2016-04-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Direct current circuit breaker |
| CN105449704B (en) * | 2015-12-10 | 2018-11-02 | 特变电工新疆新能源股份有限公司 | A kind of flexible direct current power transmission system and its DC Line Fault processing method |
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