CN102062952B - 带有光束监控器的光学投影仪 - Google Patents
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Abstract
一种光学设备,其包括装置外壳,并带有容纳在外壳中的辐射源,该辐射源配置为发出相干辐射的光束。衍射光学元件(DOE)安装在外壳内,以将来自辐射源的射线接收并衍射成为包括多个衍射级的预定的图案。光学探测器被置于外壳内,以接收和检测DOE的所选择的衍射级的强度。
Description
技术领域
本发明大体涉及光学图案投影,并具体涉及监控投影仪的性能。
背景技术
光学图案投影用于多种应用,诸如光学三维(3D)绘图、区域照明以及LCD背光应用(LCD backlighting)。在一些应用中,使用衍射光学元件(DOE)来产生所需的投影图案。在诸如美国专利申请公布文本2009/0185274中描述了基于DOE的投影仪设计,其公开内容以引证方式在此纳入。
发明内容
由于一开始的制造公差以及随后所应用的领域的条件,给定类型的光学投影仪的性能会发生变化。在一些应用中,重要的是确保这样的变化不会超过特定的限度。
因此,根据本发明的实施方案,所提供的光学设备包括了装置外壳和辐射源,所述辐射源被容纳在外壳中,并配置为发出相干辐射的光束。衍射光学元件(DOE)安装在外壳内,以将来自辐射源的射线接收并衍射成为包括多个衍射级的预定的图案。光学探测器被置于外壳内,以接收和检测DOE的所选择的衍射级的强度。
在一些实施方案中,所述光学探测器被配置为输出响应于所述强度的信号,以及所述设备包括控制器,该控制器被联接以用于接收和处理所述信号,以监控设备的性能。所述控制器通常被配置为当所述信号超出预定范围时,停止所述设备的运行。
在一个公开的实施方案中,所述辐射源包括激光二极管。
所选择的衍射级可以是DOE的零级,以及光学探测器可以被定位用于接收从DOE反射回来的所述零级。在一个实施方案中,DOE相对于由辐射源发出的光束的轴线呈倾斜状态,以将背反射的(back-reflected)零级指向光学探测器。
在另一个实施方案中,所选择的衍射级是DOE的高衍射级。通常,所述设备被配置为将图案投影在预定的角度范围内,且所述光学探测器被置于所述角度范围之外的角度处以接收传输通过DOE的射线。
根据本发明的实施方案,还提供了一种光学方法,其包括将相干辐射的光束传输穿过安装在外壳内的衍射光学元件(DOE),以将射线衍射成为包括多个衍射级的预定图案。通过使用位于外壳中的光学探测器检测DOE的所选择的衍射级的强度,监控DOE的性能。
根据本发明的实施方案,还提供了一种绘图设备,其包括投影配件,该投影配件包括:装置外壳;辐射源,其容纳在外壳之内,并被配置为发出相干辐射的光束;以及衍射光学元件(DOE),其安装在外壳内,以将来自辐射源的射线接收和衍射成为包括多个衍射级的预定图案。光学探测器被置于外壳内,以接收DOE的所选择的衍射级,并输出响应于该所选择的衍射级的强度的信号。成像配件被配置为捕获在目标上投影的所述图案的图像。处理电路配置为处理所述图像,以产生目标的三维(3D)绘图,以及处理所述信号以监控DOE的性能。
以下将结合附图,详细描述本发明的实施方案,通过该描述,将更充分地理解本发明。
附图说明
图1是根据本发明的实施方案,用于光学3D绘图的系统的示意图;
图2是根据本发明的实施方案的光学图案投影仪的示意性截面图;
图3A和3B分别是根据本发明的实施方案的用于光学图案投影仪的辐射源组件的示意性的截面图和俯视图;
图4是根据本发明的另一实施方案的光学图案投影仪的示意性截面图;以及
图5是根据本发明的实施方案的示意性示出了投影仪光束监控器的性能的图表。
具体实施方式
基于衍射光学元件(DOE)的光学投影仪有时会遭遇“零级问题”,该问题在上述美国专利公布文本2009/0185274中进行过描述:投影仪输入光束的一部分(衍射零级(zero diffraction order))可能无法被投影光学器件衍射,而是可能因此继续传输至投影体积(projectionvolume)。
DOE的“效率”是指与输入光束的能量相比,DOE所衍射的输入能量的测量值。这一效率会由于制造公差而在制造过程中发生变化。该效率也会因为各种原因而随投影仪的使用寿命和运行而发生变化,例如:
●进入投影仪的湿气可能凝结在DOE表面上,从而降低其效率。
●(在制造过程中所使用的)胶合剂的蒸汽可能附着至DOE,并降低其性能。
●由于故障或误操作产生的过量的热量可能使DOE变形并降低其效率。
这种效率变化和与之伴随的零级强度(intensity)的增强都将危及系统的性能,并可能产生各种其他的不期望的后果。
下文所描述的本发明的实施方案通过将集成光学探测器形式的内置的光束监控器纳入基于DOE的投影仪中来解决此问题。所述探测器信号可以通过控制器持续地或间歇地被监控,以估算DOE的效率,并在信号超出一特定安全范围时,停止投影仪的运行。因此,这样的实施方案避免了在DOE效率随投影仪的使用寿命的增长而降低后所可能引起的用户视力的安全隐患。
在所公开的实施方案中,光学设备包括辐射源,其容纳在装置外壳中,并配置为发出相干辐射的光束。所述辐射源可以包括例如激光二极管,并可以发出可见、红外或紫外线范围(所述的光谱区域被概括地称之为“光”)的辐射。安装在外壳内的DOE将来自辐射源的射线衍射成为包括多个衍射级的预定的图案。光学探测器(诸如光电二极管)被置于外壳内,以接收和检测DOE的所选择的衍射级的强度。所述“所选择的衍射级”可以被独立地检测,或者可替代地也可以与一个或多个相邻衍射级一起被检测。
不同的实施方案中可以具有不同的探测配置。例如,探测器可以直接检测DOE的零级(为了不干扰投影图案,通常是反射零级)。可替代地,探测器可以检测通过DOE传输的高衍射级,该衍射级的角度通常位于投影图案本身之外。本文中的“高衍射级”是指至少第二衍射级,或也可能是第三、第四或更高的衍射级。
虽然下文描述的实施方案特别涉及光学图案投影的应用,并具体关于三维(3D)绘图的应用,这些实施方案的原理可以类似地被应用于其他应用,只要这些应用需要监控DOE的衍射性能。
系统描述
图1是根据本发明的实施方案,用于光学3D绘图的系统10的示意图。在PCT国际公布文本WO2007/043036、WO2007/105205、WO2008/120217以及WO2010/004542中,描述了在此类系统中用于基于投影图案的3D绘图的方法和系统,所述公布文本的公开内容以引证方式在此纳入。
系统10包括成像装置12,该成像装置12包括投影配件14,该配件产生图案并将其投影至一个区域。(在图示的实施例中,所述区域包括系统的用户。)这类的投影配件的可能的设计和运行的细节在后续图示中示出,并将在下文中参考这些图示来进行描述。装置12中的图像捕获配件16捕获了呈现给用户的图案的图像。图像处理器18处理由装置12产生的图像数据,以重建用户的3D绘图,如前述的PCT公布文本中所阐释的。虽然为了简明起见,图1示出的处理器18是作为与成像装置12相分立的单元,但是处理器18的一些或所有处理功能可以通过成像装置12的外罩内的或以其他方式与成像装置相关联的嵌入式控制器和/或其他适合的专用电路执行。
由处理器18产生的3D绘图可以用于不同目的的广泛范围。例如,所述绘图可以用于提供基于手势的用户界面,其中通过装置12探测的用户运动控制了交互式的计算机应用程序,诸如游戏。可替代地,系统20还可以用于其中需要3D坐标轮廓的基本所有的应用。
如图1所示,投影配件14将射线投向用户,一部分所述射线可能进入用户的眼睛。当使用相干辐射(其优点是具有较高的亮度和效率,尤其是在与DOE结合时)进行投影时,重要的是确保零级分量不会超过眼睛的安全限度。前述美国专利申请公布文本2009/0185274以及递交于2010年7月21日的美国专利申请12/840,312--其公开内容以引证方式在此纳入--描述了用于降低零级强度的光学设计。不过,为了确保零级强度保持在允许的限度内,监控投影仪的性能也是需要的。
实施例I
图2是根据本发明的实施方案的光学图案投影仪的示意性截面图。该投影仪可以取代配件14(图1)而安装和使用在装置12中。投影仪20包括辐射源组件22,其包括激光二极管以及监控光电二极管,它们将参考图3A和3B在后文中得到详细描述。组件22安装在基座24上,并与投影仪20的其他部件一起被容纳在装置外壳26中。这些部件包括准直透镜(collimating lens)28和DOE 30。
图3A和3B分别是辐射源组件22的示意性的截面图和俯视图。激光二极管40--其通常发出红外辐射--安装在子座(submount)42上,该子座被固定至壳座(package stem)44上,该壳座44位于“管壳(can)”46内,诸如标准TO-56管壳。激光二极管通过管壳的上侧的窗48发出射线。监控光电二极管(MPD)50形式的光学探测器在激光二极管下方被安装在所述管壳内。
返回参考图2,激光二极管40发出射线的输出光束32,其通过透镜28校准。DOE 30衍射所述校准光束以生成包括多个衍射级的图案,所述图案通过外壳26的出射窗34投影出来。所述投影光束包括某些零级分量(DOE可以被设计为使所述零级分量最小化)。所述零级分量的一部分从DOE被反射回外壳26。这一部分在图示中被标记为反射光束36。
为了使得MPD 50能够检测这种反射的零级分量,DOE 30可以相对于光束32的轴线略微倾斜。通常,为了本实施方案的目的,2-3°的倾斜即足够了(所述角度在图2中出于显示清晰的目的被夸大了)。这样的倾斜对于投影图案并不产生显著影响,但将使得反射光束36相对于输出光束32发生偏移,从而投向MPD 50。所述MPD响应于反射光束的强度,经由连接器38输出一个信号(所述连接器上的其他引脚可以用于提供激光二极管的驱动电流。)。MPD检测到的强度可以包括一个或多个相邻、更高衍射级的分量。可替代地,MPD也可以被放置为检测一个或多个更高衍射级的反射,而不检测零衍射级,且所述更高衍射级的强度可以提供如下文的实施例II中的衍射效率的指示。
诸如处理器18(图1)之类的控制器监控MPD信号。如果信号水平增加至超过某个阈值水平,则控制器可以确定投影仪的零级强度增加了。所述控制器可以接着--通常通过降低或关闭激光二极管40的驱动电流--停止投影仪20的运行,以确保该强度不超过允许的安全限度。附加地或可替代地,控制器可以对投影仪操作者发出一个警告,或采取其他适合的措施。
在图3A和3B示出的MPD 50的位置,MPD接收的不仅是反射光束36,还有来自激光二极管40的发射后瓣(back-lobe emission)。在这一配置中,MPD既可以用于监控零级强度的增加,也可以用于监控由于激光二极管随时间的老化而产生的总强度的降低。如果MPD信号增大,控制器将如上所述,停止投影仪的运行。另一方面,在MPD信号减小的情况下,控制器可以增加激光二极管的驱动电流,以维持投影仪的期望输出强度。
此外,如果不需要激光二极管40的后瓣监控,MPD 50可以被移动至远离激光二极管,例如在图3A示出的图示中进一步向右移动。
实施例II
图4是根据本发明的另一实施方案的光学图案投影仪60的示意性截面图。投影仪60及其部件与投影仪20的运行相似,其不同之处在于,在投影仪60中,光学探测器并不直接监控零级强度,而是通过检测DOE传输的一个或多个高衍射级的强度来进行监控。
投影仪60包括辐射源组件62,其通常包括激光二极管,但可以包括或不包括监控光电二极管。组件62安装在基座64上,并与投影仪20的其他部件一起被包括在装置外壳66中,所述其他部件包括准直透镜68和DOE 70。由DOE 70生成的图案通过出射窗72被投影,所述出射窗限定了投影图案的角度范围。
监控光电二极管(MPD)74通常在投影图案的角度范围之外的角度处检测DOE 70生成的一个或多个高衍射级。这些更高衍射级通常在投影仪的视区之外,且在DOE的效率开始降低时,它们通常将首先减小。换言之,如果DOE的衍射效率减小了,通过MPD 74检测的高衍射级衍射射线将同样减小。这种减小通常伴随着零级强度的增大。因此,如果控制器(诸如处理器18)从MPD 74接收的信号降低至小于所允许的水平,则控制器将停止激光二极管的驱动电流,如上所述。
图5是根据本发明的实施方案的示意性示出了投影仪60的MPD 74监控函数的性能的图表。所述图表示出了实验结果,其中:横轴对应于所测量的从投影仪60发出的零级光学功率;纵轴对应于与基线值相比,从MPD 74输出的电流信号的减少。该图表显示了,MPD信号的减小是零级强度增加的可靠指示。当MPD信号降低至低于某个允许的范围的时候,控制器可以确认,零级强度产生了具有危险性的增加,并可以接着采取必要的措施以停止投影仪的运行。
虽然所述实施方案仅涉及特定的具体投影仪配置和这些投影仪的特定应用,用于监控特定衍射级的集成光学探测器可以类似地被用在其他配置和应用中。因此应认识到的是,上述的实施方案仅以实施例的方式被引述,本发明并不限于上文中被特别示出和描述的内容。相反,本发明的范围包括上文所述的各种特征的结合和子结合,以及现有技术中未公开的、本领域普通技术人员在阅读上述描述之后能够想到的所述特征的改变和修改。
Claims (11)
1.一种光学设备,包括:
装置外壳;
辐射源,其被容纳在外壳中,并配置为发出相干辐射的光束;
衍射光学元件DOE,其安装在外壳内,以将来自所述辐射源的射线接收并衍射成为包括多个衍射级的预定的图案;以及
光学探测器,其被置于所述外壳内,以接收和检测DOE的高衍射级的强度,所述DOE的高衍射级包括DOE的至少第二衍射级或更高的衍射级。
2.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述光学探测器被配置为输出响应于所述强度的信号;并包括控制器,该控制器被联接用于接收和处理所述信号,以监控所述设备的性能。
3.根据权利要求2所述的设备,其中所述控制器被配置为当所述信号超出预定范围时,停止所述设备的运行。
4.根据权利要求1所述的设备,其中所述辐射源包括激光二极管。
5.根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的设备,其中所述设备被配置为将图案投影在预定的角度范围内,且其中所述光学探测器被放置为在所述角度范围之外的角度处接收传输通过DOE的射线。
6.一种光学方法,包括:
将相干辐射的光束传输穿过安装在外壳内的衍射光学元件DOE,以将射线衍射成为包括多个衍射级的预定图案;以及
通过使用位于外壳中的光学探测器检测DOE的高衍射级的强度,监控所述DOE的性能,所述DOE的高衍射级包括DOE的至少第二衍射级或更高的衍射级。
7.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中监控所述性能包括生成响应于所述强度的信号,以及处理该信号以监控所述性能。
8.根据权利要求7所述的方法,其中还包括当所述信号超出预定范围时,停止所述光束。
9.根据权利要求6所述的方法,其中所述辐射源包括激光二极管。
10.根据权利要求6-9中任一项所述的方法,其中所述DOE被配置为将图案投影在预定的角度范围内,且其中监控所述性能包括在所述角度范围之外的角度处接收和测量传输通过DOE的射线。
11.一种绘图设备,包括:
投影配件,其包括:
装置外壳;
辐射源,其容纳在外壳之内,并被配置为发出相干辐射的光束;
衍射光学元件DOE,其安装在外壳内,以将来自辐射源的射线接收和衍射成为包括多个衍射级的预定图案;以及
光学探测器,其被置于所述外壳内,以接收DOE的高衍射级,并输出响应于该高衍射级的强度的信号,所述DOE的高衍射级包括DOE的至少第二衍射级或更高的衍射级;
成像配件,其被配置为捕获在目标上投影的所述图案的图像;以及
处理电路,其被配置为处理所述图像,以产生目标的三维(3D)绘图,以及处理所述信号以监控DOE的性能。
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