CN102047467A - 用于起动器电池的防爆结构 - Google Patents

用于起动器电池的防爆结构 Download PDF

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CN102047467A
CN102047467A CN200980120334XA CN200980120334A CN102047467A CN 102047467 A CN102047467 A CN 102047467A CN 200980120334X A CN200980120334X A CN 200980120334XA CN 200980120334 A CN200980120334 A CN 200980120334A CN 102047467 A CN102047467 A CN 102047467A
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CN102047467B (zh
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H·文茨尔
G·尼迈尔
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Froetek Vermoegensverwaltung GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/102Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by their shape or physical structure
    • H01M50/112Monobloc comprising multiple compartments
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/30Arrangements for facilitating escape of gases
    • H01M50/383Flame arresting or ignition-preventing means
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/60Arrangements or processes for filling or topping-up with liquids; Arrangements or processes for draining liquids from casings
    • H01M50/673Containers for storing liquids; Delivery conduits therefor
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/10Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
    • H01M50/147Lids or covers
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02PCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P70/00Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
    • Y02P70/50Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Gas Exhaust Devices For Batteries (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)

Abstract

本发明涉及一种可充电的电池,具有一个或多个单元和设置在电极上方的空间,该空间通过电池盖封闭,其中至少在电极上方的空间通过开孔泡沫和/或具有蜂窝状结构的材料部分或完全填充。

Description

用于起动器电池的防爆结构
技术领域
本发明涉及一种可充电的电池,具有一个或多个单元和设置在电极或电解质水平面上方的空间,该空间通过电池盖封闭。
背景技术
出于不同的原因会以这样的方式发生电池爆炸,即位于单元内部的爆炸性气氛被点燃。对此的原因是外部的火源以及内部的火源。
为了吸收在电池内部形成的爆炸压力波,由DE 42 32 960已知,电池盖的下侧配设有由纤维材料构成的垫子。此外,由US 4,751,154已知,上部的空的电池空间用塑料泡沫填充,该塑料泡沫的可压缩性用于吸收爆炸的压力波。在此情况下已表明的是,这些已知的解决方案并非充分地减少内部爆炸。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,改进开头所述的类型的可充电的电池,使得可靠地吸收内部爆炸。
该目的根据本发明通过如下方式来解决:至少在电极上方的空间通过开孔泡沫和/或具有蜂窝状结构的材料部分或完全填充。
通过开孔泡沫或者敞开的蜂窝状结构以这样的方式吸收爆炸的压力波,即,压力达到孔/单元或蜂窝中,从而爆炸气体在那里被吸收并且压力波在时间上被延迟。由此显著地降低爆炸的作用,使得通常不会导致电池壁和盖被损坏。
特别有利的是,在电极上方的空间中,在最下面设置有一个由具有蜂窝状结构的材料构成的水平层,并且在它上面设置有一个由开孔泡沫构成的水平层。由此,爆炸的压力波穿过具有蜂窝的第一区域,该第一区域适于吸收较强的第一压力波,并且爆炸的压力波之后穿过开孔泡沫的第二区域,该第二区域消除变弱的压力波。
优选建议,泡沫和/或具有蜂窝状结构的材料由塑料、玻璃或陶瓷构成。有利的也是,在具有蜂窝状结构的材料中,蜂窝以小的彼此平行的、在两端敞开的小管的形式设置。在此情况下建议,在具有蜂窝状结构的材料中,蜂窝、尤其是形成蜂窝的小管以其纵轴线竖直地设置,以便在充电和放电时电解质可以竖直运动并且在单元中形成的气体可以从电解质逸出到在它上面的自由的空间中。
当泡沫是盖的整体的组成部分时,提供了对生产的极大简化。
附图说明
以下更为详细地阐述本发明的实施例。附图示出一个实施例的竖直剖视图。
具体实施方式
可充电的电池(蓄电池)具有一壳体1,该壳体的上侧通过一盖2封闭,该盖具有封闭塞3。壳体1包括多个并排的单元4,这些单元通过单元分隔壁5彼此分离。在各单元4的上端部和盖2之间存在填充空气的空间6。
在对这种电池充电时,单元4产生气体,该气体在具有含水的电解质的电池中主要由氢气和氧气构成,并且由此形成能爆炸的氢氧爆鸣气,该氢氧爆鸣气由于不同的原因而会点燃。
为了吸收氢氧爆鸣气爆炸的压力波,在未示出的第一实施例中,空间6通过开孔泡沫7或通过具有敞开的蜂窝状结构的材料8填充。在选择具有蜂窝状结构的材料时,该材料优选由小的、紧挨着并排的、竖直的、直的小管构成,这些小管的横截面是圆形的或多边形的并且这些小管在两端是敞开的。
在图中示出的实施方式中,空间6在其下半部中填充以具有敞开的蜂窝状结构的材料8,以便吸收第一压力波。位于它上面的第二半空间填充以开孔泡沫7,该开孔泡沫吸收变弱的压力波。
泡沫和/或具有蜂窝状结构的材料8由塑料、玻璃或陶瓷构成。蜂窝/小管的外径为2mm到10mm。优选地,泡沫7直接固定在盖2上并且尤其是是盖的整体的组成部分。
在根据本发明的建议中,所装入的材料7、8的弹性不起作用。由于这些材料的开孔结构和孔中的气体的爆炸,相对于爆炸波的可压缩性是微小的。
根据本发明的教导引起如下作用和优点:
电解质在电池下部区域中通过具有大孔和连接区域的开孔泡沫或垂直定向的蜂窝状结构的自由竖直的可运动性,使得电解质和气体可以几乎不受阻碍地竖直运动并且不由于毛细作用而遗留在泡沫中。压力波在侧向被蜂窝和孔的壁如此频繁地转向,使得压力波不突然地撞到外壁,而是随时间“耗散(verschmiert)”。朝向下部,电解质柱构成弹性元件,该弹性元件吸收并且在空间上分配随时间耗散的压力波。
在单元的上部区域中的开孔结构,使得可以吸收气体,并且只要需要也吸收电解质。在非常高的过载情况下,电解质由液体气体混合物构成。开孔泡沫吸收气体。附加地,当孔足够大时,也可以吸收电解质。通过开孔泡沫和/或蜂窝状结构而实现:由于自由的气体体积的减小和在强烈的过载时得到的压力提高,并不导致电解质从单元中排出。当开孔泡沫具有非常小的孔时,该开孔泡沫使气体在孔中不可能爆炸并且同时将来自下部区域的压力波在空间上和在时间上进一步分配,使得盖2仅受到小的机械负荷。当由于电解质-气体混合物的吸收而需要较粗大的孔结构时,则在此如下原理也起作用:孔划分爆炸区域并且减弱压力波。
对于制造过程重要的是,自由的气体空间6通过两种材料划分,它们可以在箱与盖之间的平面中分离地装入。以此方式可以保持电池的生产过程几乎不改变。明显有意义的是,将通过装入产生的自由空间保持得尽可能小。在生产技术上容易实现在电池制成之后大约1mm的高度。
为了控制电解质并且为了在生产时填充电解质,在盖2的区域中分区是可能的。在那里存在的气柱不能进一步减小。但通过塞的螺纹特别地增强了盖的该区域。
通过各下部的构件也可以附加地实现电极9的机械固定。这在电池受到机械负荷(工程机械等)的情况下是重要的选择。
通过下部的构件8的构型也可以实现的是,上升的气体得到不同的流动阻力。当流动阻力由于外部区域中的小开口而提高时,则由此开始电解质在外部区域中的向下运动。由此降低了酸层化危险。

Claims (7)

1.可充电的电池,具有一个或多个单元(4)和设置在电极上方的空间(6),该空间通过电池盖(2)封闭,其特征在于,至少在电极(4)上方的空间(6)通过开孔泡沫(7)和/或具有蜂窝状结构的材料(8)部分或者完全填充。
2.根据权利要求1所述的电池,其特征在于,在电极上方的空间(6)中,在最下面设置有一个由具有蜂窝状结构的材料(8)构成的水平层并且在它上面设置有一个由开孔泡沫(7)构成的水平层。
3.根据权利要求1或2所述的电池,其特征在于,泡沫(7)和/或具有蜂窝状结构的材料(8)由塑料、玻璃或陶瓷构成。
4.根据上述权利要求之一所述的电池,其特征在于,在具有蜂窝状结构的材料(8)中,蜂窝以小的彼此平行的、两侧敞开的小管的形式设置。
5.根据上述权利要求之一所述的电池,其特征在于,在具有蜂窝状结构的材料(8)中,蜂窝、尤其是形成蜂窝的小管以其纵轴线竖直地设置。
6.根据上述权利要求之一所述的电池,其特征在于,所述两个构件:泡沫(7)和材料(8)是分离的。
7.根据上述权利要求之一所述的电池,其特征在于,泡沫7是盖(2)的整体的组成部分。
CN200980120334XA 2008-08-30 2009-04-02 用于起动器电池的防爆结构 Expired - Fee Related CN102047467B (zh)

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DE102008045200.9 2008-08-30
DE102008045200A DE102008045200A1 (de) 2008-08-30 2008-08-30 Explosionsschutz für Starterbatterien
PCT/EP2009/002402 WO2010022803A1 (de) 2008-08-30 2009-04-02 Explosionsschutz für starterbatterien

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US (1) US8846244B2 (zh)
EP (1) EP2319106B1 (zh)
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DE (1) DE102008045200A1 (zh)
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CN114730959A (zh) * 2020-02-20 2022-07-08 宝马股份公司 空气挤出器、牵引电池、制造方法以及机动车

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CN114730959B (zh) * 2020-02-20 2024-04-26 宝马股份公司 空气挤出器、牵引电池、制造方法以及机动车

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US8846244B2 (en) 2014-09-30
JP2012501053A (ja) 2012-01-12
WO2010022803A1 (de) 2010-03-04
EP2319106A1 (de) 2011-05-11
KR101487912B1 (ko) 2015-02-04
EP2319106B1 (de) 2012-07-04
CN102047467B (zh) 2013-08-21
US20110183187A1 (en) 2011-07-28
KR20110044733A (ko) 2011-04-29
JP5314144B2 (ja) 2013-10-16
DE102008045200A1 (de) 2010-03-04

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