CN102046605A - 作为酪氨酸激酶调节剂用于治疗肿瘤的二氢吡唑衍生物 - Google Patents
作为酪氨酸激酶调节剂用于治疗肿瘤的二氢吡唑衍生物 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
式I化合物是酪氨酸激酶、特别是Met激酶的抑制剂,尤其可用于治疗肿瘤,其中R1、R2、R3、R3′、R4和D具有如权利要求1中所示的含义。
Description
发明背景
本发明的目的在于发现具有有价值的性质的新化合物,特别是可用于制备药剂的那些。
本发明涉及化合物和化合物的用途,其中激酶、特别是酪氨酸激酶和/或丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶的信号转导的抑制、调节和/或调控发挥作用,本发明还涉及包含这些化合物的药物组合物和这些化合物用于治疗激酶诱导的疾病的用途。具体而言,本发明涉及化合物和化合物的用途,其中Met激酶的信号转导的抑制、调节和/或调控发挥作用。
实现细胞调节的主要机制之一是通过跨膜胞外信号转导来进行的,该转导转而调控细胞内的生化路径。蛋白质磷酸化代表了一种过程,通过该过程胞内信号在分子与分子间传播,最终导致细胞应答。这些信号转导级联受到高度调节并且经常重叠,这一点可由存在许多蛋白激酶以及磷酸酶而看出。蛋白质磷酸化主要发生在丝氨酸、苏氨酸或酪氨酸残基上,因此已经按照其磷酸化位点的特异性对蛋白激酶进行了分类,即丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶和酪氨酸激酶。由于磷酸化是细胞内的这类遍在过程并且由于细胞表型主要受这些路径活性的影响,所以目前认为许多疾病状态和/或疾病可归因于激酶级联分子成分的异常活化或功能突变。因此,已经有大量的关注致力于表征这些蛋白质和能调控其活性的化合物(就综述而言,参见:Weinstein-Oppenheimer等人,Pharma.&.Therap.,2000,88,229-279)。
S.Berthou等人在Oncogene,第23卷,第31期,第5387-5393页(2004)中描述了受体酪氨酸激酶Met在人瘤形成中的作用和抑制HGF(肝细胞生长因子)依赖性Met活化的可能性。其中所述的抑制剂SU11274(一种吡咯-二氢吲哚化合物)可能适合于对抗癌症。J.G.Christensen等人在CancerRes.2003,63(21),7345-55中描述了另一种用于癌症治疗的Met-激酶抑制剂。H.Hov等人在Clinical Cancer Research第10卷,6686-6694(2004)中报导了用于对抗癌症的另一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂。化合物PHA-665752(一种吲哚衍生物)对抗HGF受体c-Met。其中还报导了HGF和Met对各种形式的癌症如多发性骨髓瘤的恶变过程有很大贡献。
因此,需要合成特异性地抑制、调节和/或调控酪氨酸激酶和/或丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶、特别是Met激酶的信号转导的小化合物,这是本发明的目的。
已经发现本发明的化合物及其盐具有非常有价值的药理学性质,同时具有良好的耐受性。
本发明特别涉及抑制、调节和/或调控Met激酶的信号转导的式I化合物、包含这些化合物的组合物和其用于在哺乳动物中治疗Met激酶-诱导的疾病和不适(complaints)的使用方法,如血管生成、癌症、肿瘤形成、生长和传播、动脉硬化、眼病如年龄诱发的黄斑变性、脉络膜新血管形成和糖尿病性视网膜病、炎性疾病、关节炎、血栓形成、纤维化、肾小球肾炎、神经变性、银屑病、再狭窄、伤口愈合、移植物排斥、代谢疾病和免疫系统疾病,还有自身免疫性疾病、硬化、糖尿病和血管疾病,还有不稳定性(instability)和渗透性(permeability)等。
可用Met激酶抑制剂治疗实体瘤,特别是快速生长的肿瘤。这些实体瘤包括单核细胞白血病、脑癌、泌尿生殖系统癌症、淋巴系统癌症、胃癌、喉癌和肺癌,包括肺腺癌和小细胞肺癌。
本发明涉及用于预防和/或治疗与失调的或紊乱的Met激酶活性相关的疾病的调节、调控或抑制Met激酶的方法。特别地,式I化合物还可用于治疗某些形式的癌症。式I化合物还可用于在某些现有的癌症化疗中提供相加或协同作用,和/或可用于恢复某些现有癌症化疗和放疗的功效。
式I化合物还可用于分离和研究Met激酶的活性或表达。此外,它们特别适合用在与失调的或紊乱的Met激酶活性相关的疾病的诊断方法中。
可以证实本发明的化合物在异种移植物肿瘤模型中具有体内抗增殖作用。对具有过度增殖性疾病的患者施用本发明的化合物,例如以便抑制肿瘤生长、减轻与淋巴组织增殖性疾病相关的炎症、抑制因组织修复导致的移植物排斥或神经损害等。本发明的化合物适合于预防或治疗目的。本文所用的术语“治疗”用于指预防疾病和治疗先前存在的病症。通过在发生明显疾病前施用本发明的化合物来预防增殖,例如预防肿瘤生长、预防转移性生长、减少与心血管手术相关的再狭窄等。或者,所述化合物用于通过稳定或改善患者的临床症状来治疗正在进行中的疾病。
宿主或患者可属于任何哺乳动物种类,例如灵长类,特别是人;啮齿类动物,包括小鼠、大鼠和仓鼠;兔;马;牛;狗;猫等。动物模型是实验研究所关注的,为人类疾病的治疗提供了模型。
可以通过体外试验测定特定细胞对用本发明的化合物进行处理的敏感性。通常,将细胞培养物与不同浓度的本发明的化合物合并足以使活性剂诱导细胞死亡或抑制迁移的一段时间,通常为约1小时至1周。可以使用来自活检样品的培养细胞进行体外测试。然后对处理后剩余的活细胞进行计数。
剂量根据所用的具体化合物、具体疾病、患者状态等的不同而改变。治疗剂量通常足以显著减少靶组织中不希望的细胞群,同时维持患者的生存力。治疗一般持续至出现明显的减轻,例如细胞负荷(cell burden)减少至少约50%,并且可以持续至在体内基本上不再检测到不希望的细胞。
为了鉴定信号转导路径和检测不同信号转导路径之间的相互作用,不同的科学家已经开发了适宜的模型或模型系统,例如细胞培养物模型(例如Khwaia等人,EMBO,1997,16,2783-93)和转基因动物模型(例如White等人,Oncogene,2001,20,7064-7072)。为了确定信号转导级联中的某些阶段,可以使用相互作用的化合物以便对信号进行调控(例如Stephens等人,Biochemical J.,2000,351,95-105)。在动物和/或细胞培养物模型中或在本申请所述的临床疾病中,本发明的化合物还可用作测试激酶依赖性信号转导路径的试剂。
测定激酶活性是本领域技术人员众所周知的技术。在文献(例如Campos-González,R.和Glenney,Jr.,J.R.1992,J.Biol.Chem.267,第14535页)中描述了使用底物如组蛋白(例如Alessi等人,FEBS Lett.1996,399,3,第333-338页)或碱性髓鞘蛋白测定激酶活性的通用试验系统。
为了鉴定激酶抑制剂,可利用各种测定系统。在亲近闪烁分析法(Sorg等人,J.of.Biomolecular Screening,2002,7,11-19)和闪板测定法中,使用γATP测定作为底物的蛋白质或肽的放射性磷酸化。在抑制性化合物存在下,可检测到减少的放射性信号或根本检测不到放射性信号。此外,均匀时间分辨荧光共振能量转移(HTR-FRET)和荧光偏振(FP)技术也适合用作测定方法(Sills等人,J.of Biomolecular Screening,2002,191-214)。
其它非放射性ELISA测定法使用特异性磷酸-抗体(磷酸-AB)。磷酸-AB仅结合磷酸化底物。可以根据化学发光使用过氧化物酶轭合的抗绵羊第二抗体检测这种结合(Ross等人,2002,Biochem.J.)。
存在许多与细胞增殖和细胞死亡(细胞凋亡)失调相关的疾病。所关注的病症包括但不限于以下。本发明的化合物适合用于治疗其中存在平滑肌细胞和/或炎性细胞增殖和/或迁移入血管内层、导致通过该血管的血流受限的多种病症,例如在新生内膜闭塞性损伤的情况中。所关注的闭塞性移植物血管疾病包括动脉粥样硬化、移植后的冠状动脉血管病、静脉移植物狭窄、吻合人造物周围再狭窄(peri-anastomatic prosthetic restenosis)、血管成形术或支架置入后再狭窄等。
现有技术
WO 2007/019933描述了作为Met激酶抑制剂的其它二氢吡唑衍生物。
其它用于对抗癌症的4,5-二氢吡唑还在WO 03/079973A2中有公开。
发明概述
本发明涉及式I化合物及其可药用的盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物:
其中:
R1表示Ar或Het;
R2表示H、A、Hal、OR3、N(R3)2、N=CR3N(R3)2、SR3、NO2、CN、COOR3、CON(R3)2、NR3COA、NR3SO2A、SO2N(R3)2、S(O)mA、Het、-[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、-[C(R3)2]nHet、O[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、O[C(R3)2]nHet、S[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、S[C(R3)2]nHet、-NR3[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、-NR3[C(R3)2]nHet、NHCON(R3)2、NHCONH[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、NHCONH[C(R3)2]nHet、NHCO[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、NHCO[C(R3)2]nHet、CON(R3)2、CONR3[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、CONR3[C(R3)2]nHet、COHet或COA;
R3、R3′表示H或A,
一起还表示具有2-5个C原子的亚烷基;
R4表示H、A或Hal;
D表示具有1至3个N、O和/或S原子的5或6元不饱和或芳族杂环,其可以是未取代的或者被Hal和/或A单、二或三取代;
A表示具有1-10个C原子的非支链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被OH、F、Cl和/或Br替换,和/或其中一个或两个CH2基团可以被O、NH、S、SO、SO2和/或CH=CH基团替换;
或
具有3-7个C原子的环状烷基;
Ar表示苯基、萘基或联苯基,它们各自是未取代的或者被Hal、A、OR3、N(R3)2、SR3、NO2、CN、COOR3、CON(R3)2、NR3COA、NR3SO2A、SO2N(R3)2和/或S(O)mA单、二或三取代;
Het表示具有1-4个N、O和/或S原子的单-、双-或三环饱和、不饱和或芳族杂环,它可以是未取代的或者被如下基团单、二或三取代:Hal、A、OR3、N(R3)2、SR3、NO2、CN、COOR3、CON(R3)2、NR3COA、NR3SO2A、SO2N(R3)2、S(O)mA、CO-Het1、Het1、[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、[C(R3)2]nHet1、O[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、O[C(R3)2]nHet1、NHCOOA、NHCON(R3)2、NHCOO[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、NHCOO[C(R3)2]nHet1、NHCONH[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、NHCONH[C(R3)2]nHet1、OCONH[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、OCONH[C(R3)2]nHet1、CO-Het1、CHO、COA、=S、=NH、=NA和/或=O(羰基氧);
Het1表示具有1-2个N和/或O原子的单环饱和杂环,它可以被A、OA、OH、Hal和/或=O(羰基氧)单或二取代;
Hal表示F、Cl、Br或I;
m表示0、1或2;
n表示1、2、3或4。
式I化合物还用于表示这些化合物的水合物和溶剂合物以及还有可药用的衍生物。
本发明还涉及这些化合物的旋光活性形式(立体异构体)、对映异构体、外消旋物、非对映异构体以及水合物和溶剂合物。化合物的溶剂合物用于指惰性溶剂分子加合至化合物上,其因它们的相互吸引力而形成。溶剂合物是例如一-或二-水合物或醇合物。
可药用的衍生物用于指例如本发明化合物的盐,还指所谓的前体药物化合物。
前体药物衍生物用于指利用例如烷基或酰基、糖或寡肽修饰的并且在生物体内快速裂解成本发明的有效化合物的式I化合物。它们还包括本发明化合物的生物可降解的聚合物衍生物,例如如Int.J.Pharm.115,61-67(1995)中所述。
表述“有效量”表示在组织、系统、动物或人中导致例如研究人员或医师所寻求或期望的生物学或医学响应的药剂或药学活性成分的量。此外,表述“治疗有效量”表示与相应的未接受该量的个体相比具有如下结果的量:疾病、综合征、病症、不适、障碍或副作用的改善的治疗、愈合、预防或消除,或者还有疾病、不适或障碍的进展的减少。术语“治疗有效量”还包括有效增加正常生理功能的量。
本发明还涉及式I化合物的混合物、例如两种非对映异构体的混合物、例如比例为1∶1、1∶2、1∶3、1∶4、1∶5、1∶10、1∶100或1∶1000的两种非对映异构体的混合物的用途。这些特别优选是立体异构体化合物的混合物。
本发明涉及式I化合物及其盐和制备权利要求1-12的式I化合物及其可药用的盐、互变异构体和立体异构体的方法,其特征在于:
a)对于制备其中R2表示Het的式I化合物,使式II化合物:
其中R1、R3、R3′、R4和D具有权利要求1中所示的含义;
与式III化合物反应,
X-R2 III
其中R2表示Het且X表示硼酸基团(boronic acid radical),
或者
b)对于制备其中R2表示O[C(R3)2]nHet的式I化合物,使式IV化合物:
其中R1、R3、R3′、R4和D具有权利要求1中所示的含义;
与式V化合物反应,
HO-R2 V,
其中R2表示O[C(R3)2]nHet,
或者
c)使式VI化合物
R1-CO-CH2-CH2-Cl VI
其中R1具有权利要求1中所示的含义;
与肼和式VI化合物反应,
其中R2、R3、R3′、R4和D具有权利要求1中所示的含义;
或者
d)通过使氨基被酰化或烷基化将基团R2转化成另一种基团R2:
或者
e)特征在于通过用溶剂解或氢解试剂进行处理使它们从其官能衍生物之一中释放出;
和/或
将式I的碱或酸转化成其盐之一。
除非另有明确说明,否则上下文中的基团D、R1、R2、R3、R3′和R4具有针对式I所给出的含义。
A表示烷基,是非支链(直链)或支链的,具有1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9或10个C原子。A优选表示甲基,还有乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲丁基或叔丁基,此外还有戊基,1-,2-或3-甲基丁基,1,1-、1,2-或2,2-二甲基丙基,1-乙基丙基,己基,1-、2-、3-或4-甲基戊基,1,1-、1,2-、1,3-、2,2-、2,3-或3,3-二甲基丁基,1-或2-乙基丁基,1-乙基-1-甲基丙基,1-乙基-2-甲基丙基,1,1,2-或1,2,2-三甲基丙基,此外还优选例如三氟甲基。
A非常特别优选表示具有1、2、3、4、5或6个C原子的烷基,优选甲基、乙基、丙基、异丙基、丁基、异丁基、仲-丁基、叔丁基、戊基、己基、三氟甲基、五氟乙基或1,1,1-三氟乙基。
环状烷基(环烷基)优选表示环丙基、环丁基、环戊基、环己基或环庚基。
R1优选表示Ar。
R2优选表示H、A、Het、-[C(R3)2]nHet或O[C(R3)2]nHet。
R4优选表示H。
Ar例如表示苯基,o-、m-或p-甲苯基,o-、m-或p-乙基苯基,o-、m-或p-丙基苯基,o-、m-或p-异丙基苯基,o-、m-或p-叔丁基苯基,o-、m-或p-羟基苯基,o-、m-或p-硝基苯基,o-、m-或p-氨基苯基,o-、m-或p-(N-甲基氨基)-苯基,o-、m-或p-(N-甲基氨基羰基)-苯基,o-、m-或p-乙酰氨基苯基,o-、m-或p-甲氧基苯基,o-、m-或p-乙氧基苯基,o-、m-或p-乙氧基羰基-苯基,o-、m-或p-(N,N-二甲基氨基)-苯基,o-、m-或p-(N,N-二甲基氨基羰基)-苯基,o-、m-或p-(N-乙基氨基)-苯基,o-、m-或p-(N,N-二乙基氨基)-苯基,o-、m-或p-氟苯基,o-、m-或p-溴苯基,o-、m-或p-氯苯基,o-、m-或p-(甲基磺酰氨基)-苯基,o-、m-或p-(甲磺酰基)-苯基,o-、m-或p-甲基硫基苯基,o-、m-或p-氰基苯基,o-、m-或p-羧基苯基,o-、m-或p-甲氧基羰基苯基,o-、m-或p-氨基磺酰基苯基,还优选2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二氟苯基,2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二氯苯基,2,3-、2,4-、2,5-、2,6-、3,4-或3,5-二溴苯基,2,4-或2,5-二硝基苯基,2,5-或3,4-二甲氧基苯基,3-硝基-4-氯苯基,3-氨基-4-氯-、2-氨基-3-氯-、2-氨基-4-氯-、2-氨基-5-氯-或2-氨基-6-氯苯基,2-硝基-4-N,N-二甲基氨基-或3-硝基-4-N,N-二甲基氨基苯基,2,3-二氨基苯基,2,3,4-、2,3,5-、2,3,6-、2,4,6-或3,4,5-三氯苯基,2,4,6-三甲氧基苯基,2-羟基-3,5-二氯苯基,p-碘苯基,3,6-二氯-4-氨基苯基,4-氟-3-氯苯基,2-氟-4-溴苯基,2,5-二氟-4-溴苯基,3-溴-6-甲氧基苯基,3-氯-6-甲氧基苯基,3-氯-4-乙酰氨基苯基,3-氟-4-甲氧基苯基,3-氨基-6-甲基苯基,3-氯-4-乙酰氨基苯基或2,5-二甲基-4-氯苯基。
Ar特别优选表示未取代或被Hal和/或CN单、二或三取代的苯基。
无论进一步的取代如何,Het表示例如2-或3-呋喃基,2-或3-噻吩基,1-、2-或3-吡咯基,1-、2-、4-或5-咪唑基,1-、3-、4-或5-吡唑基,2-、4-或5-唑基,3-、4-或5-异唑基,2-、4-或5-噻唑基,3-、4-或5-异噻唑基,2-、3-或4-吡啶基,2-、4-、5-或6-嘧啶基,还优选1,2,3-三唑-1-、-4-或-5-基,1,2,4-三唑-1-、-3-或5-基,1-或5-四唑基,1,2,3-二唑-4-或-5-基,1,2,4-二唑-3-或-5-基,1,3,4-噻二唑-2-或-5-基,1,2,4-噻二唑-3-或-5-基,1,2,3-噻二唑-4-或-5-基,3-或4-哒嗪基,吡嗪基,1-、2-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-吲哚基,4-或5-异吲哚基,吲唑基,1-、2-、4-或5-苯并咪唑基,1-、3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并吡唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并唑基,3-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并异唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并噻唑基,2-、4-、5-、6-或7-苯并异噻唑基,4-、5-、6-或7-苯并-2,1,3-二唑基,2-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-喹啉基,1-、3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-异喹啉基,3-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-噌啉基,2-、4-、5-、6-、7-或8-喹唑啉基,5-或6-喹喔啉基,2-、3-、5-、6-、7-或8-2H-苯并-1,4-嗪基,还优选1,3-苯并二氧杂环戊烯-5-基,1,4-苯并二烷-6-基,2,1,3-苯并噻二唑-4-或-5-基、2,1,3-苯并二唑-5-基或者二苯并呋喃基。
杂环基还可以是部分或完全氢化的。
因此,无论进一步的取代如何,Het、Het1和Het2还可以表示例如2,3-二氢-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-呋喃基,2,5-二氢-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-呋喃基,四氢-2-或-3-呋喃基,1,3-二氧戊环-4-基,四氢-2-或-3-噻吩基,2,3-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-吡咯基,2,5-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-吡咯基,1-、2-或3-吡咯烷基,四氢-1-、-2-或-4-咪唑基,2,3-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-或-5-吡唑基,四氢-1-、-3-或-4-吡唑基,1,4-二氢-1-、-2-、-3-或-4-吡啶基,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-或-6-吡啶基,1-、2-、3-或4-哌啶基,2-、3-或4-吗啉基,四氢-2-、-3-或-4-吡喃基,1,4-二烷基,1,3-二烷-2-、-4-或-5-基,六氢-1-、-3-或-4-哒嗪基,六氢-1-、-2-、-4-或-5-嘧啶基,1-、2-或3-哌嗪基,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-、-7-或-8-喹啉基,1,2,3,4-四氢-1-、-2-、-3-、-4-、-5-、-6-、-7-或-8-异喹啉基,2-、3-、5-、6-、7-或8-3,4-二氢-2H-苯并-1,4-嗪基,还优选2,3-亚甲二氧基苯基,3,4-亚甲二氧基苯基,2,3-亚乙二氧基苯基,3,4-亚乙二氧基苯基,3,4-(二氟亚甲二氧基)苯基,2,3-二氢-苯并呋喃-5-或6-基,2,3-(2-氧代亚甲二氧基)-苯基或还有3,4-二氢-2H-1,5-苯并二氧杂环庚三烯-6-或-7-基,还优选2,3-二氢苯并呋喃基,2,3-二氢-2-氧代呋喃基,3,4-二氢-2-氧代-1H-喹唑啉基,2,3-二氢苯并唑基,2-氧代-2,3-二氢苯并唑基,2,3-二氢苯并咪唑基,1,3-二氢吲哚,2-氧代-1,3-二氢吲哚,或2-氧代-2,3-二氢苯并咪唑基。
Het特别优选表示具有1至4个N、O和/或S原子的单环饱和、不饱和或芳族杂环,其可以是未取代的或者被A和/或[C(R3)2]nHet1单、二或三取代。
Het非常特别优选表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、唑烷基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、唑基、二唑基、咪唑基、吡咯基、异唑基或咪唑烷基,其中所述基团还可以被A和/或[C(R3)2]nHet1单或二取代。
无论进一步的取代如何,D表示例如噻唑二基、噻吩二基、呋喃二基、吡咯二基、唑二基、异唑二基、二唑二基、吡唑二基、咪唑二基、噻二唑二基、哒嗪二基、吡嗪二基、吡啶二基或嘧啶二基,其中所述基团还可以被Hal和/或A单、二或三取代。
Hal优选表示F、Cl或Br,但也可以是I,特别优选是F或Cl。
在本发明通篇中,所有出现一次以上的基团可以相同或不同,即它们是彼此独立的。
式I化合物可以具有一个或多个手性中心,因此可以以多种立体异构体形式出现。式I包括所有这些形式。
因此,本发明特别涉及其中所述基团中至少一个具有上述优选含义之一的式I化合物。化合物的一些优选的集合可以由以下的亚式Ia至Ij表示,它们符合式I并且其中未更详细指定的基团具有针对式I所示的含义,但其中:
在Ia中,R1表示Ar;
在Ib中,R2表示H、A、Het、-[C(R3)2]nHet或O[C(R3)2]nHet;
在Ic中,Ar表示被Hal和/或CN单、二或三取代的苯基;
在Id中,A表示具有1-6个C原子的非支链或支链烷基;
在Ie中,R4表示H;
在If中,D表示噻唑二基、噻吩二基、呋喃二基、吡咯二基、唑二基、异唑二基、二唑二基、吡唑二基、咪唑二基、噻二唑二基、哒嗪二基、吡嗪二基、吡啶二基或嘧啶二基;其中所述基团还可以被Hal和/或A单、二或三取代;
在Ig中,Het表示具有1-4个N、O和/或S原子的单环饱和、不饱和或芳族杂环,其可以是未取代的或者被A和/或[C(R3)2]nHet1单、二或三取代;
在Ih中,Het表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、唑烷基、吡唑基、吡啶基、嘧啶基、呋喃基、噻吩基、唑基、二唑基、咪唑基、吡咯基、异唑基或咪唑烷基,其中所述基团还可以被A和/或[C(R3)2]nHet1单或二取代;
在Ii中,Het1表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、唑烷基或咪唑烷基,其中所述基团还可以被=O和/或A单或二取代;
在Ij中,R1表示Ar,
R2表示H、A、Het、-[C(R3)2]nHet或O[C(R3)2]nHet;
R3、R3′表示H或A,
一起还表示具有2-5个C原子的亚烷基;
R4表示H,
A表示具有1-6个C原子的非支链或支链烷基,
Ar表示被Hal和/或CN单、二或三取代的苯基,
Het表示具有1-4个N、O和/或S原子的单环饱和、不饱和或芳族杂环,其可以是未取代的或者被A和/或[C(R3)2]nHet1单、二或三取代,
Hal表示F、Cl、Br或I,
n表示1、2、3或4,
及其可药用的盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物。
此外,还通过本身已知的方法如文献(例如在标准著作如Houben-Weyl,Methoden der organischen Chemie[有机化学方法],Georg-Thieme-Verlag,Stuttgart)中所述的那些、准确地在已知的且适合于所述反应的反应条件下制备式I化合物以及用于制备它们的原料。在此也可以使用在此未更详细提及的本身已知的变通形式。
优选式I化合物可以通过使式II化合物与式III化合物反应而获得。该反应在如对于铃木(Suzuki)反应而言本领域技术人员已知的条件下进行。
式II和III的原料化合物通常是已知的。然而,如果它们是新的,那么可以通过本身已知的方法制备它们。在式III化合物中,X优选表示
该反应在铃木(Suzuki)偶联的标准条件下进行。根据所用的条件,反应时间为数分钟至14天,反应温度为约-30°至140°、通常为0°至100°、特别是约60°至约90°。
适宜的惰性溶剂例如有:烃类,如己烷、石油醚、苯、甲苯或二甲苯;氯化烃类,如三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、氯仿或二氯甲烷;醇类,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正-丙醇、正-丁醇或叔丁醇;醚类,如乙醚、二异丙基醚、四氢呋喃(THF)或二烷;乙二醇醚类,如乙二醇单甲醚或单乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚(二甘醇二甲醚);酮类,如丙酮或丁酮;酰胺类,如乙酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);腈类,如乙腈;亚砜类,如二甲亚砜(DMSO);二硫化碳;羧酸类,如甲酸或乙酸;硝基化合物,如硝基甲烷或硝基苯;酯类,如乙酸乙酯,或所述溶剂的混合物。特别优选二甲氧基乙烷。
而且,优选式I化合物可以通过使式IV化合物与式V化合物反应而获得。式IV和V的原料化合物通常是已知的。然而,如果它们是新的,那么可以通过本身已知的方法制备它们。根据所用的条件,反应时间为数分钟至14天,反应温度为约-30°至140°、通常为0°至100°、特别是约60°至约90°。适宜的惰性溶剂例如有:烃类,如己烷、石油醚、苯、甲苯或二甲苯;氯化烃类,如三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、氯仿或二氯甲烷;醇类,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正-丙醇、正-丁醇或叔丁醇;醚类,如乙醚、二异丙基醚、四氢呋喃(THF)或二烷;乙二醇醚类,如乙二醇单甲醚或单乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚(二甘醇二甲醚);酮类,如丙酮或丁酮;酰胺类,如乙酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);腈类,如乙腈;亚砜类,如二甲亚砜(DMSO);二硫化碳;羧酸类,如甲酸或乙酸;硝基化合物,如硝基甲烷或硝基苯;酯类,如乙酸乙酯,或所述溶剂的混合物。特别优选THF。
而且,优选式I化合物可以通过使式VI化合物与式VII化合物反应而获得。式VI和VII的原料化合物通常是已知的。然而,如果它们是新的,那么可以通过本身已知的方法制备它们。根据所用的条件,反应时间为数分钟至14天,反应温度为约-30°至140°、通常为0°至100°、特别是约60°至约90°。适宜的惰性溶剂例如有:烃类,如己烷、石油醚、苯、甲苯或二甲苯;氯化烃类,如三氯乙烯、1,2-二氯乙烷、四氯化碳、氯仿或二氯甲烷;醇类,如甲醇、乙醇、异丙醇、正-丙醇、正-丁醇或叔丁醇;醚类,如乙醚、二异丙基醚、四氢呋喃(THF)或二烷;乙二醇醚类,如乙二醇单甲醚或单乙醚、乙二醇二甲醚(二甘醇二甲醚);酮类,如丙酮或丁酮;酰胺类,如乙酰胺、二甲基乙酰胺或二甲基甲酰胺(DMF);腈类,如乙腈;亚砜类,如二甲亚砜(DMSO);二硫化碳;羧酸类,如甲酸或乙酸;硝基化合物,如硝基甲烷或硝基苯;酯类,如乙酸乙酯,或所述溶剂的混合物。
还能够通过将基团R2转化成另一种基团R2将式I化合物转化成另一种式I化合物,例如通过将硝基还原为氨基(例如通过在阮内镍或Pd/碳上在惰性溶剂如甲醇或乙醇中氢化)。
而且,可以按照常规方式,使用酰氯或酸酐使游离氨基酰化或者使用未取代或取代的烷基卤使其烷基化,上述反应有利地在惰性溶剂如二氯甲烷或THF中和/或在碱如三乙胺或吡啶的存在下、在-60°至+30°的温度下进行。
式I化合物还可以通过经溶剂解、特别是水解或经氢解从其官能衍生物中释放出而获得。
优选的用于溶剂解或氢解的原料是含有相应的被保护氨基和/或羟基而非一个或多个游离氨基和/或羟基的那些,优选是携带氨基保护基而非H原子与N原子键合的那些,例如符合式I、但是含有NHR’基团(其中R’为氨基保护基如BOC或CBZ)而非NH2基团的那些。
还优选携带羟基保护基而非羟基的H原子的原料,例如符合式I、但含有R”O-苯基(其中R”为羟基保护基)而非羟基-苯基的那些。
在原料分子中还能够存在多个相同或不同的被保护的氨基和/或羟基。如果所存在的保护基彼此不同,那么它们在许多情况中可以被选择性地裂解出。
术语“氨基保护基”在通用术语中是已知的,其涉及适于保护(阻断)氨基避免发生化学反应、但是在预期化学反应已经在分子的其它处进行后易于除去的基团。典型的这类基团特别是未取代或取代的酰基、芳基、芳烷氧基甲基或芳烷基。由于氨基保护基在预期反应(或反应序列)后被除去,所以其类型和大小并不是关键的;然而,优选具有1-20个、特别是1-8个碳原子的那些。应当在本发明的方法的最广泛意义上理解术语“酰基”。它包括衍生自脂族、芳脂族、芳族和杂环羧酸或磺酸的酰基以及特别是烷氧羰基、芳氧羰基且尤其是芳烷氧羰基。这类酰基的实例有:烷酰基,如乙酰基、丙酰基和丁酰基;芳烷酰基,如苯基乙酰基;芳酰基,如苯甲酰基和甲苯基;芳氧基烷酰基,如POA;烷氧羰基,如甲氧羰基、乙氧羰基、2,2,2-三氯乙氧羰基、BOC和2-碘乙氧羰基;芳烷氧羰基,如CBZ(“苄氧羰基”)、4-甲氧基苄氧羰基和FMOC;和芳基磺酰基,如Mtr、Pbf和Pmc。优选的氨基保护基为BOC和Mtr,还有CBZ、Fmoc、苄基和乙酰基。
术语“羟基保护基”同样在通用术语中是已知的,其涉及适于保护羟基避免发生化学反应、但是在预期化学反应已经在分子的其它处进行后易于除去的基团。典型的这类基团有上文述及的未取代或取代的芳基、芳烷基或酰基,此外还有烷基。由于羟基保护基在预期反应或反应序列后再被除去,所以其性质和大小并不是关键的;优选具有1-20个、特别是1-10个碳原子的那些。羟基保护基的实例尤其有叔丁氧羰基、苄基、对硝基苯甲酰基、对甲苯磺酰基、叔丁基和乙酰基,其中特别优选苄基和叔丁基。天冬氨酸和谷氨酸中的COOH基团优选以其叔丁酯的形式被保护(例如Asp(OBut))。
例如采用强酸、有利地采用TFA或高氯酸,但是还可以采用其它无机强酸如盐酸或硫酸、强的有机羧酸如三氯乙酸或磺酸如苯磺酸或对甲苯磺酸,使式I化合物从其官能衍生物中释放出(取决于所用的保护基)。存在另外的惰性溶剂是可能的,但并非始终是必需的。适宜的惰性溶剂优选是有机溶剂,例如:羧酸,如乙酸;醚类,如四氢呋喃或二烷;酰胺类,如DMF;卤代烃类,如二氯甲烷;还有醇类,如甲醇、乙醇或异丙醇;和水。上述溶剂的混合物也是适宜的。优选使用过量的TFA并且不添加另外的溶剂,高氯酸优选以乙酸与70%高氯酸的比例为9∶1的混合物形式使用。用于裂解的反应温度有利地为约0°至约50°、优选15°至30°(室温)。
BOC、OBut、Pbf、Pmc和Mtr基团可以例如优选使用TFA在二氯甲烷中或使用约3-5N HCl在二烷中的溶液在15-30°裂解出,FMOC基团可以在15-30°使用二甲胺、二乙胺或哌啶在DMF中的约5-50%溶液裂解出。
采用三苯甲基来保护氨基酸组氨酸、天冬酰胺、谷氨酰胺和半胱氨酸。使用TFA/10%苯硫酚来裂解它们(这取决于所需的终产物),其中三苯甲基从所有所述的氨基酸中被裂解出;当使用TFA/茴香醚或TFA/茴香硫醚时,仅His、Asn和Gln的三苯甲基被裂解出,而在Cys侧链上其被保留。采用Pbf(五甲基苯并呋喃基)来保护Arg。它通过采用例如TFA在二氯甲烷中被裂解出。
例如,可通过氢解除去的保护基(如CBZ或苄基)可以例如通过用氢在催化剂(例如贵金属催化剂如钯,有利地在载体如碳上)的存在下处理来裂解出。此处适宜的溶剂为上述的那些,特别是例如醇类,如甲醇或乙醇;或酰胺类,如DMF。氢解通常在约0-100°的温度和约1-200巴的压力下、优选20-30°和1-10巴下进行。CBZ基团的氢解非常成功,例如在5-10%Pd/C上、在甲醇中或者采用甲酸铵(而非氢)在Pd/C上、在甲醇/DMF中于20-30°下非常成功。
药用盐和其它形式
本发明所述的化合物可以以其最终的非盐形式使用。另一方面,本发明还包括这些化合物的可药用盐形式的使用,所述可药用盐可以通过本领域已知的操作步骤由各种有机和无机酸和碱衍生得到。式I化合物的可药用盐形式大部分是通过常规方法制备的。如果式I化合物含有羧基,则其适宜的盐之一可通过使该化合物与适宜的碱反应从而产生相应的碱加成盐来形成。这类碱有例如碱金属氢氧化物,包括氢氧化钾、氢氧化钠和氢氧化锂;碱土金属氢氧化物,如氢氧化钡和氢氧化钙;碱金属醇盐,例如乙醇钾和丙醇钠;和各种有机碱,如哌啶、二乙醇胺和N-甲基-谷氨酰胺。也包括式I化合物的铝盐。就某些式I化合物而言,可以通过用可药用有机和无机酸处理这些化合物来形成酸加成盐,例如卤化氢,如氯化氢、溴化氢或碘化氢;其它无机酸及其相应的盐,如硫酸盐、硝酸盐或磷酸盐等;和烷基-和单芳基-磺酸盐,如乙磺酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和苯磺酸盐;和其它有机酸及其相应的盐,如乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、酒石酸盐、马来酸盐、琥珀酸盐、柠檬酸盐、苯甲酸盐、水杨酸盐、抗坏血酸盐等。因此,式I化合物的可药用酸加成盐包括以下盐:乙酸盐、己二酸盐、藻酸盐、精氨酸盐、天冬氨酸盐、苯甲酸盐、苯磺酸盐(苯基磺酸盐)、硫酸氢盐、亚硫酸氢盐、溴化物、丁酸盐、樟脑酸盐、樟脑磺酸盐、辛酸盐、氯化物、氯苯甲酸盐、柠檬酸盐、环戊烷丙酸盐、二葡糖酸盐、磷酸二氢盐、二硝基苯甲酸盐、十二烷基硫酸盐、乙磺酸盐、富马酸盐、半乳糖二酸盐(得自粘酸)、半乳糖醛酸盐、葡庚糖酸盐、葡糖酸盐、谷氨酸盐、甘油磷酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、半硫酸盐、庚酸盐、己酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、氢碘酸盐、2-羟基乙磺酸盐、碘化物、羟乙基磺酸盐、异丁酸盐、乳酸盐、乳糖酸盐、苹果酸盐、马来酸盐、丙二酸盐、扁桃酸盐、偏磷酸盐、甲磺酸盐、甲基苯甲酸盐、磷酸一氢盐、2-萘磺酸盐、烟酸盐、硝酸盐、草酸盐、油酸盐、扑姆酸盐(palmoate)、果胶酸盐、过硫酸盐,苯基乙酸盐、3-苯基丙酸盐、磷酸盐、膦酸盐、邻苯二甲酸盐,但这不代表限于此。
此外,本发明化合物的碱盐包括铝盐、铵盐、钙盐、铜盐、铁(lll)盐、铁(ll)盐、锂盐、镁盐、锰(lll)盐、锰(ll)盐、钾盐、钠盐和锌盐,但这不代表限于此。在上述盐中,优选铵盐;碱金属盐钠盐和钾盐,以及碱土金属盐钙盐和镁盐。衍生自可药用有机无毒碱的式I化合物的盐包括以下物质的盐:伯、仲和叔胺、被取代的胺,还包括天然存在的被取代的胺、环状胺和碱性离子交换树脂,例如精氨酸、甜菜碱、咖啡因、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、N,N′-二苄基乙二胺(苄星(benzathine))、二环己基胺、二乙醇胺、二乙胺、2-二乙基氨基乙醇、2-二甲基氨基乙醇、乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-乙基吗啉、N-乙基哌啶、葡糖胺、氨基葡糖、组氨酸、哈胺(hydrabamine)、异丙胺、利多卡因、赖氨酸、葡甲胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺、吗啉、哌嗪、哌啶、聚胺树脂、普鲁卡因、嘌呤、可可碱、三乙醇胺、三乙胺、三甲胺、三丙胺和三(羟基甲基)甲基胺(氨基丁三醇),但这不代表限于此。
可以用诸如以下的物质将含有碱性含氮基团的本发明的化合物季铵化:(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如甲基、乙基、异丙基和叔丁基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;硫酸二(C1-C4)烷基酯,例如硫酸二甲基、二乙基和二戊基酯;(C10-C18)烷基卤化物,例如癸基、十二烷基、月桂基、肉豆蔻基和硬脂基氯化物、溴化物和碘化物;以及芳基(C1-C4)烷基卤化物,例如苄基氯和苯乙基溴。可以用该类盐来制备水溶性和油溶性的本发明的化合物。
优选的上述药用盐包括乙酸盐、三氟乙酸盐、苯磺酸盐、柠檬酸盐、富马酸盐、葡糖酸盐、半琥珀酸盐、马尿酸盐、盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、羟乙基磺酸盐、扁桃酸盐、葡甲胺、硝酸盐、油酸盐、膦酸盐、新戊酸盐、磷酸钠、硬脂酸盐、硫酸盐、磺基水杨酸盐、酒石酸盐、硫代苹果酸盐、甲苯磺酸盐和氨基丁三醇,但这不代表限于此。
特别优选盐酸盐、二盐酸盐、氢溴酸盐、马来酸盐、甲磺酸盐、磷酸盐、硫酸盐和琥珀酸盐。
碱性式I化合物的酸加成盐是通过将游离碱形式与足够量所需的酸接触、从而以常规方式形成盐来制备的。可以通过将盐形式与碱接触并以常规方式分离出游离碱而再生游离碱。就某些物理性质而言,游离碱形式在某些方面与其相应的盐形式不同,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面;然而,对于本发明的目的而言,盐在其它方面与其各自的游离碱形式相当。
如上所述,式I化合物的可药用碱加成盐是用金属或胺如碱金属和碱土金属或有机胺形成的。优选的金属有钠、钾、镁和钙。优选的有机胺有N,N’-二苄基乙二胺、氯普鲁卡因、胆碱、二乙醇胺、乙二胺、N-甲基-D-葡糖胺和普鲁卡因。
本发明的酸性化合物的碱加成盐是通过将游离酸形式与足够量所需的碱进行接触、从而以常规方式形成盐来制备的。可以通过将盐形式与酸接触并以常规方式分离出游离酸而再生游离酸。就某些物理性质而言,游离酸形式在某些方面与其相应的盐形式不同,例如在极性溶剂中的溶解度方面;然而,对于本发明的目的而言,盐在其它方面与其各自的游离酸形式相当。
如果本发明的化合物含有一个以上能形成这类可药用盐的基团,则本发明还包括多重盐。典型的多重盐形式包括例如酒石酸氢盐、二乙酸盐、二富马酸盐、二葡甲胺、二磷酸盐、二钠盐和三盐酸盐,但这不代表限于此。
就上述内容而言,可以看出,本文中的表述“可药用盐”指包括其盐之一的形式的式I化合物的活性成分,特别是如果与活性成分的游离形式或早期使用的活性成分的任何其它盐形式相比该盐形式赋予了活性成分改进的药动学性质的话。活性成分的可药用盐形式也可以首次为该活性成分提供了之前其不具有的所需的药动学性质,甚至可能在其体内治疗效果方面对该活性成分的药效学具有积极影响。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式I化合物和/或其可药用盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物以及任选地包含赋形剂和/或佐剂的药剂。
药物制剂可以以每个剂量单位包含预定量的活性成分的剂量单位形式进行施用。该类单位可包含例如0.5mg至1g、优选1mg至700mg、特别优选5mg至100mg本发明的化合物,这取决于所治疗的病症、施用方法以及患者的年龄、体重和情况,或者药物制剂可以以每个剂量单位包含预定量的活性成分的剂量单位形式进行施用。优选的剂量单位制剂是包含上述日剂量或部分剂量或其相应分数的活性成分的那些。此外,这类药物制剂可以用药学领域通常已知的方法来制备。
药物制剂可适用于经由任何所需的适宜方法进行的施用,例如经口服(包括口含或舌下)、直肠、鼻、局部(包括口含、舌下或透皮)、阴道或胃肠外(包括皮下、肌内、静脉内或真皮内)方法。该类制剂可以用药学领域中已知的所有方法来制备,例如通过将活性成分与赋形剂或辅剂合并来制备。
适于口服施用的药物制剂可以以独立单位的形式进行施用,所述的独立单位例如有胶囊或片剂;粉末或颗粒;在水性或非水性液体中的溶液或混悬液;可食用的泡沫或泡沫食物;或水包油型液体乳剂或油包水型液体乳剂。
因此,例如,就以片剂或胶囊形式口服施用而言,可以将活性成分组分与无毒的可药用口服惰性赋形剂例如乙醇、甘油、水等合并。粉末可以通过将化合物粉碎至适当细的大小并将其与以相似方式粉碎的药用赋形剂例如可食用的碳水化合物例如淀粉或甘露醇混合来制备。也可以存在矫味剂、防腐剂、分散剂和染料。
胶囊是通过如上所述制备粉末混合物并填充到成型的明胶胶囊壳中来制备的。在进行填充操作前,可以向粉末混合物中加入助流剂和润滑剂,如高度分散的硅酸、滑石粉、硬脂酸镁、硬脂酸钙或固体形式的聚乙二醇。也可以加入崩解剂或增溶剂如琼脂、碳酸钙或碳酸钠以提高胶囊被使用后药物的利用度。
此外,如果需要或必要,也可以向混合物中掺入适宜的粘合剂、润滑剂和崩解剂以及染料。适宜的粘合剂包括淀粉、明胶、天然糖类如葡萄糖或β-乳糖、由玉米制得的甜味剂、天然和合成橡胶如阿拉伯胶、西黄蓍胶或藻酸钠、羧甲基纤维素、聚乙二醇、蜡类等。这些剂型中所用的润滑剂包括油酸钠、硬脂酸钠、硬脂酸镁、苯甲酸钠、乙酸钠、氯化钠等。崩解剂非限制性地包括淀粉、甲基纤维素、琼脂、膨润土、黄原胶等。片剂是通过例如制备粉末混合物、将该混合物制粒或干压、加入润滑剂和崩解剂并将整个混合物压成片剂来制备的。粉末混合物是通过将以适当方式粉碎的化合物与上述稀释剂或基质混合并任选地与粘合剂如羧甲基纤维素、藻酸盐、明胶或聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、溶出阻滞剂如石蜡、吸收促进剂如季盐和/或吸收剂如膨润土、高岭土或磷酸二钙混合来制备的。可以通过用粘合剂如糖浆、淀粉糊、acadia胶浆或者纤维素或聚合物材料的溶液润湿并将其过筛而将粉末混合物制粒。作为制粒的一种替换选择,可以使粉末混合物通过压片机,得到形状不均匀的块状物,将其破碎从而形成颗粒。通过加入硬脂酸、硬脂酸盐、滑石粉或矿物油可对颗粒进行润滑以防止粘附在片剂铸模上。然后,将被润滑的混合物压成片剂。也可以将本发明的化合物与自由流动的惰性赋形剂合并,然后在不进行制粒或干压步骤的情况下直接压成片剂。可以存在由虫胶隔离层、糖或聚合物物质层和蜡的光泽层组成的透明或不透明的保护层。可以向这些包衣中加入染料以便能区别不同的剂量单位。
口服液体如溶液、糖浆和酏剂可以被制备为剂量单位形式以便给定量包含预定量的化合物。糖浆可以通过将化合物溶解于具有适宜矫味剂的水性溶液中来制备,而酏剂是用无毒的醇性媒介物制备的。混悬液可以通过将化合物分散于无毒媒介物中来制备。也可以加入增溶剂和乳化剂如乙氧基化的异硬脂醇和聚氧乙烯山梨醇醚类、防腐剂、矫味添加剂如薄荷油或天然甜味剂或糖精或其它人工甜味剂等。
如果需要,可以将用于口服施用的剂量单位制剂包封于微囊中。也可以以释放被延长或延迟的形式来制备制剂,如通过将粒状材料用聚合物、蜡等进行包衣或者将其包埋于聚合物、蜡等中来制备制剂。
式I化合物及其盐也可以以脂质体递送系统如单层小囊泡、单层大囊泡和多层囊泡的形式进行施用。可以由各种磷脂如胆固醇、硬脂胺或磷脂酰胆碱来形成脂质体。
式I化合物及其盐也可以用单克隆抗体作为独立载体而被递送,其中所述化合物分子与所述单克隆抗体偶联。也可以将化合物偶联到作为靶向药物载体的可溶性聚合物上。该类聚合物可包括聚乙烯吡咯烷酮、吡喃共聚物、聚羟丙基甲基丙烯酰氨基苯酚、聚羟乙基天冬酰氨基苯酚或聚氧化乙烯聚赖氨酸,被棕榈酰基取代。还可以将化合物偶联到一类适于实现药物控释的生物可降解聚合物上,例如聚乳酸、聚-ε-己内酯、聚羟基丁酸、聚原酸酯类、聚缩醛类、聚二羟基吡喃类、聚氰基丙烯酸酯类和交联或两亲性嵌段共聚物水凝胶。
适于经皮施用的药物制剂可以作为与接受者的表皮长期紧密接触的独立硬膏剂施用。因此,例如,可以用离子电渗疗法使活性成分从硬膏剂中递送,如Pharmaceutical Research,3(6),318(1986)中的通用术语所述。
适于局部施用的药用化合物可以被配制成软膏剂、乳膏剂、混悬剂、洗剂、粉末、溶液剂、糊剂、凝胶剂、喷雾剂、气雾剂或油。
对于眼或其它外部组织例如口和皮肤的治疗,制剂优选地以局部用软膏剂或乳膏剂的形式被应用。在配制软膏剂的情况中,可以将活性成分与石蜡的或水可混溶的乳膏基质一起应用。或者,可以用水包油型乳膏基质或油包水型基质将活性成分配制成乳膏剂。
适于局部应用于眼的药物制剂包括滴眼剂,其中活性成分被溶解或混悬于适宜的载体、特别是水性溶剂中。
适于在口中局部应用的药物制剂包括锭剂、软锭剂和漱口剂。
适于直肠施用的药物制剂可以以栓剂或灌肠剂的形式施用。
其中载体物质是固体的适于鼻施用的药物制剂包含具有例如20-500微米粒度的粗粉末,其可以以嗅的方式施用,即经由鼻道从靠近鼻的含粉末容器中迅速吸入。以液体作为载体物质、以鼻喷雾剂或滴鼻剂施用的适宜制剂包含活性成分在水或油中的溶液。
适于通过吸入施用的药物制剂包含细颗粒粉或雾,所述细颗粒粉或雾可通过各种类型的含气雾剂的加压分配器、喷雾器或吹入器来产生。
适于阴道施用的药物制剂可以以阴道栓、卫生栓、乳膏剂、凝胶剂、糊剂、泡沫或喷雾制剂的形式施用。
适于胃肠外施用的药物制剂包括:水性和非水性无菌注射溶液,其包含抗氧化剂、缓冲剂、抑菌剂和由此使得制剂与被治疗接受者的血液等张的溶质;以及水性和非水性的无菌混悬液,其可以包含混悬介质和增稠剂。制剂可以位于单剂量或多剂量容器、例如密封的安瓿和小瓶中施用,以冷冻干燥(冻干)状态储存,以便仅需在临用前加入无菌载体液体例如注射用水。按照处方制备的注射溶液和混悬液可以由无菌粉末、颗粒和片剂制备。
不言而喻的是,除了上面特定提及的组份外,制剂还可以包含本领域中该特定类型制剂中常用的其它物质;因此,例如,适于口服施用的制剂可以包含矫味剂。
式I化合物的治疗有效量取决于许多因素,包括例如动物的年龄和体重、需要治疗的准确疾病情况及其严重程度、制剂的性质和施用方法,最终由主治医生或兽医来决定。然而,本发明化合物用于治疗肿瘤生长例如结肠癌或乳癌的有效量一般为0.1至100mg/kg接受者(哺乳动物)体重/天,特别是通常为1至10mg/kg体重/天。因此,对于体重为70kg的成年哺乳动物而言,每天的实际量通常为70至700mg,其中该量可以作为每天单次剂量或者通常以每天一系列部分剂量(如二、三、四、五或六个部分剂量)被施用,从而使得总日剂量相同。可以以本发明化合物本身的有效量分数来确定其盐或溶剂合物或生理学功能衍生物的有效量。可认为相似剂量适用于治疗上述其它病症。
本发明还涉及包含至少一种式I化合物和/或其可药用盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物以及至少一种其它药物活性成分的药剂。
本发明还涉及由如下的单独药包组成的套件(药盒):
(a)有效量的式I化合物和/或其可药用盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物;
(b)有效量的其它药物活性成分。
该套件包含适宜的容器,如盒、单个瓶、袋或安瓿。该套件可以包含例如单独的安瓿,每个安瓿各自包含有效量式I化合物和/或其可药用盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物;和有效量的其它药物活性成分,它们为溶解或冷冻干燥形式。
应用
本发明的化合物适合于作为哺乳动物、尤其是人用药物活性成分,以治疗酪氨酸激酶诱导的疾病。这些疾病包括肿瘤细胞增殖、促进实体瘤生长的病理性新生血管形成(或血管生成)、眼新生血管形成(糖尿病性视网膜病、年龄诱导的黄斑变性等)和炎症(银屑病、类风湿性关节炎等)。
本发明包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防癌症的药剂中的应用。优选治疗的癌症来源于脑癌、泌尿生殖道癌、淋巴系统癌、胃癌、喉癌和肺癌。另一组癌症的优选形式为单核细胞性白血病、肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤和乳癌。
还包括本发明的权利要求1的化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于治疗或预防其中涉及血管生成的疾病的药剂中的应用。
这类其中涉及血管生成的疾病为眼病,如视网膜血管化、糖尿病性视网膜病、年龄诱导的黄斑变性等。
式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐和溶剂合物在制备用于治疗或预防炎性疾病的药剂中的应用也属于本发明的范围。这类炎性疾病的实例包括类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、接触性皮炎、迟发型超敏反应等。
还包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐在制备用于在哺乳动物中治疗或预防酪氨酸激酶诱导的疾病或酪氨酸激酶诱导的病症的药剂中的应用,其中就该方法而言,对需要这类治疗的患病哺乳动物施用治疗有效量的本发明化合物。治疗量根据具体疾病而改变,可以由本领域技术人员不经过度尝试确定。
本发明还包括式I化合物和/或其生理学可接受的盐和溶剂合物在制备用于治疗或预防视网膜血管化的药剂中的应用。
用于治疗或预防眼病如糖尿病性视网膜病和年龄诱导的黄斑变性的方法同样为本发明的一部分。治疗或预防炎性疾病如类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、接触性皮炎和迟发型超敏反应的应用以及治疗或预防来自骨肉瘤、骨关节炎和佝偻病的骨病的应用同样属于本发明的范围。
表述“酪氨酸激酶诱导的疾病或病症”指依赖于一种或多种酪氨酸激酶活性的病理情况。酪氨酸激酶直接或间接参与各种细胞活动、包括增殖、粘着和迁移以及分化的信号转导路径。与酪氨酸激酶活性相关的疾病包括肿瘤细胞增殖、促进实体瘤生长的病理性新生血管形成、眼新生血管形成(糖尿病性视网膜病、年龄诱导的黄斑变性等)和炎症(银屑病、类风湿性关节炎等)。
式I化合物可以施用于患者以便治疗癌症,特别是快速生长的肿瘤。
本发明由此涉及式I化合物及其可药用盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物在制备用于治疗激酶信号转导的抑制、调节和/或调控在其中发挥作用的疾病的药剂中的应用。
本文优选涉及Met激酶。
优选式I化合物及其可药用盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物在制备药剂中的应用,所述药剂用于治疗受到权利要求1的化合物对酪氨酸激酶的抑制的影响的疾病。
特别优选制备用于治疗受到权利要求1的化合物对Met激酶的抑制的影响的疾病的药剂中的应用。尤其优选治疗疾病的应用,其中所述疾病为实体瘤。
实体瘤优选选自肺、鳞状上皮、膀胱、胃、肾、头颈、食道、宫颈、甲状腺、肠、肝、脑、前列腺、生殖泌尿道、淋巴系统、胃和/或喉的肿瘤。
实体瘤还优选选自肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、结肠癌和乳癌。
还优选治疗血液和免疫系统肿瘤的用途,优选治疗选自急性髓性白血病、慢性髓性白血病、急性淋巴性白血病和/或慢性淋巴性白血病的肿瘤。
可以将所公开的式I化合物与其它已知治疗剂、包括抗癌药联用。本文所用的术语“抗癌药”涉及施用于癌症患者、旨在治疗癌症的任意物质。
本文定义的抗癌疗法可以作为单一疗法施用,或除本发明的化合物外,还可以包括常规的手术或放疗或化疗。这类化疗可以包括如下类别抗肿瘤药中的一种或多种:
(i)如用于医学肿瘤学的抗增殖/抗肿瘤/DNA-损伤剂及其组合,如烷化剂(例如顺铂、卡铂、环磷酰胺、氮芥、美法仑、苯丁酸氮芥、白消安和亚硝基脲);抗代谢物(例如抗叶酸剂,如氟嘧啶类如5-氟尿嘧啶和替加氟、雷替曲塞、甲氨蝶呤、阿糖胞苷、羟基脲和吉西他滨);抗肿瘤抗生素(例如蒽环类抗生素,如亚德利亚霉素、博来霉素、多柔比星、道诺霉素、表柔比星、伊达比星、丝裂霉素-C、放线菌素D和光辉霉素);抗有丝分裂剂(例如长春花生物碱,如长春花新碱、长春花碱、长春地辛和长春瑞滨和紫杉烷类如泰素(taxol)和泰素帝(taxotere));拓扑异构酶抑制剂(例如表鬼臼毒素如依托泊苷和替尼泊苷、安吖啶、托泊替康、伊立替康和喜树碱)和细胞分化剂(例如全反式视黄酸、13-顺式-视黄酸和芬维a胺);
(ii)细胞抑制剂,如抗雌激素药(例如他莫昔芬、托瑞米芬、雷洛昔芬、屈洛昔芬和iodoxyfene(艾多昔芬)、雌激素受体减量调节剂(例如氟维司群)、抗雄激素药(例如比卡鲁胺、氟他胺、尼鲁米特和醋酸环丙孕酮)、LHRH拮抗剂或LHRH激动剂(例如戈舍瑞林、亮丙瑞林和布舍瑞林)、孕酮类(例如醋酸甲地孕酮)、芳香酶抑制剂(例如阿那曲唑、来曲唑、vorazole(伏氯唑)和依西美坦)和5α-还原酶抑制剂如非那雄胺;
(iii)抑制癌细胞侵入的物质(例如金属蛋白酶抑制剂如马立马司他和尿激酶-纤溶酶原激活物受体功能抑制剂);
(iv)生长因子功能抑制剂,例如这类抑制剂包括生长因子抗体、生长因子受体抗体(例如抗-erbb2-抗体曲妥单抗[HerceptinTM]和抗-erbb1-抗体西妥昔单抗[C225])、法尼基转移酶抑制剂、酪氨酸激酶抑制剂和丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶抑制剂,例如表皮生长因子家族抑制剂(例如EGFR家族酪氨酸激酶抑制剂,如N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-甲氧基-6-(3-吗啉代基丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(吉非替尼,AZD1839)、N-(3-乙炔基苯基)-6,7-双(2-甲氧基乙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(厄洛替尼,OS1-774)和6-丙烯酰氨基-N-(3-氯-4-氟苯基)-7-(3-吗啉代基丙氧基)喹唑啉-4-胺(Cl 1033));例如血小板衍生生长因子家族抑制剂和例如肝细胞生长因子家族抑制剂;
(v)抗血管生成剂,如抑制血管内皮生长因子的那些(例如抗血管内皮细胞生长因子抗体贝伐单抗[AvastinTM]、如披露在公布的国际专利申请WO 97/22596、WO 97/30035、WO 97/32856和WO 98/13354中的那些化合物)和通过其它机制起作用的化合物(例如利诺胺、整联蛋白-αvβ3功能抑制剂和血管抑素(angiostatin));
(vi)血管损伤剂,如考布他汀A4和披露在国际专利申请WO99/02166、WO 00/40529、WO 00/41669、WO 01/92224、WO 02/04434和WO 02/08213中的化合物;
(vii)反义疗法,例如涉及上述靶标的那些,如抗-Ras反义物lSlS 2503;
(viii)基因疗法手段,包括例如替换异常基因如异常p53或异常BRCA1或BRCA2的手段;GDEPT(基因导向性酶前药疗法)手段,如使用胞嘧啶脱氨酶、胸苷激酶或细菌硝基还原酶的那些;和增加患者对化疗或放疗耐受性的手段,如多药抗药性基因疗法;和
(ix)免疫疗法手段,包括例如增加患者肿瘤细胞免疫原性的离体和体内手段,如使用细胞因子如白细胞介素2、白细胞介素4或粒细胞巨噬细胞集落刺激因子的转染;减少T-细胞无反应性的手段;使用转染的免疫细胞如细胞因子转染的树突细胞的手段;使用细胞因子转染的肿瘤细胞系的手段;和使用抗独特型抗体的手段。
来自下表1的药物优选但非排他性地与式I化合物联用。
该类联合治疗可以借助于同时、连续或单独分配治疗中的各组分来实现。这种类型的组合产品使用了本发明的化合物。
测定法
通过下文所述的测定法测试实施例中所述的式I化合物,发现它们具有激酶抑制活性。其它测定法由文献已知,且可容易地由本领域技术人员进行(例如参见Dhanabal等人,Cancer Res.59:189-197;Xin等人,J.Biol.Chem.274:9116-9121;Sheu等人,Anticancer Res.18:4435-4441;Ausprunk等人,Dev.Biol.38:237-248;Gimbrone等人,J.Natl.Cancer lnst.52:413-427;Nicosia等人,ln Vitro 18:538-549)。
Met激酶活性的测定
根据制造商的数据(Met,活性,Upstate,目录号14-526)表达Met激酶,目的在于在昆虫细胞(Sf21;草地夜蛾(S.frugiperda))中生成蛋白质,随后以杆状病毒表达载体中的“N-末端6His-标记的”重组人蛋白质形式进行亲和色谱纯化。
可以使用各种可利用的测定系统测定激酶活性。在亲近闪烁分析法(Sorg等人,J.of.Biomolecular Screening,2002,7,11-19)、闪板法或滤器结合试验中,使用放射性标记的ATP(32P-ATP,33P-ATP)测定作为底物的蛋白质或肽的放射性磷酸化。在存在抑制性化合物的情况下,可以检测到减少的放射性信号或完全没有信号。此外,均匀时间分辨荧光共振能量转移(HTR-FRET)和荧光偏振(FP)技术可以用作测定方法(Sills等人,J.ofBiomolecular Screening,2002,191-214)。
其它非放射性ELISA测定方法使用特异性磷酸-抗体(Phospho-AB)。该磷酸-抗体仅结合磷酸化底物。可以根据化学发光、使用过氧化物酶缀合的二级抗体检测这种结合(Ross等人,2002,Biochem.J.)。
闪板法(Met激酶)
所用的测试平板为来自珀金埃尔默公司(Perkin Eimer)的96-孔FlashplateR微量培养板(目录号SMP200)。将下述激酶反应组分吸移入测定平板。将Met激酶和底物聚Ala-Glu-Lys-Tyr(pAGLT,6∶2∶5∶1)与放射性标记的33P-ATP一起在有和无测试物质存在下、在100μl总体积中于室温孵育3小时。使用150μl 60mM EDTA溶液终止反应。在室温进一步孵育30分钟后,抽滤上清液,每次用200μl 0.9%NaCl溶液将各孔洗涤三次。用闪烁测定仪(Topcount NXT,珀金埃尔默公司)测定所结合的放射性。
所用的完整值为不含抑制剂的激酶反应。它应大约在6000-9000cpm范围。所用的药理学零值为0.1mM终浓度的星形孢菌素。使用RS1_MTS程序测定抑制值(lC50)。
每个孔中的激酶反应条件:
30μl测定缓冲液
10μl含有10%DMSO的待测底物在测定缓冲液中的溶液
10μl ATP(终浓度1μM无放射性,0.35μCi 33P-ATP)
50μl Met激酶/底物混合物在测定缓冲液中的溶液;
(10ng酶/孔,50ng pAGLT/孔)
所用的溶液:
-测定缓冲液:
50mM HEPES
3mM氯化镁
3μM正钒酸钠
3mM氯化锰(ll)
1mM二硫苏糖醇(DTT)
pH=7.5(使用氢氧化钠设定)
-终止溶液:
60mM Titriplex lll(EDTA)
-33p-ATP:珀金埃尔默公司;
-Met激酶:Upstate,目录号14-526,储备液1μg/10μl;比活性954U/mg;
-聚-Ala-Glu-Lys-Tyr,6∶2∶5∶1:西格玛(Sigma)公司目录号P1152
体内测试
实验操作:雌性Balb/C小鼠(饲养者:Charles River Wiga)在到达时5周龄。使它们适应我们的饲养环境达7天。随后给每只小鼠在肾区域皮下注射在100μl PBS中的4百万TPR-Met/NIH3T3细胞(不含Ca++和Mg++)。5天后,将动物随机分为3组,每组9只小鼠,从而使得每组的平均肿瘤体积为110μl(范围为66-165)。给对照组每天施用100μl溶媒(0.25%甲基纤维素/100mM醋酸盐缓冲剂(pH5.5)),给治疗组每天施用200mg/kg溶于溶媒中的“A56”或“A91”(体积同样为100μl/只动物),每种情况均通过胃管进行。9天后,对照组具有1530μl的平均体积,终止实验。
肿瘤体积的测定:采用游标卡尺测定长度(L)和宽度(B),由公式L×B×B/2计算肿瘤体积。
饲养条件:每只笼子4或5只动物,用市售小鼠粮(Sniff)喂养。
在上下文中,所有温度均以℃表示。在下列实施例中,“常规后处理”指:如果必要的话,加入水;如果必要的话,将pH调整至2-10,这取决于终产物的构成,用乙酸乙酯或二氯甲烷萃取混合物,分离各相,经硫酸钠干燥有机相并蒸发,通过硅胶色谱法和/或通过结晶纯化残余物。硅胶上的Rf;洗脱剂:乙酸乙酯/甲醇9∶1。
质谱(MS):El(电子碰撞离子化)M+
FAB(快速原子轰击)(M+H)+
ESI(电喷射离子化)(M+H)+
APCI-MS(大气压化学电离-质谱)(M+H)+。
HPLC方法:
方法A:梯度:4.5分钟/流量:3ml/分钟99∶0.1-0∶100
水+0.1%(体积)TFA:乙腈+0.1%(体积)TFA
0.0至0.5分钟:99∶01
0.5至3.5分钟:99∶01→0∶100
3.5至4.5分钟:0∶100
柱:Chromolith SpeedROD RP18e 50-4.6
波长:220nm
方法B:梯度:4.2分钟/流量:2ml/分钟99∶0.1-0∶100
水+0.1%(体积)TFA:乙腈+0.1%(体积)TFA
0.0至0.2分钟:99∶01
0.2至3.8分钟:99∶01→0∶100
3.8至4.2分钟:0∶100
柱:Chromolith Performance RP18e 100mm长,内径3mm
波长:220nm
保留时间Rt以分钟[min]表示
实施例1
类似于以下流程进行1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]-2-(3-{5-[1-(2-吡咯烷-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]嘧啶-2-基}苯基)乙酮(″A1″)的制备。
1.1将16.0g(120mmol)氯化铝分批加入到14.7g(100mmol)1,4-二氯苯和9.62ml(100mmol)3-氯丙酰氯的于110℃维持的混合物中。将反应混合物冷却至室温,用二氯甲烷稀释,加入冰。分离出有机相,水相用二氯甲烷萃取多次。将合并的有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发。将残余物用石油醚/二氯甲烷作为洗脱剂经硅胶柱进行色谱法:3-氯-1-(2,5-二氯苯基)-丙烷-1-酮,为微棕色液体;
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO):δ[ppm]=3.50(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),3.89(t,J=6.1Hz,2H),7.61(m,2H),7.80(dd,J1=2.3Hz,J2=0.5Hz,1H).
1.2将4.60g(19.4mmol)3-氯-(2,5-二氯苯基)-丙烷-1-酮加入到1.90ml(39.1mmol)氢氧化在40ml DMF中的保持在氮气下的溶液中,将混合物于室温搅拌1小时。然后依次加入4.25g(19.4mmol)3-溴-苯基乙酸和4.76g(24.8mmol)N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N′-乙基碳二亚胺盐酸盐(DAPECI),将所得溶液于室温搅拌18小时。向反应混合物中加入水。抽滤出所得沉淀,用水洗涤。将残余物溶于二氯甲烷中,过滤。将滤液用石油醚/叔丁基甲基醚作为洗脱剂在硅胶柱上进行色谱法:2-(3-溴苯基)-1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]乙酮,为微黄色晶体;ESI 413。
1.3将722mg(7.35mmol)乙酸钾加入到1.01g(2.45mmol)2-(3-溴苯基)-1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]乙酮和796mg(3.06mmol)双(频哪醇合)二硼(bis(pinacolato)diboron)在6ml DMF中的溶液中,将混合物在氮气下加热至80℃。然后加入52mg(0.074mmol)双(三苯膦)氯化钯(ll),将混合物于80℃加热18小时。将反应混合物在水和二氯甲烷之间分配。有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发。将残余物用石油醚/叔丁基甲基醚作为洗脱剂经硅胶柱进行色谱法:1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]-2-[3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基]乙酮,为褐色粘稠的油;ESI459。
1.4将1.08g(5.10mmol)磷酸三钾三水合物加入到780mg(1.70mmol)1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]-2-[3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基]乙酮和508mg(1.78mmol)2-溴-5-碘嘧啶在3ml乙二醇二甲醚中的溶液中,将混合物在氮气下加热至80℃。然后加入24mg(0.02mmol)双(三苯膦)氯化钯(ll)和一滴三乙胺,将反应混合物在氮气下于80℃搅拌18小时。将反应混合物在水和二氯甲烷之间分配。蒸发有机相,将残余物用石油醚/叔丁基甲基醚作为洗脱剂经硅胶柱进行色谱法:2-[3-(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)苯基]-1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]乙酮,为微黄色晶体;ESI 491。
1.5将10.0g(50.5mmol)吡唑-4-硼酸频哪酯的溶液溶于100ml乙腈中,加入17.5g(101mmol)N-(2-氯乙基)吡咯烷盐酸盐和49.4g(152mmol)碳酸铯。将所得混悬液于室温搅拌18小时。将反应混合物抽滤,用乙腈洗涤。将滤液蒸发,在乙酸乙酯和饱和氯化钠溶液之间分配。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发:1-(2-吡咯烷-1-基乙基)-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑,为浅橙色油;
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO):δ[ppm]=1.25(s,12H),1.65(m,4H),2.44(m,4H),2.79(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),4.21(t,J=6.8Hz,2H),7.56(s,1H),7.93(s,1H).
1.6将269mg(0.53mmol)2-[3-(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)苯基]-1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]乙酮、171.2mg(0.59mmol)1-(2-吡咯烷-1-基乙基)-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑和227mg(1.07mmol)磷酸三钾三水合物在2ml 1,2-二甲氧基乙烷中的混悬液在氮气下加热至80℃。然后加入31.9mg(45μmol)双(三苯膦)氯化钯(ll)和10μl三乙胺,将混合物于80℃搅拌18小时。将反应混合物冷却,在水和二氯甲烷之间分配。有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发。将残余物用二氯甲烷/甲醇作为洗脱剂经硅胶柱进行色谱法:1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]-2-(3-{5-[1-(2-吡咯烷-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]嘧啶-2-基}苯基)乙酮(″A1″),为无定形固体;ESI 574;
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO):δ[ppm]=1.68(m,4H),2.89(m,2H),3.34(m,4H),3.42(t,J=10Hz,2H),3.95(t,J=10Hz,2H),4.12(s,2H),4.28(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),7.47(m,2H),7.56(dd,J1=9Hz,J2=2.5Hz,1H),7.63,(d,J=9Hz,1H),7.80(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),8.11(s,1H),8.27(d,J=7Hz,1H),8.38(s,1H),8.45(s,1H),9.13(s,2H).
类似地获得化合物″A2″:
实施例2
类似于以下流程进行1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]-2-{3-[5-(1-甲基哌啶-4-基甲氧基)嘧啶-2-基]苯基}乙酮(″A3″)的制备。
类似地获得化合物″A4″:
实施例3
类似于以下流程进行3-{1-[2-(3-{5-[1-(2-吡咯烷-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]嘧啶-2-基}苯基)乙酰基]-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基}-苄腈(″A5″)的制备:
3.1将9.2μl 37%盐酸水溶液加入到725mg(5.00mmol)3-乙酰基苄腈、195mg低聚甲醛和530mg(6.50mmol)二甲基氯化铵在1ml乙醇中的混悬液中。将反应混合物于80℃搅拌18小时。将反应混合物——一种固体团块——冷却至室温,溶于丙酮中,过滤,用少量丙酮洗涤。将残余物溶于水中,用二氯甲烷萃取。用10ml 1N NaOH将水相调节至pH9,用二氯甲烷萃取。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发:3-(3-二甲基氨基-丙酰基)-苄腈,为褐色油;ESI 203。
3.2将1.0ml(17mmol)碘甲烷加入到677mg(3.35mmol)3-(3-二甲基氨基-丙酰基)-苄腈在5ml THF中的溶液中,将混合物于室温放置48小时。抽滤出所得沉淀,用叔丁基甲基醚洗涤,真空干燥:[3-(3-氰基苯基)-3-氧代-丙基]-三甲基-碘化铵,为驼色晶体;ESI 217。
3.3将470mg(1.37mmol)[3-(3-氰基苯基)-3-氧代-丙基]-三甲基-碘化铵在2ml DMF中的保持在氮气下的溶液温热至50℃,加入139μl(2.87mmol)氢氧化。将反应混合物于50℃搅拌1小时,随后冷却至室温。加入294mg(1.37mmol)3-溴苯基-乙酸和340mg(1.78mmol)N-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)-N′-乙基-碳二亚胺盐酸盐。将反应混合物于室温搅拌18小时,随后在水和二氯甲烷之间分配。分离出有机相,经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发。将残余物用石油醚/叔丁基甲基醚作为洗脱剂经硅胶柱进行色谱法:3-{1-[2-(3-溴苯基)乙酰基]-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基}-苄腈,为微黄色固体;ESI 368,370。
实施例4
实施例5
3-(1-{2-[3-(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)苯基]乙酰基}-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基)-苄腈(″A7″)和3-{1-[2-(3-{5-[1-(2-吡咯烷-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]嘧啶-2-基}苯基)乙酰基]-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基}-苄腈(″A5″)的制备:
5.1将1ml 37%盐酸水溶液加入到29.6g(200mmol)3-乙酰基苄腈、7.81m低聚甲醛和21.2g(260mmol)二甲基氯化铵在32ml乙醇中的混悬液中。将反应混合物于80℃搅拌18小时。将反应混合物——一种固体团块——冷却至室温,溶于丙酮中,过滤,用少量丙酮洗涤。将残余物溶于水中,用二氯甲烷萃取。用1N NaOH将水相调节至pH9,用二氯甲烷萃取。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发:3-(3-二甲基氨基-丙酰基)-苄腈,为黄橙色油;ESI 203。
5.2将2.02g(10.0mmol)3-(3-二甲基氨基-丙酰基)-苄腈和1.31ml(26.9mmol)氢氧化在3.5ml乙醇中的溶液在氮气下沸腾加热2小时。将反应混合物蒸发,残余物在水和叔丁基甲基醚之间分配。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发:3-(4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基)-苄腈粗品,为粘稠黄色油;ESI172。将其在氮气下保存,未经进一步纯化用于下一反应。
5.3将1.60g(约6.6mmol)3-(4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基)-苄腈粗品和1.86g(7.97mmol)(3-溴苯基)-乙酰氯在13ml二氯甲烷中的保持在氮气下的溶液冷却至0℃,加入1.38ml(9.96mmol)三乙胺。待混合物已经于室温搅拌5小时后,加入25ml饱和碳酸钠溶液。将反应混合物在水和二氯甲烷之间分配。有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发。将残余物用石油醚/叔丁基甲基醚作为洗脱剂经硅胶柱进行色谱法:3-{1-[2-(3-溴苯基)乙酰基]-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基}-苄腈,为黄色固体;ESI 368,370。
5.4将598mg(6.09mmol)醋酸钾加入到748mg(2.03mmol)3-{1-[2-(3-溴苯基)乙酰基]-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基}-苄腈和659mg(2.54mmol)双(频哪醇合)二硼在4ml DMF中的溶液中,将混合物在氮气下加热至80℃。然后加入45mg(0.061mmol)1,1-双(二苯膦)二茂铁-二氯化钯(ll),将混合物于80℃搅拌18小时。将反应混合物在水和二氯甲烷之间分配。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发。将残余物用二氯甲烷/甲醇作为洗脱剂在硅胶柱上进行色谱法:3-(1-{2-[3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基]乙酰基}-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基)-苄腈,为褐色固体;ESI 416。
5.5将490mg(2.31mmol)磷酸三钾三水合物加入到333mg(0.77mmol)3-(1-{2-[3-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)苯基]乙酰基}-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基)-苄腈和348mg(1.19mmol)2-溴-5-碘嘧啶在1.5ml乙二醇二甲醚中的混悬液中,将混合物在氮气下加热至80℃。然后加入22mg(0.03mmol)双(三苯膦)-氯化钯(ll)和一滴三乙胺,将反应混合物在氮气下于80℃搅拌18小时。将反应混合物在水和二氯甲烷之间分配。将有机相蒸发,残余物用石油醚/叔丁基甲基醚作为洗脱剂在硅胶柱上进行色谱法:3-(1-{2-[3-(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)苯基]乙酰基}-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基)-苄腈(″A7″),为无色晶体;ESl 446,448;
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ[ppm]3.32(t,J=10.0Hz,2H),3.96(t,J=10Hz,2H),4.15(s,2H),7.48(t,J=7.5Hz,1H),7.53(d,J=7Hz,1H),7.72(t,J=7.8Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.15(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.23(m,2H),8.41(s,1H),9.07(s,2H).
5.6将153mg(0.32mm0l)3-(1-{2-[3-(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)苯基]乙酰基}-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基)-苄腈、159mg(0.48mmol)1-(2-吡咯烷-1-基乙基)-4-(4,4,5,5-四甲基-1,3,2-二氧杂硼杂环戊烷-2-基)-1H-吡唑和136mg(1.07mmol)磷酸三钾三水合物在1ml 1,2-二甲氧基乙烷和1ml二甲基甲酰胺中的混悬液在氮气下加热至80℃。加入22.5mg(32μmol)双(三苯膦)-氯化钯(ll)和一滴三乙胺,将混合物于80℃搅拌42小时。将反应混合物冷却,在水和二氯甲烷之间分配。将有机相经硫酸钠干燥,蒸发。将残余物用二氯甲烷/甲醇作为洗脱剂在硅胶柱上进行色谱法:3-{1-[2-(3-{5-[1-(2-吡咯烷-1-基乙基)-1H-吡唑-4-基]嘧啶-2-基}苯基)乙酰基]-4,5-二氢-1H-吡唑-3-基}-苄腈(″A5″),为褐色固体;ESI 532;
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO):δ[ppm]1.68(m,4H),2.90(t,J=6.5Hz,2H),3.33(m,6H),3.97(t,J=10Hz,2H),4.15(s,2H),4.29(t,J=6.3Hz,2H),7.48(m,2H),7.72(t,J=7.9Hz,1H),7.95(d,J=7.6Hz,1H),8.10(s,1H),8.17(d,J=7.8Hz,1H),8.23(s 1H)8.26(d,J=6.7Hz,1H),8.44(s,1H),8.45(s,1H)9.13(s,2H).
实施例6
1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]-2-{3-[5-(2-吗啉-4-基-乙氧基)嘧啶-2-基]苯基}乙酮(″A8″)的制备:
原料)2-[3-(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)苯基]-1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]乙酮)的制备在实施例1中记载。
嘧啶醇(1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]-2-[3-(5-羟基嘧啶-2-基)苯基]乙酮)的制备在实施例2中记载。
6.1将646mg(1.31mmol)2-[3-(5-溴嘧啶-2-基)苯基]-1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]乙酮、417mg(1.63mmol)双(频哪醇合)二硼、383mg(3.90mmol)醋酸钾和18.3mg(0.026mmol)双(三苯膦)-氯化钯(ll)在5ml THF中的在氮气下保持的混悬液于80℃加热18小时。将反应混合物用THF稀释,加入活性炭,将混合物趁热过滤,用THF洗涤。将滤液真空蒸发至体积为约4ml。加入4ml水和195mg过硼酸钠,将所得混悬液于室温搅拌4小时。将反应混合物冷却至4℃,抽滤。将残余物用THF和水洗涤,真空干燥:1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]-2-[3-(5-羟基嘧啶-2-基)苯基]乙酮,为无色晶体;ESI 457。
6.2将108mg(0.253mmol)1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]-2-[3-(5-羟基嘧啶-2-基)苯基]乙酮、100mg(0.38mmol)三苯膦和64.4μl 2-吗啉代基乙醇在0.5ml THF中的混悬液在冰浴上冷却,缓慢滴加74μl(0.38mmol)偶氮二甲酸二异丙基酯。将反应混合物于室温搅拌16小时。将混合物蒸发,将残余物用二氯甲烷/甲醇作为洗脱剂在硅胶柱上进行色谱法:1-[3-(2,5-二氯苯基)-4,5-二氢吡唑-1-基]-2-{3-[5-(2-吗啉-4-基-乙氧基)嘧啶-2-基]苯基}乙酮(″A8″),为无色晶体;ESI 540;
1H-NMR(d6-DMSO)δ[ppm]2.56(m,4H),2.81(m,2H),3.48(t,J=10Hz,2H),3.65(t,J=4.2Hz,4H),4.00(t,J=10Hz,2H),4.16(s,2H),4.38(t,J=5.3Hz,2H),7.48(m,2H),7.62(dd,J1=9Hz,J2=2.5Hz,1H),7.69(d,J=9Hz,1H),7.86(d,J=2.5Hz,1H),8.24(d,J=7Hz,1H),8.37(s,1H),8.71(s,2H).
药理学数据
Met激酶抑制
表1:
IC50:1nM-0,1μM=A
0,1μM-10μM=B
>10μM=C
实施例A:注射小瓶剂
使用2N盐酸将100g式I的活性成分和5g磷酸氢二钠在3升重蒸馏水中的溶液调节至pH 6.5,无菌过滤,转入注射小瓶中,在无菌条件下冷冻干燥,在无菌条件下密封。每支注射小瓶剂含有5mg活性成分。
实施例B:栓剂
将20g式I的活性成分与100g大豆卵磷脂和1400g可可脂的混合物熔化,倾入模具中,使其冷却。每粒栓剂含有20mg活性成分。
实施例C:溶液剂
由1g式I的活性成分、9.38g NaH2PO4·2H2O、28.48g Na2HPO4·12H2O和0.1g苯扎氯铵在940ml重蒸馏水中制备溶液剂。将pH调节至6.8,将该溶液补足至1升,通过照射灭菌。该溶液剂可以以滴眼液形式使用。
实施例D:软膏剂
将500mg式I的活性成分与99.5g凡士林在无菌条件下混合。
实施例E:片剂
按照常规方式将1kg式I的活性成分、4kg乳糖、1.2kg马铃薯淀粉、0.2kg滑石粉和0.1kg硬脂酸镁的混合物压制成片剂,使得每片含有10mg活性成分。
实施例F:糖锭剂
按照与实施例E类似的方式压制片剂,随后按照常规方式用蔗糖、马铃薯淀粉、滑石粉、西黄蓍胶和染料的包衣料包衣。
实施例G:胶囊剂
按照常规方式将2kg式I的活性成分导入硬明胶胶囊,使得每粒胶囊含有20mg活性成分。
实施例H:安瓿剂
将1kg式I的活性成分在60升重蒸馏水中的溶液过滤灭菌,转入安瓿,在无菌条件下冷冻干燥,在无菌条件下密封。每支安瓿剂含有10mg活性成分。
Claims (25)
1.式I化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物:
其中:
R1表示Ar或Het;
R2表示H、A、Hal、OR3、N(R3)2、N=CR3N(R3)2、SR3、NO2、CN、COOR3、CON(R3)2、NR3COA、NR3SO2A、SO2N(R3)2、S(O)mA、Het、-[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、-[C(R3)2]nHet、O[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、O[C(R3)2]nHet、S[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、S[C(R3)2]nHet、-NR3[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、-NR3[C(R3)2]nHet、NHCON(R3)2、NHCONH[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、NHCONH[C(R3)2]nHet、NHCO[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、NHCO[C(R3)2]nHet、CON(R3)2、CONR3[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、CONR3[C(R3)2]nHet、COHet或COA;
R3、R3′表示H或A,
一起还表示具有2-5个C原子的亚烷基;
R4表示H、A或Hal;
D表示具有1至3个N、O和/或S原子的5或6元不饱和或芳族杂环,其可以是未取代的或者被Hal和/或A单、二或三取代;
A表示具有1-10个C原子的非支链或支链烷基,其中1-7个H原子可以被OH、F、Cl和/或Br替换,和/或其中一个或两个CH2基团可以被O、NH、S、SO、SO2和/或CH=CH基团替换;
或
具有3-7个C原子的环状烷基;
Ar表示苯基、萘基或联苯基,它们各自是未取代的或者被Hal、A、OR3、N(R3)2、SR3、NO2、CN、COOR3、CON(R3)2、NR3COA、NR3SO2A、SO2N(R3)2和/或S(O)mA单、二或三取代;
Het表示具有1-4个N、O和/或S原子的单-、双-或三环饱和、不饱和或芳族杂环,它可以是未取代的或者被如下基团单、二或三取代:Hal、A、OR3、N(R3)2、SR3、NO2、CN、COOR3、CON(R3)2、NR3COA、NR3SO2A、SO2N(R3)2、S(O)mA、CO-Het1、Het1、[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、[C(R3)2]nHet1、O[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、O[C(R3)2]nHet1、NHCOOA、NHCON(R3)2、NHCOO[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、NHCOO[C(R3)2]nHet1、NHCONH[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、NHCONH[C(R3)2]nHet1、OCONH[C(R3)2]nN(R3)2、OCONH[C(R3)2]nHet1、CO-Het1、CHO、COA、=S、=NH、=NA和/或=O(羰基氧);
Het1表示具有1-2个N和/或O原子的单环饱和杂环,它可以被A、OA、OH、Hal和/或=O(羰基氧)单或二取代;
Hal表示F、Cl、Br或I;
m表示0、1或2;
n表示1、2、3或4。
2.权利要求1的化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物,其中
R1表示Ar。
3.权利要求1或2的化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物,其中
R2表示H、A、Het、-[C(R3)2]nHet或O[C(R3)2]nHet。
4.权利要求1-3中一项或多项的化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物,其中
Ar表示被Hal和/或CN单、二或三取代的苯基。
5.权利要求1-4中一项或多项的化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物,其中
A表示具有1-6个C原子的非支链或支链烷基。
6.权利要求1-5中一项或多项的化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物,其中
R4表示H。
8.权利要求1-7中一项或多项的化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物,其中
Het表示具有1-4个N、O和/或S原子的单环饱和、不饱和或芳族杂环,其可以是未取代的或者被A和/或[C(R3)2]nHet1单、二或三取代。
11.权利要求1-10中一项或多项的化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物,其中
R1表示Ar,
R2表示H、A、Het、-[C(R3)2]nHet或O[C(R3)2]nHet;
R3、R3′表示H或A,
一起还表示具有2-5个C原子的亚烷基;
R4表示H,
A表示具有1-6个C原子的非支链或支链烷基,
Ar表示被Hal和/或CN单、二或三取代的苯基,
Het表示具有1-4个N、O和/或S原子的单环饱和、不饱和或芳族杂环,其可以是未取代的或者被A和/或[C(R3)2]nHet1单、二或三取代,
Het1表示哌啶基、吡咯烷基、吗啉基、哌嗪基、唑烷基或咪唑烷基,其中所述基团还可以被=O和/或A单或二取代,
Hal表示F、Cl、Br或I,
n表示1、2、3或4。
13.制备权利要求1-12的式I化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体的方法,其特征在于
a)对于制备其中R2表示Het的式I化合物,使式II化合物:
其中R1、R3、R3′、R4和D具有权利要求1中所示的含义,与式III化合物反应,
X-R2 III
其中R2表示Het且X表示硼酸基团(boronic acid radical),
或者
b)对于制备其中R2表示O[C(R3)2]nHet的式I化合物,使式IV化合物:
其中R1、R3、R3′、R4和D具有权利要求1中所示的含义;
与式V化合物反应,
HO-R2 V,
其中R2表示O[C(R3)2]nHet,
或者
c)使式VI化合物
R1-CO-CH2-CH2-Cl VI
其中R1具有权利要求1中所示的含义;
与肼和式VI化合物反应
其中R2、R3、R3′、R4和D具有权利要求1中所示的含义;
或者
d)通过使氨基被酰化或烷基化将基团R2转化成另一种基团R2:
或者
e)特征在于通过用溶剂解或氢解试剂进行处理使它们从其官能衍生物之一中释放出;
和/或
将式I的碱或酸转化成其盐之一。
14.药剂,包含至少一种权利要求1-12的式I化合物和/或其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物以及任选地包含赋形剂和/或佐剂。
15.权利要求1-12的化合物及其可药用盐、互变异构体和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物在制备药剂中的应用,所述药剂用于治疗激酶信号转导的抑制、调节和/或调控在其中发挥作用的疾病。
16.根据权利要求15的权利要求1-12的化合物及其可药用盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物在制备药剂中的应用,所述药剂用于治疗受到权利要求1-16的化合物对酪氨酸激酶的抑制的影响的疾病。
17.权利要求15的在制备药剂中的应用,所述药剂用于治疗受到权利要求1-12的化合物对Met激酶的抑制的影响的疾病。
18.权利要求16或17的应用,其中所治疗的疾病为实体瘤。
19.权利要求18的应用,其中所述实体瘤来源于鳞状上皮、膀胱、胃、肾、头和颈、食道、宫颈、甲状腺、肠、肝、脑、前列腺、生殖泌尿道、淋巴系统、胃、喉和/或肺的肿瘤。
20.权利要求18的应用,其中所述实体瘤来源于单核细胞白血病、肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤和乳癌。
21.权利要求19的应用,其中所述实体瘤来源于肺腺癌、小细胞肺癌、胰腺癌、成胶质细胞瘤、结肠癌和乳癌。
22.权利要求16或17的应用,其中所治疗的疾病为血液和免疫系统肿瘤。
23.权利要求22的应用,其中所述肿瘤来源于急性髓性白血病、慢性髓性白血病、急性淋巴性白血病和/或慢性淋巴性白血病。
24.药剂,包含至少一种权利要求1-12中一项或多项的式I化合物和/或其可药用盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物以及包含至少一种其它药物活性成分。
25.由如下的单独药包组成的套件(药盒):
(a)有效量的权利要求1-12中一项或多项的式I化合物和/或其可药用盐和立体异构体、包括其所有比例的混合物;和
(b)有效量的其它药物活性成分。
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IL209418A (en) | 2015-09-24 |
HK1157345A1 (en) | 2012-06-29 |
AU2009253432B2 (en) | 2013-08-01 |
EA018394B1 (ru) | 2013-07-30 |
CN102046605B (zh) | 2013-09-18 |
ZA201009085B (en) | 2011-10-26 |
CA2726009C (en) | 2016-08-23 |
US20110071153A1 (en) | 2011-03-24 |
CA2726009A1 (en) | 2009-12-03 |
EP2300434B1 (de) | 2014-07-23 |
EA201001831A1 (ru) | 2011-06-30 |
IL209418A0 (en) | 2011-01-31 |
BRPI0912970A2 (pt) | 2015-10-13 |
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