CN102045590B - 用于局部加密多媒体流的系统和方法 - Google Patents

用于局部加密多媒体流的系统和方法 Download PDF

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CN102045590B
CN102045590B CN201010535991.5A CN201010535991A CN102045590B CN 102045590 B CN102045590 B CN 102045590B CN 201010535991 A CN201010535991 A CN 201010535991A CN 102045590 B CN102045590 B CN 102045590B
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L·M·小佩德罗
H·德罗文西安
B·坎代洛尔
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2387—Stream processing in response to a playback request from an end-user, e.g. for trick-play
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N7/00—Television systems
    • H04N7/16—Analogue secrecy systems; Analogue subscription systems
    • H04N7/167—Systems rendering the television signal unintelligible and subsequently intelligible
    • H04N7/1675—Providing digital key or authorisation information for generation or regeneration of the scrambling sequence
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L63/00—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security
    • H04L63/04—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks
    • H04L63/0428—Network architectures or network communication protocols for network security for providing a confidential data exchange among entities communicating through data packet networks wherein the data content is protected, e.g. by encrypting or encapsulating the payload
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/06—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols the encryption apparatus using shift registers or memories for block-wise or stream coding, e.g. DES systems or RC4; Hash functions; Pseudorandom sequence generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L9/00—Cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communications; Network security protocols
    • H04L9/08—Key distribution or management, e.g. generation, sharing or updating, of cryptographic keys or passwords
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/236—Assembling of a multiplex stream, e.g. transport stream, by combining a video stream with other content or additional data, e.g. inserting a URL [Uniform Resource Locator] into a video stream, multiplexing software data into a video stream; Remultiplexing of multiplex streams; Insertion of stuffing bits into the multiplex stream, e.g. to obtain a constant bit-rate; Assembling of a packetised elementary stream
    • H04N21/23608—Remultiplexing multiplex streams, e.g. involving modifying time stamps or remapping the packet identifiers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/20—Servers specifically adapted for the distribution of content, e.g. VOD servers; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/23—Processing of content or additional data; Elementary server operations; Server middleware
    • H04N21/238—Interfacing the downstream path of the transmission network, e.g. adapting the transmission rate of a video stream to network bandwidth; Processing of multiplex streams
    • H04N21/2389—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting
    • H04N21/23895—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting involving multiplex stream encryption
    • H04N21/23897—Multiplex stream processing, e.g. multiplex stream encrypting involving multiplex stream encryption by partially encrypting, e.g. encrypting only the ending portion of a movie
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
    • H04N21/00—Selective content distribution, e.g. interactive television or video on demand [VOD]
    • H04N21/40—Client devices specifically adapted for the reception of or interaction with content, e.g. set-top-box [STB]; Operations thereof
    • H04N21/43—Processing of content or additional data, e.g. demultiplexing additional data from a digital video stream; Elementary client operations, e.g. monitoring of home network or synchronising decoder's clock; Client middleware
    • H04N21/436—Interfacing a local distribution network, e.g. communicating with another STB or one or more peripheral devices inside the home
    • H04N21/43607—Interfacing a plurality of external cards, e.g. through a DVB Common Interface [DVB-CI]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04L—TRANSMISSION OF DIGITAL INFORMATION, e.g. TELEGRAPHIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04L2209/00—Additional information or applications relating to cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
    • H04L2209/60—Digital content management, e.g. content distribution

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Abstract

多媒体流前端包括遗留条件接入(CA)设备(20)，其利用遗留密钥对流进行完全加密。将该流的拷贝发送到次级CA设备(24)，其利用次级密钥仅对流中的关键包进行加密，以提供局部加密流。获得来自遗留CA设备(20)的完全加密流中的关键包，并将其插入与局部加密流中相应的关键包相邻。因而，只有关键包被加密，加密版本由遗留CA(20)和次级CA(24)两者产生，而遗留CA(20)并不知道它加密的哪些包是“关键的”。

Description

用于局部加密多媒体流的系统和方法
本发明申请是国际申请日为2004年3月8日、中国专利申请号为200480008876.5、名称为“用于局部加密多媒体流的系统和方法”的分案申请。
相关申请
该申请是以下专利申请的部分继续申请：案号SNY-R4646.01、题为“关键包局部加密”、授予Unger等人的专利申请，序列号为10/038,217；案号SNY-R4646.02、题为“时分局部加密”、授予Candelore等人的专利申请，序列号为10/038,032；案号SNY-R4646.03、题为“基本流局部加密”、授予Candelore的专利申请，序列号为10/037,914；案号SNY-R4646.04、题为“局部加密和PID映射”、授予Unger等人的专利申请，序列号为10/037,499；以及案号SNY-R4646.05、题为“局部加密信息的解码和解密”、授予Unger等人的专利申请，序列号为10/037,498，所有这些都在2002年1月2日提交并由此通过引用结合在此；该申请还涉及于2002年11月22日提交、案号SNY-505305、题为“通过引用偏移量的加密传送流中的关键包选择”、授予Pedlow的序列号为60/429,011的U.S.临时专利申请，并要求其优先权益；该申请还涉及于2002年9月9日提交、案号50S5152、题为“用于内容替换的类PID重映射”、授予Candelore的序列号为60/409,675的U.S.临时专利申请，并要求其优先权益；该申请还涉及于2002年4月16日提交、案号50S5066、题为“用于内容替换应用的类PID重映射”、给予Candelore的序列号为60/372,870的U.S.临时专利申请，并要求其优先权益。该申请还涉及以下U.S.专利申请：序列号为10/273,905，于2002年10月18日提交，给予Candelore等人，题为“基于视频片和作用区的双重局部加密”，案号SNY-R4854.01；序列号为10/273,903，于2002年10月18日提交，给予Candelore等人，题为“星型局部加密”，案号SNY-S5064.01；序列号为10/274,084，于2002年10月18日提交，给予Candelore等人，题为“片屏蔽和沟型局部加密”，以及案号为SNY-S5065.01；序列号为10/274,019，于2002年10月18日提交，给予Candelore等人，题为“视频场景变化检测”，案号SNY-S5162.01。上述申请各自都由此通过引用结合在此。
技术领域
本发明一般涉及加密多媒体流。
背景技术
寻求保护的多媒体流(例如按观看次数计费的体育比赛、电影等)可以以一种方式在发射机(口语称作“前端”)以密钥加密，而接收电视机顶盒(STB)可以以互补密钥来解密内容用于观看。因此，有线服务提供商必须依照观众的机顶盒的性能来使用前端条件接入(CA)设备加密多媒体流。这些性能中的许多性能(包括解密性能)都专属于机顶盒的制造商。
恰好是只有很少的“现任者(incumbent)”公司出售大部分的机顶盒。因此，寻求进入有线电视机顶盒市场的竞争者必须从现任者获得专属密钥的许可，通常是以高价。这减少了竞争。
允许竞争的STB制造商进入市场而不用给现任者付许可费用的一种直接的替代方法应该是鼓励有线服务提供商在他们的前端(headend)利用和机顶盒提供商一样多的CA设备(使用各自的密钥集)对每个流完全加密。然而，这无疑会增加传送节目所必需的带宽总量，这是不希望的。因此，Sony开发了一种加密方案，通过它只有流的“关键”部分例如I-帧或者首部被加密，而流的剩余部分被不加密地发送，但是不能解密“关键”部分，它将毫无用处。这样，只有关键部分需要以加密形式复制，而不是整个流。更具体地说，只有关键部分由已经存在的(“遗留(1egacy)”)CA设备利用现任者的密钥并由次级条件接入过程利用竞争者的密钥进行加密。序列号10/038,217、于2002年1月2日提交、并通过引用结合在此的公布的U.S.专利申请公开了这样的方案。
正如在此理解的一样，由现任的提供商制造的遗留(传统)CA组件可以由现任的提供商编程来检测上面提到的过程正在进行。从而，遗留组件可以由现任者编程来废除该过程并且，由此来维持实际上的垄断。已经意识到这种可能，在下面提出了解决方案。
发明内容
一种用于多媒体传输的方法包括生成多媒体流的拷贝以提供(render)具有相同预定部分的第一和第二未加密流(clear stream)。方法还包括发送第一未加密流到第一条件接入(CA)组件，它可以是由现任者提供的遗留组件，来加密整个第一未加密流以提供完全加密流，而遗留组件并不了解第二未加密流。预定部分的加密版本从完全加密流获得。第二未加密流用于利用第二CA组件来加密预定部分以提供局部加密流。然后该方法预期将从完全加密流获得的加密预定部分插入到局部加密流中，用于其传输。
在首选实施例中，在线缆上将带有每个关键包的两个加密版本的局部加密流发送到多个机顶盒。或者，可以将局部加密流无线地广播到多个接收机。
最好，该方法包括利用距至少一个包标识符(PID)的相应偏移量来确定预定部分的位置。这些偏移量可以是按照自至少一个PID的包的整数数量。在首选实施例中，偏移量用于识别完全加密流中的加密预定部分的位置，用以获得它们并且例如与由第二CA组件生成的预定部分相邻、将它们插入到局部加密流中。
在另一方面，一种用于数字数据流的双重局部加密的系统包括：用于拷贝流以提供第一和第二流的装置；和用于只加密第一流的关键部分来提供局部加密流的第一条件接入(CA)装置。遗留CA装置加密整个第二流，以提供实质上完全加密流。提供用于仅将来自完全加密流的关键部分与局部加密流组合的装置。
在又一方面，一种用于在具有遗留条件接入(CA)设备的数字流发射机前端中使用的系统包括系统CA设备，它至少加密流的第一版本的预定部分，并且最好只加密预定部分。重组组件将来自于系统CA设备的预定部分与从由遗留CA设备生成的流的第二个版本的完全加密获得的预定部分组合到流例如流的第一版本中。
关于本发明结构和操作的详细内容，可以通过附图得到最好的理解，图中相似的参考标记是指相似的部分，以及图中：
附图说明
图1是体系结构框图；以及
图2是本逻辑的流程图。
具体实施方式
最开始参考图1，示出系统，一般标示10，它包括数字数据流例如多媒体流的源12。将这些流发送到关键包定位器和偏移量检测器14，其确定流中哪些包是“关键的”。关键包定位器和偏移量检测器14还确定每个关键包距基准包例如帧包的起始的偏移量(按照距一个或更多包标识符(PID)的包的整数数量)。上面引用的专利申请讨论了关键包的选择。为了明白和完整，关键包可以是MPEG流中的信息帧(“I-帧”)、或者打包基本流(PES)首部、或者视频的“作用区”、或者其他包含成功恢复图像和/或音频数据所必需的信息的主要包。最好，包含对图像数据中节目时钟基准(PCR)的引用的包(包括显示时间标记(PTS)和解码时间标记(DTS)信息)从不被标示为“关键”包。
如图1所示，关键包的偏移量存储在关键包的偏移量表16或者其他数据结构中。此外，将流从定位器14发送到拷贝数据流的流拷贝器18。应该理解，可以在识别关键包及其偏移量之前拷贝流。
如参考图1可以理解的，将流的一个版本发送到遗留条件接入(CA)设备20。遗留CA设备20可以被认为是由现任者提供的、依照现任者的专属CA方案、可以通过例如以加密密钥编码流来处理流的设备。遗留CA设备20依照常规的现任者CA原则来完全加密流，以提供完全加密流。
此外，将流的版本从流拷贝器发送到缓冲器，最好是循环的先进先出(FIFO)缓冲器22。由于遗留CA设备20依照下面讨论的原则的处理时间而引起的延迟，缓冲器22的长度应该足够得长(潜在地，固定长度)。出于管理目的，FIFO缓冲区22的长度可以按照帧/图像或者序列/GOP的增加来建立。
图1示出次级CA和重组设备24从FIFO缓冲器接收未加密流，并且从遗留CA设备20接收完全加密流。次级CA和重组设备24包括CA组件，它只加密从缓冲器22接收的未加密流中的关键包，留下流的其余部分不加密来给出局部加密流。次级CA设备24使用不同于遗留CA设备20所用的加密密钥。如果希望的话，通过次级CA设备24的传递(pass)可以受遗留CA设备20输出的新PCR值控制，从而由次级CA设备24产生的结果对应值不同，相差固定的偏移量。
此外，次级CA和重组设备24包括重组组件，它拷贝或者剥离或者以另外的方式获得来自从遗留CA设备20接收的完全加密流的只是现在加密的关键包，并且依照下面的原则将包插入到局部加密流中。局部加密流，现在带有每个关键包的两个加密版本(一个由遗留CA设备20产生，而一个由次级CA设备24产生)，可以由传输系统26在例如线缆、地面广播或者卫星广播上传输。
应该理解，次级CA和重组设备24的功能可以由分立组件承担。还应该理解，组件16、18、22和24的功能可以由单个次级CA计算设备或者系统或者分立设备/系统来执行，并且在此阐明的原则适用于可以有多个次级CA系统的总体系统10。
可以在图2中看到图1所示系统10所实现的逻辑。在块28开始，依照上面阐明的原则，识别流中的关键包及其距一个或多个预定包的偏移量。在块30存储偏移量(例如在偏移量表16中)，并且在块32由流拷贝器18拷贝流。
在块34将流的第一未加密(clear)版本发送到遗留CA设备20。在块36，遗留CA设备20依照现任的CA原则完全加密流。并行地，流的第二未加密版本在块38被缓冲，并且然后在块40由次级CA设备24局部加密。如上所提及的，次级CA设备24只加密关键包。
块42表示重组功能。通过访问关键包偏移量表16、获得偏移量以及利用距一个或者多个基准PID的偏移量遍历完全加密流来计数，获得来自遗留CA设备20的加密关键包。在每个标明的关键包的偏移量位置上，那个位置上的加密包通过例如从流中拷贝包来获得。然后将关键包插入到局部加密流中，直接紧邻该流中由次级CA设备24生成的相应的预先存在的关键包。在块44，发送带有每个关键包的两个加密版本(一个来自遗留CA设备20而一个来自次级CA设备24)的局部加密流。
尽管在此详细示出和描述的特定的“用于局部加密多媒体流的系统和方法”完全可以达到上面描述的本发明的目标，还是应该理解，它是本发明目前的首选实施例，因此代表了本发明广泛预期的主题。例如，在不太完善的解决方案中，次级CA设备24可以对流进行完全加密，以及可以将来自遗留和次级CA设备的完全加密版本的关键包拷贝并插入到流的第三未加密版本中，未加密的关键包已经被从中删除了。本发明的范围因此完全包含其他实施例，这对于本领域的技术人员是显然的，从而本发明的范围只由所附权利要求书限制，其中对元件的单数形式的引用不是用来意指“一个且仅有一个”，除非明确表明是这样，而是指“一个或更多”。将对本领域的技术人员是已知的或在以后会成为已知的上述首选实施例的元件的所有结构和功能等效物通过引用明白地结合在此，并且旨在由本权利要求书所包含。而且，对于装置或方法针对寻求由本发明解决的每个问题是没必要的，因为都由本权利要求书所包含。无论元件、组件、或者方法步骤是否在权利要求书中显式陈述，本公开内容中的元件、组件、或者方法步骤都不用来供公众使用。在此没有要求保护的要素是根据35U.S.C.§112第六段的条款来解释的，除非该要素是使用短语“装置用于”来明白地陈述，或者在方法权利要求的情况下，要素被陈述为“步骤”而不是“行为”。在此没有详细说明定义的权利要求术语具有与本说明书和文件历史记录相一致的所有通常和习惯上的意思。

Claims (14)

1.一种用于多媒体传输的方法，包括：
生成多媒体流的拷贝，以提供具有相同的关键部分的第一和第二未加密流；
发送第一未加密流到第一条件接入CA组件(20)，以加密整个第一未加密流，从而提供完全加密流，其中第一CA组件(20)是由现任者提供的遗留组件；
从所述完全加密流中获得所述关键部分的加密版本；
使用第二未加密流、利用第二CA组件(24)来加密所述关键部分，以提供局部加密流；以及
将从所述完全加密流中获得的加密关键部分插入到所述局部加密流中，以便其传输，
其中，所述方法还包括：利用距至少一个包标识符PID的相应偏移量来确定所述关键部分至少在所述流之一中的位置。
2.如权利要求1所述的方法，包括在线缆上发送所述局部加密流到多个机顶盒。
3.如权利要求1所述的方法，包括无线地广播所述局部加密流到多个接收机。
4.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述偏移量是按照距至少一个PID的包的整数数量。
5.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中所述偏移量用于识别加密的关键部分在所述完全加密流中的位置，以便获得它们并将它们插入到所述局部加密流中。
6.如权利要求1所述的方法，其中在所述局部加密流中与利用第二CA组件(24)加密的关键部分相邻、插入从所述完全加密流中获得的加密的关键部分。
7.一种用于数字数据流的双重局部加密的系统，包括：
用于拷贝所述流以提供第一流和第二流的装置(18)，所述第一流和第二流是未加密的且具有相同的关键部分；
第一条件接入CA装置(24)，用于只加密所述第一流的所述关键部分，以提供局部加密流；
遗留CA装置(20)，用于加密整个所述第二流，以提供实质上完全加密流；
用于仅将来自所述完全加密流的关键部分和所述局部加密流进行组合，以便其传输的装置(24)；以及
用于利用距至少一个包标识符PID的相应偏移量来确定关键部分至少在所述流之一中的位置的装置(14)。
8.如权利要求7所述的系统，还包括用于发送所述局部加密流的装置(26)。
9.如权利要求7所述的系统，包括用于在线缆上发送所述局部加密流到多个机顶盒的装置(26)。
10.如权利要求7所述的系统，包括用于无线地广播所述局部加密流到多个接收机的装置(26)。
11.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述偏移量是按照自至少一个PID的包的整数数量。
12.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中所述偏移量用于识别来自所述完全加密流的关键部分的位置。
13.如权利要求7所述的系统，其中由所述遗留CA装置(20)生成的关键部分在所述局部加密流中与由第一CA装置(24)生成的关键部分相邻。
14.一种在具有遗留条件接入CA设备(20)的数字流发射机前端中使用的系统(10)，包括：
至少系统CA设备(24)，其加密流的第一版本的至少关键部分，其中利用距至少一个包标识符PID的相应偏移量来确定所述关键部分至少在所述流之一中的位置；以及
重组组件(24)，其将来自所述系统CA设备(24)的关键部分和从所述流的第二版本的完全加密中获得的关键部分组合到流中以便其传输，所述完全加密由所述遗留CA设备(20)生成，所述流的第一版本和所述流的第二版本具有相同的所述关键部分。
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CA2517433A1 (en) 2005-03-31
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US7215770B2 (en) 2007-05-08
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