CN102023310A - Uniformity analysis method of three-dimensional observation system - Google Patents
Uniformity analysis method of three-dimensional observation system Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention provides a uniformity quantitative analysis method of a three-dimensional observation system. The uniformity quantitative analysis method is as follows: by calculating non-uniformity coefficient of coverage time distribution, non-uniformity coefficient of geophone offset distribution, non-uniformity coefficient of azimuth angle distribution and non-uniformity coefficient of geophone coverage, analyzing the distribution uniformity of coverage time, the geophone offset, the azimuth angle and the geophone coverage of the three-dimensional observation system qualitatively and quantitatively from two levels of a single surface element and a plurality of surface elements, instructing the design of the observation system, and providing basis of judgment for the accuracy of acquisition construction, so that the selection of the three-dimensional observation system can be more scientific, reasonable and objective.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to the even equal property analytical approach of a kind of stereo observing system, belong to oil seismic exploration stereo observing system design optimizing field, the quantitative analysis method of specifically a kind of earthquake-capturing three-dimensional observation system homogeneity.
Background technology
The high-precision three-dimensional seismic technology be face complicated seismic geological codition present stage, solve broken fault block, the practicable technical method of challenge such as hidden and lithologic deposit problem.
Recording geometry is mainly used to describe shot point and geophone station spatial relation and logical relation, is the primary carrier of high-precision three-dimensional seismic exploration technique, is the principal element of decision earthquake-capturing data quality, also is the basis of earthquake-capturing and Data Processing.Therefore the raising of high-precision three-dimensional seismic exploration technique at first faces earthquake-capturing recording geometry optimal design problem.
Conventional stereo observing system is based on the seismic prospecting ray theory when designing, recording geometry is calculated degree of covering distribution plan in each bin, the geophone offset distribution plan, azimuthal distribution figure (Spider Chart, rose diagram) bin attributed graph (accompanying drawing 1) such as, these maps can only be done qualitative analysis, can not do quantitative test.Under the ideal conditions, the even distributed model of even distributed model of geophone offset and position angle as shown in Figure 2.Fig. 2 (a): the most even geophone offset distribution, Fig. 2 (b) under the ideal conditions: geophone offset skewness, Fig. 2 (c): the most even azimuthal distribution, Fig. 2 (d) under the ideal conditions: azimuthal distribution is inhomogeneous.In the practice of construction, geophone offset distribution and azimuthal distribution are subjected to the influence of open-air barrier and the various parameters of recording geometry, and geophone offset and azimuthal distribution must have quantitative test.For a long time, when analyzing the different bin attribute of recording geometry, artificially the experience subjectivity qualitatively the opposite meta-attribute analyze, how evaluation becomes urgent problem to recording geometry on quantification ground.Relevant scholar (Duan Mengchuan in 2006; Yan Feng; Chen Xue waits people's patent No. 200610114254.1 by force) proposition a kind of recording geometry quantitative analysis method (effect is seen accompanying drawing 3), this method is analyzed two aspects when the analyzing three-dimensional recording geometry is good and bad: the degree of uniformity that the vertical line segment of (1) contrast bin attributed graph right lower quadrant distributes in the horizontal; (2) the spider web line segment in the middle of the contrast bin attributed graph is in the even program of four quadrants of circumference, calculates in the bin in geophone offset distribution consistency degree P, the bin degree of covering and distributes in horizontal vertical ratio, geophone offset distribution consistency degree aspect ratio, the bin vertically before and after the geophone offset distribution consistency degree and laterally to compare about the geophone offset distribution consistency degree than in, the bin.This method provides a kind of quantization method to a certain extent, the front and back that single bin inner analysis geophone offset, azimuthal distribution are had only 4 quadrants than and about ratio, do not consider that position angle and geophone offset more segment district's problem, do not provide map intuitively, influence The qualitative analysis.
The content of invention
The objective of the invention is to overcome in the prior art people and be qualitative analysis, do not provide map intuitively, the calculating that influences The qualitative analysis and only carry out single bin can not accurately be judged defective to the homogeneity of full overlay area, and a kind of analysis of Uniformity method that quantizes stereo observing system from single bin, two aspects in full overlay area is provided.
The present invention is the even equal property analytical approach of stereo observing system, cover heterogeneous coefficient by calculating degree of covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient, geophone offset distribution heterogeneous coefficient, azimuthal distribution heterogeneous coefficient and big gun inspection, on single bin, two aspects of a plurality of bin, the degree of covering of the stereo observing system that qualitative and quantitative analysis is given, geophone offset, position angle, big gun inspection cover the homogeneity that distributes, instruct the recording geometry design, may further comprise the steps:
1, obtains the SPS data by existing recording geometry scheme;
2, obtain a plurality of bin attribute datas in the full areal coverage of different stereo observing system earthquake-capturings by the SPS data computation, comprise degree of covering, geophone offset and position angle in each bin, and geophone offset and bearing data are sorted from big to small;
3, calculate the heterogeneous coefficient of degree of covering, position angle, geophone offset, big gun inspection covering respectively;
4, seismic exploration purpose in base area covers the heterogeneous coefficient weight preferred recording geometry scheme that sorts with distribute heterogeneous coefficient, azimuthal distribution heterogeneous coefficient, geophone offset distribution heterogeneous coefficient, big gun inspection of degree of covering, heterogeneous coefficient is more little, and the recording geometry homogeneity is good more.
The present invention can be qualitative, the cautious distribution situation of geophone offset, position angle and big gun of the single bin of quantitative test and a plurality of bin (in the appointed area), the performance difference of the different recording geometrys of comparative analysis on the whole, and then its result is fed back in the design process of recording geometry, also quantitatively the comparative observation system becomes the performance difference of seeing front and back, provide the foundation of judge for gathering the construction accuracy, the selection that makes stereo observing system is science, reasonable, objective more.
Description of drawings
Fig. 1 is conventional geophone offset and azimuthal distribution figure;
Fig. 2 is geophone offset under the ideal conditions, even, the non-homogeneous situation map of azimuthal distribution;
Fig. 3 is the tabulation of prior art quantized result;
Fig. 4 is a process flow diagram of the present invention;
Fig. 5 covers even situation key diagram for big gun inspection under the ideal conditions of the present invention;
Fig. 6 is geophone offset heterogeneous coefficient figure in the single bin of the present invention;
Fig. 7 is the present invention single bin interior orientation angle heterogeneous coefficient figure;
Fig. 8 covers heterogeneous coefficient figure for big gun inspection in the single bin of the present invention;
Fig. 9 is the full areal coverage geophone offset heterogeneous coefficient figure of the present invention;
Figure 10 the present invention is full areal coverage position angle heterogeneous coefficient figure;
Figure 11 the present invention covers heterogeneous coefficient figure for full areal coverage big gun inspection;
Figure 12 sees the back layout chart for the present invention becomes;
Figure 13 sees recording geometry degree of covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient figure in the appointed area, front and back for the present invention becomes.
Embodiment
The present invention is described further in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
By accompanying drawing 4 as can be known, the present invention includes following steps:
Parameter with in existing 5 recording geometry schemes in the table 1 obtains the SPS data.
The different recording geometry schemes of table 1
Obtain a plurality of bin attribute datas in the full areal coverage of different stereo observing system earthquake-capturings by the SPS data computation, comprise degree of covering, geophone offset and position angle in each bin, and geophone offset and bearing data are sorted from big to small.
Calculate degree of covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient, azimuthal distribution heterogeneous coefficient, geophone offset distribution heterogeneous coefficient, big gun inspection covering heterogeneous coefficient respectively, obtain table 2 result.
Quantitative analysis results in single bin of the different recording geometry schemes of table 2 and the full areal coverage
Degree of covering analysis of Uniformity method is as follows:
The degree of covering analysis of Uniformity realizes by calculating degree of covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient.
Degree of covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient is: quantitative evaluation becomes the departure degree of seeing back degree of covering and Design Theory degree of covering, and departure degree is big more, and degree of covering distribution heterogeneous system numerical value is big more.This provides a kind of evaluation means for the field becomes to see fast, guarantees the space continuity of earthquake sampling, realizes aligned sample, reduces the various illusions in the geological data, also can improve job design efficient simultaneously.
(1) reads in the SPS data computation and go out the interior degree of covering of each bin;
(2) calculate degree of covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient and heterogeneous coefficient become figure;
Computing formula is as follows:
Wherein N is each bin degree of covering;
Δ is desirable degree of covering average change value, is generally zero;
M is the bin number in the scope of zoning;
I is the bin sequence number;
(3) a plurality of bins of different earthquake capturing three-dimensional observation system (appointed area) degree of covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient map and degree of covering distribution heterogeneous system numerical value are compared, preferably wherein: the scheme (ideal value is 0) of degree of covering distribution heterogeneous system numerical value minimum.
Geophone offset analysis of Uniformity method is as follows:
The geophone offset analysis of Uniformity realizes by calculating the geophone offset heterogeneous coefficient.
Geophone offset distribution heterogeneous coefficient is: the departure degree that geophone offset distributes under geophone offset distribution of quantitative test design stereo observing system and the ideal conditions, and departure degree is big more, and geophone offset distribution heterogeneous system numerical value is just big more.
(1) obtains a plurality of bin geophone offset data in the full areal coverage of different stereo observing system earthquake-capturings by the SPS data computation, the geophone offset data of each bin are sorted from big to small;
(2) geophone offset in each bin uniformly-spaced is divided into the N-1 section by minimum geophone offset and maximum offset,
Each section is
Xmin is minimum geophone offset in the formula, and Xmax is a maximum offset, and N is a degree of covering;
(3) utilization statistics mean square deviation formula calculates geophone offset distribution heterogeneous coefficient and the one-tenth figure in each bin.Formula is as follows:
In the formula, N is a degree of covering, and Xi represents geophone offset i road geophone offset.σ generally speaking
2〉=0, σ
2More little, geophone offset distributes just even more, σ under the described in the above ideal situation
2=0;
Add up the heterogeneous coefficient σ of the geophone offset of all bins, calculate the average of whole full overlay area geophone offset heterogeneous coefficient again
With full overlay area (appointed area) geophone offset heterogeneous coefficient map of different earthquake capturing three-dimensional observation system and average
Compare, preferably wherein:
To the preferred wherein scheme of geophone offset distribution heterogeneous system numerical value σ minimum (ideal value is 0) of the single bin analysis of recording geometry;
The a plurality of bins of recording geometry (full areal coverage) are analyzed preferably wherein geophone offset distribution heterogeneous system numerical value
Minimum is optimum.
Position angle analysis of Uniformity method is as follows:
The position angle analysis of Uniformity realizes by the computer azimuth angle heterogeneous coefficient.
The azimuthal distribution heterogeneous coefficient is: the departure degree of azimuthal distribution is big more under quantitative test design stereo observing system azimuthal distribution and the ideal conditions, and azimuthal distribution heterogeneous system numerical value is just big more.
(1), the bearing data of each bin is sorted from big to small at first by each bin azimuth value of SPS data computation;
(2) each angle, bin interior orientation spider web line segment is divided into N-1 part by Δ X=360 degree/N-1, N is a degree of covering;
(3) utilization statistics mean square deviation formula calculates azimuthal distribution heterogeneous coefficient and the one-tenth figure in each bin.Formula is as follows:
In the formula, N is a degree of covering, and Xi represents position angle, i road, X in the formula
MaxBe 360 degree, X
MinIt is 0 degree.σ generally speaking
2〉=0, σ
2More little, azimuthal distribution is just even more, σ under the described in the above ideal situation
2=0;
(4) calculate the whole average that expires all bin position angle heterogeneous coefficients of overlay area
(5) with full overlay area (appointed area) position angle heterogeneous coefficient map of different earthquake capturing three-dimensional observation system and average
Compare, preferably wherein:
To the preferred wherein scheme of azimuthal distribution heterogeneous system numerical value σ minimum (ideal value is 0) of the single bin analysis of recording geometry;
The a plurality of bins of recording geometry (full areal coverage) are analyzed preferably wherein azimuthal distribution heterogeneous system numerical value
Minimum is optimum.
It is as follows that the big gun inspection covers the analysis of Uniformity method:
The big gun inspection covers analysis of Uniformity and realizes by calculating big gun inspection covering heterogeneous coefficient.
The big gun inspection covers heterogeneous coefficient: the homogeneity that the big gun inspection covers is meant both considers the degree of covering homogeneity, considers geophone offset, the inhomogeneity a kind of evaluation method in position angle simultaneously, is the most comprehensive overall target.It is to adopt the potential function principle to calculate its heterogeneous coefficient.It is more little that the big gun inspection covers heterogeneous system numerical value; The cautious distribution of big gun is even more.
The big gun inspection covers the homogeneity key diagram shown in accompanying drawing 5, and four points are shot point or geophone station among the figure, and it has following four principles: 1, require between the point apart from big as far as possible.2, can not be too near to the border.3, the low-dimensional projection preferably can be satisfied uniformity requirement.4, preferably can calculate numerical value.Use above 4 principles to draw: Fig. 5-(a) is than Fig. 5-(b) poor, and Fig. 5-(b) is than Fig. 5-(c) poor, and Fig. 5-(c) is than Fig. 5-(d) poor.Potential function and mean square deviation method are quoted in its quantification, and implementation step is as follows:
For each bin, any one the big gun inspection that describe its correspondence is right, needs 4 parameters (shot point horizontal ordinate xs, shot point ordinate ys, geophone station horizontal ordinate xr, geophone station ordinate yr).Because the position of shot point and geophone station always the symmetry, therefore, we introduce offset coordinates (xh, yh):
x
h＝x
r-x
s
y
h＝y
r-y
s
This moment, the big gun inspection distributing homogeneity of each bin became a two-dimentional uniform Design problem.In uniform Design, consider the character and realization complexity of various measures at present, we have finally selected a kind of homogeneity tolerance based on physical potential function model to estimate method.It mainly is defined as follows:
(1) note m dimension unit space C
m=[0,1), and n wherein point, x1, x2 ..., xn is a S set 0;
(2) S set t is defined as m dimension unit space Cm, t=[0+t, and 1+t) the some x1+t in,
X2+t ..., xn+t, t are the vectorial t=(k of m-dimensional space
1, k
2..., k
m), k wherein
1, k
2..., k
mBe integer;
(3) definition m is the sequence vector in space, t
1=(0,0 ..., 0), t
2=(0,0 ..., 0,1), t
3=(0,0 ..., 1,0) ..., t
1-1=(1,1 ..., 1,0), t
1=(1,1 ..., 1,1), l=2 wherein
m
(4) with Cm and n point wherein, x1, x2 ..., xn duplicates along the t continuation, constructs a length of side and be 2 square body [x
i-1, x
i+ 1);
(5) with xi be the center, the length of side be 2 square body in [x
i-1, x
i+ 1) point in is designated as
Wherein
1K=1,2 ..., n; K ≠ i; S=1,2 ..., l; t
s=(t
S1, t
S2..., t
Sm); The point
Coordinate be
Be defined as follows:
(6) potential function of some xi is defined as an xi and square body [x
i-1, x
i+ 1) in have a few
The interaction potential function and, be designated as fi, have:
(7) m dimension unit space C
m=[0,1), wherein be furnished with n point, x1, x2 ..., xn, this potential function of layouting is:
From top definition as can be seen, potential function f is with n some x1, x2 ..., the coordinate of xn is the function of variable, does not have maximum value, has only minimal value.Its physical significance is, supposes that each position of layouting is the particle of a band equivalent electric charge because the repulsive interaction between electric charge, these particles can be mutually away from.Because of us these electric charges in this space have been carried out continuation and duplicated simultaneously, made also there is mutual repulsion effect between space and the space that this effect can make particle close mutually.Under two kinds of equilibrium of forces effects, electric charge can be as far as possible evenly and being distributed in this space of disperseing, in other words, potential function f is more little, the distribution of layouting is also just even more;
(8) utilization potential function formula calculates big gun inspection covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient f and one-tenth figure in each bin;
(9) the big gun inspection of the full overlay area (appointed area) of different earthquake capturing three-dimensional observation system is covered distribution heterogeneous coefficient f map and average
Compare, preferably wherein:
The preferred wherein big gun inspection of the single bin analysis of recording geometry is covered the scheme (ideal value is 0) of heterogeneous system numerical value f minimum;
Analyzing preferably wherein to a plurality of bins of recording geometry (full areal coverage), the big gun inspection covers heterogeneous system numerical value
Minimum is optimum
It is as shown in table 2 to a plurality of bin inner analysis comparing results from single bin to above 5 recording geometrys to use the present invention, and concrete contrast effect figure sees accompanying drawing 6-accompanying drawing 11.
From the comparing result of five above-mentioned recording geometrys as can be seen, the scheme that heterogeneous coefficient is little is better, but, when inconsistent, then should select best recording geometry according to the geological condition and the exploration purpose of reality as if the homogeneity result who contrasts out from different angles.
Degree of covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient among the present invention is mainly used in to instruct to become fast sees design, for example need become and see design in reasons such as running into barrier, see recording geometry shown in the accompanying drawing 12, design is seen in different changes can cause that the degree of covering local distribution is inhomogeneous, change hour when become seeing the design degree of covering, degree of covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient minimum becomes to see to design and satisfies construction requirement, and its effect is seen shown in the accompanying drawing 13.
Claims (5)
1. a stereo observing system is spared equal property analytical approach, cover heterogeneous coefficient by calculating degree of covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient, geophone offset distribution heterogeneous coefficient, azimuthal distribution heterogeneous coefficient and big gun inspection, on single bin, two aspects of a plurality of bin, the degree of covering of the stereo observing system that qualitative and quantitative analysis is given, geophone offset, position angle, big gun inspection cover the homogeneity that distributes, instruct the recording geometry design, it is characterized in that may further comprise the steps:
(1) obtains the SPS data by existing recording geometry scheme;
(2) obtain a plurality of bin attribute datas in the full areal coverage of different stereo observing system earthquake-capturings by the SPS data computation, comprise degree of covering, geophone offset and position angle in each bin, and geophone offset and bearing data are sorted from big to small;
(3) calculate the heterogeneous coefficient that degree of covering, position angle, geophone offset, big gun inspection cover respectively;
(4) seismic exploration purpose in base area covers the heterogeneous coefficient weight preferred recording geometry scheme that sorts with degree of covering, azimuthal distribution, geophone offset, big gun inspection.
2. stereo observing system according to claim 1 is spared equal property analytical approach, it is characterized in that degree of covering analysis of Uniformity method may further comprise the steps:
(1) reads in the SPS data computation and go out the interior degree of covering of each bin;
(2) calculate degree of covering heterogeneous coefficient and heterogeneous coefficient become figure;
Computing formula is as follows:
Wherein N is each bin degree of covering;
Δ is desirable degree of covering average change value, is generally zero;
M is the bin number in the scope of zoning;
(3) a plurality of bins of different earthquake capturing three-dimensional observation system (appointed area) degree of covering heterogeneous coefficient map and degree of covering heterogeneous system numerical value are compared, preferably wherein: the scheme of degree of covering heterogeneous system numerical value minimum (ideal value is 0).
3. stereo observing system according to claim 1 and 2 is spared equal property analytical approach, it is characterized in that geophone offset analysis of Uniformity method is as follows:
(1) obtains a plurality of bin geophone offset data in the full areal coverage of different stereo observing system earthquake-capturings by the SPS data computation, the geophone offset data of each bin are sorted from big to small;
(2) geophone offset in each bin uniformly-spaced is divided into the N-1 section by minimum geophone offset and maximum offset, each section is
Xmin is minimum geophone offset in the formula, and Xmax is a maximum offset, and N is a degree of covering;
(3) utilization statistics mean square deviation formula calculates geophone offset distribution heterogeneous coefficient and the one-tenth figure in each bin.Formula is as follows:
In the formula, N is a degree of covering, and Xi represents geophone offset i road geophone offset.σ generally speaking
2〉=0, σ
2More little, geophone offset distributes just even more, σ under the described in the above ideal situation
2=0;
Add up the heterogeneous coefficient σ of the geophone offset of all bins, calculate the average of whole full overlay area geophone offset heterogeneous coefficient again
With full overlay area (appointed area) geophone offset heterogeneous coefficient map of different earthquake capturing three-dimensional observation system and average
Compare, preferably wherein:
To the preferred wherein scheme of geophone offset distribution heterogeneous system numerical value σ minimum (ideal value is 0) of the single bin analysis of recording geometry;
The a plurality of bins of recording geometry (full areal coverage) are analyzed preferably wherein geophone offset distribution heterogeneous system numerical value
Minimum is optimum.
4. stereo observing system according to claim 1 and 2 is spared equal property analytical approach, it is characterized in that position angle analysis of Uniformity method is as follows:
(1), the bearing data of each bin is sorted from big to small at first by each bin azimuth value of SPS data computation;
(2) each angle, bin interior orientation spider web line segment is divided into N-1 part by Δ X=360 degree/N-1, N is a degree of covering;
(3) utilization statistics mean square deviation formula calculates azimuthal distribution heterogeneous coefficient and the one-tenth figure in each bin.Formula is as follows:
In the formula, N is a degree of covering, and Xi represents position angle, i road, and Xmax is 360 degree in the formula, and Xmin is 0 degree.σ generally speaking
2〉=0, σ
2More little, azimuthal distribution is just even more, σ under the described in the above ideal situation
2=0;
(4) calculate the whole average that expires all bin position angle heterogeneous coefficients of overlay area
(5) with full overlay area (appointed area) position angle heterogeneous coefficient map of different earthquake capturing three-dimensional observation system and average
Compare, preferably wherein:
To the preferred wherein scheme of azimuthal distribution heterogeneous system numerical value σ minimum (ideal value is 0) of the single bin analysis of recording geometry;
The a plurality of bins of recording geometry (full areal coverage) are analyzed preferably wherein azimuthal distribution heterogeneous system numerical value
Minimum is optimum.
5. stereo observing system according to claim 1 and 2 is spared equal property analytical approach, and it is as follows to it is characterized in that the big gun inspection covers the analysis of Uniformity method:
(1) note m dimension unit space C
m=[0,1), and n wherein point, x1, x2 ..., xn is a S set 0;
(2) S set t is defined as m dimension unit space Cm, t=[0+t, and 1+t) the some x1+t in,
X2+t ..., xn+t, t are the vectorial t=(k of m-dimensional space
1, k
2..., k
m), k wherein
1, k
2..., k
mBe integer;
(3) definition m is the sequence vector in space, t
1=(0,0 ..., 0), t
2=(0,0 ..., 0,1), t
3=(0,0 ..., 1,0) ..., t
1-1=(1,1 ..., 1,0), t
1=(1,1 ..., 1,1), l=2 wherein
mL=2
m
(4) with Cm and n point wherein, x1, x2 ..., xn duplicates along the t continuation, constructs a length of side and be 2 square body [x
i-1, x
i+ 1);
(5) with xi be the center, the length of side be 2 square body in [x
i-1, x
i+ 1) point in is designated as
Wherein
1K=1,2 ..., n; K ≠ i; S=1,2 ..., l; t
s=(t
S1, t
S2..., t
Sm); The point
Coordinate be
Be defined as follows:
(6) potential function of some xi is defined as an xi and square body [x
i-1, x
i+ 1) in have a few
The interaction potential function and, be designated as fi, have:
(7) m dimension unit space C
m=[0,1), wherein be furnished with n point, x1, x2 ..., xn, this potential function of layouting is:
(8) utilization potential function formula calculates big gun inspection covering distribution heterogeneous coefficient f and one-tenth figure in each bin;
(9) the big gun inspection of the full overlay area (appointed area) of different earthquake capturing three-dimensional observation system is covered distribution heterogeneous coefficient f map and average
Compare, preferably wherein:
The preferred wherein big gun inspection of the single bin analysis of recording geometry is covered the scheme of heterogeneous system numerical value f minimum.
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| FR2795841B1 (en) * | 1999-07-02 | 2001-08-10 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | METHOD FOR GRADUALLY DEFORMING SEQUENTIAL SIMULATIONS OF A HETEROGENEOUS MEDIUM SUCH AS AN UNDERGROUND AREA |
| CN1158539C (en) * | 2001-07-13 | 2004-07-21 | 石油大学(北京) | Optimizing design method of 3D seismic observation system based on geologic geophysical model |
| CN100514087C (en) * | 2006-11-03 | 2009-07-15 | 中国石油集团东方地球物理勘探有限责任公司 | Quantitative analysis method for earthquake-capturing three-dimensional observation system |
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