CN113156512A - Three-dimensional earthquake observation method, equipment and system suitable for controllable seismic source excitation - Google Patents
Three-dimensional earthquake observation method, equipment and system suitable for controllable seismic source excitation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN113156512A CN113156512A CN202010013598.3A CN202010013598A CN113156512A CN 113156512 A CN113156512 A CN 113156512A CN 202010013598 A CN202010013598 A CN 202010013598A CN 113156512 A CN113156512 A CN 113156512A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- offset
- determining
- uniformity
- observation system
- distance
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims description 43
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 claims description 20
- 238000012937 correction Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000013075 data extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 abstract description 44
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 abstract description 32
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000007619 statistical method Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 64
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 21
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 20
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 15
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 11
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000004364 calculation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003384 imaging method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004451 qualitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011002 quantification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009194 climbing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010835 comparative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007405 data analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002708 enhancing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004445 quantitative analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012163 sequencing technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/28—Processing seismic data, e.g. for interpretation or for event detection
- G01V1/36—Effecting static or dynamic corrections on records, e.g. correcting spread; Correlating seismic signals; Eliminating effects of unwanted energy
- G01V1/362—Effecting static or dynamic corrections; Stacking
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/003—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V2210/00—Details of seismic processing or analysis
- G01V2210/30—Noise handling
- G01V2210/32—Noise reduction
- G01V2210/322—Trace stacking
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Geophysics (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a three-dimensional seismic observation method, a three-dimensional seismic observation system, a three-dimensional seismic observation computer device and a computer readable storage medium suitable for vibroseis excitation, and relates to the technical field of oil-gas exploration. The method optimizes design parameters of an observation system on the basis of the original traditional observation system design, further analyzes the influence of different observation system designs on the construction efficiency and the seismic data quality, and preferably selects an observation system suitable for vibroseis exploration; according to the suppression of the superimposed data signals on interference wave noise and the statistical analysis of the superimposed data, determining the covering times and the offset uniformity; and optimizing the observation system according to the covering times and the offset uniformity.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of geophysical exploration, in particular to an earthquake observation technology, and specifically relates to a three-dimensional earthquake observation method, a three-dimensional earthquake observation system, computer equipment and a computer readable storage medium suitable for vibroseis excitation.
Background
With the continuous promotion of the exploration degree of the firewood basin, the oil exploration enters a stage of climbing to cross the bank and attacking firmly. At present, new exploration blocks are few, and the exploration mode mainly takes three-dimensional seismic exploration as a main mode on the basis of old exploration blocks, namely oil area exploration and gas area exploration.
In recent years, with the continuous deepening of geological understanding, a complex underground geological structure puts higher demands on the quality of exploration data, and on the other hand, under the conditions that the international oil price falls, the total cost of an exploration block (unit area) is reduced, and the labor cost and the raw material price rise year by year, the exploration effect is restricted by the problem of acquisition cost.
At present, seismic exploration excited by a controllable seismic source in a chada basin is widely applied, but an observation system for seismic acquisition still stays in a traditional orthogonal observation system, the advantages and disadvantages of the optimization design of the observation system lack judgment basis and quantification standards, the acquisition cost is easily increased, the quality of a seismic section is not improved, the orthogonal observation system is not suitable for seismic source excitation exploration and needs to be further optimized, and the field operation efficiency is improved.
Therefore, how to provide a new solution to solve the above technical problems is a technical problem to be solved in the art.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of this, embodiments of the present invention provide a three-dimensional seismic observation method, system, computer device and computer readable storage medium suitable for vibroseis excitation, which optimize the design of a conventional three-dimensional seismic observation system to optimize the observation system suitable for vibroseis exploration, suppress interference waves and improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data by the superposition noise suppression of seismic data, thereby solving the complex geological problem, and at the same time, facilitate construction, improve the field seismic data acquisition efficiency and save the acquisition cost.
One of the purposes of the invention is to provide a three-dimensional seismic observation method suitable for vibroseis excitation, which comprises the following steps:
the signals of different excitation points of the same reflection point are subjected to dynamic correction and then are superposed to obtain a superposed data signal;
determining times and offset uniformity according to the superposed data signals;
and optimizing the observation system according to the times and the offset uniformity.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a three-dimensional seismic observation system suitable for vibroseis excitation, comprising:
the signal superposition module is used for superposing the signals of different excitation points of the same reflection point after dynamic correction to obtain a superposed data signal;
the parameter determining module is used for determining times and offset uniformity according to the superposed data signals;
and the system optimization module is used for optimizing the observation system according to the times and the offset uniformity.
One of the objects of the present invention is to provide a computer apparatus comprising: a processor adapted to implement instructions and a memory device storing instructions adapted to be loaded by the processor and to perform a method of three-dimensional seismic observation suitable for vibroseis excitation.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing a three-dimensional seismic observation method suitable for vibroseis excitation.
The invention has the beneficial effects that the three-dimensional earthquake observation method, the system, the computer equipment and the computer readable storage medium suitable for the excitation of the controllable earthquake source are provided, the observation system suitable for the exploration of the controllable earthquake source is preferably selected by carrying out the optimization design on the traditional three-dimensional earthquake observation system, interference waves are further suppressed, the signal-to-noise ratio of earthquake data is improved by the superposition noise suppression treatment of the earthquake data, the complex geological problem is solved, meanwhile, the construction is convenient, the field earthquake data acquisition efficiency is improved, and the acquisition cost is saved.
In order to make the aforementioned and other objects, features and advantages of the invention comprehensible, preferred embodiments accompanied with figures are described in detail below.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions in the prior art, the drawings used in the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly described below, it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and for those skilled in the art, other drawings can be obtained according to the drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating the distribution characteristics of offset and azimuth for a single CMP bin in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a conventional three-dimensional seismic orthogonal observation system;
FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a conventional three-dimensional seismic survey system tile;
FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the offset size distribution of a conventional orthogonal observation system 2S32R 176T;
FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a conventional orthogonal observation system 2S32R176T, offset distance distribution feature;
FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of locations with shot spacing of 90m, receiving track spacing of 30m, and different offset distances within a CMP bin;
FIG. 7 is a diagram of shot spacing 90m, receiver track spacing 30m, CMP internal and offset distribution characteristics and noise suppression characteristics;
FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of positions of shot spacing 60m, receiving track spacing 30m, and different offset distances within a CMP bin;
FIG. 9 is a diagram of shot spacing 60m, receiver track spacing 30m, CMP internal and offset distribution characteristics and noise suppression characteristics;
FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of positions of shot spacing 30m, receiving track spacing 30m, and different offset distances within a CMP bin;
FIG. 11 is a diagram showing the shot spacing of 30m, the receiving track spacing of 30m, the CMP internal and offset distribution characteristics and the noise suppression characteristics;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the positions of a shot point and a demodulator probe in the longitudinal and transverse directions of an orthogonal observation system;
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the scrolling of arrangement pieces with different horizontal receiving line numbers in an orthogonal observation system;
FIG. 14 is a histogram of 24L4S312T, orthogonal view system, receive line roll 2, offset distance;
FIG. 15 is a graph of 24L2S312T, orthogonal, receive line rolling 1 bar, offset distance spacing histogram feature;
FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of the conventional orthogonal observation system, shot point, and demodulator probe layout;
FIG. 17 is a schematic view of an optimized observation system;
FIG. 18 is a histogram of offset distances for a conventional orthogonal observation system;
FIG. 19 is a histogram of the offset spacing for the optimized observation system;
FIG. 20 is a schematic view of the optimized travel route of the front seismic source vehicle;
FIG. 21 is a diagram of the travel route of the seismic source vehicle after optimization;
FIG. 22 is a flow chart of an observation system optimization design in an embodiment of the present invention;
FIG. 23 is a schematic view of an offset distribution feature;
fig. 24 is a schematic structural diagram of a three-dimensional seismic observation system suitable for vibroseis excitation according to an embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 25 is a flowchart of a three-dimensional seismic observation method suitable for vibroseis excitation according to an embodiment of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings in the embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious that the described embodiments are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, and not all of the embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments given herein without making any creative effort, shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.
As will be appreciated by one skilled in the art, embodiments of the present invention may be embodied as a system, apparatus, method or computer program product. Accordingly, the present disclosure may be embodied in the form of: entirely hardware, entirely software (including firmware, resident software, micro-code, etc.), or a combination of hardware and software.
The principles and spirit of the present invention are explained in detail below with reference to several representative embodiments of the invention.
The method adopts some measures in the aspect of seismic exploration technology, well gun excitation is adopted in the past, drilling procedures and material consumption (explosive and detonator) are used as main costs, a controllable seismic source (seismic source vehicle) is adopted at present, the method has the advantages of environmental protection and high efficiency, and the defects that noise (noise) generated on the ground and interference generated by the method are serious, and the signal-to-noise ratio of data and the seismic profile imaging effect are influenced.
In order to suppress interference waves to the maximum extent and improve effective reflected wave effective information, the method adopts technical means such as high-density sampling, high-order number, long arrangement, small track pitch and the like, so that the data quality is improved, but still many problems are faced, and some repeated exploration regional data are unsatisfactory, so that the exploration design is required to be continuously optimized.
The exploration difficulty lies in that the earth surface of the chada basin is mostly a complex mountain land and a Gobi sand beach, and the excitation condition of seismic waves is poor, so that the energy absorption and attenuation of shallow stratum to the seismic waves are fast, the energy of effective reflected waves is weak, and meanwhile, interference waves (surface waves, refracted waves and random interference waves) generated by seismic excitation are serious and are not beneficial to the noise suppression and noise removal processing of seismic data; the underground geological structure is very complex, the stratum inclination angle is steep, the fracture is relatively developed, the seismic wave emission path is complex and changeable, belongs to a low signal-to-noise ratio area of seismic data, and is not beneficial to data superposition imaging of the seismic data; in recent years, labor cost and material cost are increased rapidly, so that seismic exploration is required to continuously optimize a seismic acquisition scheme, and labor productivity is improved. Aiming at the characteristics of comparative development of the interference waves of the seismic exploration of the Chadmaki basin, the parameter design of the seismic acquisition technology only works around the superposition technology of the seismic combination technology and the observation system design, so that the noise is further suppressed, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the data is improved.
In the early stage of seismic exploration, limited by acquisition equipment, the field seismic large-area combination (one detection point is adopted, 24-48 detectors are adopted, and different types of area combinations) is mainly utilized to suppress interference waves and improve the reflection information of effective waves, the noise suppression effect is related to the number of shot point combinations, the number of detection point combinations, the combination spacing and the combination mode, and certain exploration effect is obtained in partial blocks.
With the updating of electronic equipment, the number of receiving channels of the field seismic recording instrument is continuously expanded from original channels of 48, 96 and 120 to ten thousand channels at present, the frequency is increased from original channels of 48 to 120 to 240 to 8000, meanwhile, the computer technology is continuously improved, the seismic data processing means is continuously improved, and the seismic stacking technology is more favorable for improving the quality of a seismic section. The statistical effect of the seismic and stacking combinations follows mathematically the same formula, and the signal-to-noise ratio of the combination increases by n1/2In practice, the n-time superposition statistical effect is easier to realize than the combination of n detectors or shot points. Therefore, superposition combining is the main means to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data.
Three-dimensional seismic exploration is a main means for solving the problem of complex underground geology, and the design of an observation system of the three-dimensional seismic exploration is related to the quality of data acquisition and the acquisition efficiency. Main acquisition parameters of acquisition: the maximum offset (X), namely the maximum array length (receiving range), meets the requirements of seismic data processing, such as the requirement of dynamic correction tensile distortion on the maximum array length, the requirement of speed analysis precision error on the maximum array length, and the requirement of stable reflection coefficient on the maximum array lengthThe requirement of the array length is determined; the number (N) of times is determined by observing underground reflection points for multiple times in different directions, enhancing reflected wave energy, reducing interference wave energy, improving the signal-to-noise ratio of data, and parameter demonstration mainly according to the requirements of space false frequency on surface elements and the requirements of longitudinal resolution on surface elements and reference tests or the conventional seismic profile comparison; distance between shots (D)S) Distance to track (D)R) Receive line spacing (L)R) Distance from gun line (L)S) The spatial density of the sampling points is reflected, and the signal-to-noise ratio and the resolution ratio of the data are influenced by the size of the spatial density of the sampling points.
The conventional three-dimensional seismic exploration observation system design mainly combines the original seismic data and the existing problems, the seismic acquisition parameter demonstration only meets a certain requirement of data processing and geological tasks, the qualitative analysis of a single parameter is completed, the internal relation among all parameters is not quantitatively analyzed, and the analysis of noise suppression by the acquisition parameters is easy to cause 'considering one another', on one hand, the acquisition cost is increased, and on the other hand, the quality of seismic sections of a part of exploration blocks is not greatly improved.
In fact, regardless of the received track pitch and shot pitch, the received line pitch and shot pitch, the number of times, and the maximum array length, the acquired seismic data is finally concentrated to the analysis of CMP bin attributes, including the number of times, offset distribution characteristics, and azimuth distribution characteristics. The superposition technique is used to suppress the noise to the maximum extent, improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the data, and judge the distribution characteristics including the size (d) of the offset distance and the uniformity of the offset distance distribution according to the offset distance to be watched. The distribution characteristics have close relation with parameters such as times, observation modes, maximum offset and the like, and the analysis in the aspect is lacked at present.
As is well known to those skilled in the art, three-dimensional seismic is a common observation system, with the difficulties of acquiring three-dimensional wide-line seismic data, how to suppress noise using stacking techniques, and how much influence is given to the quality of stacked seismic sections? On the other hand, how do observation system design optimization have an effect on "how good or bad" seismic data? How is the criteria for "good or bad" seismic data judged? Analysis in this respect is currently lacking. For example, in the three-dimensional wide-line seismic technology, the observation system is 24L4S312T, the number of the shot points and the receiving wave detection points is the same, the times are the same, but the observation modes are different, the obtained seismic data are different, and the exploration effect is finally influenced.
The spatial positions of shot points and wave detection points are regularly and uniformly distributed, and the arrangement pieces of the observation system longitudinally and transversely roll to obtain CMP surface element data which comprises the distribution characteristics of times, azimuth angles and offset distances. Generally, the frequency is increased to the maximum, so that noise can be suppressed better, the profile quality of seismic exploration is improved, the method is not an optimal scheme, on one hand, the frequency is increased to a certain degree, more times are increased, the profile quality of seismic exploration is not greatly improved, the exploration cost is increased in multiples, on the other hand, the linkage relation among the frequency, the maximum offset and the offset distribution is not considered, the frequency is improved easily, and the uniformity of the offset distribution is realized under the condition of certain frequency, so that the difficulty is higher.
Seismic data acquired by observation system design are reflected on surface element (CMP) attributes, including azimuth (direction), frequency (fold), and offset (offset). Different observation systems and observation modes have different attribute characteristics of the acquired seismic data, the prior observation system design is emphasized to meet the requirement of times and the comparative analysis of the times on the seismic profile, the distribution of offset distance and the influence on the seismic profile are ignored, and the azimuth angle, the times and the offset data are mutually linked, so that the times data cannot be analyzed independently. According to the analysis of the times and the superposition response, the signal-to-noise ratio improved by the superposition technology is in direct proportion to the square of the times, and under the condition of certain times, the superposition response suppressed by the interference wave is related to the characteristics of the offset distribution, including the uniformity of the offset distribution.
Aiming at the problems in the prior art, the invention provides a structural schematic diagram of a three-dimensional earthquake observation system suitable for vibroseis excitation, which is characterized in that the noise suppression effects of different observation modes are compared by the frequency and offset distribution characteristic data in a CMP surface element, and parameters (track pitch, shot pitch, frequency and the like) and the observation modes are further optimized according to the suppression effects. Referring to fig. 24, the three-dimensional seismic observation system suitable for vibroseis excitation includes:
and the signal superposition module 100 is used for superposing the seismic signals of different excitation points of the same reflection point after dynamic correction to obtain a superposition data signal. The superposition effect is related to the design of the observation system, the observation mode, the times, the offset distribution and the like are important parameters for the design of the observation system, the parameters are linked with each other, the design parameters such as the observation mode, the times, the maximum offset (arrangement length) and the like are related once through the calculation of an offset distribution uniformity formula, and the quality of the design of the observation system is further quantitatively analyzed according to the uniformity value.
A parameter determining module 200, configured to determine a number of times and an offset uniformity according to the superimposed data signal;
and the system optimization module 300 is used for optimizing the observation system according to the times and the offset uniformity.
Wherein the parameter determination module 200 comprises:
the frequency determining module is used for determining the frequency according to the superposed data signals;
and the offset determining module is used for determining the uniformity of the offset according to the times.
That is, the invention provides a new approach for designing a three-dimensional seismic observation system suitable for vibroseis excitation, further optimizes the technical scheme of design, and improves the quality of a seismic section under the condition of not increasing the acquisition cost. Fig. 22 is a flowchart of an optimization design of an observation system in an embodiment of the present invention, which compares noise suppression effects of different observation modes with data of times and offset distribution characteristics in a CMP bin, and further optimizes parameters (track pitch, shot pitch, times, etc.) and observation modes according to the suppression effects. First, the common reflection points are superimposed. The method can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of data and improve the quality of seismic records by superposing the signals of different excitation points from the same underground reflection point after dynamic correction. Second, the number of times the system was designed was observed. The number of times is an important parameter for observing system design. At present, the selection of parameters is mainly based on section comparison of different times, the comparison analysis method needs to be further improved, the selection of the times needs to meet the requirement of the superposition technology on noise suppression, the analysis on the interference wave characteristics of an exploration area needs to be strengthened, and as long as the requirements of superposition combination (offset distance size) and combination distance smaller than 0.8 time of the minimum interference wavelength are met, the noise is suppressed to the maximum extent, and the times are preliminarily determined. Again, offset analysis of the system design was observed. The design of the three-dimensional earthquake acquisition observation system mainly considers the spatial position relationship and the observation mode of a shot point and a wave detection point, statistically analyzes the distribution characteristics and the uniformity of the offset distribution of the observation system, and preliminarily presets the observation mode and the traveling route of a seismic source vehicle according with conditions by the distribution characteristics of the offset distribution. And finally, analyzing the superposition response of the observation system design. The superposition technology is the most effective method for suppressing noise, and only by suppressing interference waves to the maximum extent, the signal-to-noise ratio of data and the quality of a seismic section can be improved, and the problem of complex geology is solved. The superposition response is an analysis means for judging the noise suppression effect, and comprises suppression strengths in different frequency and wave number ranges and the like. The superposition response is independent of the azimuth of the bin attributes and is dependent on the times and offset. By this analysis means, an optimized observation system is obtained.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the number determination module includes:
the maximum determining module is used for determining the maximum offset length according to the geological exploration target layer corresponding to the superposed data signal;
the minimum determining module is used for determining the superposition combination distance and the minimum offset distance;
the preliminary determination module is used for determining the preliminary times according to the maximum offset, the minimum offset and the superposition combination spacing;
and the frequency determining module is used for determining the frequency by combining the conventional two-dimensional section comparison analysis with different frequencies.
The number of times is an important parameter for observing system design. At present, the selection of parameters is mainly based on section comparison of different times, the comparison analysis method needs to be further improved, the selection of times needs to meet the requirement of superposition technology on noise suppression, the analysis on the interference wave characteristics of an exploration area needs to be strengthened, as long as the requirement that the combination distance of superposition combination is less than 0.8 times of the minimum interference wavelength and the minimum wavelength of the common interference wave is 6 meters, theoretical calculation is carried out, the offset distance reaches about 4.8 meters (d is 0.8 × 6m is 4.8m), so that the noise is suppressed to the maximum limit, as shown in the following formula 1:
d≤0.8λm (1)
wherein d is a constant stacking combination distance, λmIs the shortest wavelength of the interference wave according to the exploration area. Formula 1 reflects the minimum offset distance required by the superposition technology for suppressing noise, and has a uniformity numerical calculation formula and a judgment standard, and in the maximum offset distance range, the relationship between the track distance and the shot point distance, the relationship between the receiving line distance and the parameters such as the gun line distance, the times and the like are linked once, so that the quantitative standard is provided, and the design quality of an observation system is easy to analyze.
The method is characterized in that the number of times is preliminarily determined by the maximum offset, the minimum offset and the superposition combination distance (track distance) of an observation system (as shown in the following formula 2), and the number of times is finally determined by combining section comparison analysis of different times, so that one step is optimized compared with the original number parameter selection.
d＝(xmax-xmin)/(N-1) (2)
Equation 2 determines the preliminary order size.
Wherein x ismaxIs the maximum offset, xminThe minimum offset length is N, and the number of times is N.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the offset determining module includes:
the distance determining module is used for determining the superposition combination distance;
the numerical value determining module is used for determining the numerical values before and after the adjacent offset;
and the uniformity determining module is used for determining the uniformity of the offset distance according to the superposition combination distance, the values before and after the adjacent offset distance and the times.
Under the condition of certain times, the offset distribution characteristics in a surface element influence the effect of superposition response, and regarding the problem of offset distribution uniformity, the two-dimensional wide-line seismic acquisition and three-dimensional seismic acquisition analysis method are not different, and the inventor provides a calculation formula for calculating the offset uniformity by means of superposition combination spacing on the basis of predecessors (see formula 3).
Wherein x isn、xn-1Is the numerical value before and after the adjacent offset, N is the frequency,
is the offset uniformity.
The observation system of formula 3 is designed to obtain the surface element data, and the observation mode is preliminarily determined according to the uniformity value.
The offset uniformity is the uniformity of the offset distribution by summing the absolute values of the absolute deviations of each offset and dividing by the number of offset intervals.
The value is 0, the offset distribution is uniform, the equal-spacing distribution is obtained,
the closer to the 0 value, the more uniform the offset distribution. FIG. 23 is a schematic diagram of the distribution of offset distances, where the number of times N is 13 and x ismaxThe maximum offset is 1030 m, xminThe minimum offset is 70 m, and the offset distance is 80m as shown in formula 2. From the above-mentioned formula 3,
the offset is in the optimal distribution state.
The system optimization module comprises:
the data extraction module is used for extracting the surface element data of the observation system;
the uniformity analysis module is used for analyzing the offset uniformity under the condition that the times are the same;
and the observation mode determining module is used for determining the observation system according to the analysis result.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the noise characteristics generally includes analyzing the influence of the distribution characteristics of the offset on the combined superposition response by a superposition combining formula. Such as formula 4 and formula 5.
Wherein, the two-dimensional earthquake superposition response formula 1 is shown in the specification, and k is shown in the formulao、xojTwo-dimensional wave number and offset, S (k)o) For the superposition response, N is the number of superposed combined elements, i.e. the degree, ωjIs the weighting factor of the superposition combination element j.
For a linear combination of equal weighting factors and equal combination group inner distance d, equation 4 becomes equation 5. The suppression effect of the superposition response on noise mainly reflects the change rule of offset (offset) in a CMP (common center point) gather, and under the condition of the same times, the smaller the uniformity of the offset distribution is, the better the earthquake superposition noise suppression effect is achieved.
The three-dimensional seismic observation system suitable for vibroseis excitation, provided by the invention, firstly breaks through in an analysis method, overcomes the defect that the conventional three-dimensional seismic exploration design only focuses on the number of times in a CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) surface element, and does not consider the uniformity of offset distribution in the CMP surface element and the actual influence of effective times on noise suppression. And secondly, a solution suitable for the optimized design of the three-dimensional seismic observation system excited by the controllable seismic source is found. On the basis of the existing three-dimensional earthquake observation system (orthogonality), namely under the condition of not increasing the acquisition cost, the superposition suppression effect of the superposition data (times and offset) in the CMP surface element on noise is mainly analyzed, and the three-dimensional observation system (observation mode, times, shot point and wave detection point space position) is further optimized by analysis means such as formula calculation, superposition response and the like.
Furthermore, although in the above detailed description several unit modules of the system are mentioned, this division is not mandatory only. Indeed, the features and functions of two or more of the units described above may be embodied in one unit, according to embodiments of the invention. Also, the features and functions of one unit described above may be further divided into embodiments by a plurality of units. The terms "module" and "unit" used above may be software and/or hardware that realizes a predetermined function. While the modules described in the following embodiments are preferably implemented in software, implementations in hardware, or a combination of software and hardware are also possible and contemplated.
Having described a three-dimensional seismic observation system suitable for vibroseis excitation according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention, a method according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings. The implementation of the method can be referred to the above overall implementation, and repeated details are not repeated.
Fig. 25 is a schematic flow chart of a three-dimensional seismic observation method suitable for vibroseis excitation according to the present invention, and please refer to fig. 25, the three-dimensional seismic observation method suitable for vibroseis excitation includes:
s101: the signals of different excitation points of the same reflection point are subjected to dynamic correction and then are superposed to obtain a superposed data signal;
s102: and determining times and offset uniformity according to the superposed data signals. Determining times according to the superposed data signals; and determining the offset uniformity according to the times.
S103: and optimizing the observation system according to the times and the offset uniformity.
In one embodiment of the present invention, determining the number of times from the superimposed data signal comprises:
determining the length of the maximum offset according to the geological exploration target layer corresponding to the superposed data signal;
determining a superposition combination distance and a minimum offset;
determining the size of the preliminary times according to the maximum offset, the minimum offset and the superposition combination spacing;
and determining the times by combining the cross section comparison analysis of different times.
The number of times is an important parameter for observing system design. At present, the selection of parameters is mainly based on section comparison of different times, the comparison analysis method needs to be further improved, the selection of times needs to meet the requirement of the superposition technology on noise suppression, the analysis on the interference wave characteristics of an exploration area needs to be strengthened, as long as the requirement that the combination distance of superposition combination is smaller than 0.8 time of the minimum interference wavelength and the minimum wavelength of the common interference wave is 6 meters is met, theoretical calculation is carried out, the offset distance reaches about 4.8 meters (d is 0.8 × 6m is 4.8m), and the noise is suppressed to the maximum extent.
Determining the offset uniformity according to the times comprises:
determining a superposition combination interval;
determining the values before and after the adjacent offset;
and determining the uniformity of the offset distance according to the superposition combination distance, the values before and after the adjacent offset distances and the times.
Under the condition of certain times, the offset distribution characteristics in a surface element influence the effect of superposition response, and regarding the problem of offset distribution uniformity, the two-dimensional wide-line seismic acquisition and three-dimensional seismic acquisition analysis method are not different, and the inventor provides a calculation formula for calculating the offset uniformity by means of superposition combination spacing on the basis of predecessors (see formula 3).
Optimizing the observation system according to the times and the offset uniformity comprises:
extracting surface element data of an observation system;
under the condition that the times are the same, analyzing the offset uniformity;
and determining the observation system according to the analysis result.
In one embodiment of the present invention, the analysis of the noise characteristics generally includes analyzing the influence of the distribution characteristics of the offset on the combined superposition response by a superposition combining formula. Such as formula 4 and formula 5.
The three-dimensional seismic observation system suitable for vibroseis excitation, provided by the invention, firstly breaks through in an analysis method, overcomes the defect that the conventional three-dimensional seismic exploration design only focuses on the number of times in a CMP (chemical mechanical polishing) surface element, and does not consider the uniformity of offset distribution in the CMP surface element and the actual influence of effective times on noise suppression. And secondly, a solution suitable for the optimized design of the three-dimensional seismic observation system excited by the controllable seismic source is found. On the basis of the existing three-dimensional earthquake observation system (orthogonality), namely under the condition of not increasing the acquisition cost, the superposition suppression effect of the superposition data (times and offset) in the CMP surface element on noise is mainly analyzed, and the three-dimensional observation system (observation mode, times, shot point and wave detection point space position) is further optimized by analysis means such as formula calculation, superposition response and the like.
It should be noted that while the operations of the method of the present invention are depicted in the drawings in a particular order, this does not require or imply that the operations must be performed in this particular order, or that all of the illustrated operations must be performed, to achieve desirable results. Additionally or alternatively, certain steps may be omitted, multiple steps combined into one step execution, and/or one step broken down into multiple step executions.
The present invention also provides a computer device comprising: a processor adapted to implement instructions and a memory device storing instructions adapted to be loaded by the processor and to perform a method of three-dimensional seismic observation suitable for vibroseis excitation.
The present invention also provides a computer-readable storage medium storing a computer program for executing a three-dimensional seismic observation method suitable for vibroseis excitation.
The technical solution of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific examples.
In order to further optimize the observation system, the bin data is extracted for the conventional observation system and the observation system to be optimized, and under the condition of the same times, the uniformity of the offset distribution is analyzed, and the observation system is further optimized. The offset uniformity value is a quantification standard for judging the quality of the design of the three-dimensional observation system, is calculated by an offset distribution uniformity formula (formula 1, formula 2 and formula 3), integrates all parameters of the design of the observation system once, is a judgment basis for judging the quality of the design of the observation system, avoids the past (conventional) single parameter argument, and only meets the requirements of certain data processing on the design of the observation system, and is lack of noise suppression analysis. The coverage times (N), the observation mode of the shot-geophone distance, the track pitch, the shot-point distance, the gun line distance, the receiving line distance and other parameters are linked once by the uniformity, and the observation system meeting the conditions (expected values) is preliminarily screened according to the numerical value of the uniformity.
1. Regular offset distribution feature
The conventional observation system is in an orthogonal mode (as shown in fig. 2), that is, the shot line and the receiving line are perpendicular to each other, fig. 3 is a schematic diagram of the arrangement, that is, each shot position is shot, there are several receiving lines and receiving points, for example, 2S32R176T,2S indicates that the shot is sequentially excited at adjacent 2 shots, 32R is the number of receiving lines, 176T is the receiving of 176 receiving points per receiving line, and the total receiving detecting point is 32 × 176 ═ 5638. When the arrayed pieces roll in the longitudinal and transverse directions, the arrayed pieces roll longitudinally according to the shot lines, and every time the arrayed pieces roll for 1, the demodulator probes roll for the shot line distances with equal distances; and rolling according to the receiving line in the transverse direction, wherein the rolling distance is equal to the distance of the shot line excitation (2S).
And carrying out three-dimensional seismic observation according to the above to obtain CMP surface element data which comprises azimuth angle distribution characteristics, offset distribution characteristics and times. Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of CMP (center position of shot-to-geophone distance) position, azimuthal distribution: including how many shot-to-check pairs (shot-to-check pairs) are in different directions through the CMP point; offset distribution: the distance distribution condition (the offset distance is the offset distance, namely the distance between the shot point and the demodulator probe) of different shot points and different demodulator probes passing through the CMP point; the times are as follows: the number of shot pairs passing the CMP point.
The conventional observation system has problems: in the construction problem, a controllable seismic source is adopted for seismic exploration in a Gobi beach area in a firewood basin, a conventional method is adopted, and a seismic source vehicle continuously turns back in the direction of 90 degrees, so that the field data acquisition efficiency is influenced; the technical problem is that although the vibroseis is environment-friendly and efficient, the ground mechanical vibration mode is adopted for the excitation of the 'shot point', the generated interference waves and the self interference waves are relatively serious (the well gun is adopted in the past, the excitation is carried out 5-50 meters below the ground, the interference is small, and the energy is strong). The effective seismic reflection wave energy is weak, the signal-to-noise ratio is low, and the improvement of further improving the seismic section quality is influenced. The conventional seismic observation system is demonstrated as single parameter demonstration, the conditions required by data processing are met through a formula, and the internal relation among the parameters is ignored. At present, the best method for suppressing noise to the maximum extent and improving the data signal-to-noise ratio by using the superposition technology is used, the noise is related to the offset distribution characteristics, fig. 4 is a conventional offset distribution histogram (2S32R176T), and usually designers consider that the offset distribution is uniform, if the CMP bin offset sizes are sorted, the offset spacing is found to be extremely non-uniform (see fig. 5), and the maximum and minimum values are in the range of 0-55 meters, so that the superposition effect is influenced. The design of a three-dimensional observation system is optimized to meet the requirement of data processing, and the internal relation among all parameters is analyzed through offset uniformity analysis.
2. Different multiples of the shot distance and the track distance of the three-dimensional observation system are arranged, and the uniformity of the offset distance is analyzed
Three-dimensional seismic exploration is arranged at different shot points and demodulation point distances, and the longitudinal direction is as follows: the track pitch is different multiples of the shot-line pitch, or the transverse shot-line pitch is different multiples of the receiving-line pitch, as shown in fig. 6, the offset distribution characteristics are obtained for different CMP (the shot and the demodulator probe are scribed according to a 45-degree azimuth, and the intersection point is the common center point of different offsets) point positions, and the shot-line pitch is adopted: 90 meters, receiving track spacing: 30m, times: 30 times, maximum array length: 870 m. From the view of offset distribution and compression noise characteristics (fig. 7), interference waves with different frequencies or wave numbers are above the average line-30 dB, spurious frequencies (10) appear at different frequencies, and the compression noise amplitude is extremely unstable, so that the interference waves escape from the compression of noise by the superposition technology near the frequency band; FIG. 8 uses shot spacing: 60 meters, receiving track spacing: 30m, times: 30 times, maximum array length: 870 m. From the view of offset distribution and noise suppression characteristics (as shown in fig. 9), interference waves with different frequencies or wave numbers are above-30 dB of the mean line, spurious occurs at different frequencies (7), and the interference waves are near the frequency band, so that the interference waves escape from the suppression of the superposition technology on noise, and the noise suppression amplitude is relatively stable in the other frequency bands; FIG. 10 uses shot spacing: 30 meters, receiving track spacing: 30m, times: 30 times, maximum array length: 870 m. From the view point of offset distribution and compression noise characteristics (as shown in fig. 11), aliasing occurs at different frequencies (4), the vicinity of the frequency band enables interference waves to escape from the suppression of noise by the superposition technology, and the rest frequency bands have relatively stable compression noise amplitude, and the interference waves at different frequencies or wave numbers are below the average line-30 dB.
The offset distribution characteristics and the noise suppression characteristics in accordance with fig. 7, 9, and 11 are obtained similarly by interchanging the positions of the shot point and the detector point in fig. 6, 8, and 10. In addition, the multiple of the shot distance and the demodulation point distance is 1, the noise suppression effect is best, but the higher the arrangement density of the shot points and the demodulation points is, the higher the seismic data acquisition cost is, and the optimal method is arranged, wherein the shot distance or the demodulation point is 2 times of the shot distance or the demodulation point distance is 2 times of the shot distance.
Therefore, the shot distances are distributed in different multiples of the receiving track distance, and the offset distribution characteristics and the pressure noise characteristics of the CMP surface element data are different. For three-dimensional seismic exploration, longitudinal: the shot line distance is 2 times of the wave detection point distance, and in the transverse direction: the shot spacing is 2 times the receive line spacing for optimal deployment (as shown in figure 8).
The relationship between the shot points and the demodulation point distances is determined, and the size and the arrangement relationship of the three-dimensional earthquake receiving line distance, the receiving track distance, the shot point distance and the shot line distance are also determined (see figure 12).
3. Observing system arrangement sheet transverse line rolling different receiving line number, offset uniformity analysis
Taking a conventional three-dimensional observation system as an example, see fig. 13.
Observation system method 1: 2S24L312T (receive line moves 1);
observation system method 2: 4S24L312T (receive line moves by 2).
Track spacing: 40m, longitudinal shot distance: 40m, transverse shot distance: 80m of the total weight of the powder,
receiving the line distance: 80m, number of received channels: 24 × 312, number of coverages: 12 × 52 ═ 624;
two kinds of observation systems, shot point and demodulator probe space layout and point number, times and maximum offset parameter are consistent, only the number of receiving strips for observing the transverse movement of the arrangement sheet is different, CMP surface element data is obtained, the offset size is sequenced, the difference between adjacent offset distances is used for obtaining an offset distance size distribution diagram, see the histogram 14 and the graph 15, the two kinds of observation systems have the same value size if the offset distance uniformity is good, the actual value size is changed within 20 meters, and the uniformity qualitative of the offset distance distribution cannot be judged. Sorting the sizes of the offsets, and calculating according to an offset uniformity formula, wherein 1 strip is rolled, the uniformity is 5.28, 2 strips is rolled, and the uniformity is 6.84.
Thus, the offset distribution is relatively uniform for scrolling 1 bar versus scrolling 2 or more.
4. Different observation system observation modes and offset uniformity analysis
Take the following conventional orthogonal three-dimensional observation system as an example:
observation system method 1: 2S12L64T (receive line moves 1);
track spacing: 40m, longitudinal shot distance: 40m, transverse shot distance: 80m of the total weight of the powder,
receiving the line distance: 80m, number of received lines: 12 number of received tracks: the number of the holes is 12 x 64,
covering times are as follows: 6 × 16 ═ 96;
the optimized three-dimensional observation system is shown in fig. 16 and 17;
observation system method 2: 2S12L64T (receive line moves 1);
track spacing: 40m, longitudinal shot distance: 40m, transverse shot distance: 80m of the total weight of the powder,
receiving the line distance: 80m, number of received lines: 12, number of received channels: the number of the holes is 12 x 64,
covering times are as follows: 6 × 16 ═ 96;
the observation system 1 and the optimized observation system 2 have the same points: all the acquisition parameters are the same and comprise times, maximum shot-geophone distance, receiving track distance, receiving line distance, shot point total number and shot density; the difference is as follows: the spatial positions of the shot points are different, the observation system 1 is used for arranging the shot points in a linear manner, and all the shot points of the shot lines are arranged between the same channels (the middle position between adjacent receiving channels or the middle position of the distance between the detection point and the detection point); in the observation system 2, the shot points are distributed in a point mode, all the shot points of the shot line are distributed in different inter-channel positions (between adjacent demodulator probes), the shot points are seen as 'starry sky', and in addition, the observation modes are different.
And (3) continuously sequencing the sizes of the offset distances by optimizing two observation systems before and after the optimization, and obtaining an offset distance histogram by using the difference between adjacent offset distances, wherein the offset distance value fluctuation before the optimization is large, the adjacent offset distance change after the optimization is small, theoretical analysis shows that the offset distances are distributed very uniformly when the offset distance is about 12 meters according to a formula 2. The optimized offset distance is within the range of about 10 meters, close to 12 values, and has no violent fluctuation, so that the observation system achieves the purpose of optimized design. From the offset uniformity values, the pre-optimization (conventional) observation system had a uniformity value of 10.3228 and the post-optimization uniformity value of 7.993326. Therefore, the optimal design of the observation system achieves the aim.
5. Different observation systems observation modes and field construction efficiency analysis
Fig. 20 shows a design before optimization (conventional), a seismic source vehicle traveling route is longitudinally observed in a bow shape, and fig. 21 shows a design after optimization, and the seismic source vehicle traveling route is longitudinally observed in an S shape.
And if the length of the longitudinal measuring line is 10Km, the length of the walking line of the front seismic source vehicle is optimized to be 15Km and the length of the walking line of the rear seismic source vehicle is optimized to be 12.071Km through longitudinal observation. After optimization, the driving distance is shortened, the bending time of a seismic source vehicle is not included, the operation time is shortened, and the construction efficiency is improved. Meanwhile, the seismic source vehicle does not span a large line (receiving line), and the seismic source vehicle performs back-and-forth line-crossing operation, so that the large line (cable line) is easily broken or damaged.
The invention is an innovation based on the current three-dimensional seismic acquisition technology, and the technical key points are as follows:
the traditional three-dimensional seismic acquisition method proves that single parameter demonstration is carried out on the coverage times, the track distance, the receiving line distance, the shot point distance, the shot line distance, the observation mode (orthogonality), the maximum offset distance and the like, so that the 'one-to-one mismatching' is easily caused, on one hand, the acquisition cost is increased, and on the other hand, the quality of a seismic section cannot meet the geological task requirement. Actually, there is an internal relation between each parameter, the collected data is finally concentrated in the CMP surface element for data processing, the collected data analysis is CMP surface element attribute analysis, including azimuth angle (three-dimensional seismic exploration, obtaining reflected wave information of different directions of the underground position), offset distribution, and frequency, and under a certain condition of all parameters, if the observation modes are different, the offset distribution of the surface element attribute acting on the pressure noise is different. The acquisition parameters demonstrate that in the past, only the stacking times (N) are important for improving the quality of the seismic section, the theoretical analysis of the surface element attributes (times and offset) is lacked, the times are increased, namely, the acquisition cost is increased by changing phases. The design can not be optimized, the analysis is only qualitative analysis, which is easy to cause labor waste, time waste and acquisition cost increase, so that the observation system can not be optimized, which is the technical cause of the invention.
In the case of a certain order, the uniformity of the offset distribution in the CMP bin and the spatial wavenumber (k) are ignored0) Quantitative analysis of the overlay response, the composite spacing (d), the number of overlays (N). The patent is characterized in that: the acquisition cost is not increased, the acquisition cost comprises the number of cannon points and the number of detection points, the data are quantitatively analyzed in different observation modes of the observation system, and the data comprise an offset distance uniformity value, a noise suppression characteristic and the quality of the design of the observation system. Meanwhile, whether the designed observation system is beneficial to the convenience of field construction or not is realized.
The method is suitable for the optimization design of two-dimensional wide-line earthquake and three-dimensional earthquake observation systems. The method is particularly important for further reducing exploration cost by adopting vibroseis excitation at present, suppressing noise to the maximum extent and improving the signal-to-noise ratio of data by using the stacking technology of seismic data processing, and optimizing an observation system.
While the present application has been described with examples, those of ordinary skill in the art will appreciate that there are numerous variations and permutations of the present application without departing from the spirit of the application, and it is intended that the appended claims encompass such variations and permutations without departing from the spirit of the application.
Claims (12)
1. A method for three-dimensional seismic surveying adapted for vibroseis excitation, the method comprising:
the seismic signals of different excitation points of the same reflection point are subjected to dynamic correction and then are superposed to obtain a superposed data signal;
determining times and offset uniformity according to the superposed data signals;
and optimizing the observation system according to the times and the offset uniformity so as to perform three-dimensional seismic observation.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein determining a number of times, and an offset from the superimposed data signal comprises:
determining times according to the superposed data signals;
and determining the offset uniformity according to the times.
3. The method of claim 2, wherein determining a number of times from the superimposed data signal comprises:
determining the length of the maximum offset according to the geological exploration target layer corresponding to the superposed data signal;
determining the size of the superposition combination interval and the minimum offset according to the characteristics of the interference waves;
determining the size of the preliminary times according to the maximum offset, the minimum offset and the superposition combination spacing;
and determining the number of times by combining two-dimensional section comparison analysis with different times.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein determining the offset uniformity based on the number of times comprises:
determining a superposition combination interval;
determining the values before and after the adjacent offset;
and determining the uniformity of the offset distance according to the superposition combination distance, the values before and after the adjacent offset distances and the times.
5. The method of claim 4, wherein optimizing the vision system based on number and offset uniformity comprises:
extracting surface element data of an observation system;
under the condition that the times are the same, analyzing the offset uniformity;
and determining the observation system according to the analysis result.
6. A three-dimensional seismic observation system suitable for vibroseis excitation, the system comprising:
the signal superposition module is used for superposing the seismic signals of different excitation points of the same reflection point after dynamic correction to obtain a superposed data signal;
the parameter determining module is used for determining times and offset uniformity according to the superposed data signals;
and the system optimization module is used for optimizing the observation system according to the times and the offset uniformity.
7. The system of claim 6, wherein the parameter determination module comprises:
the frequency determining module is used for determining the frequency according to the superposed data signals;
and the offset determining module is used for determining the uniformity of the offset according to the times.
8. The system of claim 7, wherein the number determination module comprises:
the maximum determining module is used for determining the maximum offset length according to the geological exploration target layer corresponding to the superposed data signal;
the minimum determining module is used for determining the superposition combination distance and the minimum offset distance according to the characteristics of the interference waves;
the preliminary determination module is used for determining the preliminary times according to the maximum offset, the minimum offset and the superposition combination spacing;
and the frequency determining module is used for determining the frequency by combining the cross section comparison analysis of different frequencies.
9. The system of claim 8, wherein the offset determination module comprises:
the distance determining module is used for determining the superposition combination distance;
the numerical value determining module is used for determining the numerical values before and after the adjacent offset;
and the uniformity determining module is used for determining the uniformity of the offset distance according to the superposition combination distance, the values before and after the adjacent offset distance and the times.
10. The system of claim 9, wherein the system optimization module comprises:
the data extraction module is used for extracting the surface element data of the observation system;
the uniformity analysis module is used for analyzing the offset uniformity under the condition that the times are the same;
and the observation mode determining module is used for determining the observation system according to the analysis result.
11. A computer device, comprising: a processor adapted to implement instructions and a memory device storing instructions adapted to be loaded by the processor and to perform a method of three-dimensional seismic surveying adapted to vibroseis excitation according to any of claims 1 to 5.
12. A computer-readable storage medium, in which a computer program is stored, the computer program being adapted to perform a method of three-dimensional seismic observation suitable for vibroseis excitation according to any of claims 1 to 5.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010013598.3A CN113156512A (en) | 2020-01-07 | 2020-01-07 | Three-dimensional earthquake observation method, equipment and system suitable for controllable seismic source excitation |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010013598.3A CN113156512A (en) | 2020-01-07 | 2020-01-07 | Three-dimensional earthquake observation method, equipment and system suitable for controllable seismic source excitation |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| CN113156512A true CN113156512A (en) | 2021-07-23 |
Family
ID=76881350
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202010013598.3A Pending CN113156512A (en) | 2020-01-07 | 2020-01-07 | Three-dimensional earthquake observation method, equipment and system suitable for controllable seismic source excitation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| CN (1) | CN113156512A (en) |
Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102023310A (en) * | 2009-09-19 | 2011-04-20 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Uniformity analysis method of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN102645670A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-22 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Observation system optimization design method based on stack response analysis |
| RU2013131963A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-20 | Виктор Алексеевич Шумилов | SEISMIC METHOD |
| CN105093299A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Observation system optimization method based on offset vector tile technology and apparatus thereof |
| CN105467445A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device for establishing three-dimensional seismic observation system |
| CN106501841A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-03-15 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of Optimization Design of two-dimentional wode line seismic observation system and device |
| CN107144873A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-09-08 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | A kind of sandstone-type uranium mineralization with respect 3D seismic data observation procedure |
-
2020
- 2020-01-07 CN CN202010013598.3A patent/CN113156512A/en active Pending
Patent Citations (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN102023310A (en) * | 2009-09-19 | 2011-04-20 | 中国石油化工集团公司 | Uniformity analysis method of three-dimensional observation system |
| CN102645670A (en) * | 2011-02-22 | 2012-08-22 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Observation system optimization design method based on stack response analysis |
| RU2013131963A (en) * | 2013-07-09 | 2015-01-20 | Виктор Алексеевич Шумилов | SEISMIC METHOD |
| CN105093299A (en) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-25 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Observation system optimization method based on offset vector tile technology and apparatus thereof |
| CN105467445A (en) * | 2015-12-15 | 2016-04-06 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | Method and device for establishing three-dimensional seismic observation system |
| CN106501841A (en) * | 2016-09-19 | 2017-03-15 | 中国石油天然气集团公司 | A kind of Optimization Design of two-dimentional wode line seismic observation system and device |
| CN107144873A (en) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-09-08 | 核工业北京地质研究院 | A kind of sandstone-type uranium mineralization with respect 3D seismic data observation procedure |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| 吴永国 等: "三维观测系统属性均匀性的定量分析", 石油地球物理勘探, vol. 47, no. 03, pages 361 - 365 * |
| 罗岐峰 等: "柴达木盆地三湖地区地震采集方法探讨", 石油地球物理勘探, vol. 46, no. 6, pages 837 - 843 * |
| 罗岐峰 等: "柴达木盆地三湖地区――观测系统对高精度地震采集资料的影响", 青海石油, vol. 28, no. 04, pages 13 - 19 * |
| 罗岐峰 等: "柴达木盆地复杂山地组合压噪特性分析", 青海石油, vol. 31, no. 02, pages 7 - 13 * |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| CN101625417B (en) | Method for optimizing design of vertical seismic profile observation system | |
| CN107526101B (en) | A kind of acquisition and processing method obtaining earthquake reflected wave | |
| CN101551463B (en) | Noise suppression evaluation method for three-dimensional observation system | |
| CN100349011C (en) | Method for suppressing background noise not related to excitation source in seismic data enhancement | |
| CN106291709B (en) | A kind of marine streamer wideband wide-azimuth method of seismic prospecting | |
| CN105093299B (en) | A kind of method and device based on geophone offset slice of vector technical optimization observation system | |
| CN109100795B (en) | Method, device and system for arranging shot and inspection points of surface element | |
| CN106501841B (en) | A kind of optimum design method and device of two dimension wode line seismic observation system | |
| RU2580155C1 (en) | Method of seismic signal source arranging for seismic survey system | |
| CN103605158B (en) | A kind of maximum offset defining method and device | |
| CN111025389A (en) | Multi-scale coherent dimensionality reduction fusion fracture prediction method and system | |
| CN114578424A (en) | Method and device for fusing azimuth-divided attributes of wide-azimuth seismic data | |
| CN103513279B (en) | A kind of illumination analysis computing method based on seismic wave equation and calculation element | |
| CN109856680A (en) | A kind of Coastal beach area pull-type seismic reflection survey method | |
| CN108761520A (en) | A kind of method of seismic acquisition parameter design | |
| CN113156512A (en) | Three-dimensional earthquake observation method, equipment and system suitable for controllable seismic source excitation | |
| CN107367756B (en) | A kind of quantitative analysis method of multilayer near surface Seismology and Geology complexity | |
| CN107831533A (en) | Acquisition scheme geophone arrangement quantitative-length analysis method based on energy statisticses | |
| CN108375794B (en) | VSP (vertical seismic profiling) slit-hole diffraction imaging technical method based on symmetrical observation | |
| US11454734B2 (en) | Automated extraction of horizon patches from seismic data | |
| Taipodia et al. | Resolution of dispersion image obtained from active MASW survey | |
| CN111538078A (en) | Observation mode determination method and device of two-dimensional wide-line seismic observation system | |
| CN114755740A (en) | Rock distribution determination method, device, equipment and medium | |
| CN112255672A (en) | Seismic data acquisition coverage frequency optimization method | |
| US10317550B2 (en) | Fracture and stress characterization using layer thickness variation |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| PB01 | Publication | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
| SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination |