CN108761520A - A kind of method of seismic acquisition parameter design - Google Patents
A kind of method of seismic acquisition parameter design Download PDFInfo
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- CN108761520A CN108761520A CN201810431500.9A CN201810431500A CN108761520A CN 108761520 A CN108761520 A CN 108761520A CN 201810431500 A CN201810431500 A CN 201810431500A CN 108761520 A CN108761520 A CN 108761520A
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
- G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
- G01V1/003—Seismic data acquisition in general, e.g. survey design
Abstract
The invention discloses a kind of methods of seismic acquisition parameter design, by designing each acquisition central angle and optimized incidence of acquisition binning, and carry out relevant each acquisition azimuth window value, offset window value being calculated；It is worth to acquisition window using each acquisition azimuth window value, offset window, and determines the degree of covering in acquisition window, to obtain acquisition window parameter；Further according to the corresponding acquisition observation system of acquisition window parameter designing, implement earthquake data acquisition.Can be used for the multinomial work such as structure interpretation and lithology prediction, FRACTURE PREDICTION according to the seismic data that is collected of the present invention, have the characteristics that than common seismic acquire obtained seismic include information content more, economically feasible, technically reliable.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of methods that oil-gas exploration technical field more particularly to seismic acquisition parameter design.
Background technology
In field of geophysical exploration, after obtaining seismic data by common seismic acquisition method, need to earthquake number
According to being handled, being explained and inverting, obtained achievement is utilized to carry out exploratory well potential theory card.So earthquake-capturing is obtained
Seismic data is affected to subsequent work in every, determines the success or failure of follow-up related work.
Geophysical techniques now have obtained significant progress, have existed for the technology of lithology, FRACTURE PREDICTION etc.
It is widely used in each oil field prospecting.But these technologies are quite high to seismic channel set data demand, such as require trace gather
With certain resolution ratio and signal-to-noise ratio, some FRACTURE PREDICTION technologies also require seismic channel set data to have azimuth characteristic-guarantee
Data in relative orientations arc angular region have certain noise when resolution ratio.
Conventional earthquake data acquisition is mainly to meet the needs of structure interpretation, and often ignore lithology, FRACTURE PREDICTION
The demand of aspect, this longitudinal wave acquisition technique have been unable to meet the needs in terms of reservoir prediction description now.In recent years, some oil
Field also implements wide-azimuth earthquake-capturing, 3D3C earthquake-capturings, but these seismic acquisition technologies is with high costs, it is not easy in oil
The popularization and application of large area are carried out in gas exploration, and relevant processing, interpretation technique, also in the exploratory stage, practicability needs quotient
It discusses.In view of extensive use of the rolling lands the P seismic exploration in oil-gas exploration, and relatively economical is cheap, and operability is extremely strong.So
It is necessary to design it corresponding acquisition parameter and mating observation system, make to can be used for through its obtained seismic data of acquisition
Lithology, FRACTURE PREDICTION realize exploration economy, efficient, technical feasibility purpose.
Invention content
The present invention provides a kind of method of seismic acquisition parameter design, and obtained earthquake is acquired to solve common seismic
The problem of data can only be confined to structure interpretation and cannot implement lithology, FRACTURE PREDICTION needs, and with economically feasible, technology
The strong feature of operability.Technical solution：
Step 101：Design each acquisition central angle and optimized incidence of acquisition binning；
Step 102：Acquisition window parameter is determined using acquisition central angle and optimized incidence；
Step 103：Observation system is acquired accordingly according to acquisition window parameter designing.
Further, each acquisition central angle and optimized incidence that acquisition binning is designed in step 101, specifically include：
Acquisition central angle be designed as direct north is set as 0 °, 360 ° are clockwise turned to, based on earthquake-capturing
0 °~360 ° azimuths are converted to 0 °~180 ° azimuths by symmetry principle；Minimum acquisition is set in 0 °~180 ° azimuths
Central angle and maximum acquisition central angle can be adopted therebetween with decile interpolation or not several acquisition central angles of decile interpolation
Earthquake-capturing requirement and actual conditions decision should be regarded by collecting the number of central angle, generally should be ensured that the acquisition of design 5 or more
Central angle.
It should be required according to earthquake-capturing for the optimized incidence of target zone and actual conditions determine, general optimized incidence
An occurrence being designed as between 15 °~35 °, preferably takes 30 °.
In step 102 each acquisition central angle and most of design acquisition binning is obtained using the parameter that above two determines
Good incidence angle.
Further, it determines acquisition window parameter using acquisition central angle and optimized incidence, specifically includes：
Relevant azimuth window ranges are set according to each acquisition central angle of design acquisition binning, are also adopted each
Collection central angle adds, subtracting one, fixed angles angle value arrives each acquisition azimuth window value to obtain the final product；By optimized incidence plus to subtract one solid
Determine angle value and obtain incidence angle window value, and offset window value is determined after being computed conversion according to the depth value of target zone.
It is worth to each acquisition window range according to each acquisition azimuth window value and offset window, to each acquisition
The degree of covering of the relevant degree of covering of window design, each acquisition window can be consistent or inconsistent, specific visual earthquake-capturing
It is required that and actual conditions decision.According to the determination of above-mentioned acquisition window range, the degree of covering of acquisition window to be acquired
Window parameter.
Further, observation system is acquired according to acquisition window parameter designing accordingly in step 103, specifically included：
According to the corresponding acquisition observation system of acquisition window parameter designing, acquisition observation system should ensure that implementation acquisition window
Parameter, the outer visual earthquake-capturing of parameter of acquisition window requires and practice of construction situation determines, can be more than or less than in acquisition window
Parameter.
Beneficial effects of the present invention
The method of seismic acquisition parameter provided by the invention design, by design acquisition binning each acquisition central angle and
Optimized incidence, and carry out relevant each acquisition azimuth window value, offset window value being calculated；Utilize each acquisition
Azimuth window value, offset window are worth to acquisition window, and determine the degree of covering in acquisition window, to be acquired
Window parameter；Further according to the corresponding acquisition observation system of acquisition window parameter designing, implement earthquake data acquisition.According to the present invention
The method of design of acquisition parameters carries out the rolling lands P seismic exploration, and the seismic data collected can be used for structure interpretation and lithology is pre-
The multinomial work such as survey, FRACTURE PREDICTION, it includes that information content is more, economical to have seismic more obtained than common seismic acquisition
The characteristics of feasible, technically reliable.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 is the flow diagram according to the seismic acquisition parameter design method of the embodiment of the present invention.
Fig. 2 is earthquake-capturing window (in square box and number) design method schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention.
Specific implementation mode
With reference to embodiment, the invention will be further described, and but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto：
The executive agent of the present embodiment designs for seismic acquisition parameter.
Fig. 1 is the seismic acquisition parameter design cycle schematic diagram according to the embodiment of the present invention, as shown in Figure 1, the present invention carries
A kind of method of seismic acquisition parameter design supplied, including：
Step 101, each acquisition central angle and optimized incidence of acquisition binning are designed.
Specifically, acquisition binning refers to the CDP face elements in 3D seismic data acquisition, the size of general face element is
20mX20m, the length of side of face element, which determines, usually considers three factors：Target scale, the highest calculated by inclination angle are without aliasing frequency, cross
To resolution ratio.
Further, the design about each acquisition central angle is specially that direct north is set as 0 °, is rotated clockwise
It it is 360 °, 0 °~360 ° azimuths are converted to 0 °~180 ° azimuths by the symmetry principle based on earthquake data acquisition；0 °~
Minimum acquisition central angle and maximum acquisition central angle are set in 180 ° of azimuths, it therebetween can be with decile interpolation or not decile
Several acquisition central angles of interpolation, earthquake-capturing requirement and actual conditions decision should be regarded by acquiring the number of central angle, generally should
Ensure the acquisition central angle of design 5 or more；In actual mechanical process, mainly carried out in 0 ° -180 ° azimuth coverages
Decile interpolation designs acquisition central angle, and calculation formula is as follows：
In formula (1)For the data value of i-th of acquisition central angle, k is multiple,To acquire the increment of central angle,Minimum for design acquires central angle,
It should be required according to acquisition for the optimized incidence of target zone and actual conditions determine, general optimized incidence is desirable
30 °, the value range of optimized incidence can be between 15 °~35 °.
The each acquisition central angle and optimized incidence of design acquisition binning are obtained using the parameter that above two determines.
Step 102, acquisition window parameter is determined using acquisition central angle and optimized incidence.
Specifically, relevant azimuth window ranges are set according to each acquisition central angle of design acquisition binning, that is,
Each acquisition central angle is added, subtracting one, fixed angles angle value arrives each acquisition azimuth window value to obtain the final product.Acquire azimuth window
The calculation formula of range is as follows：
In formula (2), (3)The minimum azimuth for acquiring azimuth window for i-th,For i-th of acquisition orientation
The maximum azimuth of quarter window mouth,For i-th of acquisition central angle data value, Δ m is the azimuth fixed angles angle value of setting.
By optimized incidence plus the fixed angles angle value that subtracts one up to arriving incidence angle window value, and according to the depth of target zone
Value determines offset window value after being computed conversion.Wherein, the maximum incident angle of incidence angle window value and the meter of minimum incidence angle
It is as follows to calculate formula：
θmin=θk-Δd (4)
θmax=θk+Δd (5)
θ in formula (4), (5)kFor optimized incidence data value, θminFor minimum incidence angle data value, θmaxFor maximum incident angle
Data value, Δ d are the incidence angle fixed angles angle value of setting.
Offset window value is calculated according to maximum incident angle and minimum incidence angle.Wherein, the relationship of incidence angle and geophone offset
Formula is as follows：
θ is incidence angle in formula (6), and x is geophone offset, and h is the buried depth of the target zone of design.
It is worth to relevant acquisition window range according to each acquisition azimuth window value and offset window, is adopted to each
Collect the relevant degree of covering of window design, the degree of covering of acquisition window can be consistent or inconsistent, and specific visual earthquake-capturing is wanted
It asks and practice of construction situation determines.According to the determination of above-mentioned acquisition window range, the degree of covering of acquisition window to be adopted
Collect window parameter.
Step 103, observation system is acquired according to each acquisition window parameter designing accordingly.
Specifically, according to the corresponding acquisition observation system of each acquisition window parameter designing, acquisition observation system should ensure that
Implement the degree of covering of seismic data in each acquisition window, the visual earthquake-capturing of the degree of covering outside acquisition window requires and reality
Border condition of construction decision, the degree of covering that can be more than or less than in window, the degree of covering being less than under normal circumstances in window.
Specific embodiment is set forth below to illustrate above-mentioned steps.
This example is to carry out seismic acquisition parameter design to the marine facies shale in certain three-dimensional work area.Step 101 is acquired face
Each acquisition central angle of member and the design of optimized incidence.Using etc. a point interpolation design, determine minimum acquisition central angle
It is 25 °, the increment of setting acquisition central angleIt is 30 °, it is total to have 25 °, 55 °, 85 °, 115 °, 145 °, 6 acquisitions such as 175 °
Central angle；According to the AVO forward modeling characteristic Design optimized incidences θ of target zonekIt is 25 °.
Step 102 carries out the determination of each acquisition window parameter.Relevant azimuth is set according to each acquisition central angle
Window also adds each acquisition central angle, subtracting one, fixed angles angle value arrives each acquisition azimuth window value to obtain the final product.In example
The azimuth fixed angles angle value Δ m set as 5 °, then relevant azimuth window value be 20 °~30 °, 50 °~60 °, 80 °~
90 °, 110 °~120 °, 140 °~150 °, 170 °~180 °.The incidence angle fixed angles angle value of settingBe 10 °, then incidence angle
The maximum incident angle of window value and minimum incidence angle are respectively 35 °, 15 °, and incidence angle window is 15 °~35 °.According to target zone
Average buried depth h is 2400m, then offset window value x is 1286~3360m.Therefore, azimuth window and big gun are in summary acquired
Inspection obtains acquisition window (Fig. 2), is both designed as 60 times to the degree of covering of each acquisition window away from window parameter, and outside window
Degree of covering be both designed as 20 times, thus obtain correlation acquisition window parameter, and soft using existing business Seismic acquisition designs
Part designs relevant earthquake-capturing observation system to meet this acquisition window.P waves are carried out using the earthquake-capturing observation system
Seismic prospecting, institute's gathered data the multinomial work such as are no longer confined to structure interpretation, and can be used for lithology prediction, FRACTURE PREDICTION, have
The strong feature of economically feasible, technology operability.
Compared with existing Omnibearing earthquake auto acquisition technique, the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows：
(1) be conducive to subsequent reservoir prediction using the seismic data that the method for the present invention obtains to work；
(2) implementation steps of the method for the present invention are simple, quick and feasible；
(3) it utilizes the information content about reservoir acquired by the method for the present invention more, can preferably be suitable for lithology prediction
With the work such as FRACTURE PREDICTION.
Although by reference to preferred embodiment, invention has been described, the case where not departing from the scope of the present invention
Under, various improvement can be carried out to it and can replace component therein with equivalent.Especially, as long as there is no logics to rush
Prominent, items technical characteristic mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way.The invention is not limited in texts
Disclosed in specific embodiment, but include all technical solutions fallen within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (10)
1. a kind of method of seismic acquisition parameter design, it is characterised in that the flow of parameter designing includes：
Step 101：Design each acquisition central angle and optimized incidence of acquisition binning；
Step 102：Acquisition window parameter is determined based on acquisition central angle and optimized incidence；
Step 103：Design acquisition observation system, ensures the acquisition window parameter determined in implementation steps 102.
2. the method for seismic acquisition parameter design according to claim 1, it is characterised in that in being acquired described in step 101
Direct north is set as 0 ° by being designed as of heart angle, and clockwise turns to 360 °, the symmetry principle based on earthquake-capturing, by 0 °~
360 ° of azimuths are converted to 0 °~180 ° azimuths；Minimum acquisition central angle and maximum acquisition are set in 0 °~180 ° azimuths
Central angle, therebetween interpolation several acquisition central angles.
3. the method for seismic acquisition parameter according to claim 2 design, it is characterised in that minimum acquisition central angle and most
Several acquisition central angles of decile interpolation, calculation formula are as follows between big acquisition central angle：
In formula (1),For the data value of i-th of acquisition central angle, k is multiple,To acquire the increment of central angle,For
The minimum acquisition central angle of design,
4. the method for seismic acquisition parameter design according to claim 1, it is characterised in that most preferably enter described in step 101
Firing angle is designed as an occurrence between 15 °~35 °.
5. the method for seismic acquisition parameter design according to claim 1, it is characterised in that using in acquisition in step 102
Heart angle and optimized incidence determine acquisition window parameter：
Relevant azimuth window value is set according to each acquisition central angle of design acquisition binning；It is set according to optimized incidence
Incidence angle window value；Offset window value is calculated according to incidence angle window ranges.
6. the method for seismic acquisition parameter design according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the azimuth window value meter
Calculation method is：
In formula (2), (3)The minimum azimuth for acquiring azimuth window for i-th,For i-th of acquisition orientation quarter window
The maximum azimuth of mouth,For the data value of i-th of acquisition central angle, Δ m is the azimuth fixed angles angle value of setting.
7. the method for seismic acquisition parameter design according to claim 5, it is characterised in that the incidence angle window value meter
Calculation method is：
θmin=θk-Δd (4)
θmax=θk+Δd (5)
θ in formula (4), (5)kFor optimized incidence data value, θminFor minimum incidence angle data value, θmaxFor maximum incident angle data
Value, Δ d are the incidence angle fixed angles angle value of setting.
8. the method for seismic acquisition parameter design according to claim 7, it is characterised in that offset window value calculating side
Method is：
θ is incidence angle in formula (6), and x is geophone offset, and h is the buried depth of the target zone of design；By maximum incident angle θmaxEnter with minimum
Firing angle θminIt brings incidence angle θ into respectively and acquires offset window value.
9. the method for seismic acquisition parameter design according to claim 1, it is characterised in that adopted according to each in step 103
Collection azimuth window value and offset window are worth to each acquisition window range, and relevant covering is designed to each acquisition window
Number；According to the determination of above-mentioned acquisition window range, the degree of covering of acquisition window to obtain acquisition window parameter.
10. the method for seismic acquisition parameter design according to claim 9, it is characterised in that the covering time outside acquisition window
Number is less than the degree of covering in acquisition window.
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